ENTENTE NEEDS MASTER HAND TO
DIRECT FULL USE OF ITS POWER
r
- . i-vv ts-A
.? ;y
TEANSPORTI NO-
3
ENTENTE ALLIES PREPARED
FOR SEASON OF CARNAGE
While Thoughts of Peace Have Been Actively Aroused, a
- Year of" Unprecedented Slaughter Is
i : Expected, '
n Intmitlml
. Y"RESIDKNT "WILSON'S peace over-
rtures, if not productive of the
hoped for reaulta lit the present
time, have definitely turned the minds
of men ahd - women In all belligerent
tatea In the direction of peace, and
have thus brought about a revolu
tion of thought the Intensity i Which
can only be . appreciated In the midst
Of the warring peoples.
, Six weeks ago peace was still a far
Oistaot vision which men with the
most acute perceptions only - dimly
; foresaw; now everybody Is able to
grasp the prospect of peace as a solid
and. not too remote blessing which
must Inevitably ensue "when military
men can no longer say that arms
r'hava not had a fair chance to decide
' the Issues of the war. That .time
will not come until the end of next
' autumn, according to the shrewdest
opinion In Franoe. 'While 191? ' Is
.certain to be another year of war. It
, may also be expected to witness car
nage far more terrible than the
laughter of the Tser, the;' massacres
before Warsaw, the ghastly sacrifices
of Verdun or the Hectacombs of the
- Somme . .
ZadloaUoas of Blaugliter.
' For it is a little realised fact that
at this moment . something like 12,
,' 000,000 people are engaged In the
manufacture of guns and shells, rifles
and cartridges, .bombs, air torpedoes
and other deathdeallng material of
. war, all of which are to be directed
-against some 12,000,000 troops.' For
every soldier in the field there is at
least one civilian working om the.
agents for his destruction.
It Is n6t difficult after 28 months
of war to grasp the fact that armies
of vast slae are in the field; what la
' not so apparent, even in the big
cities of belligerent countries, is that
. .civilian, armies equally Immense are
" forging mortal weapons for the un
formed legions. ; Present proportions
have only lately been reached, though
the tendency has for some months
those tn the field. This state of
things can only result In an appalling
' orgy of death and destruction in
-SILT. It is likely to come by sur
prise and to begin In France, with
the entente armies taking .the of
fensive. As the fine weather opens
uptt 'Will spread out over a much
larger area than that of any previous
offensive, and crescendo to a pitch
of -unimaginable. fury till one side or
- the other is exhausted and admits de
feat. The dramatic munitions race
now silently proceeding throughout
Kurope and in a large part of America
Is only a prelude to titanic fighting
next spring and summer
Military men here look confidently
to Nivelle and Halg to retain the
' Initiative on. the western front. Ger
man reserves have lately been massed
at various points behind the line in
, Frahce. I gather, however, that they
r are not in sufficient force to enable
, Htndenburg to begin anything like' a
. big drive Just now, but are more
probably Intended to be thrown in -at
: points menaced by the French and
British,-while the Germanic comman
" der is working out strategical prob
lems on the Russian and Roumanian
. fronts.; ::
. .'-'Oenaaa Quiet Ominous-
There .has been relative idleness
in the west during November and
ueoemDer, , out we nave had many
sucn ; periods in the past two years.
. and they - have always terminated
with, some sensational stroke.
, - In Paris the ; Germans are ;- being
credited with plannfng various bold
moves. For Instance, the hypotheses
or an Invasion of France via Switzer
land is regarded as a possibility -for
7r
4
v 1
Hi
1 1
ii
iff
' in.
y Hi.
1
Nwi Serrlc.
next spring. ' Military experts point
out that the invasion would come
through the Doubs valley by way of
Basle in conjunction with another in
road by way of Soleure ami Neucha-
tel, both marches converging on the
French frontier, town of Pontaller. To
the north of tms town the Chaumont
chain of mountains constitutes
France's defenses against such an in
vasion. Bescancon being the main
base; while to the south rise the for
midable Juras. Critics say these ob
stacles are so serious and the like
lihood of the Swiss army putting up
a sturdy fight is bo certain that
Htndenburg need not be expected to
go forward with the plan, although
it has recently been reviewed by the
German staff. Another possibility
foreshadowed here is a German irrup
tion into Holland, the object of which
would be to establish more favorable
bases on the North Sea for the sub
marines campaign. England, it is said,
is .closely watching for developments
in this quarter.
But the consensus of well informed
opinion is that Germany and her al
lies will continue to concentrate their
attention otv the main eastern and
western fronts, where they, will need
all their resources to fight off strokes
now being secretly prepared in France,
England. Italy and Russia. These
very real menaces to Germany and
Austria-Hungary exist now in more
pressing form than at any previous
time in the war, and Htndenburg is
not likely to divert any considerable
fraction of his reserves to secondary
fronts where no such decision could
be obtained as would influence the
war as a whole. I find a well
grounded feeling that he is likely to
work off his offensive proclivities at
the expense of Russia and Roumania.
whlle trying- to hold the French.
British and Italian fronts intact.
Odessa Coveted lort.
The final object of his plan outlined
years ago by Von Bernhardt is sup
posed to be the capture of Odessa, the
Black Sea, port, which Is just under
100 miles distant from the scene of
the present fighting in Roumania, It
would call for the manning of an of
fensive front of, 150 miles and the
strategical tasks before these armies
would be the occupation of the whole
of Moldavia- and the crossing of the
Sereth, Pruth and Dniester rivers.
Entente experts aee. all kinds of
difficulties in the way of such an un
dertaking. To begin the Roumanian
army continues intact. It has accom
plished the fifth great feat of the war
wnicn has ended in the retiring with
out aesirucuon, ana it is said, in con
junction with the Russians, to hold
strong ' defensive lines consisting of
ine marsny region or tne ianube
delta ast of Galatz and the Sereth
river, with Its confluent, the Putna.
From the Danube to the Black Sea.
this line, which entente experts pre
dict will be very difficult to force, la
100 miles long. Its defense is aided
by three railroads one running down
the Sereth valley and ending at Foca
sani, a second from Jasay whicn
branches out at Barldad and finishes
at Galats. and a third fronv Klc ni
ne vn to . Reni. On the German side
three railroads converge on Focsanl,
Ualatx, and Bralla from Buseu.
There is a' conflict of opinion as to
Whether Hlndenburg. . deferring : the
march on Odessa, will swing down to
Macedonia for the purpose of driving
Sarrail back - to Saloniki. Witb the
Junction of the Roumanian army and
Sarrall's : forces the Macedonia . front
again becomes a ' secondary one.' Op
erations on either side ate very 'diffi
cult owing to the mountainous nature
of the country, the lack of railroads.
If strategical reasons alone could" de
cide the matter,- it is felt certain that
THE OREGON SUNDAY- JOURMAt, 'PORTLAND,
1 j
'S A
Hlndenburg would leave MacecVmla
alone, but Bulgaria may demand the
retaking of Monastlr and Fiorina. This
would reopen direct communication
with Greece and embarrass the entente
allies in their transportation prob
lems by forcing them to divert more
shipping to the Mediterranean.
Emtemte Experts Differ.
There are still two strong currents
of opinion in entente countries regard
ing the direction grand strategy should
take one figuring that the German
Drang Nach Osten (for which the
Kaiser is believed to have begun the
war) can best be checked by over-'
whelming offensives on the main east
ern and western fronts, and the other
that they can be still checkmated by
direct 'action . In the near east.
If the latter is adopted next spring
will see a great move against Turkey
converging from Armenia, Mesopo
tamia and Egypt, the success of which
would isolate Germany from the east.
' Such a campaign would probably re
quire at least 100 Russian and British
divisions and would. throw a big strain
on. the entente nations, resources for
over-sea transportation. For thes
reasons, far seeing experts, I find, be
lieve the campaign will not material
ise. It is much more likely that Rus
sia will resume her march towards
Constantinople from Erxerum and
Trebizond, whilst England contents
herself with small diversions from
Egypt and Mesopotamia and that the
biggest Franco-British effort will be
made In France. It is difficult to see
how any other policy could affect the
clearance or northern irrarvce and Bel
gium or enemy troops wnicn tne west
ern allies declare to be an essentia
prelude to peace.
Every week the scales are tipping
more and more in favor of the entente
allies on the western front, both s
regards - effectives and munitions.
for It is not believed that the Ger
man civilian levy will enable Hind en
burg to balance matters. General
Fonvill states that today France has
thirty times more cannon than in
1914, .the increase being mostly in
heavy guns; she Is making 200 times
more rifles, 170 times more machine
guns; 40 times more howitzers; aun
40 times more heavy shells and still
the upward movement of production
la accelerating.
Munitions Output Unormous.
In Great Britain, where the output
is now heavier than in France, the
figures are still more' striking, as an
Off Lc'.&l statement issued last year-end'
snows, xnree to live times more guns
are now being made in Britain in-on
week than during the whole of the
first year of war," the increase beinr
mainly in heavy guns ' and those of
medium calibre. Forty-three - times
more 16-pound shells were produced
in one week last November than in the
average week up to June. ltl6, forty
six times more fed howititer shells,
sixty-six times medium calibre shells
and 883 times more heavy gun ahell
For every. ten of explosives used in
September, 114. by Great Britain, ISO
tons were used in July. 1915. and
12.000 tons in July, 1916, and the in
crease has since been going on at, an
even greater pace.
- But - the entente allies still suffer
from the Inherent weakness of bavin
no one big brain to guide their grand
strategy, and with alt' their millions
of splendidly trained - and equipped
troops and their magnificent reserves
of munitions, they sorely feel the need
of a modern Napoleon to use these
huge resources in such a masterly way
as to bring about a quick decision.
-Dark stains from, tan boots: Apply
methylated spirit with a flannel and
when dry polish in the usual way,.
1 1 I, "JW'IW
"
Key to the Pictures 6
THE photograph above at the left shows two English-brothers on the
western frqnt The elder is helping the younger to safety after he
has been wounded. Note that the wounded brother has held on to
his captured German helmet
Above in the middle are shown Austrian troops in the tops of the
Carpathian mountains trudging through the thick snow.
The Italian army engineers are constantly constructing interesting
little barracks -such as the one above at the right, perched on the crags
of the mountains where most of the fighting between the Italians and
the Austrians has taken place.
The lower photograph- shows British soldiers examining machine
guns captured from the Germans on theSomme.
ART OF FLYING
MUCH SINCE THE WAR BEGAN
American 'Aviators in British and French fyrnies Have
Added Much to Skill of the Game as 'Played
in Air on the Battlefronts,
By Lord Northcliffe.
(Capyrisbt. 1817, by the TJalW Press Associations. Copyright 1 Great Brltaia.)
THERE is little bitterness against
the enemy among the Canadian
and British aoldlers. They admire
him in ma fighting and for his' ma-cthlne-like
discipline, but they hare no
use for him in the kind of warfare
now going on,
"You will find the Canadians a
thinking, independent army," remarked
a dlsting-uUrhed Britten general who
had,, given me permission to spend a
very interesting day and so I found
them to be.- They had brought to the
stock of vitality and knowledge em
braced in the wonderful dtixen armies
of France and ' England the qualities
Inherited by generations which have
spanned the North American continent
with its railroads, chained Niagara,
linked up the world's citie and armies
by the telephone, lit dugouts with in
candescent lamps, cheered" them With
canned music," and brought a thou
sand other mechaiiclal ideas to per
fection, . .
A. pectade la Air.
I confess, indeed, that, although I
have epent many weeks at war, the
spectacle of winged fighters high in
the sunilght is one that holds my at
tention as nothing in the world ever
has in peace times. When one was
younger one has been thrilled by a
close baseball or football mat oh but
when, sheltered, perhaps, in a trench,
ene eeecr two epecks approaching each
otner and with a pair of strong glasses
gradually realises that one of the
specks is an American, who has given
up everything home, prosperity and
probably life to throw himself Into a
foreign army, and that the other is a
brave German, doing what ho conceives
to be his duty one real lie that here
are two combatants worth watchta.
Very rarely do the- Germans venture
over our . lines and one has to be very
far. forward nowadays to get a good
view of a right between the allies and
the enemy in the air. I have bad that
good fortune several times. The air
fighting In 1914 . bears .as much re
semblance to the air fighting of 1917
as an old steam automobile to the six
SUNDAY.-MORNING, FEBRUARY -4, 1917.
''0
J
1
DEVELOPED
cylinder of today. There is a per
petual match in speeding up between
the enemy and the allies. Four os five
miles an hour extra pace means every
thing. Its not an fticrease of engjne
power to over 200 horsepower that
brought about the change so much, as
the wonderful progress in ttie art of
flying Itself, and it is Just here that
the ' Anglo-Saxon and tne Frenchman
beat the slower-minded German. It is
Just tibia reason why German soldiers'
letters are now. so full of complaint
about over-cautious German aviators.
Tricks of ths Aviator.
When Pegoud invented looping the
loop the people asked, why? What's
the use of it?5 Pegoud was a very con
siderable inventor, a well as a flyer.
Is the answer. Looping the loop la a
useful maneuver and It has been suc
ceeded by the extraordinary develop
ment, the nose dive in wMch an
airman seems to fan like a stone for
a thousand feet tlU the spectator's hair
rises from his head in horror then
suddenly the machine flattens out and
scoots away and you find it only a
trick after all.
I i talked with one of our wounded
boys he was Just 19 Who had fallen
8000 feet owing to his rudder wire con
nection being ehott through;, By a
miracle his machine straightened it
self out automatically within a hundred
yards of the ground and the boy Is
alive and will fly again. I asked him
tils : sensations. He is probably 4he
first man in the world who has fallen
8000 feet more than 10 times the
height of the Woolworth building.
He said that for a long time what
seemed for hours ' he knew he was
falling at a tremedous speed and then
he rost consciousness. As. in a dream
he found hjanself being picked up out
ef the wreck of his machine by peo
ple who thought he was dead, :
At the beginning of an air fight
there is maneuvering for positions and
feinting as in boxing. There are. as a
rule, two men in each machine, a pilot
and an observer, except in" the smaller
type, in which the wing are clipped
4
ft
'4
f X 4 Tv S. A
rlftum f Tint H4tvev in SAt Y trt smMI(1
and climbing power. Knowledgeof the
engine and plane power. quiekSSs of
decision and accuracy of shooting with
the Lewis gun are essential to the
pilot. His observer is provided with
some form of a piatoi and often with
bombs.
X4ke Ctiant SaWks.
Rival planes, like giant hawks, hover
around above or below each other till
one, more expert or more daring than
the other, maneuvers his opponent into
a position from which he has either
rot to fight or flee. The knockout
mow is usually a suaaen aeeceni on
the enemy, accompanied by accurate
machine gun fire. Sometimes it be
come a duel with Browning pistols.
in whlclh the men are so close that they
can see each, other's eyes.
- The thing Is over before you realise
it. One machine la Off and away and
the other whirls and crashes down to
earth.
The British army does not permit
the names of its flying heroes to be
published. In telling you, therefore,
of American flyers I must deal with
those American with the French army.
Lieutenant Thow of Pittsburg was
one Of a number of Americans who en
tered the famous foreign legion of th
French army at the outbreak of the
war and is now senior American flying
officer in France.
His name and that of his colleagues
are better known In Europe tbaui in
their own country,
In giving a list of
those Whose names are known, some. I r ln eni cave man.
alas, tying beneath a wooden cross,! Hereafter the pictures of all wlfe
I can say no more Chan that they are I beaters, with their names and record
worthy representatives of a great na -
tlon.
American jnyers la Treneh Army.
Lieutenant Thaw was followed by
Bert hail from Texas, Jame Bach, D.
Massoa. Silas-Lufberry, James McCon-
neli of Chicago, Chouteau Johnson of j
New Tork, Elliott Cowdln, Klffin
RockweUi Clyde Balsley ef Texas, Dud-
)ZL0t N T- Victor
Chapman.
The I policy of American aviators
servina with the French army Is that
of the British and French to attack.
They have played a goodly part in the
invention ef constantly changing tac
tics orrientins.
An engine run by sewer gas is the
invention of an Auatralian engineer:
NOSE CLOGGED FROM
! , A COLD. OR CATARRH
Apply Cream . in Nostril
: Open Up Air Passages.
lo
f
i
Ahf What relief J Tour clogged bob
trlls open right up, the alp passages of
your head are clear and you . can
breathe - freely. No more hawking.
snuffling. mucous discharge, head
ache, dryness no struggling for
breath. at night, your cold or catarrh
is gone.. ' l -.'
Don't stay stuffed up! Get n small
bottle of Ely's Cream, Balm fromsyour
druggist now. Apply a little of this
frasrant. antiseptic cream.ln voui nos
trils, let it penetrate through every
air. passage of the' head; "soothe and
heal the swollen, inflamed mucous
membrane. "giving yoS instant relief,
ETs Cream Balm iafust What every
cold and catarrh sufferer has been
seeking. It's Just splendid. .
V
BRITAIN'S CONTROL OF SEAS ESSENTIAL
NORTHCUFFE SEES AIRMEN IN ACTION
v t
V)
.'T'J -A
rsOi
BRITAIN'S SEA CONTROL mm.
SAFEGUARDS HER ALLIES
Besides, Her Wealth, Industrial Resources and Dogged De-'
termination Give Untold. Strength to the Entente :
in Great Stmggje.
By Sydney
(Copyright 101. by
44
HERE is one thing." said Mr.
Lloyd George at the Guildhall
on "his return from Rome, f"that
struck me. and that strikes me more
and more each time I attend these
conferences and visit the contInrit
I mean the increasing extent to- which
the allied people are looking to Great
Britain. They are trusting her rugged
strength and great resources more and
more. -She is to them like a great
tower In the deep. She is becoming
more and more the hope of the op
pressed and the despair of true oppres
sor, and I feel more and more con
fident that we aha.ll not fall the peo
ple who have put their truat In u."
And that is the bare truth. Thoae
who looked at the war with discerning
eye knew from Jt-very beginning that
we In Great Britain were the pivot and
mainstay of the whole alliance. But it
has taken long foY that elementary
fact to sink Into the general con
sciousness. America, I should say, ;s
only just beginning to realize It. No
doubt it is very largely our own fault.
If we were not "too proud to talk, if
we had even one-tenth of the German
genius for self-advertisement, the
world would long ago have understood
that without British power the allies
could never have withstood the Ger
man onset and that with British power
an allied- victory, complete, smashing
and final, is as certain as the rising
of tomorrow's sun.
What has given Great Britain in this
war her extraordinary position as the
Fines Wife Beater
AncT Shows Picture
rarest weeping' Tallin of Effect in
Humiliation Judge Orders Ficture of
Offenders tn JPubllQ Flaes.
Kansas City, Kan., -Feb. J. (I. N.
S.) With the novelty worn off the
plan of shackling wifebeaters and mak
ing them sweep the streets of the city.
Judge Joseph Brady has hit on a new
lan to humiliate, those who . practice
1 In bold, black type, will be placed in a
public rogues gallery in ths lobby of
ths elty ball, exposed to the gase of all.
"It aeems to me my plan of publicly
exhibiting wifebeaters on the streets
has lost its effect." said Judge Brady,
when a wife showed a swollen and dis
colored eye and testified It was a habit
of her husband to beat her.
U"ot hU WlfZ
The husband admitted be occasion-
Tou are fined $600," said ths court.
'And you are going to be the first ex
hibit in a public rogues' gallery in the
lobby of the city hall. It will let the
people know what kind of a man yon
are when they see you on the street."
Aviation School at ;
Peruvian Capitol
Washington, Feb. . (!. N. S.J
The state department is informed that
the Peruvian congress" has passed an
act appropriating 15000 Peruvian
pounds, approximately 1X5,000, an
nually from 1917 until 1920 for ths es
tablishment of - a civilian aviation
school at Lima. Ths military also will
be admitted hut the government Is es
pecially anxious to forward aeronautics
among civilians, t
Most of the equipment for the new
aviation school is expected to be, ob
tained In the United States.
Scout Cruisers May
Exceed: $5,000,000
I Washington Feb, J.-(L N S.)
The navy department has nof abatt-
dotted the hope that it will be possible
to award contracts for the construction
of the three remaining scout cruisers,
despite the fact that the bids received
are in excess of the limit of sost specl-
7
Brooks.
Sjdftey Brooks.)
axle on which all depends is, first, her
naval power; secondly, her wealth f
thirdly, her Industrial . resources, an 1
fourthly, ttaat grim doggedness in the.
national character which in two and a
half years has converted an .unarmed.
commercial and easy-going nation Into
a military power of the very first rank,
and that animates all her allies with
the knowledge that Great Britain cad
be relied upon to. the uttermost. -
- I like to think of aome future Matian
using the history of thia war to point
the deadly realities of sea power, t. Ha
will need no other example. Every
thing that naval aupremaey means or
can' ever mean has been taught tn the
last SO months in a fashion that hi
who runs may read. Because of the
British navy Germany Is a beleaguered
garrison, her strength steadily, cease
lessly sapping away. Because of the .
British navy ttie allies are free to draw
on the entire neutral world for what
ever they require; Great Britain is able
to conduct simultaneously half a doa
en campaigns In widely separated the
at res of war; France, though her Penn
sylvania la in the enemy's hands, is
still for purposes both of war and ,
peace a great manufacturing nation;
Russia can be supplied with munitions
indefinitely; the Belgian and Serbian
forces' have been rescued and .re
equipped; while Germany languishes
physically under the stress of the
blockade and financially and economi
cally under the total loss of her- for
eign trade. . v
fled In the appropriation act, where a -definite
sum of not to exceed tMOO.
000 each exclusive of armor and arhia
ment was named.
Secretary Daniels has under consid
eration a project of appealing to con
gress for" an increase in this limit, pro
vided !tshall appear to be advisable to
do this as a concession to the demand
of the shipbuilders and In lieu of hav- -
ing the vessels built at navy yards
that shall be specially equipped for the
purpose. " -
VHEN FEET HURT
TizM for sore, tired puf fed-up
aching, calloused feet
or corns.
"VsUS! x use' TOP
every time for. amy
foot troubls.
Tou can be happy -footed in a mo
ment. Use "TIs" and never suffer with
tender, raw. burning, blistered, swol
len, tired, aching f see Tlx! and-only
"Tlx" takes the pain and soreness out
of corns, callouses and bunions.
As soon as you" put your feet in a
"Tis bath, you just feel the happiness
soaking in. How good your poor, old'
leet feel. They want lordasjce for Joy.
Tlx Is grand. "Tlx instantly draws
out all the poisonous exudations which
puff up your-feet and cause sore, in
fiamedv aching. aWeaty feeC
Get a tS-cent box of Tixw at any
drug store or department-; store- Gel
instant foot "relief. Laugh at foot suf
ferers who complain. -Because your
feet are sever, never going, to bother
or make you limp any more, XA4.TJ
CAN'T BEATTIZ"