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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (May 20, 1917)
4 THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY -MORNING, MAY 20,! . 1917. t .he t'l ,AN INDEPENDENT NSWSPAPEB C. S. JACKSON Publisher Published rrr d7, afternoon and morning . , (Mwpt Sunday afternoon) at The Journal BalMing, Broadway and Yamhill aU-eeta, i Portland, Or. Altered at Ute poatofflce at Portland, Or., for Transmission tarougn tne mail aa aecond i daw matter. THLEPHONKtj Main 7173; Home. A-anci. All di'prtnt r-acbl by tiieae nnmtHTi. ' Tell Uie operator what department jou want. rOtLEION ADVKRT1SINQ REPRESENTATIVE Benjamin A KenUior Co.. Brunswick Bid., 226 Fifth Art.. New York. 1218 People'! Oaa Bldg.. CTolcago. Bubarrlptkm Inrtii by mall or to any address r in tne united miiM or Mexico: DAILY (MORNING OR AFTERNOON) One year 15.00 One month 1 .50 SUNDAY One year fi.oO I One month $ .25 DAILY M0RNIN OR AFTERNOON) AND SUNDAY One year (7.50 One month .65 Haste In not always speed. We must IrajD to work and wait. This Is like Cod, who perfect his works through beautiful gradation. Mollere. FRANKLIN AND FREDERICK F REDERICK THE GREAT of Prussia sent Washington a sword after the Revolution had been fought and won, but was no friend to liberty. In "the times that tried men's souls" Benjamin Franklin went to Kin? Frederick to ask for men and money. "To what use would you put my men?" inquired the king. "To win our freedom," Franklin answered. Frederick did not rel ish the idea. "I am a king my self," he said, "and you ask me to help despoil my brother of Eng land." Franklin did not get any help from him but he did from France. There was a great celebration at the Sorbonne the other day in hon or of the new IrlenaSUlp DetWeen I France and the United States. Old tales were revived made present. and the M. Lacour Gayet told how the i ai,n iieei sanea rrom Toulon to ' aiQ our ratners in their fight and & spoke of its welcome in American -waters. To point the moral he wi me siory or rranKiin ana rreaeriCK tne ureat. It fitted th occasion admirably well. Kings tood by one another in those days ana iney nave aone so ever since, It is said that every throne in Europe sympathized with the kai- wr l lue Beginning or me war. it " o luc jcuiic niiu Da V cu r iancu and England and brought Russia ,in on the right side. There is SO much to do that no- body has time to read the alder manic charters to find out what is taxes in order to throw all the ln in them. Besides, after readine them, average folks might not be able to discover all the jokers. The best thing to do under such cir--cumstances is to vote them both down and wait until there is more time to calmly and carefully con f aider changing the form of gov i ernment. TAXES OR BONDS? A" MONG the university nrnfps- sors who have signed the me- morial to congress against I rea(l the advertisements of corpora mammoth bond issues here- t'on bond issues in the newspa- after are some of the highest eco- nomic authorities in the world Such men as Irving Fisher of Yale Leon Carroll Marshall of Chicago university and Thomas Nixon Car- ver or Harvard nave no superiors In the field of taxation. mt. s . inese eminent experts argue powerfully against all bond issues except such as are required for im mediate necessities and loans to the allies. To raise whatever other money is needed for the war they recommend four measures. , First, a tax to take "substantial ly all special war profits." Second, a lowering of, the income .tax - exemption. . Third, "a drastic Increase of in- . Third, "a drastic Increase of In- I come tax rates as incomes in- . come tax rates as Incomes in li ' crease." 1 ' tFourth. high taxation of ln-r. t,Fourth, high taxation of lux- urles. No candid person can dispute that these measures are fair and con- tributory to the public welfare. A sharply graduated income tax hr. v Ing heavily on swollen incomes is particularly beneficial to the public. Nothing of weight can be said "' " against it and a great deal can be said lor It. one or its greatest merits is its tendency to distribute wealth some- what more fairly than we have been .doing. The objection that an income tax severe enough to con- script swollen wealth would "ham- per industry" is silly. Swollen fortunes prey upon industry. They do not help it. But let us admit lor a moment the foolish conten- won that new industries are tarted by the savings of the rich" and see how it works out. 'll it is true, it means necessarily , that our industries are falling more i anc) more completely into the hands or lew ; millionaires, since tneyi3 pathetic. The fuss and flurry FACING A TRANSPORTATION CRISIS A' LL the. railroads of America have been called upon by the War Board of the American Railroad association to readjust their service so . as to make available the maximum transportation energy for moving food, fuel, material and troops. - This is the first step In a policy outlined in this series of articles as certain to come to pass. It will not be long until all will be made to realize that we are 'in a state of war, not peace. And it Is not at all unlikely that this realization will be first brought home to the puulic by the transportation systems. It is hoped by limitation of service, the abandonment of certain trains and various other economies in railroad operation to release 4000 locomotives now in use on American roads for service in Europe. A proportionate contribution of cars for European service is also Bought. This is to be a part of America's contribution to the allies in the war. In the list of economies recommended by the War Board's com mittee, there appears to be no notice of the routing of traffic over unnatural and round about routes. The ignoring of this weighty consideration is doubtless due to the fact tbat all the men on the committee are railroad men and their private interests run counter to the public interest. Julius Kruttschnitt is authority for the formula that the locomo tive energy required to move a ton of traffic over one foot of adverse track will move the load 466 feet over a level track. The statement is of record in testimony given by a high railroad official at an Inter state Commerce commission hearing at' which the Southern Pacific line was justifying higher rates for over-mountain hauls. The War Board should study this testimony. The Kruttschnitt formula Is being ignored with great resultant waste in the routing of traffic over mountain hauls in many parts of the country where level hauls are equally available. There are cases in which nine or ten locomotives are used to carry overhigh mountain lines the same heavy freight that could be hauled to market by one locomotive along a water level track. This is constantly the case with traffic hauled over the mountains to Puget Sound for offshore shipment when tidewater can be reached at Portland, Oregon, on a level track. 'A natural rout ing of traffic in this and other localities would release more locomo tives for use by the allies than all the changes proposed by the War Board committee combined. Railroad operation on mountain lines is exceedingly difficult and wasteful. Cars can only be loaded at certain height above the track because of fear of derailment and through loss of center of gravity. The braking power of the loaded and empty cars have to be added in to get sufficient braking energy to There must not only be added locomotives to lift the loaded cars up the ascending grade, but additional up the grade again after they have In the descent of the train from the This information is derived from assistant superintendent of transportation of the Southern Pacific before the Interstate Commerce commission. Mr. McDonald testified that frequent stops had to be made on descending grades to discover whether or not the car wheels had become heated. Heating from pressure of the brakes cracks the wheels and increases the danger of wreck. On this subject, Mr. McDonald's testimony is as follows: Of course the wear of brake shoes is stant application of air brakes to control the movement of a train down the hill causes very heavy wear on brake shoes, and brings up the hazard of derailment, because constant application of the brake shoe will heat the wheel. If, the wheel gets too hot it will crack and then we will have a de railment. To overcome that we make frequent stops coming down the hill for the purpose of cooling the wheels Now all of those items contribute operation not found in the valleys. AND I COULD TELL. OP 150 OF THOSE THINGS, I BELIEVE, BUT THOSE ARE REPRESENTATIVE. Tho mvprnmPTif or stria War n,,,,.,, nrrmUcln n onmn ntfeav aiVht Q Pacific. Northwest. "With the rOJintrv somebody should get the bottom facts as to enormous wastage of lo comotive power and car power in the the Great Northern, Northern Pacific if they will probe this situation where, they can release enough locomotives and cars to go a long way to -meet the. demands of Europe and save this country from the ruinous effects of inadequate transportation The single item of 150 cars of Boy bean oil hauled from Seattle past Portland through California and thence to New Orleans and on to Cincinnati, 4176 miles, when if routed direct the destination couli have been reached in only 2483 miles, is a sufficient wasteful routing on which to base an investigaton. That foolish routing resulted in a waBte of cars alone sufficient to have carried 112 cars of wheat from Portland to Chicago, to say nothing are the persons whose "savings for new investments" are the largest, Vf arc nskprl therpfor hv thp advnrated nf nliitorratir- nil, tn re- frain from Imnnslne- sevrn Inonmn hands of a close little oligarchy of money. This is hardly an inviting pros pect. Fortunately it is not true that new industries are financed i from "the savings of the rich They are financed either by bank credit or by selling bonds to peo ple of moderate means. Every body knows from his own experl- ence how it is done. If he needs further' information he need only PerB Is 11 because Commissioner Daly r e d u c e d tne appropriation for sireei cleaning irom jo,uuu io $230,000 and reduced tne appro priation for the water department from $1,730,000 to $889,000 that he is being traduced and villified? Do the people not want the cost of government cut? Is it true in Portland that a public official must be condemned because he has made reductions never equalled probably in any other city? IAN HAY TAN HAY BEITH'S war book. I "The First Hundred Thousand,' is as amusing as an account of a terribly serious affair can be. He tells his readers how the first Brltlsh soldiers who went over to nelp ine French were licked and klckd into fighting trim. And lBen he proceeds to tell how faith rully they fought after they got up on ine ground. War was as remote from Urn Hf ordinary Englishmen two years ago as u is from Americans todav. iney paid professionals to fight rr them while they stayed at home and enjoyed the benefits. All this 18 changed now. Every citizen of tne British Empire has become either a soldier or a soldier's sun Prt- War has grown into their daily routine as it may grow into ours before we are done with it. "Ian Hay" describes this process of chanee. it w. fn i-..-v- ble Incidents. The raw recruit upon the drill ground outa-a indiimn. figure. The ignorance of tha vnnn officer taking his first lesiinna i as absurd as his devotion to duty wrecks jn rounding sharp curves cars in a train Is not sufficient, descending heavy grades in order keep the trains from running away locomotives to haul the empty earn been userl for braking purposes summit. the testimony of J. G. McDonald, another item of expense. The con and inspecting the train. a very heavy expense to mountain Rnnrd mmmlttoa nr tho Tntm-atota D1tt)inr(, .V,n1J 1- ik. a ,v. faring a rHaia in rrnnnnnrnMrvTi Pacific coast territory served by and Union Pacific lines, and carry the investigation other. at home In the waste of locomotive power. of preparation by people who- do not know how to nwnar. a u of smiles for a detached observer Ian Hay smiles continually, though he was scarcely detached, being himself part of what he de scribes. The stories in his war book that amuse and exasperate one most thoroughly deal with the red tape thickheadedness of the insti tution that he calls "Olympus." Dickens called it "the circumlocu- tion office." It is the institution that calmly allows troops to go hungry and diseased because a strand of red tape i intervenes between them anl food and medicine. We saw a good deal of It In the Spanish war. Britain had plenty of it at the be ginning of the war but she has got rid of it now. It lost the expedi tion to Gallipoli for her among other effects. "Ian Hay" describes at length the workings of the Circumlocution Office, vexing and delighting" his readers. He is said to be a lively lecturer who keeps his auditors wide awake to the end of the story A band of earnestly patriotic wom en are working to make his ap pearance in Portland notable this 1 - i . .a. wees. since tne returns will go to the Red Cross we all feel like seconding their efforts. Who prepared the aldermanic charters and what did they put in them? Who knows? What kind of an act would it be to vote out a charter in the preparation of which years of study by well known pub lic committees were spent, and vote in two aldermanic charters about which nobody knows any thing? SIR STANLEY'S FLOWERS T HERE has been a great deal of comment in the English speaking world upon the proc lamation which Sir Stanley Maude issued to the people of Bag dad when he captured that famous city from the Turks the other day. The proclamation was a flowery production, fairly, blooming with luxuriant figures, of speech after the manner of the Arabian Nights. England was at first disposed to snickerover Sir Stanley's rhetoric but second thought revealed the ornamental elaborations in ' a dif ferent light. . Tha oriental mind likes that sort of thing. It does not understand the severe, matter- of-fact straightforwardness which Anglo-Saxons demand. Unless ruler Interludes frequent remarks about nightingales 'and rosea they shudder at his barbarism and set him down for a bloodthirsty tyrant. Much current 'misunderstanding of .the Scriptures arises from our overlooking the singularities of ori ental psychology. The Bible ws written by men of the East and primarily for their own people. . Its language is therefore often flowery and rhetorical. Those who under stand it literally are therefore in serious danger of missing its real meaning. THE CONFERENCE DEAS are Yitaljthings. Release them and sooner or later they will be found energizing som-j practical plan as the dynamo is belted to and operates the ma chinery of Industry. The great utility of the Com monwealth Conference Just closed at the University of Oregon is its freeing of ideas. Ideas that crys tallize through the join delibera tions of those who are active in the many phases of effort to advance the economic and human welfare of the state. Ideas that reveal like searchlight flashes the increased power of coordinated programs. Ideas that lodge like seeds which germinate and grow toward frui tion in the lives of students who are to be tomorrow's men and women of affairs, but even more giving new hope and definiteness to the aspirations of today's sol diers in the army of the common weal. Thus the conference showed the immediate necessity of mobiliza tion of the state's resources in la bor in order to serve the demands of agriculture and industry in the nation's emergency. It indicated how wise method and broad char ity may lessen the dead weight of the state's care of its defectives. It pointed pertinently toward the translation of the architect's and engineer's vocabulary on the city and rural plan Into terms expres sive of the viewpoint and appeal ing to the city business man and the rural resident. It brought home In a new and illuminating manner the broad statesmanship embodied in the project of the league to enforce peace. It gave opportunity to go into the various movements of tax reform. It furnished through the speakers of the final session important Information as to Ore gon's forest resources and proper land colonization policy. Professor Young anJ his asso ciates,- who prepared be program for the conference, are -to be con gratulated on having rendered a service of worth to their state. The orgy of spending that char acterized the last two and one- half years of aldermanic govern ment in Portland should be enough In Itself to defeat tho proposed aldermanic charters. Nineteen mil lion dollars of the people's money was poured out by the council in public improvements. It was an orgy of expenditure. It was a carnival of extravagance, and many of the bills are still unpaid because prop erty owners have in this long time been unable in many instances even to pay the interest on bonds issued for street paving. And large, sections of the paving are already disintegrating. SPARE ONLY US E VERY separate interest hit by the war tax emits a howl of protest. "Can't you see that our case Is exceptional?" Such is their cry. Of course others ought to do their bit. Others ought to bear their share of war burdens, but how can you have the cruelty to tax us? This is the common attitude. Congress, one is thankful to no tice, is not likely to pay much at tention to protests against the war tax. The country simply must have the money and there is no other way to get it. ' The proposal to vote out effi cient commission government for inefficient and everywhere discred ited aldermanic government is so surprising that it seems impossible that the plan would be adopted. But the trouble is that the friendd of commission government are smugly taking it for granted that the aldermanic plan is so absurd that it will defeat itself. That might turn out to be a terrible mistake. An aggressive and far reaching campaign is being made for the proposed change, and com mission government people are sleeping at the switch. HOPE FOR RUSSIA 1 T HE sky looks brighter over Russia. For a few days there was a terrible likelihood that the course of events would follow the example of the French revolution. That world-shaking up heaval began with the bourgeois like the Russian revolution. But it presently fell into the bands of the proletariat whose fantastic, the ories and violent Impulses led on to the Terror. The Russian proletariat have now gained much power in revonition ary circles but apparently the more moderate of them are leading. The extreme socialist element has calmed down somewhat. Perhaps It has been pacified by the wise expedient of giving cabinet places to some of its chiefs. Russian socialism is full of prom ise for human welfare. It is per meated with the spirit of Tolstoi, 'which is another n'ame for prima- tlve Christianity. If Its principles can be made to work in the govern ment of a great empire friends of mankind will rejoice. The notion that the Christian religion is all very well for women and sick peo ple but will not work in govern ment may turn out to be Inade quate. Letters From the People (Communications sent to The Journal for publication In tnla department should be writ ten imi only one side of the pser, sboald not exceed 3ho wurda In length and must be ac companied by tbe name and address of the vender. If tne writer does not desire to bare tbe name published be should so state. 1 Mr. Josselyn's "Answer." Portland, May 19. To the Edi tor of The Journal Mr. Joaaelyn'a "answer" to the letter appearing- In The Journal recently, in which he reeks to show the writer's "misin formation" about Mr. . Josselyn, does not "answer" anything, so as you could notice It. Mr. Josselyn goes on to some length to prove his connection with various corporations in Baltimore and New York, and successfully es tablishes the fact which nobody could or would deny that Mr. Josselyn 1 ind has been, ever since he was knee high to a grasshopper, a corporation tool, to be used when occasion required and cast aside when his usefulness was at an end, just as I stated in my former letter had been the case in Portland. No one was. or will be oolish enough to argue that Mr. Josselyn came to Portland a poor, lorn soul, without friends or experience, and at once was popped -Into the presi dency of the Portland Railway, Light & Power company at one fell swoop. Corporations don't do business Ju&t that way. But it may as well be remembered that Portland 14 yeats ago and the Portland Railway company 14 years ago were not the Portland nor th railway system of today. Mr. Josselyn was in the employ of certain eastern interests, and for certain reasons had outlived his usefulness there, and the little Jerkwater system In the tht-n illag-e of Portland offered a chance dispose of him where he couldn't lo much harm and might do some ood, in worming some nickels out of he western E. Z. Marks. Mr. Josselyn had ability in organizing and in money making, undoubtedly, and as the city grew he endeavored to keep up with it. But Portland moved too fast 'or him. Anyone who lived In Portland uring Mr. Josselyn's time and patro nized his system knows that Mr. Josse lyn was never able to keep In sight of Portland s coat tails after she got into er stride, and Mr. Josselyn's railway ystem was In such a state when he let go of it that in some sections the people were making open threats of earing up the track, because his serv ice was so absolutely Inadequate that it got to be considered a disgrace to the city. The eastern people who put up the money for Mr. Josselyn's actlv ities came out here, some of them, and oon decided tnat Mr. Josselyn had outlived his usefulness In Portland, ax ne naa done before in the east, and hat if he was continued here much longer there would be open anarchy, and that under those conditions a new head of the system was the only salva- lon. And this time there was no pretense of transfer or change to another job, but the directors proceeded to "reso lute'1 that Mr. Josselyn was a mlehtv fine man and they hoped he would u-ttain all the success to which he was entitled on some other job, and In the employ of someone else. They were. t seems, through with him. And since that time the railway systems of New York, JBaltimore and Kansas City and Portland have had to worry along ine cesi tney couia without Mr. Josse lyn's services. It has been a hard blow to them, hut they have been able to weather the storm. Mr. Josselyn's system in Portland made money. Just as everyone else in Portland durinsr inose prosperous times made money now in tne name or common sense could he prevent it, when there was no opposition tnat he couldn t buy up men were wininEr to work for 12 50 Jay of 16 hours, and Mr. Josselyn was never known to buy a new car or repair an old one? And- besides, there was the complacent old city council prepared to give him anything he wanted for the asking or a little more. Indeed, It has: been said that Mr. Josselyn got to think so much of Mr. Baker during th period of Mr. leakers most strenuous service in the old council that he even furnished 49 per cent or so of the money to build ine tsajter tneatre. l can t vouch for tne accuracy of this latter assertion. but It has been made, and the records of tne corporation will doubtless show ihe writer does not pretend to know all the crooks and turns in the careers of these two worthies, ar.d neither does ne preiena to be quite ignorant of mem. Ana most of the things here enumerated will be common knowledge io a. majority, pernaps, or those who nave lived in Portland 10 years or so CITIZEN. PERSONAL MENTION Seaweed Expert Here. Professor X. L. Gardner of the bo tanical department of the University of California is registered at the Mult nomah hotel on his way to Hoquiam, wasn., wnere he is to begin lnvestlga tlons for the government on the amount of food material contained in seaweed. Mr. Gardner expects to visit all the towns along the coast on the work. a Mrs. H. Kincaid of La Crosse. Wis.. is at. ine fortiana. W. B. Woods from Pendleton Is at the Perkins. A. Emerson Cross of Aberdeen Is a: the Multnomah. C. M. Eberhart from Salem is at the Oregon. W . E. Bohle of Lebanon is at the Imperial. Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Sherman of Hood River are at the Cornelius. J. O. Rice of beattle is registered at the Carlton. C. E. Firell of Eugene Is at the Port land. Rev. W. P. Elmore of Brownsville, Or.. Is at the Perkins Charles L. Baker of Corvallis is at the Multnomah. F. R. Edmonson of Eugene Is at the Oregon. S. W. Nystrom of Washougal, Waso., is registered at the imperial. "V. G. Ballcfn of Antelope, Or., Is at the Cornelius. Mr. and Mrs. R. L. Tlreman of San Francisco are registered at the Carl ton. Roy Hennigh of La Grande Is at tho Portland Charles B. Gay of Medford is at the Perkins. Sara Bard Field of San Francisco Is registered at the Multnomah. . Wayne Stuart of Albany, Or., is at the Oregon. W. E. Len&non is at the Imperial Stanley Riches of Silverton is at the Cornelius. Harris Mitchner of New York oity is at tne uariton. Grace P. Glllett of Corvallis Is at the Portland. Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Marshall of Eu TO THE NATIONS OVERSEA By Clarkson 0 Hi Motherland across the sea. Imperial Mistress of the deep, Didst think when dangers threatened thee That thy great Daughter was asleep? Australia, from the far south comes With martial tread and rolling drums And Canada from out the west Sends on her bravest and her best. To Duty's call we are not dumb. Oh! Motherland We come, we come. Oh! Glorious France, in bygone days Thy standard waved o'er forests wild Where now our citadels upraise; And we are still they foster child." Thy soldiers fought with Washington; And Lafayette, thy greatest son, With Rochambeau, from o'er the sea. Helped bs achieve our liberty. Oh! Peerless Land, we are not dumb. Oh! Glorious France We come, We come. Oh! Nation of the Great Northland Who threw the century's chains aside And took with an imperious hand The rights the Romanoff denied, " Thy noble stand for human rights, Thy courage in the darkest nights, Thy love for us, when section-rent, Sustained our martyr President, To thy appeal we are not dumb. J Oh! Russia great- We come, we come. Oh! Belgium, shattered in the fight, Torn and dismembered by thy foes, Thy peerless contest for the right On history's record grandly shows. Thy stand for nationality A glorious triumph yet shall be. From thy great sufferings still shall come A consecrated Belgium. To thy distress we are not dumb. Oh! Begians brave We come, we come. Philadelphia Public Ledger. DEMOCRACY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW rateacea from the opening addreaa Elihu IUx.t aa president of the American Society of International Law at tha elewith annual medio of the roclety In Waahlngton, April 24. 1917. As we consider how it may be possi ble, to reestablish the law of nations upon a durable basis, we must realize that past experience Indicates that no system of law which depends upon the physical partition of the earth dic tated by the expediency of the time, no law which must be broken in order that living wrongs shall be redressed, or in order that the new ideas of the future may find room for growth, can be permanent. The greatest change In the conai- tions of national life during the past century has been In the advance ana spread of democratic government, and the correlative decrease In the extent and power of autocratic and dynastic governments. It Is Impossible to re gard the advance of democracy as be ing merely local or temporary. It has been the result of long-continued and persistent progress varying in differ ent countries according to the charac ter of the people, and the nature of the obstacles to be overcome, but, in Its nature, essentially the- same in all countries. The political conception of control from above by monarchs exercising divine right is not merely disputed oy philosophers and reformers; It has fad ed and grown dim in the minds of the millions of men in civilized nations, and In Its place has spread throughout the world the political conception of constitutional government exercising control by authority, of the people who are governed. The persistence and extent of this change In the political and social con ditions of national life forbid the idea that it is the child of individual minds or local provocations or temporary causes, and distinguish it as one of those great and fundamental move ments of the human -mind which no power can control, and which run their course Inevitably to the end in an un known future. The existence and as sured continuance of this procws of development of democracy is the great fact forecasting the future conditions under which the effort to reinstate the law of nations is to be made. Against the deep and settled purpose of a ruling family or a ruling aristo cratic class to enlarge its power, con tinuing from generation to generation, usually concealed until the favorable moment for action comes, always Jus tified or excused by Rpecious pretexts. the advocates of peace. Justice or hu manity or law are helpless, ah otner causes of war can be reached, inter national misunderstandings cn be ex plained away. IMsllkes and suspicions can be dissipated by intercourse, ami better knowledge, and courtesy, and kindness. Considerate Justice can pre vent real causes of war. Rules of ac tion to prevent controversy may be agreed upon by diplomacy and confer ences and congresses. Honest differ ences as to national rights and duties may be settled by arbitration, or Ju dicial decision; but. against a deep and persistent purpose by the rulers of a great nation to take away the territory of others, or to reduce others to sub jection for their own aggrandizement, al' these expedients are of no avail. The congresses of Westphalia, of Vien na, of Berlin, and a multitude of others less conspicuous, have sought to curb the evil by setting limits upon power by treaty. They have all failed. Th peace conferences at The Hague have sought to diminish the evil by univer sal agreement upon rules of actjon. The rules and the treaties have become "scraps of paper." The progress of democracy, however. Is dealing with the problem by destroy ing the type of government which has shown itself Incapable of maintaining respect-, for lay and Justice and resist ing the temptations of ambition, and by substituting a new form of govern ment, which In Its nature Is incapable of proceeding by the same methods, and necessarily responds to different motives and pursues different objects from the old autocratic offenders. Only when that task has been substantially accomplished will the advocates of law among nations be free from the Inher itance of former failure. There will then be a new field open, doubtless full of difficulties of its own. but of fair hope and possibilities of success. There are some necessary features gene are registered at the Imperial. C. M. Eberhart of Salem is at the Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. M. Al Christen son of Camas, Wash., are at the Imperial. M. Adams of Walla Walla Is at the Carlton. Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Hoyle of San Francisco "are registered at the Wash ton. Edgar S. Hafer of Medford Is at tbo Portland. ' j. A. Guderian of Pendleton Is at the Perkins. U. L. Gill and C. L. Ogle of Wood- Clothier of democratic self-government which tend towards the progressive reduction of tendencies to international wrong-! doing. One Is that democracies are ab- solutely dependent for their existence upon the preservation of law. Autoc- racies can give commands and enforce them. Rules of action are a convent- ence, not a necessity for them. On the other hand, the only atmosphere in which a democracy can live between the danger of autocracy on one side and the danger of anarchy on the oth er is the atmosphere of law. Respect for law Is the essential condition of its existence lstence. j This characteristic of popular gov-'! ernments Is well illustrated by the 100 years of peace which we are all rather proud of. preserving throughout the 3000 miles of boundary between Canada and the United States without fortifi cations or ships of war or armies. There have been many occasions when the tempers of the men on either side of the line were sorely tried. The disputes regarding the northeastern boundary, the Oregon boundary, the Alaska boun dary, were acute; the affair of the Car oline on the Niagara river, the Fenian raid upon Lake Champlain, the enforce ment of the fisheries regulations, were exasperating and serious, but upon neither side of the boundary did' dem ocracy harbor those sinister designs of aggrandizement and ambition which have characterized the autocratic gov ernments of the world. On neither side was there suspicion of any such de signs in the democracy across the bor der. The Incapacity of democracies to maintain policies of aggression may be fairly inferred from the extreme reluc tance with which they Incur the ex pense and make the sacrifices neces sary for defense. Cherishing no secret designs of aggression themselves, they find it difficult to believe in the exist ence of such designs on the Dart of other nations. Only imminent and deadly peril awakens them to activity. It was this obstinate confidence in the peaceable Intentions of all mankind which met Lord Roberts (honored, trusted and beloved as he was) when long before the present war he vainly sought to awaken the people of Eng land to the danger that he saw so plainly in Germany's stupendous prep aration for conquest. It is well known that when the war came France was almost on the verge of diminishing her army by a reduction In the years of service. In our own country a great people, virile, fearless and loyal, have remained indifferent to all the voices crying In the wilderness for prepara tion, because the American people could not be made to believe that anything was going to happen inconsistent with the existence everywhere of those peaceful purposes of which they them selves were conscious. There is a radical incompatabllity be tween popular self-government and continuous military discipline, for mil itary control Is in Itself despotic. As compared with military autocracies, the normal condition of democracies is a condition of inferior military effi ciency. This invariable characteristic of democracy leaves It no option in Its treatment of autocracy. So long as mil itary autocracy continues, democracy is not safe from attacks, which are certain to come some time, and certain . .. to rind it unpreparea. ine conrnct is incviiduio ana uuivtruu, ana it is a l'outrance. To be safe democracy must kill its enemy when It carr and where it can. The world can not be half dem ocratic and half autocratic. It must be all democratic or all Prussian. There can be no compromise. If It is all Prussian, there can be no real Interna tional law. If It Is all democratic, in ternational law honored and observed may well be expected as a natural de velopment of the principles which make democratic self-government possible. The democracies of the world are gathered aboVit the last stronghold f autocracy, and engaged in the conflict thrust upon them by dynastic policy pursuing the ambition of rulers under claim of divine rlgh for their aggran dizement, their own glory, without re gard to law or Justice, or faith. The Issue today and tomorrow may seem uncertain, but the end Is not uncer tain. No one knows how soon the end will come.' or what dreadful suffering and sacrifice may stand between; but the progress of the great world move ment that has doomed autocracy can r.ot be turned back or defeated. That is the great peace movement burn are registered at the Washington. W. H. Hay of Forest Grove is at the Perkins. H. K. Mervln of Salem Is Oregon. at the J. D. Graham of Ashland. Or. Is at the Imperial Lena M. Judsoa of Forest Grove Is at the Washington. T. J. Berger of Eugene Is at the Ore gon. A. H. Mason of Walla Walla la at the Imperial. Sarah Lee Tuck of Seattle is at the Washington. . i - t i , ' .. Rajj Tag and Bobtail Stories From Everywhere j ! To thl column 1I redV of The Journal r luTlteil to contribute ortginal mattrr tn , Moo, lu Tvrs or lu philosophical obwi-Tatloti or striking quotation. fnu au.v aourrv. fno trltiutlons of exceptional uiwlt will be paid foe, at tbe edlior'a appraisal. The New Man With the Hoe. H1 K is not bowed with weight of cen turies now. He has the upward-looking and tbe light n The glory of life's dream Is on his brow Ajid forth with Joy from out the shad owing night He goes to Ud. to do his bt. to turn The fallow land to glory, sow the seed That In the light of summer gleams shall burn, And blossom for his count! y's hour of need. No lash upon him drives him. but he goes Free as the breath o" springtime to his task; Giving his country all the strength he knows. Forgetting now in dalliance to bask; Rising betimes to greet the aawn with Joy. To stride the furrow and with jocund mirth i. Iyttugli at his labor 111?: a rt.bust boy ' Keeling the throb and splendor of the earth. He is no peasant that the years have made A brute of darkness with his- blinded eyes. Seeing alone the shadow and the shade And not the morning splendor of the skies. He is a soldier of the timc that call On all earth's sons to do their part, to play Their rippling measures as the show--ers fall To kiss to life the Beed within the clay. He is the master of his dfstlny; He marks the tides of impulse and the surgo Of changing eras; he Is keen to see I The need of service and the patriot urge, ! And forth with swinging rtrlde of grace he goes; Before him bloom the acres that shall yield ! Th Brain, the fruit, the fragrance of i tne ros. And a11 the teeming harvests of the I field, . j ne w,ns tno wrs; he feeds the men who fight: He shares their service, and their struggle, too; He has the dream of duty for the right; And if his toil be 'raid the dust and dew. Instead of where the battle-cordons pass. HiB service Is as noble as the best This brother of the clover and the grass. With all a patriot's music In his breast. Folger McKinsey, In the Baltimore Sun. ; The Red Banner of Russia, j Political philosophers and pralsers I of times over and done with must I equally regard aa significant certain little things which the' war has brought to pass. Whether vou belong i to the one class or tbe other. If you have in these last few days walked or ridden along Fifth avenue in th region of the public library, says the New York Evening Post Magazine, you must have looked upon the flag-bedecked balconies of the Union League club, where the ensigns of all the allies are displayed. A swelling, of pride, a sobering sense of being in finlteslmally a part of the great com mon cause which links together the nations represented there something like that may very likely nave been the first reaction. Then you began to try if you could identify the flags. j In the group on the north balcony you ! picked out Japan and Belgium, an.l i could get no further. The big middle balcony seemed easier France, Eng land, Italy and what? What ought the fourth to be? Russia, of course. But the flag hanging where Russia ought to be is an all-red flag. With a start you realized that the red flag was Russia the new revolutionized Russia. And with another start, of conservative dismay, of ri-dicai de light, or possibly with a mere flash Of cynical amusement, you realized also that the Union league club, cit adel of Respectable, staid, solid, law abiding, property-conserving, protective-tariff cltltenshlp, was flying the flag of defiance to the established or der the red emblem of the radicals who are no respecters of courts, and who have proved themselves perfectly capable of tearing down tne Stars and Stripes and trampling on them. To be sure. It is not that disreputa ble red rag at all which hangs hon orably from the balcony. It Is the flag of the provisional government of the Russian republic; but well, how did the red flag come to be the flag of the Russian republic? Clearly the world Is not what It was before the war. A Costly Mistake. "Would the party kindly , return the sack of potatoes and 10 pounds of cab bage put In their Overland car by mis take at tf.e city market Tuesday morn ing?" anxiously inquires a loser. In a . ivanios vnj siar wa.ni ava. ; yy ill majte ' it worth whilA. Stall ?o ritv mrv.t Th Recruit. Leave your home behind, lad. And reach your friends your hand. And go, and luck go with you While Ludlow tower shall stand. Oh, come you home of Sunday When Ludlow streets are still And Ludlow bells are calling To farm and lane and mill. Or come you home of Monday When Ludlow market hums And Ludlow chimes are playing "The conquering hero comes." Come you home a hero. Or come not home at all. The lads you leave will mind vOM Till Ludlow tower shall fall. And you will list the bugle That blows in lands of morn. And make the foes of England Be sorry you were born. And you till trump of doomsday On lands of morn may lie. And make the hearts of comrades Be heavy where you die. Leave your home behind you. Your friends by field and town; Oh. town and field will mind you Till Ludlow tower Is down. A. E. Housman, "A Shropshire Lad.' Uncle Jeff Snow Bart: The Lord Is often quoted by people that don't git the Scripture straight. i f. aiL ln e lr"V ne. I SB. a aas fc' I v, ii vi v : BVIIW other preacher will say It all dlffer- ent. But If the Lord said, "The land j.t is mine and shall not be sold forever,-i' then somebody has got to show roe f " better title than I ever heerd of yet ! J to make me b'leve idle land can b ' confiscated when it is put to use f or raisin' things His children needs t eat. ; '- ' i , t- i V,' IT
