,W
TWENTY-FOUR PAGES
AUTOMOBILES, GARDENS,
SCHOOLS, FEATURES
SECTION TWO
PHOTOPLAYS, DRAMA,
MUSIC, ; SOCIETY, CLUBS
PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 17, 1918.
GERMAN INVASION OF BELGIAN TERRITORY FOLLOWS FAST
REGARDLESS OF TREATY OBLIGATIONS, the German forces were ordered over the Belgian frontier near Liege, where
the Belgian army was mobilized. Herewith are reproduced photographs showing Belgian refugees flocking into Brussels
from the invaded region and Belgian riflemen awaiting the oncoming Germans. Below are Belgian cavalry buglers pro
claiming the mobilization of the Belgian forces through the streets of Brussels.
Huns
For
Scarcely Wait
Albert's Reply
Brussels Glows In i
Patriotic Fervor
Enemy Crosses Frontier Near, Liege, Where Belgian Army Under
Personal Leadership of the King Is Concentrated
to Meet the Invader.
BY BRAND WHITLOCK
United State MinUter to Belgium
OpyrtaHt. 1018. ty Krand Whitlnrk. nrnler the title' "MirmoriMi of Belgium Under the Uerman
k-ruMtinrv " All rights reseneil. I'cpyrirhted in irrat Britain. Canada and Australia. All rights
r-rrd for Kranrr. Mlgliim. Holland. Italy, Hpain, Kuuia and the bcandinarutn countries. Pub
lished by special ansngeroent witli tbe McClure Newspaper Syndicate.
SCARCELY waiting for the reply to the ultimatum, German troops had in
vaded Belgium on Tuesday morning at It o'clock. They crossed the
frontier near, Dolhain, and in the afternoon about 4 o'clock they had arrived
jn the region of Fleron, one of the forts that encircle Liege. Wednesday
morning we heard that the guns of the forts at Liege were already booming.
The army was concentrated there and the Liege deputies had gone home to
aid in the defense of the old city, whose 'heroic traditions the king recalled
that day in this stirring proclamation to his troops:
TO THE JSATIOSAI, ARMY!
Soldier :
Without the least provocation on our part, a neighbor, glorying in his power,
has torn into Khreds the treaties that bear his signature and violated the terri
tory of our fathers.
Becaune we have been worthy of ourselves, because we have refused to for
feit our honor, he haa attacked us. But the whole world is amazed at our
loyal stand. May its respect and it? esteem sustain you In this supreme mo
ment !
Seeing its freeedom menaced, the nation has been deeply moved and her
children have hurrle'd to her frpntiers. Valiant soldiers of a sacred cause, I
have confidence lnyjir tenacious bravery, and I salute you in the name of
Belgium. Your citizens are proud of you. You will triumph, for yours is the
might that serves the right.
Caesar said of your ancestors : "Of all the peoples of Gaul the Belgians are
the bravest."
Hall to you, army of the Belgian people ! In the' face of the enemy, remem
ber that you are fighting for liberty and for your menaced hearths. Remem
ber, men of Flanders, the Battle of the Golden Spurs : and you. Wallons who
now stRnd on your honor, remember the six hundred FranchimontolB
Soldiers! I leave Brussels to put myself at your head. ALBERT
i 'fmf hi iiiw i'H.im-e jl di unncin, una uiui nay or August, 1914.
The. moving words of the
king, who on that Wednesday morning
had established his headquarters east
ward at Louvaln, near the field where
he was to prove himself so much a man,
young German military train that was labeled
had stirred Brussels. The city in th0.fe'led across the road and barbed wl
brilliant sun of that Wednesday thrilled
with the emotions of patriotic fervor,
flags leaped to roofs and balconies all
over town, and lolled luxuriously on the
warm air. There was an exhilaration
In the atmosphere ; every one was ex
cited ; tears came suddenly to the eyes :
voices trembled. Every man that one
met had a new rumor the French army
had entered Belgium, or the English
were debarking at Ostend ; there was
exaltation and high hope Id the heart.
Frightened Folk
Crowd Legation
citmieiijae nacn Far s " ThA tnin
however, had been stopped, and at the
frontier the passengers had got out and
walked ; some of the women had ridden
.. y in a ieasant's cart: trees
kmtfr:ni u-1 lip ml 'vji
J.
Capital Is Exhilarated by Knowl edge That a Valiant Soldiery Has
Gone Forth to Meet a Power-Mad Foe ;
Who Knows No Mercy. f
; .
All day th legation was emwrten-with
frigntened Americans who continued 4b
pour Into Brusuels and remained there
hesitant loath or afraid to brave the 1
channel crossing to England, hoping for
some miracle that would arrest the war
or spars them its discomforts.
"I suppose I am to come right here
with rhy family in case of trouble?" said
a great strapping fellow, speaking in
his strong German accent, who came one
morning with a wife and five children,
and", planting himself there in the cor
ridor that was crowded with Americans
and Germans, plucked at me insistently
as I went by. I'erhaps I did not In
stantly , respond with the spontaneous
gesture of hospitality that one, especial
ly If one is an American diplomatist,
would like to have instantly ready in all
his relations with his friends and fellow
citlsens, for he grew Impatient and
shouted :
"I demand protection as an American
citizen !"
He used the word "protection" with
that curious, baffling superstition which
characterizes the type of mind that con
fuses words w 1th acts! that considers
problems solved when the word that
defines them has been discovered and
pronounced.
War Shatters
Honeymoon j
We could laugh at him. he was so
badly scared, but I could have wept at
the plight of a newly-married pair a
youth and his bride, who sat near, pa
tiently awaiting iheir turn. They had
been school-teachers in the Middle West.
They were on their bridal trip and for
the first time in their lives in Europe,
doubtless for the first time in their lives
away from home. All that the bride
groom had was a ticket which, as he
unrolled it, revealed yard on yard, in
almost Interminable convolutions, a
series of cupons coupons for every
thing, steamships, railways, trams, omni
buses, hotels. In' short, one of those
tourist tickets that provide for every
need of a determined voyage, them
selves the itinerary and the means of
following it. And now. in the universal
cataclysm, the young couple found their
coupons suddenly worthless; no one
would accept them, not a steamship,
railway, bus or hotel and the bride
groom had no money ; all that he and
his wife had was Invested in that pre
(ternaturally elongated ticket, which was
to have supplied every possible human
want, and to have spared them every
care and annoyance, so long as they
did not depart from the narrow, defined
groove of travel it market out for them.
Meld up there before me in the hand of
the groom, and allowed to trail out its
preposterous length in despairing im
potence on the' floor, it stood to me as
, the pathetic symbol of what long months
of eager planning and consultation of
guide-books and histories, of what con
versations with obliging and persuasive
agents, of what painful economy, of
what heroic and stoical self-denial, of
what hopes and dreams !
I can see the bridegroom and the
bride, sitting there, the girl looking into
the young husband's face with Buch utter
confidence, so far from that mid-west
era home, with Its peace, its ' calm, its
nalvette. The whole scene was vividly
present the little provincial town, the
high school, - the Sunday-school, the
Chautauqua, the faint apprehension of
the thing called culture my heart went
. out to them. It was another of life's
little Ironies for Thomas Hardy or a
, stonr. lor Maupassant, though Maupaa
, aantvlth tour thousand naked words
would have treated it with his cynical
mockery, his hard, pitiless, cruel French
' . wit. Sunt lachrymae rerum ! It was of
a pathos beyond all tears, as is so much
- of life, ' 1
- 'Among uie Americans waa a young
doctor from Chicago, whom the war had
overtaken. In Germany, where he had
.been studying. He had come through
from Verviers to Liege -that eight on a
entanglements had stopped their prog
ress, and they struggled on on foot, lug
ging their dressing-cases. The night was
clear and warm, and they had seen the
German cavalry along the roadside,
resting; the horses were picketed and
the troopers were lying on the -ground,
smoking. One of the soldiers waived his
hand at the ,party as it plodded along.
They got to Liege and thence came
through to Brussels by train.
The young man was not only an
American, but a German-American, a.nd
for-that reason some of those at the
Legation Insisted' that he was a German
spy. Thus early we were affected bjr
that pecwliar suggestion which produced
its phenomenon
4.1 , . . - r " ' auk J
inoso eariy aays of the war. I'erhaps
tt waa not so strange ; the Legation
halls were already crowded With Ger
mans ; there were thousands of them in
Brussels and many of them were spies,
of course. They were there, Germans,
whether spies or not, badly frightened.
"Voila un espion
Common Cry
"Voila un espion!" some -one would
cry, and the human pack would Instantly
give chase. No one, however, was hurt
The Brussels police were tactful, kindly
and efficient. But suspicions were rife
even In the mildest breasts. There was,
as it happened, that very morning, a Bel
gian priest who came to see me, an abbe
from the country. He came accompanied
by another priest, old, gray and with
ered, who, as I had the abbe shown in
was left sitting rather disconsolately iii
the hall. I spoke of this and asked
the abbe if he did not wish his roi.
league to come in: but the ahbe. lin
ing toward me confidentially, said: "No
i ininK he is a German spy."
The abbe had come to tell me tha t,.
had given refuge to 400 Germans in his
abbey and he wished me to take steps
mem repatriated.
I don't like Germans." he said. "Hut
and he relented, "I feel sorry for these
poor folk."
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and all was quiet, and our frightened
Germans were waiting for the train
that had been provided. Mr. Gibson
and Roy Nasmith. the American vice
consul, were rounding up the Germans.
The original 400 whom the Belgian
priest had sheltered In the abbey had
grown to 4000, and to make doubly
sure, I went myself to see Monsieur
Carton de Wlart.
Reparations to Send
Germans Home
I found him in his office, where there
a great portrait of Tolstoy on an
easel Tolstoy and this madness! Mon
sieur Carton de Wlart was very kind
and not the least 1itter toward the
Germans. All had been admirably or
ganized. Trains had been provided to
carry 2500 Germans to the Dutch fron
tier that night, and we had telegraphed
Mr. Van Dyke, our minister at The '
Hague, who was to have them met
there by other trains, and so sent back
to their homes in Germany. The Ger
mans were to be assembled at the
Cirque Royal that evening, guarded by
the gendarmes and by them escorted
to the station.
There was to be a meeting that eve
ning of the diplomatic corps at the Fapal
Nonctature and Senhor Barros Moreira,
the Brasilian minister, came over after
dinner that we might go together. As
we went downstairs on our way out,
there in the hall we saw a woman in
tears ; her husband, a German, was with
her and he sat there In dumb, Teutonic
melancholy. They had with them a little
boy with golden curls, one of the pret
tiest children I ever saw, with the sweet
face of one of Raphael's cherubs, who
looked up inquiringly into his mother's
sad face. I recognized the woman as an
American who married her German hus
band in Iowa, where they had lived for
years, he engaged successfully in busi
ness. But he had neglected to become '
naturalised, and that summer, in Europe
on a visit home, had been overtaken by
the tide of war. Before such a pros
pect they were all in terror, he sitting
dumbly by the while.
At sight of me the woman sprang
forward and seized my hand, as though
I were her last refuge in the world, and
with such sobs and lamentations as
might break a heart, fell on her knees,
refusing to let go my hand and drag
ging on tragically toward me on her
knees. Barros Moreira was imressed
by the scene, and by the figure of the
little boy standing by, receiving his bap
tism in the . misery of this world. I
did not know what to do. I feltthe
embarrassment of one of our race in
such a predicament, tore my hand awAyj;
picked up the pretty baby and kissed ;
him, and left we had to get to that
meeting the woman dragging after met
all the way to the door. .
Spy Uses Family 'm
as Foil
When I returned from the meeting t f.
learned that my wife and the mother
and Miss Lamer had taken the little boy
upstairs and played with him all eve ;
ning until Mr. Gibson took the little :
family away in the motor to the Cirque '
Royal, where they assembled the Qer-T-mans
who were to go out on the refuge
train that night. I had a Vision of that
bright, pretty, innocent little child, and
the little family whirled away in the
great whirlpool into darkness to what
fate? We should never know, I said,
never see any of them again.
But we did. A few days after the
Germans had established themselvees in i
Brussels, the father of the pretty little
boy took a room near Mr. Gibson's'
apartment Th the Rue St. Boniface and,"
in his quality of 'German spy, watched
Mr. Gibson's every movement.
(To be continued next Sunday.) -'
Wife Dislikes Navy;
Garb; Divorce Begun;
Ran Francisco. March 16. Because
his wife refused to meet him garbed In
the uniform of the United States nary,
Alvin Quaadorf. a naval wireless opera
tor, is seeking a divorce in the superior
court here. ' , , ,. v-:
At the outbreak of the war Quaadorf
promptly offered his services-to hie::
country and just as promptly lost hie
wife. He says that she has declined ab
solutely" to have anything to do with -him
while he wears a uniform, and that
the rules of the service do not per-":
mit him to appear publicly in citizen's
dress.
a
mm r i w,:xt t ? w4ss
r entrusted the 400 refuree to Mr
Gibson, who went at once to arrange
ior trains to taKe them out to Holland,
whence they might regain the father
land. The Americans, who hH on ,,v.
further to go to regain their mother.
land, had been increasing in such num
bers that some organization beyond that
wnicn me inadequate resource;, of the
legation could provide was necessary,
and It was then that I had recourse to
a rather remarkable 'American, who
happened td-Je resident in Brussels, an
engineer, interested in several tram
way enterprises in Europe and in South
America, JJaniel Heinemann. I invited
him with Millard K. Shaler and William
Hulse, American citizens likewise, and
resident in Brussels, to meet me at the
legatton ,and we organized a commit
tee with Mr. Heinemann at its head, to
undertake the relief of our fellow' citi
zens who had been overwhelmed by the
war. Funds were raised, a house .was
rented where Americans
shelter, and thus by the admirable and
efficient efforts of these gentlemen, all
the Americans who wished to go home
were enabled to go to England and
eventually to find their way to their
own land.
Heroic Resistance
Revives Hopes
One evening at dinner time came the
confirmation of the news of the superb
resistance of the Belgians at Liege.
The hopes of the town were high ; every
one was expecting the French and the
English to come to the support. The
lower town was all excitement. A warm
and gentle rain was falling, but the
streets were brilliant and gay and the
throngs drifted through them, singing
the Brabanconne and the Marseillaise,
and everywhere the Belgian and the
French colors. The little tables on the
sidewalks before the cafes were all sur
rounded, and passing slowly down the
Boulevard Anspach, blazing with its
electricity, one heard now and then the
crash of broken glass; the crowds were
breaking the windows of German shops
-or shops with German names. Over the
door of "Chez Fritz," the great cafe
in the Boulevard Anspach, was the ap
pealing placard:
"Fritz is a good citizen of Luxem
bourg, but this place is Belgian.'
The -night was so warm, the fine
misty rain . so gentle and refreshing !
IN EARLIER
CHAPTERS
Here is the fifth installment of
the tragic story of Belgium, told
by the American minister to . Bel
gium, who has been in that country
since December, 1913, and has seen
the whole black history from the
beginning.
In the earlier installments Mr.
Whltlock drew an unforgetable pic
ture of the idyllc life of Brussels
in the spring before the storm, and
told of the first omens of the ap
proaching holocaust. In -succeeding
installments, act by act. the tragedy
will be unfolded a vital revelation
and a message to America at war.
J
even the showers of glass from those
smashed German windows fell with a
merry tinkle and the crowd laughed
joyously. The hearts of all, indeed,
were high; Brussels was expecting the
French and the English to arrive any
moment, expecting the "big battle" in
which the combined Belgian, French and
English forces were to annihilate the
Germans.
And then at midnight a new. rumor
shuddered through the town. , Men were
going along the streets ringing the door
bells and shouting :
"L'eau de la ville est empoisonnee!
L'eau de la ville est empoisonnee !"
They said that the German uhlans had
poisoned the sources of the water of
Brussels.
There was no truth in the tale., of
course, we were aesttnea to oecome
rather well acquainted with the phe
nomenon of rumors. No matter how
stupid or how often disproved, there
was always some one .to believe, and in
this Instance there were many poor folk
who, in their credulity and fear, went
thirsty for days.
Rumors, Rumors
Everywhere
Bismarck says somewhere that never
are rumors so rife as in time of war,
and he was an authority on most things
pertaining to the art or the science of
war, if it is an art or a science. We
could seldom trace the rumors to their
origin. I do not know that we ever
tried, but on one occasion I was ' able
to lay the ghost of one rumor that was
constantly repeated and believed during
those first tragic days when we were
so new to the grim business.
That rumor related to wireless
telegraph ' installations. When, people
were not seeing spies they were hearing
wireless instruments clicking. One
morning, at half-past eight o'clock.
Monsieur Carton de Wlart was an
nounced on a matter ef immediate im
portance and I went down to find the
tall, handsome Belgian minister, of lus-
There was a kind of gaiety abroad ; i less nights, but well-groomed as ever.
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fWindow Glasses' on i
Prohibited !Lisi
Milwaukee, , March- . if. Wtndowt
glasses." the.lthid archael 'la.iu cent,
stores by people who 'want eye ,gtaee,
and sales of glasses in department storey
unless such sales are made through ;
the aid of an, experienced optometrist,
will be stopped if the, Wisconsin Assocla-
tion for the Blind .succeeds in having r
the state legislature pass a bill prohib- ' ;
itlng such sales., .',. ' r
and elegant in high hat and frock coat.
He came to inform me that the Belgian
government had reliable Information
that there was a wireless telegraph in
strument on top of the German legation ;
the Garde Ctvique that had been de
tailed there at my request to- protect
the legation, had heard it working dur
ing the night. The government, of
course, wished to be correct, and as
there were no predecents, he proposed
that the Procureur du Roi and some of
the justices of the Court de Cassation
institute an Inquiry, and in a regular,
formal, andiegal manner ascertain the
facts.
"But," I said, "there Is a much more
practical way !"
"What?"
"To go and see. Toull accompany
me, won't you? Let's go."
He was surprised, but pleased. I
asked him to procure a wireless-telegraph
expert and said I would go with
him, whenever lie was ready.; He went
away, came back In half an hoar wits
his-expert, a lithe, agile youne; chap In
rubber-soled shoes, and with Mr. Gibson
and Monsieur de Leval, we all went
over to the German legation.
The members of the Garde Clvlque on
duty there crowded up" to assure us that
the instrument could still be heard
spluttering away, and we routed out the
startled old Grabowsky, who was vir
tually imprisoned there, and with him
to guide us, ascended to the attic He
opened a trap-door in the roof, and the
lovely morning light came through from
the ' patch of blue sky above ; then he
produced a frail little ladder and I In
vited Monsieur Carton de Wlart to
ascend. He looked at the little ladder,
then down his dignified front of frock
coat; ministerial dignity could never
hope to ascend such a ladder and clam
ber on to that steep roof.
Rusty Weathercock
Causes Alarm
And so I went up and the expert came
after me, and then Mr. Gibson and we
clambered ' about .over the tiles and
among -.. the chtmney-pota t Monsieur
Texpert went everywhere, clipped a few
..... , : f t : v . -
wires telephone, no doubt but shook
his head ; no Wires to be found any
where. -And while we were looking
about I saw to my surprise, almost at
my feet, a trap-door slowly rise, then a
head came forth, and presently there
arose, like the morning sun before my
eyes, a dark, handsome face, hair care
fully combed down, monocle in left
astonished eye, high, tight collar, butter
fly cravat, smart coat, elegant hands,
manicured nails, a'clgarette and there
was Signer Felix Cavalcantl de Lacerda,
the secretary of the Brazilian legation,
the premises of which adjoined those of
the German legation. Cavalcantl was
speechless with surprise, but I divined
the situation, greeted him and said :
"If I'm violating Brazilian territory.
It's quite by mistake and unintentional
and I formally and officially apologize."
He laughed' and I explained and he
told me that his chief, beholding men
on the roof of his legation, had sent
him up to Investigate.
And while we were talking, suddenly
there was a sound, a sharp, rasping
sound, broken into what might very well
have been dots and dashes "xzzt
Zzst Zzt Zzt Zzt Zzzzzs-
ttss " precisely like the wireless on
steamships in the Atlantic! Monsieur
l'expert cocked his head, pricked up his
ears, and then we all fixed the place
whence came the sound . . . and It
was a rusty weathercock squeaking In
the wind ! And so that sensation ended
to the regret of the Garde Clvlque when
we went down and. informed him.
Legation Turned
Into Bedlam
It was from Carton de Wlart that
morning thaf we heard our first news
of the horrors of Vise : the Germans,
after their check at Fleron, had burned
the town and shot the Inhabitants.
When we returned to the legation, the
Germans, those peaceful, frightened
Germans who were then of Brussels,
were already crowding the halls, turn
ing the legation into a bedlam. The
crowd inside increased as the day ad
vanced ; and as the news spread that
we were charged with the protection of
German interests, groups of idle and
curious gathered outside in the Rue de
Treves. And suddenly, late in the after
noon, over the pandemonium, there was
the horrid sound of strife and angry
cries, and then blows at the outer doors.
The crowd had rushed upon some Ger
man entering the legation, and when
the door was closed behind him in' the
faces of the crowd they began kicking
on its panels.
But the admirable, de Leval went out
and spoke to the crowd, while the Oer
man cowered behind a steel filing case
back In the chancenerie. - We telephoned
to the authorities and in a . halt hour
a detail of . Gardes dvtqnes was posted
at the legation, patrolinf the streets.
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