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THE . OREGON : DAILY, ; JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1916.
WB1&W-W1W&N1AS:SEEN BY MEMBER OF FAMILY
CIRC'LE
e Devotion Features
Home Life of President
; :
Professor Stockton Axson, Brother of the First Mrs, Wil
. 'son, Writes intimate Sketch of Executive's Happy
Domestic Environment. .
CHARACTERISTIC INCIDENTS OF EARLIER CAREER
By Stockton Axson.
The following intimate tersonal
ketch of Wood row Wilson, the man,
written by Professor Stockton Axsn,
whose sister. Ellen Louise Axson. wna
the president'? first wife, waa secured
for publication In the New York Times.
Professor Axson not only had close per
sonal relations with the president for
US years, but he served under him whn
Mr. Wilson was president of Princeton
university. He was assistant professor
of English literature at Princeton from
1899 to 1904. and professor from 1904
to 1918, when he Joined the faculty of
Klce Institute, Houston, Texas, as pro
fessor of English. Professor Axson
conducted classes in the University of
Oregon summer school In 1914.
THERE are many who can analyze
and assess Wilson the statesman,
"known to all the world, but the
ranks are thinning among those who
have known the man intimately since
his young manhood. Woodrow Wilson
belongs to the world; is It then In bad
taste for one who has had the great
privilege of seeing him at close range
for 35 years to talk about him fa
miliarly to the world?
Ky keenest embarrassment arises
front my wonder about what Mr. Wil
son himself will say If he should ever
read thla article, for it has never
pleased him to have his personal af
fairs intimately talked about, and yet
tne only reason why I should write at
all Is that I am In a position to talk
about him personally and that the
country has a right to know what
manner of man Is president.
I do not suppose that I myself know
when I first heard Woodrow Wilson's
name mentioned: probably In my
earliest childhood, for between, his
family and mine there has always
been an Intimacy. His mother's sister
was Mrs. James Bones, and the
Boneses were our next door neighbors
In Rome, Qa. Jessie and Marian Bones
were my childhood companions, Helen
being much younger; and the names
of Woodrow Wilson's father and
mother. Uncle Joe and Aunt Jessie,
were as familiar to me as the names
of my own uncles and aunts.
A tetter of Advice.
But I very distinctly remember the
first time that anybody talked to me
in detail about Woodrow WHson; it
was my father, in a letter written to
me when I was away at school. Like
Dr. Joseph Wilson, my father was a
Presbyterian minister, and, also like
Dr. Wilson, he practiced more than he
preached. I think my father went on
the theory that his example would do
more for mj upbringing than wordy
precepts, and so the first homily he
ev-er delivered to. me was in the form
of a long letter written Just after
Woodrow Wilson had ended a visit to
his relatives in Rome. My father made
this voung man. ten years oiaer man
myse'lf. his text, described him.' and
held him up to me as a pattern or
young manhood. I recall one phrase,
vlriually verbatim: "I can think of
nothing that would make me so hap
py as to have a son like that."
That letter was written 34 years
ago; butxI remember it vividly, both
because it was practically the only
prlvatn sermon my father ever
preached to me, and because the wish
expressed was fulfilled, not In the way
he was hoping, by my transformation,
but by,. Woodrow Wilson himself be
coming my father's son by marriage.
M father lived to Know of the en
gagement, though he died before the
marriage.
It was in 1883 that Woodrow Wilson
and Ellen Axson became engaged. She
was visiting friends in the North
Carolina mountains when my father
fell seriously 111. He had me summon
her home by telegram my mother
had died two yeara before, and my sis
ter was the responsible member of the
family. She. went to Ashevllle to catch
a train, but as she had to wait several
hours for it she went to a hotel and
whlled away the time reading by a
window. Aa fate would have it. Wood
row Wilson, who was driving In the
mountains, passed the hotel, chanced
to look up, and saw her profile at the
window. The two had been together
in Rome the previous summer, and It
needed Just the unexpected encounter
In the North Carolina mountains to
show them what life meant for each
and tor both of them.
Aa Unforgettable Conversation.
Unforgettable fort'me the conver
sation which my slater and I had on
the night of her arrival home. In th
earlier part of the evening she had
been anxious about "my father, but
Woodrow Wilson Cares More for Human
Beings Than for Things as Acts Show
Variety of Reasons Cited Why High Moral Integrity of the Presi
dent Translated in His Achievements Commands Support.
By William T. Foster.
President Bead College.
I AM FOR Wilson because I care more
for human beinga than for things.
In every conflict between persons
and property, toe has thought first of
human Interests. No administration
ever did so much to Increase the well
being of the miUona In greatest need;
no administration ever opposed so
i courageously the demands of those in
least need. His Mexican policy, seen
' as a whole is a deliberate subordina
tion of property interests to those of
-humanity humanity inside and out-
. mAm nnr hflrdorn i "watcnrui wait
ing ' waa tne wiaaom or a statesman
tv wljtInm That EurflM lacaea
I am for Wilson because I am for
. equal rlghtas to all. I cannot look with
favor on the party that has stood bard
. and .fast for special privileges to cer
tain industries, under a policy eco
. nomlcally indefensible which lnevtt-
afilv takes monev from the nor.kntK nt
all the neonla to fill th. nnk't nf
part of the people. I know history too
well to trust tha. .tariff wlH Ifo'nlrf
, friends. Just what the evasive candi
date means by patriotism, prepared
v nesa and Americanism, he does not
r, say j , but apparently includes the
- traditional tariff of 'special previlege.
Wilson's Integrity Appeals.
" Im for Wilson because I am for
. woman suffrage; and I prefer - the
man who, though he. too. has the
. un n uwn, Kuinj w P'ay politics
with so great an Issue by" making"
when he had at last been made com
fortable and had fallen asleep, she
joined me in the little sitting room,
her dear face flushed, her eyes bright.
"Can you keep a secret?" she asked,
and upon my Intimation that I couM
she told me that she was engaged to
be married, the manner of the meet
ing, and her joy. "He Is the greatest
man in the world," she said, "and the
best." In that faith she never fal
tered in all the years that followed.
Of the many mental pictures whicn
I have of my sister three at this mo
ment stand out with peculiar vivid
ness: the way she looked that night
when she told me of her engagement,
the way she looked when she held
their first born in her arms waiting
for him to come from a distant place
for the first sight of his child, and
the way she looked In the little cot
tage in Princeton the night that he
was elected president of the United
States. It was two years before they
were married (he was studying at
Johns Hopkins university In Balti
more) In the manse of the Independ
ent Presbyterian church in Savannah,
Ga., his father and her grandfather
officiating. I remember how he and 1
chatted about the books in my grand
father's bookcases while we waited
for the bride to come downstairs. I
also remember a less idyllic circum
stance, how bliss was jarred and the
scent of orange blossoms temporarily
annulled while two small boys, the
bridegroom's nephew, Wilson Howe,
and the bride's brother, Edward Ax
son, "mixed it up" in a gorgeous fight
over some difference in boyish opin
ions. The bride was much shocked;
but I caught a twinkle In the bride
groom's eye, which seemed to say,
"Let's separate them; but don't let's
be in too desperate haste about It"
First Home In Bryn Km.
Their first home was at Bryn Mawr,
Penn., where he was a member of the
newly founded college for women;
their second was in Middletown, Conn.,
where he waa professor In Wesleyan
university; their third home was in
Princeton, N. J., where he was profes
sor for 12 years and president for
eight; then came the wider life as gov
ernor of New- Jersey and president of
the United States.
As soon as they had a home in Bryn
Mawr they sent for our little orphan
brother Edward, and he was a member
of their household until he married.
LProbably the sharpest blow my sister
ever surrered was wnen bawara, nis
young wife, and their baby were all
drowned . together. Her naturally
strong constitution broke temporarily,
for he was as her son rather than her
brother. I myself oecame a member
of their family for a year In Middle-
ton. and ever since have been practi
cally a member of it, for during the
long years in Princeton, though I had
my own apartments, I used their house
as If it were my own home. And our
young sister, Margaret (now Mrs. El
liott) had the same privileges. All of
which would indicate that when Wood-
row Wilson married he married a fani
ily as well as a wife, and that is nod
very far from the truth. If he ever
knew any difference between her rela
tives and his own he never Indicated
it. And his blood became aa her
blood. I have never known a case
where each adopted the other's family
so completely. He even used to refer
to her dead father and mother by the
childhood names by which she- always
called them. I think he would prob
ably say now that one of his favorite
uncles was her Uncle Tom Dr.
Thomas Hoyt of Philadelphia. Once
wiren Uncle Tom was visiting "us" in
Middletown, Mr. Wilson broke Into a
soft chuckle while he and I were sit
ting alone.
The "trade Tom" Episode.
"What are you laughing at?" I
asked.
He replied: "To think how I blacked
Uncle Tom's boots this morning. Pass
ing his bedroom door, 1 sav that he
had put his bodts outside, naturally
assuming that all self-respecting peo
ple keep a man. I knew Bridget
wouldn't black them, and Annie
couldn't, so there was nothing to do
but tackle the job myself."
It occurs to me, as I write down
this true episode, that he might very
well have sent me to do it, seeing that
I was only a college student, while he
wai a professor, and. besides. It was
my Uncle Tom. anyway. But Wood
row Wilson would not do that simply
I
promises, for the sake of votes, which
It- Is not within the power of any presi-
ueni 10 Keep.
I am for Wilson because I am for
integrity of character in public offi
cers, ana. as I know Mr. Wilson per
sonally, and know many of Ms most
intimate neighbors and lifelong friends,
my faith in him will never be budged
by campaign-inspired gossip for which
no man or woman has yet been found
wno aares take personal responsibility.
Stands for Peace.
I am for Wilson because I am for
peace. Those who cry for "deeds, not
words cry for war. whether they
know.. or not- Under. present world
conditions, our nation has Uttle chance
of war with honor, or peace without
honor The patience, poise and world
mlndednea of a statesman have kept
the nation safe through every crisis,
while impetuous and petty-minded
politicians have barked at hla heels. -
I am for Wilson because I am op
posed to large armaments; and since
a period of national hysteria is im
posing the burdens and dangers of
militarism upon our country, it la
more Imperative than ever before, that
these agencies of aggressive warfare
should ba kept out of the hands of
thosa who demand deeds, not words
Words are the only rational means of
settling International controversies rn
the present crista, , I shall continue to
be satisfied with words, provided thev
lira .Wllson'a words. , 1
because he was too considerate the
most considerate man I ever knew -as
well as the most generous and the
tenderest. So there is a presidential
picture to go along with Lincoln split
ting rails, and Garfield on a canal
boat, and Grant driving a dray Wil
son blacking Uncle Tom's boots
Uncle Tom by marriage.
A Household of Karoo?.
I have seen Mr. Wilson humorously
assume the 'role of a browbeaten and
henpecked person, unallowed to hol.l
an opinion, when his wife would say
in her impetuous way, "Woodrow, you
know you don't think that!" and he
would smile and say, "Madam, I was
venturing to think that I thought that
until I was corrected." At one time,
when the girls were growing up, he
used to laugh and quote Chief Justice
Fuller, who remarked that his "Juris
diction extended over all the United
States except the Fuller family." I
have sometimes wondered how a fam
ily composed of varying and very pos
itive elements ever contrived to live
in such absolute and undisturbed har
mony as did the Wilson family, and I
have come to the conclusion that such
a result can be attained only In one
way, not by any prescription, or plan
or domestic "scheme" of action, but
only by enthroning love supreme
that where love is always master,
every day and every hour, there must
be harmony. In the Wilson household
love is always law.
In Playful Mood.
It has always been love mingled
with deftghtful humor and good hiftnor.
Of all the fictions that popular fal
lacy would weave around a conspicu
ous man, surely those who know Mr,
Wilson must find it the strangest that
he is supposed by some to be a cold
and mirthless man. A dozen years ago
I think any intimate acquaintance of
Mr. Wilson could hare said tuat one of
his most obvious Qualities was an in
corrigible playfulness. Graver people
thought he was too much that way,
for he would Joke In the midst of the
most serious discussions and con
troversies. His una of anecdote (in
one way he is the most provoking of
men, for it Is next to impossible to
tell him a new story he has heard
them 'all and Invented some), his glee
ful delight in nonsense rhymes, his
atrocities in pun-making, an Inherit
ance from his father, from whom he
has derived so many and more com
mendable traits, all these things are
pronounced in Woodrow Wilson, to
gether with that finest -of all humor,
character humor, the knack of word
portrayal of people in incongruous
settings. . If you want to laugh until
your breath forsakes you, get Wood
row yilson to tell you the story of
how a certain "educator" startled
President Harrison- with a sudden
eruption of oratory. 25 years ago. Not
the least delightful part of It is that,
while he Is relating it. he apparently
forgets that the wheel has come full
circle and he himself is now in the ex
alted seat occupied by President Har
rison when that entrancing bit of
comedy unrolled.
BesponsibUlties Bring Seriousness.
These humorous characteristics are
still In President Wilson, but it is
hardly strange If they are less habitu
ally on the surface than they used to
be before the burdens of a whole world
in turmoil were laid upon his shoul
ders. Even before the weight pressed
upon him, his inherent Scotch stern
ness had begun to assert Itself. He
went through some rough experiences
at Princeton, and, I have heard him
say, both in public and private, that
he felt a stiffening of the fibre within
him, found it less easy to relax at will
Into playfulness. It merely means
that, as years and responsibilities in
creased, he became more purposeful.
There Is a fact which he himself is
probably unaware of, but which, I am
sure is historically correct. A change
came over him at Just about the time
that Breat and sweeping changes were
inning puc in our conceptions or na
tionality In those important years
that He between 1896 and 1900. Absurd
as It may appear, previous to that I
used to feel that he and I were men
tally somewhat alike. There was ten
years' difference in our ages, and an
other difference of some moment, the
difference between genius and the lack
of it. But, with all that, there was
some remote resemblance in the work
ings of our minds even my percep
tive sister used to see it. He and I
would talk together for hours on end,
conversations largely speculative.
Change Takes Place.
But gradually I felt that a change
was taking place. For one thing, he
had been through an illness, from I
which he emerged more vigorous than
before. He had always been a purpose
ful man, but now he was a man of
fixed and resolute purpose. He was .as
affectionate and companionable as
ever, but he did not have time now for
such prolonged and "drifting" conver
sations. The task was calling him.
And I must believe that besides the
merely personal 'change his own na
ture was unconsciously reflecting the
big and basic changes which were tak
ing place in the nation and in national
conceptions, changes that were leading
America out of isolation into world
relationships. Perhaps he was. all un
consciously, enduring his vigils, pre
paratory to the great conflict that lay
ahead of him in the dim mists of fu
turity. He grew more and more im
patient of merely theoretical discus
sions; he must handle facts in all
their difficult reality. I often heard
him exclaim, "I am so tired of a
merely talking profession! I want to
do something." This was before he
became president of Princeton.
In short, he was growing into what
he has now become, a man with the
surest and the flrmeat hold on the
facts of things. This is why he seems
inconsistent to some shallow people.
They think In terms of an abstract
theory, are logical and futile. He
deals with facts, and. In crowded times
like these, facts change chemically
even while you are looking at them:
because he deals with realities, not
theories, he sometimes seems self-eon
tradlctory and is always effective.
By Way of Illustration.
There is another and kindred thing
about him which perplexes some peo
ple; though the tenderest of men, he
is the least sentimental. Once, since
he has been president of the United
States, I "was much exercised over the
case of a man who had come under the
national laws in a way that see.med to
me merely technical; he was tech
nically guilty, but virtually innocent;
and so I did what I have seldom con
sented to do; I wrote a long letter to
Mr. Tumulty, to be laid before the
president at his convenience. A friend
of mine, personally more concerned
with the case than I. read me a lone
letter which he had framed. In which,
among other things, he appealed to the
president to relieve the bitlful anxiety
of tha accused man's wife and parents.
I advised him to cut that out. and
said: "The president cannot and will
not act on those grounds. He must do
what seems to him Justice, however
much his sympathies may excite him
to mercy. Show him the essential Jus
tice of what we are asking for. and
atop there." ". ..v.,v.-";'
The case was examined by the de
parynent of justice, which decided
thathe man's technical guilt waa. too
DECLARATIONS
r.
PARTY LINES
THE reelection of President Wilson
Is urged, irrespective of party af
filiation, by some of America's
greatest men and women, leader In
their fields, whose names are house
hold bywords. Here is what they say:
"I'm for Wilson because he is 'onto'
the Interests' the unseen hands that
8ek to control government and Is
holding them off. I am for Wilson
because I believe he can do more to
enhance the prosperity and assure
peace for this nation than any other
candidate." Henry Ford, automobile
manufacturer.
"A a Progressive, I am supporting
"Wilson because he is the foremost
Progressive in the country today. His
record is one of devotion to Progress
ive principles and of extraordinary
persistence and success in translating
them into law." Bainbridge Colby,
the man who twice nominated Theo
dore Roosevelt for president in Pro
gressive conventions.
"The Democratic party has achieved
the seemingly impossible and is wor
thy of a future trial."F. D. Under
wood, president of the Erie railroad.
"Mr. Wilson has now had four years
of experience, and I think that he has
earned raith and trust. I do not think
It a logical or sensible thing to change
to an Inexperienced and untried 'man
just for the sake of a change." Thorn-
A- Edsn. the electrical wizard, a
Republican.
President's Course During
Hard Period Keeps Peace
Hughes' and Roosevelt's Utterances Warrant Conclusion
That With Either of Them in White House .
War Would Have Ensued,
By Claude
m HE president's detractors deny
Ithat he has kept U3 out of war.
Colonel Roosevelt and Judge
Hughes both say there was no' war
we could get into. It is easy to
prove if these gentlemen mean half
of what they say that this country
would have been plunged into war
with either of them as president dur
ing the last four years.
Roosevelt says he believes In deeds
instead of words. He is thus strik
ing at the president's disposition to
exhaust every reasonable diplomatic
resource before committing the coun
try to a war policy. Mr. Roosevelt
said in Maine that It was our na
tional duty to have protested against
the Invasion of Belgium and he de
nounced President Wilson bitterly for
not doing this.
Does anyone think that Germany
would have turned back her gray
horde from Liege and Namur because
of the protest of the United States,
even though it was made, by the
mighty lion hunter? What then?
Our Teddy Bays he believes in
deeds not words. With what deeds
could he have backed up his futilei
Belgium protest, except with deeds'
of war?
Xoosevelt and the Xttudtasla,
But, pass over Teddy's Belgium coup.
Suppose Bwana Tuumbo to have been
able, merely by the exhibition of his
"terrible swift sword" to have thwart
ed Germany's hopes of a speedy ad
vance into France, and come on down
to the time when the Lusltanla was
sunk.
"More than 100 babies were mur
dered by the Germans bn the Lusi
tania," Roosevelt shrieks, and hi
would have seized at once, he says,
every German vessel interned In the
United States and asked the kaiser
not, what would he give, but what
did he want back?
For less than that Germany de
clared war on Portugal. Seizure of
the shipping of a peacefuj nation is
casus belli. Would the seizure of the
kaiser's shipping have brought back
the lives of the hundred babies?
Now Mexico. Here Teddy Bhlnes.
In a war with Mexico there would
be work for cavalry and room for
more San Juan hill stuff.
"I would have used the Mexican
railroad and gone into any Mexican
city with ' Pershing's army which it
fancv as commander In
cUjief of the American army to enter
manifest to warrant the department's
interference with the due course of
law. Then the president stepped In
and pardoned the man outright, not
because he had a family whose hearts
would break, but because in the higher
justice the man was innocent.
This is the "austerity" of Woodrow
Wilson, the austerity of a man whose
conscience will not permit him to gov
ern his public acts by private senti
ments, who cannot use public offices
to advance the fortunes of those for
whom he feels a personal affection,
who must keep his Judgment cool,
evert when his heart is yearning, the
austerity of a man whose heart can
break, but can never be permitted to
get beyond his own control. -
Onlv a few of us know what Wood-
row Wilson was really undergoing in
the summer and autumn of 1914, when
the world was catching fire from war,
and the foundations of his own life
were crumbling under him. Just as the
war opened my sister died. "I cannot
help thinking." he said, "hat perhaps
she was taken so that, fftp might be
spared the spectacle ofsome awful
calamity." .
It is hard for me to speak in moder
ate terms of the beauty of the Wil
son's married life that married life
which I saw so Intimately for more
than 25 years. They say "the bravest
are the tenderest." and this strongest
man in all the world today has always
been so gentle In his home life that
he has appeared to some too domestic
in the days of the unfortunate col
legiate quarrels in Princeton, one
charge that used to be mad against
him was that he was so shut up In his
home life that he did not know man
and the ways of men.
Lover of Horns Xlf e.
Of course, a man of Woodrow Wil
son's genius for rapid perception
learns mora about men in the flash of
an eye than slower men learn of each
other In whole long afternoons or
clubroom gossip over their highballs.
But in the charge there Is this much
truth, that Mr. Wilson's own fireside
has always been dearer to him than
the thronged marts of casual contacts.
If I were asked to name the leading
and governing characteristic of, this
man, I should Teply ; "That Is not
e&jrft for he is a man of commanding
genius, and genius Is necessarily com
FOR WILSON
DISREGARDED
''Does an American today see big
ger or more dispassionately or more
clearly than President Wilson? I be
lieve that Progressives will see this;
if they don't it is a reflection on their
intelligence." Ida M. Tarbell. author
and publicist.
"His (Wilson's) character as a man,
his sympathetic understanding of the
problems of the day, his record In
office, his unusual ability, preeminent
ly displayed in meeting and dealing
with the three great emergencies of
his administration, and the importance
of maintaining an uninterrupted policy
at this Juncture in world affairs lead
me to believe that the best interests of
our country will be served In keeping
tire present administration and its
party in office. H. A. Garfield, presi
dent of Williams' college, son of Presi
dent Garfield, a Republican.
"My firm conviction Is that Wilson
has more great achievements to his
credit than most presidents who pre
ceded him." Judge Robert H. Lovett,
head of the Union Pacific railroad
system.
"I am going to vote for Wilsspn."
Jane Addams, the well known social
worker.
"I am going to east my first presi
dential vote for Mr. Wilson, not be
cause I am a Democrat, but bedause
I am an Independent, and this is a
time to forget parties." Mary McDow
ell of University Settlement, Chicago.
McColloch.
and so notified Carranza."
Substan
them on
tlally this, Theodore tells
the border.
Fine business. We might expect
the dove of peace thereupon to hover
gently over ths border.
Can you imagine your own senti
ments if you were so unfortunate as
to be the member of a proud though
stricken nation, when an alien race
served notice on you of such inten
tions with regard to your sacred
soil?
Wood's Estimate of tha TMt
General Leonard Wood, who T. R
says knows everything about military
affairs, has stated that it would take
six years and an army of 500,000
Americans to overrun Mexico. Can
the American people doubt from th
utterances of Roosevelt that If he had
been in power the last four years he
would have attempted that very ex
ploit? But, it may be said, Hughes is the
candidate, not Roosevelt.
Very well. Hughes telegraphed his
approval of Roosevelt's Maine speech
and said it was a mighty declaration
of Americanism. So Hughes, like
Roosevelt, would have intervened in
the European war on behalf of Bel
glum, because he, like Roosevelt, is
a man of deeds not words. We have
his own statement for that.
Furthermore, Hughes and Roosevelt
are two souls with but a single
thought about the Lusitanta. Under
forced pressure, Hughes said at Louis
ille that he would have severed dlplo-
Utoiatlc relations with Germany upon
u;e nappening of that event. Sever
ance of relations means war, in times
like these.
Hughes Stands for War.
And Mexico. Time, time, and again
in criticisms of the president's pa
tient policy toward those hapless peo
ple, Hughes has said he would have
used greater force and firmness.
What other or greater force and
firmness could have been used toward
Mexico at any time In the last four
years other than armed force and
military firmness?
Do you believe it's been easy to keep
this country at peace these last four
years? Don't you think the president
has had a mighty hard time of it and
that he has done abgut as well under
the circumstances as any human be
ing could? And that he has kept the
peace with honor? And that he de
serves a vote of trust and confidence
on November 7?
plex; but certainly one of his leading
traits is deep affection. Sometimes in
his public dealings he i forced to
harden his heart deliberately in order
that he may do Justice, but so soon as
he can follow his own. instinct there
emerges, above all his intellectuality
and all his iron firmness of will hi
affection." ' ms
In the family clrple he can give this
affection free reign, and hence he
probably never feels so completely
himself as when he gathers with wife
and daughters and a f.. k
tfriends around the fireside, and al-
uwo ma oyim 10 move him whither it
llsteth. He simply cannot live with
out affection, for this our American
great man. Is no superman, but human
to the core of him.
A Close Comradeship.
In the long years of his and my sis
ter's life together, they were more
completely one than any two people
.1 T m have Deen thrown into
intimate contact. They took color
from each other, as water and sky
reflect each other's moods. Their
tastes in books, pictures, statues and
architecture coalesced. He taught her
to love his prose favoritea. Burke and
Bagehot and Birrell (the first Birrell
book I ever saw was an inscribed gift
book from him to her); she taught
him to love her poetic favorites es
pecially Wordsworth and Browning;
he had a deep and true instinct for
architecture, which he Imparted to her
and she lijj turn quickened his discrim-I
ln&Uon for color in landscape palntlntr
and In nature for she had a skill in
color that would have made her a At.
iniBi naa sne net
her painting secondary to her greater
i - -
o wile uu moiaer.
It Interests me to observe how the
three girls have shared their parents'
tastes and talents: Margaret has her
father's Passion for music; Eleanor.
M.j. McAdoo. her mother's gift for
painting; in young childhood, Jessie
Mrs? Sayre, had something of her
fther'a tasts for literary expression,
and of her mother's taste for art; but
as she waa developed these were over
shadowed by that -which both her
parents had in common, a strong hu
manitarian instinct, which sought sat
isfaction In settlement work until she
was married. - 1 . -
v We often faeau said of a married
pair so often that it has become a
sort of "bromide" "A cross word
never passed between that couple.
have been honestly trying to think it
I ever heard anything approaching an
altercation between Mr. and Mra. Wil
son, and I cannot recall even a shadow
of such. And yet these were no weak
lings; but two spirited people, 'each
with a power of conviction possible
only to very strong characters. They
would sometimes differ in their opin
ions, but their relationship was so
rooted in mutual love and loyalty that
their differences were casual and su
perficial, never fundamental.
Xionellest Man 1a the World.
I was at the White House a great
deal that autumn and I know that tt
is no exaggerated use of worda to say
that he was the loneliest man in all
the world. I remember in particular a
few bitter days when there were only
th.ee of us in the family circle. With
characteristic solicitude for others and
Spartan fortitude he had deliberately
and peremptorily thinned the house
hold for the welfare of others. He had
compelled Margaret and Jessie and
Frank Sayre to go to the summer
home In New Hampshire for a change
of air. He had forced even Dr. Gray
son to take a few days of rest, for he
saw that the doctor himself was In
danger of illness after the strain of
Mrs. Wilson's illness and death. Mr.
and Mrs. McAdoo remained In Wash
ington, and were much at the White
House; but they also had their own
home and obligations.
I can see the lonely figure of the
president now. alktng down the lona
hallway, the hair so much whitened In
the few months. His Intimate friends
often expressed to me the wish that
the president could marry again, aa he
was utterly desolate.
We who love him feel that God Him
self must have directed the circum
stances which brought Mrs. Gait into
the White House circle? But for her
we can only surmise what might have
happened, for not even the strongest
man in the world could bear up in
definitely under that dumb grief. Sun
light and grace radiate from Mrs.
Gait. Her nature is big and generous
and health-giving, and in that pres
ence the president found new life,
found that love without which he can
not live. Their love for each other is
perfect, and we all love her, both for
what she has done for him and for
herself, for to know her is to love her.
She has entered this great career as
simply, as unaffectedly, as unselfish
ly as Bllen Axson entered into the ob
scure career of the young lawyer who
was abandoning law for a new and
untried life of scholarship and teach
ing. To neither woman has condition,
high or low. meant anything; to both
Woodrow Wilson has meant all. v
I have lifted the veil from some
pretty sacred things, and I wonder if
I should have done so. My sustaining
thought is that some day these things
would have to be set forth for men
like Woodrow Wilson belong to the
world at large, and ultimately the Be
crets of their lives must be made
known to the world. The future biog
rapher will relate in detail what I
have summarized, when death shall
have made Woodrow Wilson Imper
sonal. But in greatly conspicuous of
fice there is already something of the
impersonality of death, and so I have,
though not without misgiving, set
down some things which it would be
sacrilege to publish If Woodrow Wil
son were still safe In the obscurity of
a college professorship. Because he Is
what he is in public. It is perhaps true
that the public has some right to
know what he is in private, and so I
have written these things, every word
of which is literal truth.
CONSTRUCTIVE PROGRAM
OF ADMINISTRATION IS
NOT BEING ATTACKED
(Continued From Preceding Tare.)
the south that the man of humanity
and calm was at the helm, not the
Colonel who seised the Panama canal
zone, and thereby lost for us the re
spect and confidence of these very
people to the south and who now
says from Dead Dog Gulch that he
would have gone Into Mexico "up to
the hilt" and that "Bueky" would
I have cleand UP the R1 Grande f ron
tier in six months or weeks, I for
get which.
Really the colonel never should be
president again. It if too quiet a life.
He ought to be a buccaneer a dough
ty discoverer with never a hesitation
or a doubt unless it be a river on a
map.
His words mean war, always war.
They fairly spurt red from between
his- teeth. I wonder if he remembers
when Kn gland and France threatened
to intervene and nettle our affairs for
us during the Civil war and Mr. Sew
ard wrote to our minister In London
if the subject was mentioned again to
close his office and demand his pass
ports. That is what Abraham Lin
coln thou, ht of "Intervention."
And ought we to be hasty to go to
war with Mexico, to slay our son to
serve the "Interests" because there
have been bandit forays?
There were bandit forays In Mis
souri after the war and Missouri could
not check them for a long time. If
she had been a poor neighbor coun
try ought we to have eaten her up?
It Is for us to protect our citizens on
the frontiers our innocent citizens.
Sometimes they are not innocent, but
It is not for us to wipe up desperate
and struggling Mexico because of her
border bandits.
Xlacola's Hzpsrlsacs.
When Mr. Lincoln came up for re
election members of his own cabinet
disapproved his conduct of the war
(Chase left the cabinet). The Repub
lican party split on the subject of his
conduct of the war, and Fremont head
ed the split.
Lincoln's conduct in regard to Ma
son and Slidell was declared "weak"
and "pusillanimous" by the colonels of
the day. Mason and Slidell, Confeder
ate commlsloners to England, were
taken from a British steamer by Cap
tain Wilkes commanding one of our
war vessels. He was voted the thanks
of congress and a sword. He was a
hero. But Great Britain demanded the
release of the prisoners, and Lincoln
ordered them to he released, saying
it is International law of our own mak
ing In the war of 1812. we must abide
by it. Besides he added with Lincoln
humor to his sour cabinet "one war
. .. ...i. .
. t a iime. out. infl nuKiiesM ana tn.
cuionels of that day were not pleased.
So unpopular was Lincoln with the
politicians and aa they thought, with
the people, that i they suggested that
he retire from the candidacy for re
election in favor of Grant. He made
a noble reply: "If Grant can end the
war better in my place I will step
out." But the plain silent American
citizen swept the sad faced patient
man back, to hla unfinished task by
a tidal wave of votes. And alas, they
swept him into martyrdom. What
would history now say had the great
emancipator been repudiated and re
tired. - ' .
What wui the Future Bayf
What will tha future say if, his task
Act Brings Together
Farmer
Rural Credits Law Provides Machinery for Long, Tfme
Loans at Reasonable Rates for Farmer and Safe In
vestment for Purchaser; What Act Provides. , .
LAND BANKS AND FARM LOAN ASSOCIATIONS FORM;
By Henry
United States Senator Piosa ew Hampshire.
MODERN farming requires capital
in large amounts. The American
farmer has the best security in
the world productive land. ' The rural
credits bill enables the "farmer to ob
tain capital for productive purposes
at low rates and for long terma on
the security of his farm.
The successful farmer becomes more
of a business man each year. He must
use more machinery, buy more fertil
izer, and sow better seed. He must
erect better buildings, raise belter
stock, and grow better crops. He must
store his produce In order to sell in
a high market. He must pay cash in
order to buy cheap. If he wishes to
keep his children on the farm he must
make his home attractive. All of this
costs money. He must have ready
cash. ....
Commercial banks are not suuea u.
the requirements of the farmer. Their
deposits are mainly on demand or on
hort time, so that they cannot safely
tie their funds u in long time loans.
Tnose who loan to the farmer on mort
gage muat have access to funds that
are seeking long term Investment.
Of money seeking long term invest
ment at low rates there is an abund
ant supply. It Includes the ordinary
savings of the school teacher, clerk,
minister and wage earner; the pro
ceeds of life Insurance in the hands of
widows and other beneficiaries, funds
belonging to estates, minors and wards
In chancery, in the hands of execu
tors, guardians and trustees; funds of
liisurance companies, benevolent or
ders and societies of various kinds; en
dowments of colleges. hospitals,
museums and other Institutions; and
assets to be Invested by receivers,
courts and governments. The aggre
gate of these is enormous. They re
quire an investment that is absolutely
safe and reasonably liquid in the sense
that It may be converted into cash
upon moderate notice; In other words,
that it may find a ready market. A
safe Investment of this character need
not carry a high rato of Interest,
investor and .Tanner Brought Together.
We may picture the owners of this
vast wealth grouped on one side of a
river, the farmers dosinng loana
Grouped ,pn the other side. It is evi
dent that each has what the other
wants. We are asked to furnish the
bridge which shall bring them in touch,
or, rather, to grant a franchise to
those who will build the bridge If we
will construct the approaches. Such
we conceive to be a proper function
of the government.
It is evident that the school teacher
in Vermont with $600 to Invest cannot
be sure that the Nebraska farm mort
gage offered her is a aound Invest
ment. The title of the mortgagor may
be defective; the farmer may be im
provident; the land may not be pro
ductive. She has no way to ascertain
these primary facts. But If she is
able to buy a long term bond, with
semi-annual coupons sure to be prompt
ly paid, secured In common with thou
sands of like bonds on millions of
t'ollars' worth of farm lands, guar
anteed by 12 banks with an aggregate
capital, of not less than 19,000,000,
with selected borrows of known char
acter, with titles examined and all
details attended to by trained men,
and with government examination and
supervision, she may Invest with con
fidence on a moderate income basis.
ProrlsloKB of the Bill.
Ths rural credits act provides for a
farm loan board, which shall have gen
eral control over the system; 12 or
more land banks which make loans on
mortgage to the farmer, and many
farm loan associations which repre
sent the farmers in their dealings with
the land banks.
The farm loan board is non-partisan,
consisting of four members, in addi
tion to the secretary of the treasury.
Each land bank must have a capital
of at least $750,000. If the public
does not subscribe the entire amount,
the government will take the balance.
The farm loan associations are pure
ly cooperative, made up entirely of
borrowing farmers. Ton or more farm
ers may apply to tha land bank of the
district for a charter. Every farmer
v.-ho wishes to borrow must become a
member of the loan association, tak
ing stock to the amount of five per
cent of the face of hla loan. The loan
association takes out an equal amount
of stock in the land bank, forwarding
the money at once to the land bank.
The land bank sends an official ap
praiser to examine the land, and, if
the loan is made, forwards the funds
to the farmer through ths loan associa
tion. When the land bank has mortgages
on hand to the amount of $60,000, it
may issue a like amount of farm loan
bonds on the security of ths mortgages
r.g collateral. The land bank ia lim
ited in its issue of bonds to 20 times
Its capital and surplus, but as each
lorrower puts up flv per cent of his
loan In cash for capital stock, the is
suing powefof the land bank increases
automatically.
The loan associations are purely co
operative. All mortgages taken by the
land bank from the members of a loan
association are indorsed by it.
Farm loan bonds Issued by sny land
bank are guaranteed by all the other
land banks, so that they have a broad
insurance.
Security of Bonds.
Every farm loan bond is secured as
follows:
1. By the capital, reserves and earn-
all unfinished, the world still aflame,
the American people repudiate ths
great constructive statesman Wood
row Wilson? I know in my soul they
will not prefer the evasive Hughes,
the fire breathing colonel, each In his
way condemning all the calm sanity
of our president. Each, if he Is to be
believed, leading on to war.
When I see life long Republicans
like Edison. Burbank, Burroughs,
Ford, railroad presidents like the heads
of the Union Pacific, the Erie, the
Wabash; Independent Journalists Ilka
Victor Murdock. Marion Reedy, Os
wald Vlllard; Progressives like Bain
bridge Colby. Stephen Wise. Amos Pin
chot. Judge Nortonl, Jans Addams, and
hosts of such people uniting with ths
miners, railroad men and labor every
where lor. inn neiwiioD oi WOOdrow
Wilson I know we shall not b humlll
ated Jn- history.
and Investot
F. Hollis.
lugs of the land bank which issues it.
2. By the capital, reserves and earn
ings of the 11 other land banks. .
8. By the collective security of ail
the mortgages in th land bank, ths
mortgages pledged being at least equal
In amount to the outstanding bonds.
Every mortgage pledged as collateral
is secured as follows: .
1. By the personal undertaking of ,
the borrower. - 7
2. By the security of the mortgaged
land at . least double In value to ths
amount of the loan. . r .. '
S. By the capital, reserves and earn- .
ings of the local association indorsing
the loan, ,
4 By the individual liability of ths
members of the Indorsing association.
It is believed that these bonds will
be marketed at par on a four psresot
basis. The maximum charge for sx
pnses and profits of the system Is '
one per cent on the face of .. out
aianding mortgages, so that tha farmer
should get his money at five per cent. .
All the profits go to the loan associa
tions In dividends, and thus to ths
borrowers who are the shareholders In '
the local associations. -
long Term fcoans. '
Loans to farmers are on long term,
and may be aa long as 40 years. . They ,
are on the amortization plan, SO that
vlth each interest payment the bor
rower will pay In a rmall amount on
his principal. If he pays in one per
cent of the principal yearly, he will c
icy out In 38 years. ' ' v,V.'-
Loans must be or first mortgage and
may not exceed 60 per cent of the ap
praised value of the land plus SO per
cent of the insured value of ths build. -Ings.
The loan committee and the
board directors first pass on ths value
of the land and the character of. ths
farmer. Before the land bank makes
the loan Its board of .directors passes .
upon It and has the land appraised, by
a land bank appraiser, who las govern
ment official. In this way absolute
safety Is secured for each loan., r , M
The Interest of the members of the
local association is secured by their
ownership of stock, -and by their in
dividual liability, as the case may be.
Moat of the local work of investiga
tion, collecting payments, and forward
lng funds Is done by them without
expense. Their expenses will be Vry
light. .
The mortgages and farm loan bonds
will be exempt from taxatloM and ths
bonds will be a legal investment for.
trust funds. 'VVL
It Is believed that the system of land
banks outlined affords a ssfs and at
tractive farm loan bond for the invest
!ng public; low interest rates, long
term mortgages, and easy payments
for the farmers; low cost of adminis
tration; simplicity of organisation and
operation; adaptability to ths needs of
every section; and stimulation to the
spirit of generous cooperation among
farmers.
Hughes Candidacy; ;
Is Disappointing
Hew Tork Xvsslng rost and Wichita
Zagle Abandon Bepablleas , OasdL.
data as Campaign Draws to Clots .
Two great newspapers, one an In
fluential Progressive organ and 'ths
other Independent in politics and ones
favoring Hughes, have recently de
clared his candidacy a disappointment.
The Wichita Eagle, edited by .Vio
tor Murdock and ths official Bull
Moose paper in Kansas, in declaring
the Hughes candidacy a disappoint"
men t, urges all Independent and pro-.'
gre.slve citizens' to vote for the re
election of President Wilson. ' ,' . i
The New Tork Evening Post with
its influence and its prestige has defi
nitely abandoned the Hughes cause.
"It is not necessary to say what
hopes we pinned on Mr. Hughes,"
said the Post In a recent editorial.
"If others are cast down by ths rssutt,
ws are more so." " '
The Wichita Eagle until Its recent
snnouncement had not committed
Itself as to its preference for-iths
presidency. But with ths election only
a few days away, with ths Issues of '
the campaign before the voters, it
said: "It is time for ths independent
voter to get off the fsncs; he must .
be making his choice.
"The logic of events, ths issues as
they are now Joined, the facts as they .
exist, lead to the selection of Wood
row Wilson as ths presidential choice
by those citizens who would mors cer
tainly further progressive principles
so vital in a republic and to civilisa
tion Itself." v.'i '"..
The Evening Post has abandoned
Hughes through sheer disappointment,
confessing as it does so that It waotsd '
to see in him a candidate it could
support. -
"Ths Hughes failure Is, indeed,
something like a calamity. TV'i dtl
Intellectually poorer. It Is as If ths
props had been knocked from under
us," reads tho Post's recent statement,
"He has left the country cold. Thou- '
sands who were ready to be drawn to
him are left halting between two opin
ions. Most of the votes cast for- him
will be without seal or anticipation."
Ex-Governor Takes!
Stump for Wilson
Cheyenne,' Wyo., Oct. 15. Joseph M.
Carey, former Republican governor of
WyomHig, has taken ths stump tor
Woodrow Wilson. His speeches are
being received with enthusiastic dem
onstrations. ,: j -;.',
i "I was member of what 'waa the
Progressiva party." ths former gorer- :
nor said In his first address. fci wes
a member of the resolutions commit
tee of tbs convention which nominated .
Theodora Roosevelt in 111, and I
thank God that 1 had a parti in the
proceedings of that convention.
"Two-thirds of th platform that
was there adopted has been enacted
Into law by Woodrow Wilson.
-Now I am left without a party,, but
with my conscience clear, I propose
to vote and work for th continuation ,
In office of that man who has had th
stamina to work for the enactment cf
these principles Into law,'' ,