THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY CORNING, SEPTEMBER t24, 1516.
Al iSDtPINDCirr WEWSPAPEB.
1
. JACKSON Pobllsber
Psbllibed Try dir. aftaroooa and morsing
' lr"T ar erteroeoii). at Tb journal
, jBoUmo,Bcod1'7 Hi Yamhill streets.
FX tared at the postnfflee at Portland, Or., for
transmission through tba nail aa second
class Batter.
TELEPHONES Main T1T3; Home, va-SOSl.
All departments reached by ttese numbers.
-' Tail tba operator what department you waut.
rOEEIOIf ADVERTISING BEPBBBNTATIVB
j F'ntsmln Kentnor Co., Brunswick Bide,
. ' 22 Flfts Ae.. WowJfork. 1218 People'
Bids., Chicago.
Subscription terms br null or to any address
' 1 tba United States or Mexico:
DAILY. XHORNINO OE AJTEBKOON)
t (ot rear... $3.00 I One moots....'... .60
' -..;.'y ' .- ; SUNDAY
On year. s" $2.50 I One montb .25
- DAJLT MORMN(l OR AFTERNOON) AND
. SUNDAY
. Ona year.. 17.50 I Ona month $ M
. 'America aaka nothing for herself but what
' iba baa a right to ak (or humanity ltaelf.
V WO0DBOW WILSON.
'Millions for defense, but not a cent fnr
tribute CHARLES C. PINCKNKY.
t And all Mile isfembly (hall know that
the Lord aareth out with swirrd and spear.
Hamuel 17-17.
OUR COLLEGES
REGON'S colleges are thriving
this fall. Reed, which does
., y quality, nas turned away
many applicants. The state uni
rerslty has registered more f resh
, men than ever before. The agri-
.cultural college has what the "Da
, rometer" calls "an enormous reg
istration." - This is encouraging. Well edu-1
cated youth are the hope and stay
Of the state. The more who make
their way through college the bet
ter. The modern college ia comlns:
into close touch with life. It gives
Its students something incompara
t blr better than the drv bones of
Latin grammar and mathematical
puzzles..
Bearing upon the practical bent
Of. modern educators one might
. mention the "Rural Survey of Lane
County," written by Professors
- Ayre and Morse, which the state
1 .university has published.
' The survey covers almost every
thing one could think of, roads,
bridges, schools, churches, farms
and - community life with a great
. deal more. As to farms it is pleas
ing to notice that their average
j size' is decreasing in Lane county.
It began with 382 acres in 1870
, and has run down the scale to 172,
nearly, in 1910. This Is decidedly
ta good record. What we want in
the United States is not a few im-mense-
estates worked by tenants
but,-, a great many small farms
iforked by the men and women
'who own them.
. We dare say the sale of small
tracts near Eugene has brought
, down the average size of Lane
"county farms pretty rapidly of late
years. Nothing attracts the trav
eler's attention In that section
more agreeably than the numerous
small and neatly tilled homesteads
; within a few miles of the town.
The social advantages of home-
- owners compared with renters Is
exemplified by a fact mentioned on
;"Jage 31 of the survey. "A school
teacher of one community reported
that VU was impossible to arouse
or maintain any interest In educa-
tional matters or in the improve
ment, of the school and its equip
: ment, because the community was
aV community of renters who moved
, ,' almost annually."
1 "t; The theorists who wish to abol
j lsh the private ownership of farms
may well meditate tearfully on
this little item. Thousands like
It come from Oklahoma and Texas
where more land Is falling into
tenantry every year. We gather
from page 31 of the survey that
dancing is the favorite rural amuse
, ; ment In Lane county, as It has
been everywhere on earth since
-time began. Herbert Spencer re-
marks pointedly on the function of
rhythmic movement In human hls-
" tory. "The majority of the public
" halls," sayB the survey, "seem to
, find their primary social function
as dance halls." Some may be
horrified at this.
But the terrifying thing Is the
, backward state of the rural
Churches In Lane county. Only
.1! per cent of them have as many
as 10$ members, while 21 per cent
have, but 10 members or less each.
We may charitably assume that the
latter are new churches, though
they may be dying old ones. There
are many such the country over.
I The average membership of Lane
county's rural churches does not
appear to exceed 60. The survey
heraldg.to the world In big type
on page EO that "after 64 years of
' organized church work" no more
than,. "18.1 per cent of the total
- population of Lane county, exclu
sive, of Eugene, ' are members of
local churches," " i
' This; Is , one of. the, discouraging
facts we.'spoice of. It must not be
rashlyjtakeavfor Tanted .that the
survey 1 Is i published, ia a spirit of
hostility to the churcties. Nothing
cf the sort is true. It was made In
lorBweisEjrEegssBBBBw
aa. i; TgJavaVaVaajaaaieaQjlega
collaboration with the Presbyterian
church and under the "local aus
pices of the committee reprint-!
lng the Interdenominational eon- j
ference" which Is held annually atj
the university.
The rural ' survey upon which
we have thus too briefly "com-;
mented la a fine specimen of the'
work of the modern college. Noj
wonder voune men and women of;
lively Intelligence are fiocmng to
get their share of ita benefits. The
college is becoming less and less
an agreeable loafing place for rich
men's idle sons, . less and less a
cloistered retreat or vague dream
ers, and much more every year a
place for vital, interesting and
telling work.
That students . are' flocking . to
the colleges . this fall all the ac
counts demonstrate, The agricul
tural college, has students from 23
states other than Oregon. Califor
nia furnishes 88 of them. Thero
are 17 students from foreign coun
tries. It is pretty clear that the
reputation of our state agricultural
college is looking up in the world.
Oregon has In this institution some
thing to be proud of, which "people
in other parts of the world ap
preciate. It is predicted by the
college authorities at Corvallis that
they will have 2000 students this
year. The state university expects
a correspondingly large entering
class. All looks hopeful and bright
for our schools.
The county clerk reports more
weddings during this leap year than
during the preceding year, and it
is a foregone conclusion that the
grooms will contend in future years
that their wives did the proposing.
POPULATION AND FOOD
THE Law of Malthus teaches
that while the food supply
of the world can only increase
in an arithmetical progres
sion, the number of human beings
naturally Increases in geometrical
ratio. The population of the world
grows like the cost of the nails In
the horse's shoe, at one penny for
the first nail, two for the second,
four for the third and so on. The
poor farmer had at that rate to
pay the blacksmith several billion
dollars for shoeing his team.
Malthus, who was a pious 'cler
gyman of the Church of England,
did not say that mankind was ever
likely tQcome up to this possible
rate of increase. But he thought
the tendency was decidedly In that
direction in spite of several factors
which keep population down. One
of those factors, famine, was more
active in his day than now. Our
better transportation makes famine
rare except in war time. Malthus
spoke of wars as one of the most
effective preventives of overpopu
lation. The ancient Greeks held
the same opinion. They often re
marked how kind it was of the
gods to send wars into the world
to prevent man from starving.
The Law of Malthus. has been
staggered a little by modern scien
tific achievements. Since we really
began to delve Into nature's se
crets it seems as if there were no
limit to the quantity of food that
can be produced. Plenty of people
are starving today, but It is not
because production falls. It is
because the food supply Is grabbed
by a minority who waste enough
to feed all those In want.
The waste of food and other
necessaries of life is one of the
sickening phenomena of the world
we live in. ReaderB of Jack Lon
don's "Valley of the Moon" will
recall his descriptions of the eata
bles thrown Into San Francisco bay
"to keep the market steady." The
Bame thing is going on in almost
every American city. But the worst
waste is in the households of the
wealthy classes.
. It has been noticed in recent
years that with the increase of
comfort and intelligence among
large classes of people the birth
rate begins to fall off. Some per
sons deplore this fact, but to others
It augurs a conservative force in
society which makes for keeping
the advantages we have gained by
hard struggle.
Malthus was undeniably right
In teaching that the increase of
population must bring misery upon
mankind if It proceeds unchecked.
But if nature- herself has supplied
a check we are not so perilously
situated as might have appeared
at first.
The more recent tendency among
certain thinkers is not to trust to
nature In this matter but to apply
human intelligence to the limita
tion of race increase. Most read
ers have heard of the controversy
which has arisen over this question
and some have taken sides upon It.
Malthus, the staid old clergyman,
would no doubt be astonished to
see the consequences which have
flowed from his scholarly specula
tions in the seething turmoil of
current lifel
What are we. to think when the
Oregonian begins to advertise for
people to wear Hughes buttons?
CHEMAWA .
IT IS to be hoped that the Indian
training school at Chemawa will
not be discontinued. Whatever
the conditions militating against
the institution, they should be
remedied, if possible, and the
school maintained. ; ;
Superintendent Halt Kbs reported
to the Salem-Commercial club 'that
the government Is seriously consid
ering the, diversion of the 'mainte
nance, appropriation for Chemawa
to the school at Tacoma, and the
consequent abandonment of the
Oregon school ,
For many years Chemawa has
had high rank aa an Indian train
ing school. It hat gone hand in
hand with Carlisle in the educa
tion of the Indian ' youth; It' has
made a fine record And it would
be most regrettable for It to-be
discontinued.
A candidate for congress in the
state of Washington spent $18.70
for "ladies, teaV according to the
campaign expense account filed.
Was that not In violation of the
corrupt practices act?
AUTOTHERAPY
THE medical,, world 1 getting
stirred up lately over the euhP
Ject of ','autotherapyV; The
main promoter of . this novel
method in the healing -art seems
to be Dr. Charles H. Duncan, who
has wrltteff"upon it in the Medical
Record and elsewhere. .Autother
apy is, in principle, not unlike the
practice of injecting "autogenous"
serums, into the human system.
These serums, as the reader will
remember, is prepared with germs
taken from the patient's mouth,
throat or some other infected part.
When all is ready it is injected
into his body and marvelous con
sequences ensue, .; e told not long
ago about a patient, who was cured
of serious ailments by the use of
an autogenos Berum prepared from
a smalL ulcer on his face. We can
now speak of another who was
cured of annoying rheumatism in
his fingers in a similar way. In
the latter case the serum was pre
pared from an infected tooth and
tonsil.
These circumstances appear al
most incredible until one has in
vestigated them. When he has,
they exhibit themselves as in per
fect accord with natural law.
Wherever injurious germs exist in
the body they yield a poison which
tends to destroy them. This has
been demonstrated by countless
experiments. Hence to destroy
such germs artificially we have
only to bring the proper germ
created poison to bear upon them.
This may be done by Injecting an
autogenous serum.
But Dr. Duncan modifies the pro
cess. He has noticed that in Rus
sia when one hound of a pack goes
mad the others attack and kill
him. In doing so they are severely
bitten but if they swallow any
of the mad dog's blood they remain
Immune. This means that the mad
dog's blood contains a substance
which neutralizes the germs of
rabies. Dr. Duncan also noticed
that a wound upon a dog healed
quickly when the animal himself
could lick it, which Is indeed a
matter of common observation.
From facts of this nature a novel
procedure In surgery has been In
vented. It consists in protecting
wounds from infection by treating
them with blood already Infected
or by saliva from the patient's
mouth. The results reported from
the new process are wonderful.
Let us hope that the Icelandic
ship Gullfoss, the first ship of that
nation to enter Nsw York harbor
since the year 1000, will be so
successful in her voyage that an
other 900 years will not elapse
before she returns.
A GARDEN SPOT
IT IS interesting to hear that the
people of the Rogue River valley
about Medford are planning to
bring nearly thirty thousand
acres of land under Irrigation.
Still more interesting Is the relation
of what has Jteen accomplished by
experimental irrigation In the val
ley. Rogue River land is fertile and
productive without irrigation, yet
trials have shown that It is twice
as productive when irrigated.
Where water has been turned on
young orchards the trees have
made surprising growth and are
giving abundant promise of ex
ceptional yields.
With the recognized productivity
of the valley as it now lies, In
creased two fold by irrigation it
will be a garden spot worth travel
ing far to see.
The Salem news dispatches tell
us that Joe Singer has made a
hero of himself by discovering a
fire in a stock barn at the fair
grounds. It would be interesting
to watch Mr. Singer try to put out
a fire and give directions at the
same time.
CAMPAIGN HUMBUGS
JUDGE HUGHES indulges in a
sorry species of humbuggery
in his tariff talk. "We must
protect American labor and
American standards of living," is
his cry. How much did the protec
tive tarlft proteet American labor
and American standards of living
in the Steel Trust's Pittsburg in
ferno, or In Colorado, or at Law
rence, Massachusetts, or in the Me
saba Range?
Labor knows that no employer
will, as a rule, pay any more wages
than he Is obliged to pay. Though
the tariff were as high aa Hainan's
gallows it would not cause a soli
tary employer to raise wages one
poor penny unless pressure from
labor unions, or scarcity of hands
or some other economic factor com
pelled him.
When the- government gives an,
employer the benefit of a tariff
he puts the proceeds In his pocket
and lets labor whistle for its share.
This has always been so much the
rale that the redoubtable Colon.;!
when he exacted and beautified;
the presidency nrged congress to
enact a law compelling protected
employers to divide np their-tariff
plunder with, their workmen.,, But
the law has never been (Snacted.-
The pretense that the, tariff is
for the protection of American la
bor ls the most shallow knd impu
dent of all campaign humbugs. The
proceeds of protection . aje'jfor , the,
money magnates and not "for la
bbr. Labor' wins waget Increases '
by its own efforts and not by vir-)
tue of any tariffs. j
I Labor knows too that the. pre-;
tended protection offered It by
tariff laws , is sickening hypocrisy
is Jong . as foreign competitdfs ln-:
the labor market are . admitted- to
.the United States without -practical
check.' -Zitfrx: --j.!. -,
: ; ' I
Adjutant General Wilson, acting i
in his dual capacity of employment
agent for the members of the
National Guardsmen., should have
no 'difficulty in securing positions
for the boys who are seeking work.
They gave up positions to go to
the front when the call came. Their
patriotism should not be rebuked ;
by enforced idleness when their
service has ended.
OREGON SLAVES
THERE la a good deal of evi
dence to show that slavery
was' fairly familiar to the
s early pioneers in Oregon.
Fred Lockley has an article in the
current number of the Historical
Society's Quarterly which collects
most of the facts on' the subjec
with interesting comments. But
Mr. Lockley does not mention the
Indian slaves who were held by the
settlers on French Prairie.
Some Of these settlers were old
employes of the Hudson's Bay com
pany who had been allowed to take
up land on the prairie, contrary
to the monopoly's usual policy.
The company had supplied them
with seed, utensils and stock and
on their farms, tilled after a slov
enly fashion by their lazy Indian
slaves, they lived lives of arcadian
delight. The one fact which history
seems unmistakably to disclose
About those Indians Is that they
were better adapted to slavery than
to anything else. No doubt they
enjoyed themselves far more in
slipshod servitude than they ever
did in freedom.
Mr. Lockley points out that
while slavery never existed official
ly In Oregon, nevertheless, some
of the pioneers actually held negro
slaves and he quotes a curious deed
of manumission which may be
seen in the county records at Hills
boro. The deed dates back to the
time when Multnomah county was
part pf Washington county and
Hlllsboro was the capital city of
the whole region.
On June 26, 1844, slavery was
prohibited in Oregon by the Pro
visional legislature. But that body
marred Its humane work by for
bidding free negroes to live here.
If free negroes remained longer
than the designated time they
were to be whipped, receiving "not
less than twenty nor more than
thirty-nine 6tripes upon his or her
bare back." By later enactment
the offender was to be sold Into a
servitude which could have dif
fered but little from slavery.
This relic of our early barbar
ism should be valued for Its chas
tening Influence upon our pride.
It may stand side by side with
New England's witchcraft laws.
Down in Florida a man named
Knott is running for governor j
against a man named Catt. If Mr.
Catt Is not elected he will proba
bly yowl, but If Mr. Knot i3
elected he will not care whether
Mr. Catt yowls, or not.
OUR FOOD
Avj. i rffiruivAiv i magazine
tells us that from an 18-1
acre field in Washington a j
yield of 117 bushels of wheat
to the acre has been obtained.
This compares favorably with the
average yield of 17 bushels the
country over. There is another
equally remarkable field in Wash
ington.. It produced 184 bushels
of oats' to the acre, which again
compares favorably with, the aver
age yield of 38 bu&hels. The best
field of potatoes the '.United States
has seen is In .California. Its
record la 790 bushels to the acre.
Science, money and hard work
can do amazing things when they
are applied to the soil. They make
ordinary yields of grain and vege
table's look like the ineffectual .play
of, children. Even the figures we
have quoted above do not tell all
that agriculture can do. Prince
Kropotkln cites still more astonish
ing results in some of his wonder
ful essays on agriculture. Those
who worry over a possible failure
of mankind's food supply may per
haps quiet their minds by the study
of these veracious accounts.
Still there is limit beyond
which capital and labor applied to
the' land cease to bring in profits,
no matter how much science may
be mixed with them. Economists
speak of this as the law of dimin
ishing returns. For the ordinary
farmer the law of diminishing re
turns begins to operate before he
has done a great deal to increase
his crops. He soon comes to a
pass where bigger crops do not, for
him mean bigger profit.y
- vTnls happens because ils mar
kets are " limited, uncertain and
? 1 ' - A " '
often entirely lacking. If our mar
keting science were anywhere near
equal to our science of production
Oregon farmers would double or
treble "their " crops without much
Increased expenditure either of
money- or labor.- - --tr'
' if is to be hoped that the yisi
of Chief Engineer ; Merrill of the
forest service will result 'In many
miles of good roads through the
national forests of : Oregon. Such
roads would link- the widely distant
sections of the. state into much
more" Intimate association.
Letters ; From the People
(Oomnranicattona aent to The "7araa for
publication in -hl ,4avartment abould be writ'
teav-oa ouly 'one aide of tbe paper, ehopky ot
excee euewda to length, and muat be ae
coaipaoied by Uia name and addresa of tue
ender. If the wrltei doea not desire to hafa
tue tuw published be anoold so atste. , ---
' "aXsensaltja la tb area test of all refaemera.
t rttfcmalilea Terrtiiinit it toachee. it robe
irutcipies ol all falsa sanctity and tbrowa wen
ack on their reasonableness. 'If taey bare no
reasonableness. It ruthlessly crushes tbem out
of existence and sets up ita own conclusions la
their stead." Woodrow Wilson.
A Critic Contradicted.
f Introductory to the esteemed con
tribution below, . the Chicago Tribune,
a staunch supporter of Mr, Hughes,
has the following about Mr. Hughes'
Milwaukee speech.
"The first burst of applause came
when he said in the principal city of
the state of La Follette that the La
toilette teamen s bill must ba re
pealed; the next, when he said that
the Underwood tariff must be repealed
by a protective tariff; the third, when
he -declared that the whole adminis
tration legislative accomplishments
must be wiped off the-books for the
good of the country."
The Tribune's statement contradicts
practically all the statements of the
correspondent in the article below.
Portland, Sept. 22. To the Editor of
The Journal Your leading editorial in
the issue for September 21 in answer
to Mr. Hughes' Springfield speech Is
cne that should cause every voter to
sit up and consider. Mr. Hughes, as
was his right, charged Mr. Wilson
with playing politics In his prevention
of the railroad strike. That state
ment was not a general charge it was
a citation of a particular instance and
should be honored as such. That
statement was not of such a nature
as to call forth your ill-willed answer.
When one has finished reading your
editorial he is left, as ybu no doubt
desired, in the belief that Mr. Hughes
actually is opposed to and actually
has denounced all those various laws
which you enumerate. Such Is not
the truth. It Is this that I would
have the voter consider. The Demo
cratic party is pledged to beat Hughes,
fair means or foul, and nothing but
foul means have so rar been employed.
This Is a time of great national dis
turbance. Two men of the highest
personal character are candidates for
the office of president. The one can
didate has decided that the best way
to defeat his opponent is to "show up"
the weakness of his record; the party
of the other is doing all In Its power
to discredit the words of its opponent,
to put words into the mouth of its op
ponent which he never uttered, to
make game of his earnestness and in
general to blacken his name. The one
method Is honorable. It is the method
that the Democrats employed in
1!12. The other is a dishonorable
and cowardly method. It is the method
used by the Democrats In 1916.
If your criticism of Hughes that
he is unable to find any good in the
record of the Democratic party Is just,
is not. a criticism of youhat .are un
able tcfflnd.srti'y af In -wflsoft'i'fecord
or any good in "Hughes', equally jnst?
Let us be at least rational. Personal
animosity of the kind harbored by the
Democratic party against Hughes Is a
weakness that might well be eradi
cated. A. JOHNSON.
Street Improvement Penalties.
Portland. Sept. 21. To the Editor
of The Journal We read with horror
of the rates of interest exacted by
the rich bankers of Venice, Florence,
Augsburg and other continental cities
during the middle ages, and we thank
heaven that we live rts more civilised
times ourselves. Butjfe have, right
In our own city, something that is
even worse. I rfer to the new and
drastic ordinance that governs the
handling of ci assessments for
street and sewer Improvements, in
operation since July of last year.
It seems to me a great pity that
the Realty Board, the Chamber of
Commerce or the Rotary club do not
wake to the fact that penalties are
piling up on many people to such an
extent that they will surely lose their
property unless relief of some sort
is had.
There have been sales lately of
property for assessments, and In ad
dition to penalties, advertising ex
penses, etc., added by "the city, there
is a 5 per cent penalty added for the
benefit of the purchaser, and 90 days
thereafter, 5 per cent more, and the
whole thing draws 10 per cent inter
est per annum. Under this dreadful
system, property that has been bond
ed at 6 per cent interest, payments
to stretch along for ten years, is no
longer subject to installment charges.
It must be paid off in a lump, or the
property will be lost.
All this goes on, putting money
Into the treasury to take up improve
ment bonds years before they are
due, and all much against the wishes
of the holders of the bonds.
Comparatively few people that one
meets are aware of the situation.
There will be a rude awakening; es
pecially In Monta villa, where the -people
are heavily assessed for the new
sewer, and where there are many de
linquencies, partly because the. people
do not. know how drastic and usurious
the new ordinance is, and partly be
cause they are not so careful to keep
up their payments as they should be.
I believe that there Is no subject
that The Journal can more fitly ven
tilate than this, especially In view of
a recent editorial of yours calling
attention to the general statute re
lating to tax penalties.
TAXPAYER.
Trouble on Dana Street.
Portland, Sept. 19. To the Editor
of' The Journal When, the cit liens
and taxpayers ef Portland with rest
dences strung the entire length of
Dana Street are considered as nulli
ties by the city engineer and the
contractors who are building the O-W.
R. & N. tunnel, under Dana street!
and abselntelr oo attention is paid
to their pnght,' It is m for people
both inside and outside of Portland
who may consider cororng here to Hv
to -t up and take notice.
Under Dana ' street there" is a tun
iel.' running lengthwise. The street
has sunk several feet In the middle
and to each sida. Neither grocery,
batcher nor fuel wagons can travel
long this street. 'Flre wagons can
not travel upon It. The taxpayers
and rrtsidents are arbitrarilr shut off.
amd with the full consent of their city
engineer, from - access, : t- the outer
world along the street. '. Shafts are
oak' mi. . many points.:- The ground Is
cracked - as if 'from : aa v e&rthquaka
along its way. ' A iight'or two is "
played t at night ,- by the contracting
firm, here and there only,' nor do the
I REMEMBER
By Thomas Hood
I REMEMBER, I remember
The house whre 1 was born,
The little window where the sun
Came creeping In at morn.
He never came a wink too soon,
- Nor. brought too long a day;
But Itow 1 often wish the night
Had borne my breath awayi
- I remember, I remember
The roses, red and white,
The violets, and the lily-cups
Those flowers made of light l
The lilacs where the robin built,
And where my brother set
The laburnum on hi$ birthday
. "The-tree is living yetl
. s ,,.t. remember, I remember
' 'f- .Where 1 .was used to swing,
" ;jfo4 thought the air must rush as fresh
To swallows on the wing;
My spirit flew in feathers then,
That is so heavy now,
And summer pools could hardly tool
The fever on my brow.
I remember, I remember
The fir trees dark and high;
I used to think their slender tops
Were close against the sky.
It was a childish ignorance,
But now 'tis little joy
To know I'm farther off from heaven
Than when I was a boy.
THE BIBLE IN
. From the Kansas City Star.
A recent article in one of the leading
magazines spoke of Shakespeare as
"irreligious." There seems to exist a
general opinion that the great drama
tist was indifferent to the Christian
religion. To refute this Idea the Rev.
William Burgess of Chicago has writ
ten a book, "The Bible In Shakespeare,"
to prove that the dramatist drew large
ly from the Bible for his loftiest
thoughts and noblest inspirations; that
he employed Scripture teachings, facts,
poetry, philosophy and language in his
writings; that he was a sincere be
liever in the teachings of the Bible and
that he was in fact an orthodox Chris
tian. Mr. Burgess shows that in
Shakespeare's day the Bible was the
standard literature of England. The
time had passed away when It was a
crime to print, eell or read the Bible
In England. It was no longer a forbid
den book and it was almost the only
book within reach of the common peo
ple. "In his "History of the English Peo
ple' Green gives us a picture of the re
lation the Bible at that time sustained
to the people. It was the one English
book familiar to all. It was read in
churches and read In the homes, and
everywhere its words, as they fell on
ears not deadened to their force or
beauty by long familiarity, kindled en
thusiasm. Sunday ater Sunday, day
after day. the crowds that gathered
round Bonner's Bibles in the nave of
St. Paul's, In London, or the family
group that hung on the words of the
Geneva Bible in the devotional exer
cises In the homes, were leavened with
a new literature.
Legends and annals, war songs and
psalms, state rolls'and biographies, the
mighty voice of prophets, the parables
af the evangelists, stories of mission
Journeys, of perils by the sea and
among the heathen, philosophic argu
ments, apocalyptic visions, all "were
flung broadcast over minds unoccupied
for the most part by any rival learn
ing. The whole moral effect produced
nowadays by the religious newspaper,
the tract, the essay, the lecture, the
missionary report, the sermon, was
then produced by the Bible alone. The
whole atmosphere of ocial, and even
political, life was charged with the
inbreathing of Old Testament law and
of New Testament gospel. The whole
nation became, in fact, a church.
This great moral wave, under the in
fluence of the Bible, swept over En
gland during the period of Shakes
peare's life and work. If he had the
advantage of any bok In his early
home that book was without doubt the
Bible. Indeed It Is probable that no
other books were available to him. In
his early days, except perhaps Plu
police Insist upon the enforcement of
this police measure. They are busy
watching spooners in the parks, no
doubt. The city engineer Is cutting
corners from the sidewalks and can
not see a street gradually sinking
from sight. Soon the people there
will have deeds to real estate but
even the city engineer won't be able
to find It in a survey. It will all
have become property of the under
ground works of the O-W. R, & N.
corhpany.
How about it? Will we have to sue
both the city and the company, or
not? F. E. MOSHER.
Badges for Wounds.
From the New York Sun.
Those people whose curiosity leads
them to study the many badges of
rank which now decorate the sleeves
of officers and men of the allied
armies have been puxzled by the
appearance of a new badge in the
French army.
"Pollus" on leave in England may
be seen wearing narrow strips on
the arm above the elbow, and ordi
nary people have been unable to un
derstand Why some of the rank and
file have been able to sport even
more of these decorations than offi
cers of high rank. The explanation
is simple. Every stripe means
wouDded once. The French govern-,
ment has inaugurated a scheme by
which every soldier is entitled to
wear one for every time he has been
wounded.
Some men have already won several
such stripes,' and the other day one
man in London was the proud wearer
of nine. Another was seen with thre
,on the arm of his light brue uni
form. This uniform, by the way. is
also puzzling, and the general opinion
seems to be that the wearers are
Italians.
The light blue uniform is very
common in the French army. It is so
striking that one mignt De excused
for thinking it to be dangerous in
respect of visibility. As a matter of
fact; - experiments have shown, it to
be remarkably Invisible even at a
Short distance.
Spain and the War.
From the Wall Street Journal.
Spain is awake and perhaps more
wide awake than she has been since
her galleons sailed the seven seas. The
war has brought prosperity to her
door, and has forced her population to
harder work and endeavor. For In
stance, before the war Spain Imported
116,000.000 of English coal annually. In
spite of the fact that In some districts
the coal lands are so rich that the na
tives, merely used a pick on the sur
face to obtain their fuel needs. , - Now
the government is constructing rail
roads to the coal lands and organising;
SHAKESPEARE
tarch, and such glimpses of hlstdy.and
classics as he could obtain in hia les
sons at school.
The King James version of the Bible
was begun in 1604 and finished lrt 1811,
five years before the death of Shakes
peare, and in those five years he wrote
his greatest dramas. That he was sat
urated with Bible idiom, language and
thought is shown in his writings.
God, avs distinct from pagan gods. Is
mentioned in at least 80 of his 27
plays and nearly 700 times. As many as
40 different terms or exclamations are
employed in his references to the di
vine being, most of which are taken
from the Bible. Frequent references
are mads by Shakespeare to. Jesui
Christ as "Savior," "Redeemer," and
"Lord." At vaj-ioua times his charac
ters exclaim: "The precious image of
our dear Redeemer," "The world's ran
som, blessed Mary's son," "By the
death of him who died for aUl, "I
charge you as you hope to have re
demption," "By Christ' dear blood
shed for our grievous sins."
"In those holy fields.
Over whose acres walked those blessed
feet
Which fourteen hundred years ago,
were nail'd
For our advantage to the bitter cross."
Mr. Burgess reproduces numerous
examples of Shakespeare and Bible par
allels, and no one can read them side
by side without perceiving aomethlng
of the great debt we owe to the Scrip
tures for much that is beat and great
est in Shakespeare:
"Blessed are the peacemakers," Matt,
v. 9. "Blessed are the peacemakers on
earth," II Hen. vl. 2:1. "Thy word Is
a lamp unto my feet and a light unto
my path," Ps. xix, 105. "God shall be
my hope, my stay, my guide and lan
tern to my feet," II Hen., vi, 2:3. "For
give and ye shall be forgiven," Luke
vl, 87. "I as free forgive as I would
be forgiven," Hen. vlll, 2:1, and "I par
don him as God shall pardon me," Rich,
tl, 6:3. And so on and on for many
pages of the book.
It is shown, also, that Shakespeare
took many of his themes from the
Bible, as the murder of Abel by his
brother; Jeptha's vow of sacrifice;
Herod's slaughter of innocents; the be
trayal by Judas, and the parable of
the prodigal son.
That all of these expressions were In
harmony with hit own faith and not
merely expressions accommodated to
his characters; that Shakespeare was
in fact a Christian is further shown by
this clause from his will: "I commend
my soul Into the hands of God, my
creator, hoping, and assuredly believ
ing through the merits of Jesus Christ,
my Savior, to be made partaker of life
everlasting."
mining, the British government having
cut olf exports of coal. After the war
it is unlikely that Spain will need any
Erltlsh coal.
Spain has keenly felt the need of a
steamship line direct to America and
one is being projected which will use
the port of Vigo, which is on a direct
line with New York. Vigo and the
country surrounding Is very primitive
and the country and the habits of its
natives have not changed in 700 years.
Except for an annual winter visit of a
British fleet, the port of Vigo has not
been used as its possibilities call for
and if the steamship plan becomes a
fact Spain's imports to this country
will increase tremendously. Spain ex
pects that American tourists who an
nually visit her will flock to Vigo and
the surrounding country which Is as
beautiful avs any in Europe and very
quaint.
"Stagecoach Upset.
From the Boston Globe.
Speaking of games, there la an old
game which whole families always
play at holiday time, in which, at the
words, "The stagecoach upsets!"
everybody scrambles for a different
chair there being one chair too few.
The Greek stagecoach has Juat up
set again, and the cabinet of pre
mier Zaimis is engaged in a scramble.
There is Just a suspicion that the
upset has been carefully staged.
The English theory of this Greek
stage (coach) craft la simple, plaus
ible and interesting. It Is that the
king and the leading army officers
were to be valiantly pro-German as
of course they naturally Inclined to
be and to stand for neutrality. Ven
izelos and his faction were to be
ardently pro-ally and to favor enter
ing the war. Then if Germany began
definitely to win, the king would be
allowed to swing tbe country; but
if the allies began definitely to win
the king would declare himself out
matched and let Venizelos have his
way. If neither allies nor Teutons
gained the upper band, Greece would
remain neutral.
The king would have a elean pro
German record. Venizelos would have
a clean pro-ally record. Whichever
way the stagecoach upset 'Greece
would be sure of a chair.
Virgil (a Roman) remarked that
the Trojans should have feared the
Greeks even when they brought pres
ents. Beating the Income Tax.
From the Philadelphia Press.
A school superintendent In Illinois
Is said to have had his salary re
duced from $4000 a year to II999.9S
In order that be would not be obliged
to pay income tax. A genius of this
quality needs a wider field ' for" his
patriotic activities than is afforded by
the of flee, of a school superintendent.
THE STILLNESS OF
TH DEEP POOL
Human Tower May I) in Inverse
Ratio to Volume of Discourse.
From the Phil
A good deal of the power is with
those who talk least. Usten to the
ebb and flow of conversation mn.t
about you and ask yourself what dlf-
icrence n would make If moat of it
died away to nothing. From any large
gathering talk rises like smoke abovs
.camp, and in the number there are
those who are by no means facile In
talk, who are nevertheless quick and
clear-eyed and able to perform. Those
who talk fast and much are open al
ways to the suspicion that they let it
all end then and there.
Let no man mourn "if he is denied the
gift of eloquence. His word of wisdom
perhaps outgoes and outdoes the Influ
ence of mere noisiness. He speaks from
the place that he has made. His life
ia behind his counsel. His character
validates and verifies his opinions. A
lawyers advice is not esteemed ac
cording to the length of his brief. A
urgeon's decision to operate is not re
spected for verbosity. An engineer's
opinion Is not weighed In pounds and
ounces. The minister rises to address
his congregation and a iong and beau
tiful life speaks for him and prefaces
the announcement of the text. Tha
statesman, transcending politics, stands
in his place and the glowing creed of a
patriot stands with him. By all that
you have done, by tha man you are,
your participation Is fortified and your
impress on your time Is made incisive.
It is not merely the famous whose
sage 8ententlousnes deserves to carry.
A man driving a truck along a crowded
water front, a lumberjack in a camp of
the far weatr'a haymaker in a field, a
cranberry picker in a bog. a "leech
gatherer on a lonely moor." a ticket
taker, a bank clerk, an office boy, a
cash girl may on the Inspired Instant
say five words or six that wrap up
the wit of Mark Twain or the wisdom
of Solomon. For nothing can be truer
than truth, and any foot can stumble
on a diamond, any tooth can blta
against a pearl.
Those who have hSd their way, like
Cecil Rhodes or Venizelos or Kitchen
er, have never been too proud to listen
to the humble and learn of the lowly.
There are cases abounding of men who
achieved and were talkative. Rut they
could listen, too. Probably their In
fluence was born nearly aa much from
what they heard as from when lhay
were heard. The rule seems to be that
the great captains of peace or war, like
Von Moltke, can be "silent in seven
languages." They are omnivorous ab
sorbers. They assimilate what they
can use, and they know enough not to
clutter the path, orsthe executive hand,
with what will merely Impede. By
their rejections and their selections
their astuteness is seen. Often their
work is in silence and In darkness, bo
that no man marks It, and tha world
is surprised that anything of conse
quence can come to the surface from
so slight a turbulence. For the world,
old and cage as it thinks Itself to be,
has not yet learned what great things
may develop out of dignity and quiet,
where there is not fury and no rever
beration, no shouting and waving of
the arms, no dust or escaping steam.
SHAKESPEARE missed this. If he
had been at yesterday's car short
age hearing, he might have had some
thing else to relieve the tension In
Hamlet besides the colloquy, of the
famous grave diggers.
T. J. Seufert was telling how hard
It has be'en to get cars at hie mill at
Mabel. He was really In deadly earn
est about a most serious situation, but
he told of his woes In a crisp and un
usual vein.
'I have an office In Portland and
two thirds of rny time has been spent
in hounding the railroad for cars." he
said. "I kept going In to see II. K
Walter about It until he used to ay
What, you here again? Every tim I
stick my tongue out. I can taste flat
cars.' When I went to the car dis
tributor, he would say, 'You come here
so often you've got me hypnotized. I
ran see box cars and flat cars revolv
ing around my head Ml night long.'
" "You've got aomethlng on me,
then.' I told him. "I enn't see anything
of the sort even in the daytime.'"
An Open Letter to Norman Alexins
Jensen.
DEAR NORMAN: I observe In the
public prints that you, who were
once a Swede, are now an American.
But, to my great consternation. I note
that you do not even know the name
of our Prohibition candidate for presi
dent. I like you, Alexius, because the name
sounds so classic and so noble like
that of I,lef Krlcson or Battling Nel
son or Olaf Tveltmoe or of the Scan
dinavian forefather of the Viking
breed. But I am grieved that you are
o poorly Informed about the affairs
of your newly adopted land.
Possibly or am I to assume too
much? -you know the Inventor of the
gold cure. His name was Keely. Or
maybe you know that General Halg,
lord extraordinary man killer of the
British army, Is a descendant of the
whiskey Haigs, whose name formerly
adorned many a bottle In many a
Portland pub. i
Or possibly your reading has taken
you across1 the magio name of Ander
son which of Iteelf also suggests the
Viking as it appears in letters of
living light top the Oregon dry law.
But, withal and 'there Is po re
proach, only sorrow, In my words you
do not know the Prohibition candidate
for president! Fo you realize that
every good citizen should know that
one name, even if he Is ignorant of
the simplest other fact' of life and
of state T
Go, then, Norman Alexius Jensen,
and pore over the names of America's
great men until you come upon that
of this standard hearer of Prohibition.
Commit It to memory, write it with a
diamond on the crystal of your watch.
Scrawl it above the name of John Han
cock on your fac simile of the Declara
tion of Independence.
And then let me know what it is.
Another Landntark Totter.
From the Hlllsboro Argus.
The general delivery window at the
postoffice is no longer to be closed
during distribution of malls. Miss An
gle Harrington having been detailed 0
wait on patrons during these times. No
longer will we see the long line In
front of the window, awaiting mail, and
Dad Til ton has lost his Job in this
regard. He has ever been No. "1 In
the line, unless, of course, some lady
or child was waiting, when he always
gave them right of way.
Uncle Jeff Snow Bays:
Olaf Olson; who married my first
wife's half sister's daughter and lives
in Portland, says tbe scientific finan
ciers here have discovered that very
few workingmen pay the -grocer and
the street assessment : out of the
same month's paycheck. ' Olaf baa to
skip three months' grocery bill when ,
be pays a, strait assessment, f