8
I-
-
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLANDS SUNDAY MORNINCS," MARCH 4, 1917.
MMINATION OF W&ELl OEUMBIA'SMOUTH lOON TO FORT OF PORTLAND
' 1 I ENTRANCE TO I
: 7cUw COLUMBIA RIVER
"' '
. i j . ,
Di6'rNEafS SWiTy ,633
1 M'
Low Watcr DcfTht 2qFcct
G
REATERCHANNEL
DEPTH ASSURED
By G. B. Hegardt.
Portland Commission of Public Socks.
AT'THIS time, when the people of
Portland are earnestly dlscusBing
Industrial and shipping prol)lems,
nd more particularly the reasons for
the apparent standstill and the decline
into which the porl'B deep sea shipping
'has fallen, and are consldeiingjKhat
means should be taken to rehabilitate
and Increase its water-borne commerce,
nd thereby Rain for Abe city the ben-
eflts which all active ports derive from
the full use of their fsw-iUties, it is im
portant to know Just wKat has ben
-done to remolclhe principal- obstacles
which for so niany years retarded the
development of the port; what has
been accomplished in this matter to
the present time, and what assurance
there is that the work done is of a
permanent nature.
The principal and most serious' fac
; tor which has been the great handicap
to the progress and growth of the port
wss the Insufficient entrance channel
depth at the mouth of the Columbia
rlver the Columbia river bar. To this
. more than to any other oause may be
laid the reasons for the difficulty In
attracting to the port vessels of the
regular lines, because-.: of the delays
to which such shipping was being sub
jected before the Improvement of the
Columbia river entrance had produced
the satisfactory channel conditions
which have existed since 1915.
, To cover this subject as fully as
possible, with the view of showing the
changes which have been brought
about, by the removal of the Columbia
river bar and the reaspns why the work
: accomplished should be of a permanent
. .nature, a brief reference must neces
sarily be 'made to the conditions which
existed before and during the construc
- Hon of the important government im
provements at the entrance and at the
-practical -completion of the same, sup-
- pletnented by charts showing the en
p trance conditions vhen jetty construc-
; tlon ws first undertaken, and at the
present time.
From the earliest known records- to
- the time the jetty work was well under
: way, the best entrance depth did not
- only when one .well defined channel
condition existed. It Is further known
that such oTle channel conditions were
of short duration, and that the readily
shifting sands at the entrance soon di
vided the currents into two or more
channels, with resultant and marked
shoaling, which in 1876 had reduced
the depths to only 20 feet, the worst
channel conditions of record.
In 1883 a project was adopted by
congress for the improvement of the
mouth of the river, and construction
- of the south jetty began early in 1885,
snd the survey chart of that year, here
with, shows the entrance conditions
existing at that time, which also, in
gener.!, apply to the-period of 1876
, to 1888, when the low water depth was
only about SOeet.
The- original Jetty,- four and one
fourth miles in length, was fully corn
's pleted in 4 895, at which time a wide
1 and straight channel with low water
' dpth of 31 feet had been procured,
one foot more than the project depth,
But wlng to the fact that the jettv
, aa constructed, did not extend a suf
ficient distance seaward either to con
trol the enormous sand movement or
the ebbing currents to the extent of
confining the channel in ja fixed posi
tion, the bar channel,; after 1896,
began to deteriorate, the! depth gradu
ally decreasing until thie year 1902?
when it was only 21 feet iat low water.
After 17 years, the bar Conditions, so
far as depth was concerned, were then
nearly identical with thqse which ex
isted in 1885, when jetty! construction
first began.
With the steadily increasing size of
vessels and the greatly increased ship-
pins of the port, the necessity for re
lief from these unfavorable bar condi
tions was more imperative than in
1883. A revised project for the perma
nent improvement of the? entrance was
adopted in 1903 and provided for a
channel having, a width of one-half
mile and depth of 40 feetjat low water.
and this was to be accomplished. by the
extension of the south jetty two and
one-half miles and the building of the
north jetty, approximately two and
one-half miles in length; the distance
between their outer ends to be about
two and one-half miles, j If necessary
to accomplish the desired result, the
Jetty construction was to be supple
mented by dredging.
Work under the revised project has
Deen energetically prosecuted and has
resulted In the completion of the south
Jetty and about 96 per cet of the north
Jetty,
To assist the Jetty construction in
deepening the entrance jto the river,
dredging was resorted to at various
times. The first attempt was in 1904,
when the dredge "Chinook" was oper
ated for a short season, i Kvery condi
tion connected with the! dredging op
erations at that time was unfavorable.
With a low water channel depth of 21
reet ana light draft of dredge of. 19
: '
Above, left to right-
-Entrance to the Columbia river from the United States engineers' surveys of 1916, 1913 and 1885 respectively. The soundings are in feet and show the depth of mean, lower, low water.
In 1916 the main channel showed 40feet. Below, left to right Barges carrying rock to Jetty; jetty under construction.
concentration of the river into one
channel and discharge it as a unit to
the sea were, the principal governing
factors upon whose accomplishment de
pended the permanency of the improve
ment, the natural forces at the en
trance being sufficiently powerful,
with properly, located permanent struc
tures, to maintain, in a fixed position,
a channel of great depth and width.
From experience gained at the mouth
of the Columbia river it Is apparent
that, even with the ebbing: currents
under practical control and trained to
exert the most effective results due
to concentration and increased velocity
produced by the jetty construction, the
principal deterrent factor in obtain
ing, within a relatively short period
feet, dredging on the ba was possible I of years, the contemplated channel
only at high tide and a smooth bar.
With such limited time for work, and
the bar channel in a shifting position.
areaging was an absolute failure.
wo attempt was made to resume
dredging until late in 1910, after the
"Chinook" had been remodeled to ma
terially reduce its draft and Increase
Its working capacity, anjl dredging op
erations were continued durine favor
able weather conditions' in 1911 and
1912, but the results obtained durine
these years did not mdicate increased
depth or other improvement of the
channel. This failure to nroduca in-
depth, was the large quantities of
sand, which were brought from the
south into the channel and there de
posited, greatly increasing tbe work
which had to be performed by the out
flowing waters. It is, therefore, read
ily seen that until the Improvement
had txee-n brought to the stage where
the sand, movement from the south
was controlled, or practically eliminat
ed? the effective deepening of the chan
nel was greatly retarded and the ex
pected results long delayed. ,
On the three charts of the Columbia
river" entrance presented herewith are
PAIN? NOT A BIT !
, LIFT YOUR CORNS
OR CALLUSES OFF
creasea cnannei aeptn was entlrelv du i... v, .,.. AHinl
.4,V, ... , . , , " I BUUf lk. 0V J liUCOi W VJ w B
" ? unaiaoie position or the en- configuration of the outer slope of the
h -iII. el tUliiJn16 SUPPly f bar " existed in 1885, at the com-
fntJ 7Z wfrnl j being carried mencement of jetty construction, and
into the channel from the south. w .h,,,- iin th rvroirrslve re-
9 9 I J - -vw r o t
These adverse conditions. However. I cession or wearing' away of the outer
have rapidly changed for the better, slope of Clatsop spit south of and n
All surveys of the entrance since 1912 the Immediate vicinity of tle south
show the channel fixed in position and Jetty, and the pronounced accumula-
the sand movement from the south tion of sand in the northwest quaa
controlled to such an I extent as to rant of the bar area, by the forces pre-
greatly minimize its effect on channel viously referred to
conditions. j I To begin with this erosion was very
To these favorable circumstances is I marked, but since 1902 it has greatly
due the important increase in channel I diminished until at the present time it
deepening which has resulted from the has practically ceased. Computations
dredging operations in j the last two made show that the sand eroded from
years. the area enclosed by the 1885 and 1916
It was during the year 1915. how-1 curves of the outer slope of the bar.
ever, that the most important gains insouth of the south Jetty, amounted to
the history of the improvement -were I approximately 150,000,000 cubic yards.
made. The north Jetty construction I Since 1914, there has been no appre-
was then well advanced and th d reris-A I ciable change, thus practically elim
was opera tea on a course which devel- mating me supply or sana wnicn pre
opments during the last! few years had vous to that time had' such deterrent
confirmed as the fixed and permanent Influence on the entrance channel and
position of the entrance channel Rv i accounts for tne penenciai results od
i
the combined effect of the jetty con
struction ana ty dredging, rapid prog
ress was now made in channel deepen
ing, ana at the close or the dredrtns
operations in 1915 the result showed
a channel having a depth of 36 feet
and width of 1000 feet at low water.
I rnis channel practically: maintained it-
seir as to depth during the winter
months and due to the scouring effect
This new drug is an ether compound of tne ebbing waters controlled by the
discovered Dy a Cincinnati chemist. It permanent construction work the
No humbug! Apply few drops
then just lift thjm away
with fingers.
tained from the dredging operations
during the last two or three years.
In the forming of the channel inside
of the bar proper, equally as great
quantities of sand were shifted and
transported across the entrance, as
that eroded from the locality just men.
tioned, to be deposited in deeper water,
or carried northward past the entrance
by the littoral currents and other
forces working in conjunction with
them.
From this outline of the history of
the entrance, and a detailed and care
1
is called freezone, and can width of it was, during ;the same time.
now be obtained in tinv 1 increased to 1500 feet, i
bottles as here shown at At the close of the dredging season f ul study of the channel, sand move
very nine cost from any uctooer, iie. the entrance channel ment, currents and other conditions at
arug store, just ask lor "aa Deen aeepened to j practically 40 the mouth of the Columbia river, the
ireezone. Apply a. drop or Met ror a width of about 800 feet at following facts may be stated and con
v uKuu.wnaw 'uw r, um a survey maae late in elusions drawn regarding the perma
w..ur wnua aim instant- i iwcemoer, tie, snowed the same nency of this improvement:
jy u,0 sureuess oiB&ppean. aeptn ror a width over 1000 feet. Judg- 1. That the main channel to within
esnomy you win rind the ing ;by the results obtained from the a short distance of the bar "has read
corn or callus so loose that 1915 and 1916 dredging operatione. it ily adjusted itself to new conditions
,IL ... V,' rwM" epeciea mat tne project depth of created by construction of permaennt
and all. with the fingers, j 40 feet for a width of approximately work
. i pam: 1 one-half mile will hav been obtained 2. That when such permanent works
ov" v "u"i; "Ul I at tne ClOSe or thA lOIT il.iH.. nurix. mmnUflnn r- kin hn
completed, this channel has remained
pushed seaward .nearly 7000 feet, until
the distance separating the 40-foot
curves on each Side of the bar, exclud
ing the dredged, cut through it, is now
only 2000 feet on the channel line.
6. That since 1913 the 50-foot in
side low water depth has been pushed
seaward over 9000 feet to a point about
one-half mile beyond the end of the
south Jetty, bringing it within a dis
tance of one and one-fourth mile of
the same depth across the bar, which i
distance in 1885 and 1895 was three
and one-half miles and in 1902 and
1913 three miles.
6. That the erosion of the sub
merged portion of Clatsop Spit has es
tablished there a beach line having'
the same slope and other characteris
tics as the beach a considerable dist
ance south of the jetty, forming a con-
inuous and uniformly sloping beach
not readily affected - by the forces
which caused the removal of some 150,-
000,000 cubic yards of material from
that vicinity between 1885 and 1916.
7. That the prevailing northerly
drift of the littoral currents has been
of sufficient force to practically pre
vent the seaward extension of the bar
on its southwest face during the last
76 years, regardless of the Immense
amount of sand moved out of the' en
trance or carried northerly from the
submerged south spit.
8. That the combined action of flood.
wave action and littoral currents will
aow, since stable conditions have been
established, more strongly exert their
influence on the bar area protruding
beyond the end of the south jetty, the
first yielding obstruction met, causing
a gradual recession of the bar and cor
respondingly and permanently decrease
the distance between the deep water
inside and seaward of the bar.
9. a UH.I, in view oi me liutwi iniii
results in channel deepening obtained
in 1915 and 1916. the rapid approach of
the 40-foot and 50-foot inside low
water areas toward the bar, and the
very rapid deepening of the bar area on
each side of the dredged channel. It is
reasonably safe to predict that not
only will the project depth and width
be of a permanent nature, but also
that a permanent channel depth in ex
cess or 40 reet can 5e obtained li
dredging is annually continued for
some years, to supplement the con
stantly increasing effectiveness of the
completed Jetty work.
Portland, therefore, need no longer
have any fear of adverse channel con
ditions at the mouth of the Columbia
river. The elimination of the bar has
removed the principal and last obstacle
to the free and unobstructed movement
of the port's shipping.
Certainly no more convincing argu
ments can be presented to bear out
the statements herewith made as to
the gain in channel depth and perma
nency of the improvement than a com-
parison of the 1913 and 1916 charts
of the entrance.
HIGH SPOTS IN COLUMBIA CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT
FIRST government project authorised In 1883, .when low water was
about 20 feet.
Original Jetty, four and one half miles in length, completed, 'n
1895 and low water depth of 31 feet procured. As the jetty did not extend
a sufficient distance seaward to control the sand movement and etoMng
currents, the bar channel began to deteriorate and the depth gradually
decreased until 1902 until it was only 21 feet at low .awter.
After 17 years tli bar conditions, so far as depth was concerned, were
nearly Identical with those existing In 1885, when Jetty construction first
began. '
Revised project was adopted in 1903 and wotV has resulted In com
pletion of south Jetty and about 95 per cent of north Jetty.
Dredging operations supplement Jetby worit.
Most marked gains in Improvement work made in 1915 When low
water depth reached 36 feet and channel's width 1000 feet.
At close of dredging season in October. 1916, entrance channel had
been deepened to practically 40 feet, with width of 800 feet.
Permanent channel depth in excess of 40 feet Is assured, with con
tinuance of dredging operations.
The last Obstacle to the free and unobstructed .movement to Port
land's shipping has been removed.
OCEAN DEPTHS
THERE may be depths In the ocean
, greater than any yet sounded be
ra uM It Im nnlv In selected nlacea
and along certain lines that system
atic deep sea 'soundings have been
made. On the other hand, the sound
ings have , revealed so much of the
general configuration of the sea bot
toms that it does not appear probable
that any considerable depressions ex
ist in any of the navtgablo oceans
that are not already known. It is
not likely that greater depths exist in
any of the oceans than the "Nero
Deep," near the Island of Guam, in
the Pacific ocean, where the plummet
sinks 5268 fathoms, "or 31,600 feet
(only 80 feet less than six miles).
It is not uninteresting to note that
just as the largest continent. Asia.
has the highest mountain elevation,
so the largest ocean, the Pacific, has
the deepest depression. Mount Ever
est, thrown into the "Nero Deep,"
would tvave its summit covered by
nearly 2500 feet of water. The mean
estimated depths of the three great
oceans are: Pacific, 13,440 feet; In
dian, 12,888 feet; Atlantic, 12,660 feet.
The profoundest hole in the Atlantic
is the Brown son Deep, in the "Porto
Rico Trench," where the bottom sinks
to a depth of 27.366 feet. Mount Ev
erest dropped Into that cavity would
lift Its head nearly 1800 feet above sea
leveL
It is. a singular fact that Just as
the loftiest peaks are found In moun
tain ranges, and not Isolated, so the
deepest depressions of the ocean exist
in long trenches, which are cut like
furrows in the sea bottom. The
greatest known trench of this kind
runs through the western part of the
Japan to the Nero Deep, already de
scribed, a distance of at least 2400
miles. m
However, this is not all one un
broken trench, but rather a series of
furrows more or less closely connected,
and bearing different names. Two
of the holes along this line are, re
spectively, 24,480 and 27,930 feet deep.
South of the equator. In the Pacific,
are the Tonga and the Kermandec
trenches, with measured depths of
30,136 and 30,930 feet. The least of
these is 1000 feet deeper than Mount
Everest.
compressed air from the air tank.
The boat is now under way. Glanc
ing down through the slanting observa
tion tube that extends through the top
and bottom of the boat, its ends being
covered with plate glass, the operator
sees that the nos of the torpedo is
properly held by the point, before men
tioned, and also any obstructions that
might lie beneath him.
m m
The conning tower being not much
larger than a bucket, is well-nigh In
visible on the water's surface to ob
servers on shipboard, and this fact
permits. It Is asserted, a close ap
proach to them. "As he nears the hos
tile ships, he pulls a lever, shutting
off the engine. The operator then
grasps the handles of the propeller
shaft, places his feet on the pedals,
and moves forward under his own
power until he is within short torpedo
range of the hostile ship.
He stops and swiftly turns the hand
wheel before him. Its bevel gear re
volves upward the circular yoke from
the nose of the war-head of the tor
pedo until the point, formerly resting
on Its propeller, strikes a rod project
ing through the bottom of the boat.
This rod in turn connects with a valve
In the compressed air tank which dis
charges air into the cylinder fastened
to the bottom of the boat.
The compressed air forces out a pis
ton in this cylinder. To the exterior
of this piston is attached a finger
resting behind a projection on the top
of the torpedo. The effect of the im
pulse is violently to thrust out the
torpedo from its casing, a "T" slot on
the top of it holding It in line, in the
direction Of the hostile ship. An the
torpedo leaves the casing, the piston
finger Just mentioned trips a "dog"
on the top of the torpedo that sets in
motion the propelling mechanism of
the projectile, snd it starts off under
Its flwir power for the mark.
The Schwan Piano-Co. Player Pianos
Wherever yon go nowadays and hear about Playsr Plaaos, yo will flad that
one family has Jast boughs the riayer Maao, ths other has fast aWsdomsd.
This mesas that mo buyers are still groplag for real standards by which t
Judge riayer-riano efficiency.
The Family That Has One of Our
One -Man Submarine
stable both as to location and cross I
section.
3. That the cross section of
channel when so established is
this
sub-
even wis siiBiiiest smart- I son
inn, either when innlTlnr . -
freexone or afterward. With this general description of -n
This drug doesn't eat up I tranc conditions and the channel deep
the corn or callus, but enln secured to the , present time as
.un.c.a uiu so mey - - i-"ukiih construction I ifrt In nnl v alirht erosion anti n-urmliea
For a few cents you can I uow aen up. j
get rid or every hardl ocean Dea. epita and nKnai- in
corn, soft corn or vuru I the vicinity of the Columbia .river en-
rVUr'. " rU IIk JtT -f0!0 f,ne -and- constantly maintained two miles sea-
7" i J " t u, k. V; ' iiea rrom point ward of the gorge of the entrance or In
never -i0l..b? thf comIn4 ctiop. of advance of the Jetty construction from
L-,"BV" "..w t. curreuls a"d carried I mi to 1907- Commencing with that
rrJt- -"i1: "V1"" "V". lne pwlt,llnK northerly! year.- te 40-foot low water curve in
k-VT .i UI ln ean currents the lit- side the bar ceafced to maintain this
iT-?0!"! . j s distance and failed to advance with the
a llttla sealed wood ease, 1 To bring this sand mnvam.ni ih I -.. . i v.., ,u
bearing;, yellow wrapper Beware of I Immediate vicinity rf th ., I T JL. -i' , i
imitation r - , ,der practical control -and effect the water depth Inside the bar has been
quota
ported through the entrance into deep
water. ' .
4. That a least depth of 40 feet at
low water. In a fixed channel, had been
packed
y-
Underground Wireless.
From the Fresno '(Cal.) Republican.
The same electric power employed
in the ringing of a doorbell has trans
mitted sound . through space a dis
tance of 40 miles. In an experiment
conducted "by Dr. H. Barringer Cox.
the ringing of an ordinary alarm clock
at Los Olivos has been faintly re
corded at his station just outside
Santa Barbara, Cal. '
According to Dr. Cox the Instru
ments were not "pointing" right, and
after certain corrections have been
made at . Los Olivos the experiments
will be renewed. But the results are
highly satisfactory.
It is wireless, without the use of
wires, and the power used is the ordi
nary dry battery which Dr. Cox in
vented years ago.
Instead of passing through the air,
the sound travels through the ground.
His station in Santa Barbara: shows
but two metal standards about "15 feet
high and 200 feet apart. The principle
involved, is still Dr. Cox's secret.- but
he claims that, when it has been per
fected the economy of wireless".. will
have been solved; for both telegraph
ana teiepnone. -1 v ,
From tbe Philadelphia Public ledger.
THOMAS J. MORI ARTY, for years
a mechanical expert in the em
ploy of the government at the
torpedo station of the United States
navy, atlNewport, R. I., obtained some
Jime ag letters patent on a one-man
submarine, asserted to be suitable for
service oh shipboard as well as from
shore. Its exclusive function being the ,
locating and destroying of submarine
mines. Among the special fatures of j
this boat are the automatic contriv
ances said to insure safety and the
simplicity of construction in compar
ison with other devices costing many
times as much to build.
Mr. Moriarty was long ago impressed
with the Idea that the only way by
which to make the action of the tor
pedo actually certain was to put an ex
perienced operator inside it. From the
idea of putting a man inside it to that
of placing a man outside it the tran
sition was easy; and It then became a
question to give him a safe shelter.
means of locomotion, of submerging.
and of discharging the projectile.
To accomplish these - essentials he
has devised a cigar shaped boat of
bronze plates, about 10 feet long. 3
feet deep and S feet wide. Beneath
this is suspended the Whitehead tor
pedo in a frame from which it is pro
pelled by compressed air when the op
erator has approached Bear the mark.
Let it be supposed, for example, that
a trip is to be made in the boat. Be
fore launching it Into the water, the
latch, holding closed the hatch, is
sprung and this cover with Its conning
tower is opened by powerful springs
the hatch sliding beneath the easing of
the hulL This gives an entrance of
about three feet square to the inter
ior. The hatches of thick glass are
opened, and the engine, specially de
vised for propelling the boat. Is ad
Justed. These stern hatches are then closed.
By means of a connection with the en
gine the air tank in the bottom of the
boat Is filled with compressed air to a
great pressnre. A light is placed on
the bottom sf the boat forward be
hind the slanting observation tube.
The Whitehead torpedo is slipped into
the casing beneath the boat, and the
circular yoke is revolved down over
Its nose until the point slips between
the plads of the small front propeller,
thus preventing its turning, as the
propeller actuates the firing mech
anism after the projectile' is discharged:
The operator then dons a vest made
Of two thicknesses of air-tight mater
ial, to which is attached a small mouth
tube by which it is inflated. This In
flated vest serves as a padding for the
body while the man Is in the boat and
also as a life preserver In n emer
gency. Tbe operator enters :the cock
pit, lies down on the cradle, astride of
its support. Padded prongs on the
cradle curve over his shoulders to hold
him in place and provide a purchase
for his arms when operating the levers
before him. The boat is then put into
the water.
Lifting his head into the conning
tower, he may. then see through the
glass front tbe course before him. Ky
means of reflectors in front of him be
sees whether the, machinery behind
mm is properly adjusted. .and. if as.
pulls a lever blowing the whistle on
the forward mast which is sounded by
sTT 4 Bsds It horn. Ol
M I 1 .0O or More . fiSJl
T3 1 V Monthly. la Sr(
it Xntsrsst. LcJf
Natural" Player Fianos
Knows That They Possess Greater Efficiency; That They Kespoad to
the slightest o"c,h f -1 of the pedaling,
that the hand- I Vataral Player Piaao VTlees I , I p 1 a y e d artls i?
records ran be re- I $550 116 modwl at S396.0O I produced with as
much feeling, tone
cy of touch as by
lets themselves.
classics j r e im
own home plan-
because tbo dlffl
er of a Natural
read the classics
as tne simplest.
si tions.
Vstaral Player Piaao Prices!
8550 116 modwi st S396.0O
604 1916 models at 435.00
65J 1917 models at 4H7.iO
750 1917 models at 662 SO
830 1917 models at 617.60
850 1S17 models st 717.10
810 or more can h .m g or more
monthly. No, Interns 5 saving alone
to you
S77.40 TO SISl.&O
color, and dslica
tbe greatest art
and. since- thess
possible to our
ists, principally
etilt, but th own
Player piano can
as easily at sight
of musical cotnpo-
These families know what they have hi the "Natural Player Piano.' and stick
to it.
frt Is Your Riw TnfuorVil-?
Tour boy or girl, now working, can save 11.25 weekly or 16 monthly, ought
to tmv a. r1a rt, hTA without nAMl ttf nivlnr ' mwUt - - a
education. We hear of boys and girls put tins themselves tnrautn mil
We make It possible for them also to secure s piano and a mostcal education
The piano thus saved up maintains a cash value Utat can be realised upon at
any time, after it's yours, by sale when necessary. .
snnniBZa, ts sTnrDs pxavo. no mm pzajto ioki
ORDER YOUR PIANO BY MAIL rSZi
leant why we hare hundreds of xaaU-order buyers.
To spur you to quick action we quote prices at one-fourth off and no later-,
est on entire line of. new pianos
OTTT.oy.Towar nirma wa pbzvit pmzzosrr ajtd waw pun
DZUTZST OP PZAJTO TO TOTJJt KOMB within 30v miles, arsl the piano will
be shipped subject to exchange within one year, we allowing the full amount
paid. This virtually gives you a one-year trial of the plso yoti order
hi r j yiauu or oim.yw ytm.no puniiwira --ries wiia l 3 OCnWan fiaftO CO
nia.ra.ntee of satisfsotion. as also the tiHiial nwnntM from mmf m.nnf.M,..u
of thee new musical lnstrametit. OPZ3V MO DAT, WZS JTXS9AT A3t2) SAT.
tTJLXiAT SSTZJruroa StntrsTO TXXS SAXXS. The Store That Charges Xo Intersex
"SS? adman Piano Co. $1 2,000,00 0