''j. -
2
THE OREGON: SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLA ND. 1 SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER - 30, 1917.
Entry
or America
Year
s Outstandin
- Participation of the United States
Most Important Events of
,. Copyright, 1B17, by the McChtrs Nwppr
.vf":- Hjrndteate. ;
" ; S THE yesr opened the only mlli
Z try movements of Importance in
' . progress were those aimed by Ger
' many and her allies to complete the n
.;. Bihilation 1 of Roumania. and Attention
' 'waa centered upon the request that had
beetyraad by President Wilson that the
x "various belligerent nations state the
terms upon which peace might be dls
eussedl - i - .;
" The replies seemed to preclude any
further action by the United States -as
a peacemaker, but on January it. Presi
dent Wilaon, In an address before the
, senate, laid down the , principles whicn
' be declared; should guide the Unfted
States In partlclpalng in a league to en
. force peace at the close of the present
' war.;-. . , .- . ..-' , . , -',
On January 81, Germany an mronced
the inauguration of ruthless submarine
- warfare, announcing in a note to the
; United States that, following the failure
- of its proffer of peace negotiations, it
is now "compelled to continue the .fight
; for existence, again forced upon it, with
the full employment of all the weapons
whteh are at its dlsposalv permission
a was given for one American passenger
: ship to visit England weekly, provided it
r, . followed- a prescribed rout,, made Fal
f mouth its destination, arrived and de
i parted on a given day, and 'carried cer
tain distinctive markings in addition, to
the American flag.
Diplomatic 'Belationi Severed
- President Wilson actei prompiiy,
", ering diplomatic relations with Germany
on February I. ",
On February 8, eight South and Cen
tral American republics BrasU, Peru,
- Chile, Uruguay,, Bolivia, Panama, Cuba
- ,nd Argentina, refused to recognize the
German submarine blockade. Sweden
announced her Intention to continue a
policy, of strict neutrality. The roiiow-
lng day China Indorsed the American
. action and advised the German govern
ment that China would break off diplo
matic relations If the new submarine
measures were pursued.
, The Cunard, liner Laconta was sunk
without warning off the Irish coast on
: February 25 with a loss of IS lives. In
cluding those of two American women.
The '. following day President Wilson
asked congress for authority to arm
American merchant ships as a measure
' of armsd neutrality. .
; On February 28, the British announced
, the capture of Kut-el-Amara on the
"Tigris river, where General Tbwnshend
surrendered to the Turks on April 28,
1918.
On February 28, it was announced that
the - United States government was In
possession of a communication ad
dressed by the German foreign minister
to the German minister at Mexico City,
instructing him to propose an alliance
between. Germany and Mexico and to
suggest that as soon as war with the
United States was certain, the president
of Mexico communicate with Japan, of
fering to mediate between Japan and
Germany.' As a ; reward Mexico waa
promised - financial support from Ger
many and the reoonquest of lost terri
tory la Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.
' The United States house of represen
tatives, March 1, passed the Flood bill,
giving the president . the right to arm
American merchant ships, but the meas
ure died with the Sixty-fourth congress
en March 4 as a result of a filibuster
, engineered by a dozen members of the
senate.
Wilson's Second Inaagsral
: President Wilson entered upon his sec
ond term March 4 and in his Inaugural
address-on the following day, took a
stand In favor of armed neutrality.
- The United! States "department of state
announced, March 12, that it had deter
mined to place armed guards upon- air
-:- American merchant vessels sailing
-through the German war son. March
Notables Claimed by Death
During the Passing Year
DEATH i took a heavy ,toll In 1917
among t world , leaders In various
fields of activity. Among the best
known" men and women passing away
during the year were:
' V " s - Snnnnrr '
January .4. Jean Baptists Chauveau.
famous biologist, at Paris; January 10.
William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill), noted
American scout and - Indian fighter;
Wayne McVeagh, former United States
attorney general; January 18. Admiral
George Dewey, - hero of the battle of
Manila bay and head of the American
nlvyt January 20, William de Morgan,
famo-as novelist.
i ; February i
" .February??. Cardinal Dlomede Fal
conlo at Pri; Timothy H. Murnane.
veteran baseball official and writer, at
' Boston i February ' 10, Al Hayman.
' theatrical producer, at New York ; February-
It. Bernhard Ustemann. famous
violinist, at Chicago ; February 18,
'Major General Frederick Funston, U.
a. a.: hero of Philippine campaigns and
; commander, of the southern division of
the United States army, ax sin Antonio,
. tu f February 24. Edwin-Gould Jr.,
grandson of Jay Gould, founder of the
- Gould, fortunes,;. February 28V Captain
- Jack Crawford, "poet scout" and Indian
fighter. - vv.; : -'
: VI arch
' March" 8. - A. B. Wenzel, painter, at
: Englewood, N J; Manuel de Arrlaga,
' former president of Portugal ; . March
8. Count Ferdinand Zeppelin, inventor of
. the Zeppelin dirigible balloon, at Char
latteberg, Germany ; G. W. Guthrie,
United States ambassador to Japan,, at
Toklo ; March 11, Congressman Cyrus
- Sulloway of " New Hampshire ; March
IS, John M. Studebaker Sr., founder
-of! the - Studebaker vehicle works, at
- South Bend, nd. i
' -t." . . , .April
' April 4r Richard Olneyr former secre-
. tary of state, at Boston ; April 1, "Dia
mond Jim" Brady, famous financier "and
man-about-town, - at Newf ;Torlt : -April
: 16, Frank Rockefeller. i brother of John
: Dw Rockefeller, at Cleveland ; -April 18,
7 General von . Biasing, Gertnan governor
general of Belgium ;'1 April 20, Dave
'.- Montgomery, famous American come
dian, at w Chicago v : April"?,! 1," W. i H.
Barry, ..member - of the . - . federal ; trade
- commission, at Waahington. f?" A J
Hay 10, Joseph Benson -Foraker, for
mer United State senator from Ohicv at
. Cincinnati ; May ,14." Joseph H. Choata,
leader of American bar, and former am-
': assador of the United States to Great
l-rltaln, at New York; May J9. Belva
eature
: and the Collapse of . Russia
the War This Year. -
14. "t was learned that the American
steamship Algonquin had been sunk
without ' warning by a German subma
rine. ' On the same day China severed
diplomatic relations with Germany -and
seized German merchant .ships- in' the
harbor at Shanghai.' ..-'V-v.f ,.
On March 15, the Russian revolution
ary movement, which ' had begun with
food riots and strikes, culminated in the
abdication of Czar Nicholas, both for
himself and his son. - Pending the meet
ing of , a constituent assembly , the gov
ernment was vested in . the -executive
committee of the duma and r newly
chosen council of ministers with Prince
Lvoff as premier. y-"
The ; German forces v on the west
front, oq March 17, began a generui
retirement on a front "of 85 miles from'
south of Arras to Soissons, falling
back to new lines which had '.been
prepared.- The retirement left Ba
paume. center of the German defense
on the - Ancre river, Roye; Lasslgny,
Peronne, Chaulnes, Noyon. and other
Important towns in the hands of the
British and . French. '
.The relations between Germany and
the United States were further
strained March 18 by the receipt of
reports of the sinking, of three Ameri
can . steamers, the City of - Mem phi.
Illinois and Vigilancia, 15 of the lat
ter's crew being lost. -"'
- Special Session Called '
On. March 21. President Wilson -is
sued a proclamation calling congress
in special session on April t. "to re
ceive a communication by the 'execu
tive on grave Questions of national
p'ollcy."
The German admiralty on March 22
reported the return ' t of the raider
Moewe from a second cruise, in whicn
she captured 22 steamers and five
sailing vessels, with a gross tonnage
of 123,100 tons. On the same day. the
American steamer Healdton was tor
Iedoe(1 wltnout warnln, 21 men. In-
eluding seven Americans, being lost.
Brisk fighting on the west front oc
curred March 30, the British occupy
lng the villages or Ruyaulcourt, Find
and Sorel in the direction of Cambral
and -the - French recapturing positions
lost to the Germans in Champagne.
On April 2, President Wilson appeared
before a Joint session of congress and
called for a . declaration of a state of
war with Germany. t On April 4, the
senate passed a resolution declaring the
existence of a state of war. "She resolu
tion was adopted by the house of rep
resentatives April 6 and was signed by
the president the earae day. At the same
time 91 German-owned vessels In Amer
ican ports were seized by the govern
ment. Cuba declared war on Germany
on April 7 and on the same day Presi
dent Valdez of Panama issued a procla
mation declaring that Panama would'
lend emphatic cooperation to the United
States. The following day, Austria
Hungary severed diplomatic relations
with the United States.
.Battle of Yimy Ridge
-The British forces on the west front
began the first great offensive of 1917
on. April 9, penetrating the enemy posi
tions north and south of Arras to a depth
of from two to three miles. The famous
Vimy ridge, a position of great import'
ance, was taken by Canadian troops. The
British war office reported the capture
of 11,000 prisoners, 100 guns and much
other war material in the first two days
of the offensive. ;..
April 12. the United States government
took its first .step toward the formation
of a great army by calling , for about
600,000 volunteers to bring the regular
army and national guard up to full war
strength, enlistments being for the dura
tion of the war. Bolivia broke off diplo
matic relations with Germany April 12.
The French forces launched an offensive-against
the enemy on a 25 mile
front between Soissons and Rheima,
April 18. and after three days' fighting
Lockwood, 'lawyer, pioneer suffragist
and only woman nominee for president
of the United States, at Washington;
ay , united States Senator Harry
Lane of Oregon: May 24. L8 Darcy.
famous Australian pugilist, at Memphis;.
May 25, W. H. MUler, former attorney
irir r; " estates, at Indian-
5S J!SJ':Jw? d8 Rothchud.
- Jane
June 17. Judson C. n.m..t..
state commerce commissioner, at Wanh.
--eoian Tf Aeri.taT" j2TS
aiy -.
July 1, Wimam H m,vh
oclau JusUc of the United States su
preme court: Julv s sh, tj.w.1
f? AriAh -tor. .tZ:
. , - -.j v, ncroeri k.1r-v n,-
actor; July 11. Ty. w. Wurst, American
cZi July '0-. Genial Harrison
Thnes. OWn f the Angetoi
-.. Asgsst
August 1. J ere Cohan, veteran actor
at Monroe. N. T. : Auniai , o. I
Klrchner. portrait painter, at New York
August 17, John W. Kr
ed SUtes senator from Indiana, at Ashel
Augwsi Earl Gray., for
mer governor general of Canada.
. -i September
September i, ris Sturmer. former
September 12, Queen
Eleanors of Bulearta: a-r,f.v.l
Wimam F. Stone. collec'tor of the port
of Baltimore and serpeant at arms of
niu.ionai conventions;
. uetober ::
October 9, Hussian Kemal, sultan of
i. woeru,, von ts.. Dickinson,
former Postmaster generaJ. at Detroit ;
October 20. Rev. Thomas Sar... .
ed preacher, at London ; October 21. Paul
OHusting. United States senator from
Wisconsin; October 22. Robert iof-, '
mons. former heavyweight champion of
the world, at Chicago ; Octob- s. -
William J . . Herachel, discoverer of fin-
w j-nn- lasnuncauon October -10
-Private John Allen, former congrW
man from Mississippi ; General Charles
H. .Grosvenor. former congressman from
: t 'Vi A- - November ;4 s";;,
iMOvemoer , ... i-tituokalanl. former
queen ox nawau, at Honolulu ; Novem
ber 16, 'John W. Foster, former wn.
tary of sUte, at Washington; Novwn-
ter 17. Augusts Roam, famous French
sculptor ; s, XMovemoer a jb,- General sir
Stanley Maude, commander of the Brit
ish army in Mesopotamia.
I
reported the captur of mors than -17.-000
prisoners. , The villages of Chavonn.
Chivy, Ostel and Brays-en-Laonnoia
were taken-. On April 20, Turkey severed
diplomatic relations . with the - Unltod
States. The British admiralty, on April
2U announced the . slnklrr of two or
three German "destroyers in a. raid near
Dover. ' ' . . -
The first. American casualties In the
war , were reported April 28. , when the
armed American oil tank steamer Vac
uum was sunk by a submarine and sev
eral American gunners were lost. On
the same day Dr. Karl Helffertcb, Ger
man secretary of the interior, announced J
that In the first two months of nnre-
stricted submarine warfare, -shipping- of
more than 1.600.000 tens had been sunk.t
including 1.000,000 of British tonnage.. .
On May 1. the first disquieting re-,
ports came i from Russia, where the .'
Workmens anor Soldiers' council adopted j
a resolution providing for an appeal to'
the people of the world in behalf of the
calling of a peace conference - to meet
In a neutral country. On May 15. Gen
eral Petain succeeded General Nivelle as
commander of the French armies on the'
west front. ; ' , .. .,' - -
Keresky Mlaltter of War : : y? .
It was learned on May 18. that a
squadron of American destroyers under
Read Admiral Sims had safely crossed
uie a u an tic ana nan Deen- patrolling tne
seas in war service since May 4. A shake
up -in the Ruaslan cabinet waa reported
May it. M Tereschtenko succeeding Paul
Milyukoff as foreign minister, and A- F.
Kerenaky, Socialist leader, : becoming
minister of war. , The United 8tatea
army draft bill became a law May 18
when President Wilson affixed his sig
nature to the measure and issued a proc
lamation fixing June as registration
day." , On - the same day the first con
tingent of the American .army to'reach
Europe a unit of the. medical corps
arrived at a British port. "On May 19.
Nicaragua severed diplomatic relations
With Germany, . - .
On May 24, announcement was made of
the torpedoing of the British transport
Transylvania on May 4, with a loss of
mois than 400 lives. On May 25, a great
German air raid on the southeast coast
of England caused the death of 78 per
sons and the wounding of 174.
During the eany part of June growing
unrest in Russia began to attract the at
tention of the allies. On June 1. work
men and soldiers seised Kronstadt, the
Russian fortress defending Petrograd,
and repudiated, the provisional govern
ment. On June 3. the American com
mission to Russia, headed by Ellhu Root.
and the American railroad commission.
headed by John F. Stevens, arrived
safely at Russian ports. On the follow
ing day. General Brusslloff , succeeded
General Alexleff as commander-in-chief
of the Russian armies. On June 7. the
Russians in possession of Kronstadt
yielded to negotiations and recognized
the provisional government. .
Selective Draft Begins
In the meantime the American prepar
ations for war were proceeding rapidly.
On June 5, nearly 10,000,000 men of mil
itary age registered' for military service
under the selective draft law. On June
8, Major General John J. Pershing, who
had been selected to head the American
expeditionary forces in France, arrived
with his staff in London. On the same
day Washington reported the safe ar
rival in France of 100 American avia
tors, the first American fglhtlng forces
to reach that country.
The British forces also continued their
offensive on the west front during the
early part of June, capturing Important
German positions on a nine mile front
south of Ypres. June 7, Messines,
Wytschaete. and other strongly fortified
points were taken, with 8400 prisoners.
A solution of the Greek situation, which
had endangered the operations of th
allies in pie Balkans, was reached June
12 when on the demand of France. Great
Britain and Russia, King Constantino
abdicated in favor of his second son.
Prince Alexander, who was known to be
favorably inclined toward the allies.
London reported another big raid by Zep
pelins on June 13, in whlch 157 persons
were killed and many Injured.
First Liberty Loaa Drive
The subscriptions to the first American
Liberty loan . closed 'June 15, the loan
being , oversubscribed by $750,000,000.
The Russian Council of Workmen's and
Soldiers Delegates . went , on record on
June 18, as being Irrevocably opposed to
a separate peace with the Teutonic
powers.
On June 26. it was announced that the
first contingent of American troops, un
der command of Major General Slbert,
had arrived safely in France. On whe
same day the National American Red
Cross War council announced the receipt
of $114,000,000 in its seven day campaign
for war relief funds. I
The new Greek cabinet, headed by
Eleutherios Venlselos. who had headed
the Greek provisional government in
opposition to King Constantino, went
Into office on June 27 -and two days later
the new government severed diplomatic
5. . " iui,. v.i u..Otrifc and Germany and France, ana oi
28, It was announced, also, that Brazil nniiHrai ouastion relet-1
had revoked its decree of -neutrality. :
Rasslaa Uadertake Offensive ,
On the first day of July, the Russian
forces, under -the personal leadership of
War Minister Kerensky. electrified the
allies by launching a powerful offensive
on an 18 mile front In Gal tela, capturing
many strongly fortified towns and . tak
ing thousands of prisoners. For two
weeks the Russians - continued to ad
vance along a front that widened to 100
miles, but on July 19 the" Russian offen
sive collapsed and turned into a rout.
when many Russian regiments mutinied
and fled. Kerenaky succeeded Prince
Lvoff as premier of Russia on July 20
and on July 23. In an effort to stem the
rout Of the Russian armies, the Council
of Workmen's- and Soldiers''-Delegates
snd the Council of Delegates of the Peas
ants of all- Russia voted unlimited pow
ers to the government of Premier Ker
ensky. The first pretentious air raid by
the French on German interior . points
was made "on July 8, tn reprisal for Ger
man attacks on French open towns.
Bombs were dropped on the Krupp fac
tories at- Essen and at other points. Ger
man airplanes again - bombarded Lon
don July 7. killing 37 persons. Three
of the attacking' airplanes were brought
down at sea and seven others were de
stroyed by British patrols. ,
. Ton-Bethmaaa Hollweg Resigns .
The first -political crisis in the Ger
man cabinet during the war resulted on
July 14 in the resignation of Chancellor
von Bethna ann-Hpuweg said the appoint-:
ment- as his successor! of Dr. George
Michaells. V On July 22. Slam declared
war against Germany and Austria-Hungary,
bringing the , number of the al
lied nations to 18.
"The- British launched i their 'second
great offensive of the year on th Fland
ers front on July 3L attacking on a 20
mile front from Dlxmude to Warneton.
after three week of . intense artillery
preparation. The British forced their
way into th German lines to a depth of
two to two and a half miles, taking 19
vUIares and more than 6000 prisoners:
For the next three months the British,
with the cooperation of the French, con
tinued to hammer away at -the German
lines. On August 8. CaemowlU. capital
of Bukowlna, wa occupied by the Aus
trian, changing hand for the tenth time
during the war. .On the. same day the
Russian provisional rovernment Issued a
Unanlfesto refusing trecognlxe Finnish
I indeoendence. " 's.., .-;.-" -. .
It wa announced on August that
A 'PERIOD
THE CAPITOL
Glimpse of national eapitol during
High Spots of 1917
AFTER years of the most stngulniry rijhtinj in history, the treat
nations of the world, together with many o( the smaller ones, were
still at death (rips as the year 191 7 closed, with less prospect of an
early peace than was thought to exist a year ago.
The greatest development of the year was the entry of the United
States of America into the conflict. . The throwing of the tremendous
resources and man-power of the American republic into the balance on
the side of the entente-allies, in the opinion of military experts.' has more
than, offset the advantages gained by Germany and her Allies during the
past 12 months,' and has made, possible - the continuance of the conflict
until a time when a definite military decision can be obtained.
There have been a half dozen or more outstanding events In the past
year. Some of these have been of purely military significance and others
have been occurrences-of a political nature which have had a far-reaching
effect upon the titanic conflict.
Chief among the political upheavals of the year was the Russian revo
lution, which resulted In the overthrow of Czar. Nicholas and culminated
during . the closing months of the vear in a counter-revolution which
practically eliminated Russia from the ranks of the nations opposed to
the central powers. From a military standpoint, the chief events of the
year have beet) the launching of the German ruthless submarine cam
paign, which was directly responsible -for the entrance of the United
States into the war; the British offensive on the west front, first in the
Arras sector,-later in' Flanders, -and still later. on the 3S-mile front be
tween Arras and St. Quentini the Italian offensive against Austria from
Tolmino to. the Adriatic, and the subsequent offensive, of the Germans
and Attstrians against Italy,' which -resulted in the overrunning of North
ern Italy by the Teutonic alHel.-' ? " " -
The entry of China, Cuba,. Brazil, Siam and other countries into the
war on the side of the entente allies, the overthrow of King Constantine
of Greece on the demand of France and her allies, and ether events', im
portant In themselves; were overshadowed by. the greater. developments
of the year.
the regular army of- the United States
bad reached Its war strength of 300.000
men, through voluntary enlistments.
German airmen raided the southeastern
coast of England again on August 12,
killing 28 persons and injuring 60. . On
the same day French aviators dropped
bombs on Frankfort -on-Main. . ,
"Pope Presents Pears Proposals
Pope Benedict, on August 14. . trans
mitted to all belligerent and neutral gov
ernments peace proposals embodying the
following terms : The evacuation of Bel
gian 'and French territory by - Germany,
and of the German colonies by the al
lies; the peaceful settlement or tern
t ..ni. hn Balkan states and
'Poland: the limitation of armaments
and the formation of a supreme court of
arbitration. ' v- 1
In the course of the operations on the
west' front Canadian troop, on ..August
15. seized HU1 70. dominating Lena .from
the. northwest, a position . formerly re
garded a Impregnable. American troop
marching through xxmoon xor me urmi
time. In history, were reviewed by King
George August 15. Continuing their at
tack in Flanders on a nine mOe front,
the British, cooperating with the French,
captured the village of Langemarek with
1800 prisoners. On August 17. Ill French
airplanes carried out a- series of great
bombing raids, dropping over 14 ton of
projectiles on aviation camp and rail
road station behind the .German line.
v Itallaas .Undertake Offensive'
The Italian forces opened, a great of
fensive on August 19. attacking on a
front 40 miles long from Tolmino to ths
Adriatic sea. After three days of fight
ing the Italians announced the capture
Of more than 13.000 Austro-Hungarian
prisoners. On August 25, the Italians
caDtured Monte Santo, an Austrian
stronghold on the Isonzo front.- 'During
the latter part of the month the French
made 'repeated 'attacks In "the - Verdun
region., making large gains on a front
t twn anl a half miles. Two more na
tions .entered '"the . war on th side .of
the allies in August, Liberia declaring
war on Germany . August '7 and China
declaring 4 war on - both 'Germany, and
Austria-Hungary -August -14. , On Au
gust 28, "President Wilson's reply to' the
peace proposals of Pope Benedict . was
made public It declared that we ean-
not take the word of the present rulers
of -Germany as ,a guarantee, of anyhing
that is to endure, unless explicitly sup
ported , by ' such conclusive evidence of
the will and purpose or tne German -peo
ple themselves as the . other peoples "of
the "world would be Justified la accept
ing., ' Other allied governments later
adopted President Wilson' note a their
own reply to the pope. . - rr. -r.
Early In. September the Italians con
tinued to make progress in their drive oo
the Isonzo front, announcing on Septem
ber the capture of 14 strongly-fortified
mountains, causing an 11-mil breach in
the Austrian line and resullng tn the
capture of 27,000 prisoners Operations
on the other front during the month
were not extensive.,' German force oc
cupied -the Russian port of Riga on th
- i- - : : - Vrr-v--'- r.."i 1 - i- .V,'.V:...
AT NIGHT
k. t
a nioht session 'of congress."
Baltic sea, 312 miles southwest or Pet
rograd. Ratla In Chaos
Conditions ki - Russia . grew . more
chaotlo during the month of September.
General Kornlloff, commander-in-chief
of the Russian armies, on September 10.
demanded that all civil and military
powers be placed. In his hands. Premier
Kerenskv tmmAHiii.lv Hannud n.n.M I
Kornlloff and civil war threatened as
Kornlloff. at the head of a large force
of troops, marched on Petrograd. - The
rebellion collapsed, however, on Septem
ber 13, when General Kornlloff agreed
i -
The first American casualties . In
i France were announced" on September 4,
f when four Americans were killed-in a
German raid on American hospitals In
France. "America's war pcrparatlon
were continued rapidly, the nrst con
tingent of 6 per cent of the new national
army arriving at their cantonment Sep
tember ,6. On the same day. In an ef
fort to. suppress anti-war propaganda in
the: United States, the department of
Justice, raided office of the Industrial
Worker of the World throughout the
country, seizing thousands of docu
ments. ' They also took possession of the
national Socialist headquarters in Chi
cago. On September 8, the state depart
ment made public three communications
containing advice "concerning the. Oe
struetion of Argentine shipping, sent by
Count 1 Luxburg, German charge d'af
faires ' at Buenoe Aire, to the Berlin
foreign office, the communications hav
ing, been transmitted through the Swed
ish; foreign .office. The Argentine gov
ernment immediately demanded an ex
planation from . Germany and handed
Count Luxburg his passport. On. Sep
tember 12 the state department made
further disclosures . of. cooperation be
tween Swedish and Oerman diplomats in
the transmission of military news to
Berlin, . Involving the .German minister
and Swedish charge d'affaires in Mexico.
On - September 21. Secretary Lansing
mad public th text of a message from
Count von BernstortX to Berlin in Jan
uary. ' 1917. aaklng authority to urn
$50,000 to. Influence congress . through
an- organization which he declared had
performed a similar purpose before. .On
September 22, the Argentine government
sent an ultimatum to Germany, -oe-mandlng.
a formal statement of Ger
many's . attitude .on the Luxburg ex
posure.1 Germany replied "In a note die
approving' the. idea expressed by Count
Luxburg but -on September. 25, th Ar
gentine' chamber of deputies declared lit
favor of a. rupture- with" Germany. A
similar resolution had' already'., been
passed .by .the senate. ; --; j .'
Skipssndlsg Prerrass Aaaoaseed
The. replies of Germany and. Austria
Hungary to Pope Benedict' peace pro
posals were 'made public September 2L
They accepted the pop' offer as a basts
for the .beginning of negotiation but
mad no definite concessions, .
Admirals Capps. head of the United
State bmcrgency Fleet eorporaton, an
nounced a shipbuilding program 'that
will, bring America' merchant marln to
2100 ships of 14.500,000 tons before the
loee of 1919. ; -. . - . r- -. . . - .
' Great Britain announced! the capture,
on September 30, of Mushald ridge, 80
miles northwest of Bagdad, on the
Euphrates, and. the taking of ' several
thousand prisoners. Including the Tur
kish commander Ahmed - Bey, 'and bis
staff. - - "
October-was a month of great activity
on almost all fronts. The British con
tinued to smash the German lines in
Flanders while the French cooperated at
various points on the west front. On
October 4, British troops penetrated the
German lines te the average depth of a
mile on the eight mile front between the
Ypree-Menln road and Langemarek
taking 3000 prisoners.. On October 23.
the French broke through the Oerman
lines north of the Alsne, inflicting heavy
looses and taking 8000 prisoners, ;
The great Ausjxo-Germaa 1 offensive
rcaList .the Italians was launched along
the laor.se front October 24 and within
0 days the Teuton forces had retaken
all the territory won by the Italian In
two months' fighting and bad overrun
all of northern Italy. On ' October 30,
the Auatro-Germana broke through the
Carnle Alps Into Venetia and captured
Udlne. the great railroad center in north
ern Italy. On October 31 - Berlin re
ported that ' 120.000 Itallaas ' and mora
than 1000 guns had been captured in the
operations up- to that time. - ?v
-. - . . la the Galf of Riga . . .
On the RusTisn front the activity cen
tered around the Gulf of Riga. On Oc
tober 13 the Germans captured part of
the Island of. Oesel and on the following
day they took Arenburg. capital of the
Island. On October 14 one Ruaslan and
two Oerman torpedo boats were sunk in
a naval battle near Oesel. On October
17-the'Oerma.BS took fall possession of
the Island of Oesel and on the following
day they took Moon Island from the
Ruseisns.
There was much activity in the air
during October. On the first day of the
month four groups of German airplanes
raided London and British coast towns.
On the same day French airmen made
reprisal raids on Frankfort. Stuttgart.
Treves and Coblens and the British
bombed the Zeebrugge locks. On October
19 the Germans made another air raid
on Lcadon. killing 34. but four Zeppelins
taking part in the raid were destroyed
in France while they were trying to re
turn. to their base.
Seeead Liberty Loan Overssbsrrlbed
The United States began to take i
more active part In the fighting during
October, the first American troops going
into the first line trenches in France
on October 23. - On October 17. the
American transport Antilles, returning
1 from France, was torpedoed and sunk.
with a lose of 87 Uvea. The second
American Liberty loan of $3,000,000,000
closed October 27 with an oversubscrlp
, tion of nearly $2,000,000,000. Several
more South' American nations took a de
I elded stand In favor of the allies in Oc
tober. Peru broke off diplomatio rela
tions with Germany October 8 and Uru
I guay took similar action the following
day. on. October zs Brazil aeciarea tne
existence of a stats of war with Ger
many. There were evidences of internal
disturbances in. Germany during the
month, . a mutiny of -German sailors at
Ostend being reported October IS. On
October 20, Count George von Hertllng
was . made imperial chancellor of Ger
many. Chancellor Michael la having re
signed. - '
On the sea. the chief event of the
month was the sinking by two German
raiders of two British destroyers and 12
f Scandinavian merchantmen they were
'convoying in the North sea on October
! 17. On October 21. the American trans
port Finland, returning from France, was
struck, by a torpedo and eight men were
killed.
Teatoa Drive oa Italy
Big events crowded fast upon each
other during the month of November.
The Italians, after reforming their lines
back . of the Tagltamento river, were
forced to execute a further retreat fall
ing back to the Plave river, behind which
they made a determined stand against
the invading forces. On November 17
the Teutons crossed the Plave at Zenson.
but were annihilated. The Italians, re
inforced by British and French armies,
which reached the Italian front Novem
ber 25, withstood repeated attacks
launched by the Austro-German armies,
holding their lines at all points along the
Plave. ;
On November '20 the British opened
one of the greatest offensives of the year
on the west front between 8t. Quentln
and the Scarps. In a surprise attack
begun without the usual artillery prep
aration, the British Infantry, under Gen
eral Byng, headed by a large force of
tanks, smashed through the Hlndenhurg
line toward Cambral. taking many towns
nd thousands of prisoners.
During ths
next few days furious fighting took
place around-Cambral. a railroad center
which waa the center of German com
munications behind the lines. On No
vember 24 the British won Bourlon
woods, which was regarded as a ksy to
Cambral.
. Bolshevik! Revolt I Ra!(
Russia was thrown into civil war dur-
Tomorrow, the Las
and Buy Factory Clearance Sale , Pianos and
fin s 1r.TITll fi.'ll T
wnflr !Nn 'Wiii .'ntiii i in
i es
'.$165.
SS Cash, 86 Mtaly
900 1915 Model
SIO Cash, -.
3)8 Meataly.
SS,c,'.."',$245
SB Meats!. He Is
lereeU Asrlsg 941A.
Total. Saving. 8142.M.
T" 71
9810 1919 Model QQC
410 fill; 093
SIO Ktsly.5e is.
teresU - Ma via g 9T7.4.
Total Bar tag $88240.
,1000 Player Roll All
Order Your Piaiib
Tour dOT Or Sift WSrklnr m w t
v"7 vr sin woriinr can ava
lK'J-yV BC7IM-WE PS E PAT AK1 MAKE rBC8 DELIVEKf Or" P1ASO TO 1ULB UOMK within 800
nd tne piano will be shipped subject to exchange within on year, w. Allowing the tuH amount paid. This vir
Ive you one-year triaT of the plan yon order.. - ; A': i-
mnea, ana
tually give
PISa Or MSTSNflkM vtmmmA ii ... I . lr I W M-itmm
aOH, lr?m "nufacterer of theee new muncal Inatrvment. Open Monday, WedneeAy and Saturday eve-
Mngs durttg this sale. THS STOBE THAT CBAKtiCS SOUfEBUT. - -
Special: War
kjong
ress-.
Declaration of War Followed by Prompt Enactment of , Leglsla
h; tion Necessary to the Successful Prosecute
- ?, ,:: -"" -' tW Of ; Ho stilltiVsV - - ' V T
npHE first "war session of the Sixty-!
I fifth congress which opened on April
2. waa the most momentous session
tn the history of the United Btatea up to
that time. Onlhe night of April X Pres
ident Wilson appeared before the senate
and house of representatives In Joint
session and delivered an address In
which he declared that Germany was
already waging warfare upon The Unit
ed States and calling upon congress to
recognise the state of bet Igerency. - On
the same night there waa introduced In
both houses a Joint resolution authoriz
ing and directing the president te em
ploy the entire naval and military forces
of the United States and- the resources
of the government - to carry on war
against the imperial - Oerman govern
ment. ,- - "' t -a "-'- :
Wsr , ReselaUea Passed
The war resolution, waa passed, by the
senate April 4 by a vote of 82 to six and
by the house on. April 5 by-a vote of 373
to 70, It waa signed by President Wil
son April 8 -
The first war bill passed by congress
was one . authorizing the .Issuance of
bonds to an amount not exceeding $5,
000.000,000 and authorizing the secretary
of the treasury to purchase securities of
governments at war with Germany to
the amount of $3,000,000,000. A confer
ence report on this bill was adopted by
both houses April 24 and was approved
by President Wilson on the same day
The army conscription -act, authorizing
ths raising of all organizations of the
tegular army to full war strength, the
drafting into federal service of the na
tional guard and national guard r
serves, and the drafting of a force of
600,000 men upon the principle of uni
versal liability to service, with provision
for a second draft of 500,000 men at the
discretion of the president, was passed
by the house April 23. by a vote of 397
to 24 and by the senate on May 1 by a
vote of 81 to eight.
A bill temporarily increasing the
strength of the active list' of the navy
from 87.000 to 150.000 and of the marine
corps from 17.400 to 30,000. waa passed
in the form of a conference report on
May 19.
War Appropriation Made
The first big war appropriation bill,
carrying appropriations aggregating $3.-
281.094.64L80 for the army and navy,
was passed in the house May 2 with one
opposing vote, and in the senate May 19
without a roll call.
-The' measure known As the espionage
acV intended to prevent dialoyal acts
on the part of residents of . the United
States and also - containing - provisions
giving the president power to place an
embargo on exports,; was ; finally ap
proved by both house and senate tn the
form of a conference report on June 12.
A bill appropriating $840,000,000 In a
ing the month by a counter revolution
by means of which the Maxim II lata, un
der the leadership of M. Lenlne. seised
the government at Petrograd on Novem
ber 8. Premier Kerensky fled from Pet
rograd and other members of ths cabinet
of the provisional govsrnmeni wer ar -
rmveo. uvoiuvoi aw ievt -
ernment made Lenin premier. Keren
sky. t the head of a body of loyal Cos
sack troop, attacked Petrograd Novem
ber 12. but was badly defeated. Heavy
fighting also took place in Moscow, where
Uie-Bolshevik!, aa th robe) forces are
called, gained a decisive victory Novem
ber 17. The Bolahevlkl wer apparently
tn full control of Russia by November
22, when the Lenlne government pro
posed a general armistice to all belliger
ents. On November 22 Ukralns declared
Itself 'separated , from Russia, and on
November 24 the Caucasus declared its
independence from Russia.
American troop on th west front
suffered their first casualties November
I, when Oerman troop raided a salient
held by the Americans, killing three,
wounding. fivo and taking 12 prisoners.
On November 5, the American ; patrol
boat Aleedo wa sunk by a torpedo and
21 were lost. . On November T, an Amer
ican commission, headed by Colonel K.
M. House, reached England. en route to
Paris, to attend a war conference of the
allies. ' " "
General Diaz, on November f. was
made commander of the Italian armies,
succeeding General Cadorns, who had
been In command since ths beginning
of the war. . . "-'-.
British troops mads decisive gain In
Palestine during the month. The eap
ture of Beersheba was announced N
tDaytbSavemt
Real; Saving of $120.00 toS390.00 : :
It send horn a Piano
f 17 - "
our expense, ana
Mechlne
home balance
1
noc
33
'.
$550 Rilatr f0C
5 Csila ... 103
g. Monthly.. - ;r
t475 1912 Model fOtiC
lO Cash, . !
It Mostsly. . He Is.
feresU Savlag 87 JV
Total Savlag flUJa,
inr,i nn rxz rTittr-- n m $4. $7 Tiing
88 Note Principally Hnd Played, 5c, 10c, 30c,: 40c, Etc
By Mail MHy.
s ruh ud is tnantn iv. wiUMMit interest.
& .i. miJt CS niiMk l t Km i f Int. r..f .
Session o
Momentous
ducUon of all types of aircraft.-guna. .
armament, aviation fields, barracks, etc..
an for the pay and eaumment of of
ficers and enlisted men In the air service, .
was paased without a record voU by the
senate on June 18 and by the house- on
June 28. v . -
The food control act, underwbJch .
broad powers were given to the preet
dent for the regulation of the sale of -food
and fuel and under the provisions -.
of which Herbert Hoovsr waa appointed
iooa anmtnistrator. waa passed . In . the
hoase June 23 by . a vote of 34$, to five -and
In the senate July 21 by a vote of
It to SIX. . .-...-.: .
Bead Itsaes Aathortaod
The-second great bond issue act. au
thorising 'Uie issuance i of bonds ta tbe
amount, of $7.eJS.94e.04O and war sarins s
certifies tee to the amount of 1 1.000.000.- .
ooo was paased la the house September
by a viva voce vote and tn the senate ' -
September 15.
The revenue act, first introduced in
the house Msy 9. waa passed by the
house May 23 but waa not paased by the
nate until September 10. The con- ,
ference - report waa accepted October 2. -'
The measure provides for the raising of '
nearly $3,000,000,000 annually. - largely .
from IncoEos and excess profits taxes. -
Tbe second big war appropriations act.
carrying a total of $5,358488,018.93. In-
fluding $625,000,000 additional for the ,
esosrgency snipping rune waa appro vea .
by the president October 8.
The nallitary and naval Insurance act.
providing for governmental family al- ,
lowancea. f or compensation for death or
disability of soldiers and sailors in serv- -,
ice and making provisions for additional -I
Insurance at low cost, was adopted by
both houses in the form of s. conference -report
October 5. " " -
The second session of ,the stxty-furta
congress convened December 2 and on
the opening day of the session received
estimates from the secretary - of the '
treasury calling for appropriations ag- :
gregatlng $13,018,72594.
Early in the session both houses of
congress began searching Investigations
Into various phases of the war activities
of the United States. Ths senate com- 1
mlttee on military affairs began an in
vestigation of the war department, a
house committee opened an Inquiry into
the affair of the navy department and
other Inquiries Into the activities of the
food commission, the shipping " board
and other governmental departments
wsre begun. . " .
In a proclamation. December - 28,
President Wilson declared that begin
ning' December 23, the railroads would
be operated by the government for the
period of the w r and appointed Secre
tary McAdoo as director general of rail
roads. : :
- - - - - - - - i '
vember 1 and on November S the British ;
took Tekrit after a hard battle. Gaza ,r
was taken November 7 and Jaffa No
vember 17. followed in December by the
capture of Jerusalem. - . i
War Declares. o,Attrla
i , Jnifd Statosy extended the
cop of its war activities by a 'dee-,
laration of d stats - of - war t with. -Austria-Hungary,
road by oongroM
on - December 7. following, a request
for such -action mads by President .
Wilson In his message deUvtrd "at -th
opening of th second", session
Of the sixty-fifth congress on Decem
ber 4. In this message - President
Wilson declared that nothing will turn
the United States' aside from ' IU task .
vntS th war -1 won. Th i first
American warship was lost on Decern
ber 8. when th destroyer Jacob Jones -wa
sunk by a Oerman submarine
with a loss of 84 men. - It waa an
nounced early In ' December that
large number of national guard troop
had arrived in- Franc from the :
Unttod Ststs. unit from every tt -being
Included One of the interest
lng events of the month wa th oe-.
cupation by British force on Decem
ber 10 of Jerusalem, which ' had', been '
for 872 year under, the ondlsputed
sway of th Moslems. - "" ; ," ?
German destroyers mad . - another
raid In th North Sea December 17.
sinking one British and lv ntutra!
merchantmen, a British destroyer and
four mine sweeper, i
Ths
fa the vorld w tk Uem
Tse eae
hah I oniaU b
is Thrift-
erest
Player fianos. at a
for New Tear' day. ItTf h
you J"-? 'Tic .".',:'.
6c 75c 81 weekly.
147$ Kreegsr :
flS Cask.
S6 Meathly. V
A
$I35:
1750 1917 Slagar 13C
HO Cash. -812
Meatkly.
- IS
$850 1918 Model Cffl
m 28 Cash, - ;)30U
Il4 Mestkty. e Is.
Unit.. Aavlsg UN.
Total Savlag $..
450 Grade
d37.50
S30 Cesa.
81ft Meaikly. Tie Is.
(rest. . Mavis g flftJS.
TetsJ.Ssvlsg IULH.
aUtr, prices sad no Uteres! for tit
1U tear way w have aaaersss of
ann se
rw4 mtiaifal A rw. . Cm i -
Af ..tl.M(u -, -