4 -
; THE OREGON J SUNDAY - JOURNAL, PORTLAND, ,' SUNDAY MORNING, j MAY 21, 1918.
INDIA'S LOYALTY TO ENGLAND IS PROVED
GERMANY IDOLIZES VICTORIOUS AIRMAN
WAR ZONE OBSERVATIONS
AIR SERVICE IS POPULAR IN GERMANY 1
RUSSIAN LOSSES ESTIMATED 6,000,000 ''
INDIA'S
LOYALTY TO
SNSHOWN
START OF WAR
Money, Men and Jewels Have
Been Given Freely by Brit
ain's Great Dependency.
SEDITION MOVE FAILED
Kaloontanti From California Triad to
Start Something When War Broke
Out But Attempt Flailed.
London, May 10. (I. N. S.) Austen
Chamberlain, secretary of state for
India, today gave the correspondent
of the International Newa Service his
viewa of the situation In India.
"Statements are often made that
India la on the brink of revolution,"
aid Mr. Chamberlain. "Before the
war there was much talk of sedition.
There were a,lo seditious acts, culmi
nating In an attack on the viceroy.
"The wish la father to the thought,
sv Germany eagerly swallowed all
uch stories and Jumped to the conclu
sion that when Great Britain was In
volved In a life and death struggle
with a European power India would
else the opportunity to throw off
5i-ltlh mithnrltv.
"The population of India is 80,000,-
00 and among: that enormous number
there are naturally some who are dis
contented and even a few who are vio
lently Inimical to the government.
There Is not a country in the world
where there are not some who are bit
terly hostile to the g-overnment of the
time. And in India a body of malcon
tents did start a conspiracy to over
throw British rule. The plot origi
nated among the Hindu settlers in
California, who for a year or two be
fore the war had been carrying on an
anti-British propaganda.
Attempt Was Failure.
"Soon after the outbreak of the war
a number of these sailed for India
With the design of seducing native
troops and starting a concerted rising
which was to have taken place in
February, 1915. They had been led to
expect to find India In a state of revo
lution. They found it in a state of
quiet and they found all the leading
men enthusiastically supporting the
British government.
"So far from raising the Punjab, as
they hoped, the missionaries of sedi
tion met with a stubborn resistance
from the villagers whom they ap
proached, their attempts to seduce
troops failed, and they did not secure
the adhesion of a single man of any
Influence.
"In Bengal there has been a series
of daring outrages In the shape of
murders and robberies which have pro
duced torn alarm. The ignorance and
credulity of young men have been
taken advantage of. Facts have been
misrepresented to them and they have
been led to believe that India la op
pressed and that the expufslon of the!
, xoreigner wui oring me muiemum.
And some of these young men of tne
student class have committed crimes
of violence, which, however, are con
demned by all Influential Bengalis. -Indiana
Axe Patriotic.
"Apart from these instances the
State of India Is perfectly satisfactory.
- "Directly the war broke out th-s
rulers of the Indian native states took
the lead In asserting their enthusiastic
loyalty to the king-emperor. Number
ing nearly 700 altogether, they with
one accord rallied to the defense of
the empire and offered their personal
services and the resources of their
states.
"The veteran Sir Portab Singh in
spite of his 70 years, refused to be de
nied the right of serving the King
emperor in person andi who spent
many months in the trenches in Han
dera. Twenty-seven of Ihe large
states who maintain trained and
quipped troops placed these at the
disposal of the government.
"Other chiefs offered large sums of
money. Three states offered camels
and drivers.
Others Also Loyal,
tfOutslde India altogether, the Nepal
government placed the whole of their
I military resources at the disposal of
the British government, and the Dal la
I Lama of Tibet offered 1000 troops and
I stated that Innumerable lamas all
lever Tibet were offering up prayers
I for the success of the British arms.
"'The viceroy received thousands of
I telegrams and letters from every
quarter expressing loyalty and the de-
Islre to assist. They came from every
ommunlty, from all manner of differ
it associations, religious and polltl-
il, from all the different creeds and
rom countless numbers of Individuals
sffertng their resources or their Per
sonal services."
MDBurr ai
ICfflNG SCMP
111 (Mil
I
o prevent loss of hair . Treatment : On
urine tdu.cn spots of dandruff and ltch
ig with Cuticura Ointment. Next morn
g ehampoo with Cuticura Soap and hot
VnlkiMM VkAtrffeSP SUM tVIAM
ronomicai at any price.
lnmnl Fnrfi Pr h-v Mull
wita im. took ea the skia. Addras posteers:
iuste.pe,0. , S Semi
ENGLAND
FROM
Briton Outwitted
German Officer
Captured Aviator Loop Xoop and
Spills Out Bos Tentom Captor, Who
Was MaVIng1 Observations.
Havre, May 20. (I. N. S.) A
young British aviator was recently
decorated In front of the troops for a
flight accomplished with a German
officer.
The aviator had been obliged to de
scend within th German lines, and
was made a prisoner by a German I
officer into whose hands he had fal
len. The latter conceived the idea of
making his prisoner take him In his
aeroplane for a flight above the allied
lines in order to make observations,
wnlch would not be distnrbed by anti
aircraft fire, as the enemy would be
misled by the cockade on the biplane.
Tho German officer reinforced his
order with a revolver, and the aviator
accordingly resumed his seat In the
machine and strapped himself in se
curely. The German officer, with his pistol
In his hand, took the observer's seat,
and the couple then flew towards
the allied lines, the aviator making
a number of evolutions to the right
and left, according to the Orders of
the German. Having seen sufficient,
the officer of the kaiser ordered the
aviator to turn his machine, and in
order to do so the aeroplane mounted
higher and suddenly turned over In
an admirable loop.
On righting himself the pilot found
that he was alone, the German "officer
having for once been insufficiently
strapped in.
The aviator descended as quickly
as possible into the British lines,
where he received a welcome which
took the form of a decoration.
Royalty Works Hard
Nursing Soldiers
Queen and Princesses Devote Tims to
Alleviate Suffering Caused by War;
Manual Work Done by Some.
London, May 20. (I, N. S.)-The
ladles of the British" royal family
might almost be competitors in try
ing to see who can do moat for the
wounded and sufferers by the war.
Queen Mary-Jbefore the war had de
voted herself to her people; since its
outbreak, s'he has worked as hard as
any hospital nurse. Princess Victoria
has a hospital In which she Ls im
mensely interested in Grosvenor Cres
cent. It is Btaffed with trained
nurses, and helped by women of. the
Red Cross. Princess Henry of Batten
berg's hospital for officers ls in Hill
street, Mayfair; Princess Christian
has a hospital of her own at Windsor.
Princess Alexander of Teck, her friend
ly rival in all good works In that
neighborhood, Ls often at this hospital
devoting herself In every way to Its
Inmates, and not disdaining the most
menial of tasks.
Allies May Take
Countries' Shipping
Purpose TO Be to Supply necessities
of Xdfe and Munitions of War; Kay
Become On Oreat Commonwealth.
London, May 20. (I. N. S.) It is
learned here that at the con
ference of the allies in Paris it was
resolved to take over the shipping of
allied countries in the same manner
as tho railways of Great Britain have
been taken over by the government
since the beginning of the war.
Ship owners will be allowed a
profit based on the average profit of
three years preceding the war, plus
40 per cent.
The work of the ships will be the
supply of necessaries In the way of
food and transport and the convey
ance of munitions of war. It is pos
sible that before the war is over the
allied countries may be turned Into
one vast commonwealth.
War Breaks Down
Many Conventions
Girls of High Degree Do various
Thing How That They Would Wot
Have Deigned to Tear Ago.
London, May 20. (I. N. S.) The
war is breaking down many conven
tions in British high society. Girls of
high degree ride gaily on surface cars
and motor buses, scrub and cook or
wash dishes in canteen or hospital, do
their own marketing, carry home par
cels, and even in Park Lane post
their own letters instead of ringing for
footman or page boy.
The daughters of many splendid
houses ire not ashamed themselves to
attend the door, or go out hatless
and coatiess into the street, a pro
ceeding which would have been con
sidered beneath their dignity in pre
war days.
Briton Sportsman
In Face of Enemy
Commander of Cruiser Sxprosses Be
gTet But Assuring Master of sTlaJdxur
Zdner That Victory Was Els.
London, May 20. (I. N. S.) A etory
is told here today about the battle
between the German commerce de
stroyer Greif and the British armd
liner Alcantara in the North sea. The
Greif was badly smashed when she
torpedoed the Alcantara by a lucky
shot, and the British ship also began
to sink. The British cruiser which
came up, and, firing a shot over the
Alcantara, completed the sinking of
the Greif, sent this wireless message
to the Alcantara, which was read as
the ship was sinking:
"Sorry your bird."
German Baby Battle
Like Aeroplane Bomb
London, May 20. (TJ. P.) Germany's
latest is the baby-rattle bomb.
"Militarism starts In the cradle' In
Germany," said a British naval officer
today, exhibiting proof of his assertion.
Just received indirectly from Berlin.
It ls a perfectrepllca In tin of a Ger
man aeroplane bomb, neatly decorated
with the picture of an aeroplane and
the words. "Qott Strafe England."
Small pieces of "shrapnel" rattled In
side the bomb. On the top aide was at-
teached a handle for tho infant to
rasp In hurlinr the. deadly thlngr when
I ha tot mad because he thought his din-
I ner. was
r i fr---iww3T;ra)'w'ii,t muni " w-wfr;wrr.lfl 'inilti II
f;- m
4 BCtV- Sr r?55 'W fS - x-n
Battle scarred New Zealanders and Australians passing' through the Strand, London, where they were greeted by an enthusiastic throng. This was the first public dem
onstration since the beginning of the -war and a memorial service was held in Westminster Abbeyf which was attended by King George and Queen Mary.
IE
SHOOTS
quicker than i can
write; says kaiser
Knight of the Air, Who Has
Now Won Thirteen Victo
ries, Is Popular Hero.
Rotterdam, May 21. (I. N. a) Just
now photographs of Immelmann, knight
of the air, have replaced those of the
kaiser, the crown prince, and even Field
Marshal von HIndenburg, In Berlin
shop windows.
The great aviator receives Utters In
such quantity that he has had to em
ploy a private secretary to handle them.
Included are numerous offers of mar
riage, the senders ranging from giddy
young fraulelns to elderly maids and
widows.
He has been decorated with the high
est order, the "Pour le Merite," estab
lished by Frederick the Great, who
hated the German language and used
French.
He has received an autograph letter
from the kaiser. The emperor Bat
down to congratulate the flyer on his
twelfth victory. While he was writ
ing, news was brought that tho num
ber had Just been increased to 13. The
emperor struck out "twelfth" and sub
stituted "thirteenth," remarking, "im
melmann shoots quicker than I can
write."
rmmolmann Zs Crack Shot.
Immelmann is a crack shot and was
selected for special work on that ac
count. He first appeared on the fighting
front In January of last year, flying
a two-decker, and then, proving his
ability as a marksman, was given a
fast monoplane.
It ls stated chat ha scored a victory
In his Initial flight In the single-deck
machine, and subsequently was one of
tho first airmen to use a Fokker.
A recent interviewer thus describes
him:
"Ho is a modest, reserved soldier,
with large, quiet eyes. He is a Saxon
and a master shot. Of the dangers of
the fight Immelmann does not speak.
That' is his own affair. Danger and
luck are his personal experiences, and
ho keeps them to himself. As a flier
he acts courageously and quickly, and
speaks as little as people of action
generally Bo speak."
In search of Immelmann on the
western front a representative of the
Berliner Tageblatt came across two
English prisoner airmen whoso ma
chines had Just been brought down
within the German lines. Their names
are given as Percy Shaw, aged 20, and
Ernest Coleman, aged 22.
Enemies Gin Praise.
The correspondent writes:
"They admitted quite honestly that
Immelmann was a phenomenon, that
his machine was extraordinarily
quick In its movements, and appeared
with great promptness wherever It was
necessary to cause a surprise. This
man and this machine are a danger to
the British fighting scheme. Then fol
lowed my questions. Do the English
hate him? How do they speak of
hirar
" 'Hate hlmr asked both tho young
men, and they looked at mo wi aston
ishment 'Why should wo He fUes
and attacks. He ls a soldier. Wo hat
no soldiers.' "Well,' I replied. It ls
said that you have put a price on him.
Isn't that sor They looked at each
other, as if they had hoard something
quite now; and wished to have it con
firmed y oaon other whether they bad
Admiral Jellicoe Is
Most Popular Man
KotIo Audiences Which Are Consid
ered Xioaart Applaud Xla Picture to
Bono Whenever Zt Zs Known,
London, May 8. (By Mall.) (U. P.)
The most cheered man In England ta
Blr John Jellicoe. The silent little ad
miral who sits on the British navy ltd
ls today England's most popular hero.
This message comes from the British
movie theatres a reliable barometer
of public sentiment. Lord Kitchener's
face on the screen always gets "a
hand." Sir John French is sometimes
cheered. Murmurs of probable admira
tion roll through the audiences when
Sir Douglas Haig, Sir Charles Monroe
or other British generals In the field
show up. Members of tho cabinet are
met with approval always, but no loud
demonstrations. President Wilson and
American notables are greeted silently.
But sit in any British movie theatre
and let the operator throw the strong,
prominent nosed face of Sir John Jelli
coe on the kalsomine and the tumult
of hand-clapping and cheering rolls
forth from stalls to gallery.
Jellicoe ls a Sphinx the mystery ad
miral. He has established a reputation
for deeds and not words. In his face
ls action, determination, lightning de
cision, self-control and wisdom. No
where outside the great walls Of the
admiralty building In Whitehall ls any
thing known of Jellicoe at present. Here
the slender string of wireless antennae
swinging over the building connect
with the aerials on Jelllcoe's ship,
"Somewhere In the North sea," where
he ls waiting for the Germans to come
out; superintending the naval block
ade and always adjusting the final
twist of preparedness which has kept
England from sharing the fate of Bel
glum, Poland and Serbia.
Ordinary British folk who go to mo
vie theatres and never share the se
crets of tho admiralty wireless, have
learned to connect the name of Jellicoe
with the security they enjoy at home.
So every time his face appears they
cheer It wildly.
Austrian Soldier
Kills Own Comrades
Vienna, May 10. (L N. 8.) In the
barracks of tho First Austrian Land
wehr regiment Private Leopold Flcht
ner suddenly become violently Insane,
posted himself at a window and be
gan to fire on a company drilling In
the yard.
Almost every bullet of tne lunatic
found its mark and before he could be
overpowered ho had killed six of his
comrades and wounded five others.
heard It correctly. Tho one said, "What
price; and who will pay itt
"I explained that I had heard it from
some French prisoners, and that, after
all. It might only bo a fairy tale. "But,"
I added, 'in your hangars it 4s possible
that Lieutenant Smith, for Instance,
might bet Lieutenant Brown $500 on
the result of a fight between an Eng
lishman and Immelmann.' Eafch looked
me straight In tho face with astonish
ment. I was very glad to see It. "Do
you know how many flying machines
ho has already brought down? I asked.
They thought eight or 10, but believed
13 was an exaggeration. "But," they
said, 'that doesn't matter at alL In
England for every machine that Is
brought down they will build a doson
new ones, and have a dosen now filers
to pat into them."
One of. tho last Englishmen whom
Immelmann brought down, says a Ger
man newspaper, was a very bravo
fighter. Ho continued to fire while his
stricken machine was gliding on its
fall.- Then ho took his hand from the
machine gun, airook both fists at the
enemy, and dropped into ho depths,
J r.. i- B. I
AUS
T
AT RUSSIAN CRUELTY
TO TEUTONS TAKEN
Wounded Forced to Go to Si
beria Before Restored to
Health; Many Die of Cold,
Vienna, May 20. (I. N. S.) The
Austro-Hungarlan government has
published a long report on the treat
ment of the German and Austro-Hungarlan
war prisoners In Russia. The
report is based on statements of neu
tral diplomats and the members of a
Red Cross delegation which visited
many prison camps in the eastern
Russian provinces and In Siberia.
Among the charges made and substan
tiated by many affidavits and official
reports are the following:
The wounded German and Austro
Hungarlan soldier are discharged
from the Russian hospitals and trans
ported to Siberia before they are re
stored to health. They receive onlyi
insufficient clothing and many die on
the way to the prison camps.
Many of the prisoners are assaulted
by their guards, whipped oi the
slightest provocation. In the camps
of Rasdoinoge and Wernshe-Vdlnsk
two German and six Austro-Hungarlan
soldiers were knouted to death by Cos
sacks.
Wounded Starve to Death.
' In the prison hospital of Krasno
yarsk numerous sick and wounded sol
diers died from starvation. The hos
pital ls the only one In an enormous
district, and sick prisoners have to bo
brought there from other camp. In
winter, when tho thermometer fell to
40 degrees OntlgTade below ero, the
unfortunate men were loaded on primi
tive wagons and sleighs, half clothed
and without blankets.
Dosen s of them freso to death, and
those that fell off the vehicles were
never picked up. They perishes where
they dropped.
Many cases of starvation of sick
prisoners also occurred in the military
hospital of Kansk. In the hospital of
Tchlta. the Austrian Red Cross dele
gation ascertained that patients suf
fering from typhoid fever were brutal
ly beaten by the nurses.
In the camp of Nlkolsk UsKurisk,
Siberia, 40 per cent of the prisoners
died from scorbut and typhoid. In
Rasdolmoge many of the prisoners had
to dig ditches standing In the water
to their hips In a temperature Of 20
degrees Centigrade below zero.
Un in Subterranean Barracks.
The prisoner in Atchlnsk live in
subterranean barracks full, of vtfrmln.
Even In winter they received no mat
tresses or biankets, and many have
become blind through the insufficient
lighting of the terrible hole In which
they are quartered.
In Krasnoyarsk several thousand
civilians, men and women, dragged
away from eastern Prussia, have to
sleep on the bars stone floor of their
barracks. Borne of these prisoners are
70 and 80 years old, and others have
lost their eyesight. Most of tho chil
dren who were carried off have died.
In tho camp of Nishol-UdnUk the
prisoners axe so poorly nourished that
the Russian commander did not dare
to show their entire misery to the Red
Cross delegation, and sent a largo num
ber of them to a nearby forest, whore
they were found accidentally by two
of tho Austrian, slaters. . ,
COMPLAINS
Swiss Says Germans
Will Take Verdun
Onloasl Mueller Expects rreuoh Will 8s
Compelled to field Place by Middle
of 2Text Month.
Berne, May 20. (I. N. S.) Colonel
Mueller, the Swiss military expert and
correspondent of the "bund" at the
headquarters of the German general
staff, ls firmly convinced that Verdun
will eventually be captured by the Ger.
mans.
He believes that the army of the
crown prince will require several weeks
more to accomplish Its task. In his
last report on the situation before the
fortress, the colonel says:
"The -advance of the German troops
ls extremely difficult and necessarily
slow, but it would bo idle to deny that
the operations are successful.
"The enormous bombardment f the
German giant guns and mortars ls
slowly but surely doing its work. One
position of tho defenders after another
becomes untenable, and at least three
of the strategic Btrongholds on which
the fate of the fortress depends are al
ready seriously menaced.
"West of the Mouse tho French are
gradually pressed back against the
forts, and on the eastern bank of the
river their situation Is also becoming
very precarious at several points.
"From what I have seen and know,
I would Judge that Verdun will bo in
the hands of tho Germans by the mid
dle of June, provided they are able to
continue their attacks systematically
as they have done so far."
English Noblewomen
Are Working Farms
Purpose of Call on Upper Class Woman
Zs to Show That They Are rrot Above
Solas; Manual Xabor.
London. May 10. (I. N. S.) Lady
Mabel Smith, sister of Earl Fits
willtam. the great laird Of Went-
worth in Yorkshire, has taken a Job
as a farm hand for six weeks.
Other land workers whose names
have figured often In the society col
umns ars being trained for work on
the land and In the farm house. Gen
eral Barrett's daughter has gone
through a course and blossomed forth
as forewoman on Lady Markham s es
tate at Newstead Abbey, near Notting
ham; Sir Horace Smith's daughter is
also working on
I arm in me vaiiey
of the Thames, while Miss Begble, the
autnar a aaugnier, is oeing iraineu iur
a similar post.
Five hundred gentlewomen are re
quired to Join the women's land ser
vice corps to help farmers at once.
The purpose of this heavy call upon
the upper classes ls to show village
women that the upper crust is not
above doing farm labor.
War Causes Jump in
English Marriages
Estimated There Are Wo Fewer Than
80,000 War Brides Xst Tear; Xafaat
Mortality Slightly Xigaer.
London, May 10. ( I. N. 8.) The
statistics for 1915, Just published,
show the British marriage rate for
that year rose to 19.4 a thousand popu
lation, against an average for 77 years
of 1719 and a maximum of 17.9 in
1S53.
The: increase in marriages of 1918
over 1)914 would indicate there were no
fewer than 80,000 war brides lsst year.
At the same time the war ls hard
on the babies. Infant mortality, which
In tho "nineties" was 160 per thousand
birthsi fell to 27 in 1912. 101 in 1913
and li& in 1914. Last year It rose to
110 atthousand. , . .-x .
. . . j "v . ., : - t.-... - , ' "i- .. V--. . -.:.'. ' . i i '.
--.. .' i ' - ..'.
l nun wr . 9 ,
AUSTRO
HUNGARIAN
STAFF SAYS RUSSIAN
6
Fresh Troops Coming to the
r Front Poorly Officered and
Show Little Training,
Vienna, May 80 (I. N. S.) The
total losses of the Russian armies
since the beginning of the war are es
timated at nearly (.000.000 men by
the experts of the Austro-Hungarlan
general staff.
According to statistics published
here the Russians had lost K, 400, 000
men on December II, 1915. Their
losses since then In the New Tear's
battle on the Austrian front and dur
ing their Ill-starred offensive against
the armies of the HIndenburg In the
north, are figured at more than
EOO.000.
On January 1, 1916, only one third
of -the 18 classes of the Russian field
army at the beginning of the war
t. as at the front.
Official reports show that during
the last year 1.900,000 men and 126,
000 otucers were killed, while 1,474.
000 men and 100.000 officers were per
manently disabled.
The number of prisoners taken by
the German and Austro-Hungarlan ar
mies in 1915 was 1,600,000, so that
the total Russian losses during 191o
amount to 4,(00,000 men and about
2SO.O00 officers.
To these figures must be added the
losses during the first five months
of the war. On January 6, 1I1S the
Paris "Matin" con cede J that the Rus
sians had lost 1,000,000 officers and
men op to December II, 1914.
Since January 1. 1915, the czar has
raised about 6.000.000 new troops and
numerically bis army Is almost as
strong as. originally. Bat its effective
ness has been reduced at least 60
per cent, as It lacks equipment and
has very few capabt officers left.
All of the fresh troops coming to
the front are poorly trained and In
sufficiently armed.
The lack of o. leers becomes more
, apparent with every new battle, as
wuuio nuHian unuinona and even
regiments are led by non-commissioned
officers or youthful lieutenants
who have themselves been trained
only a few months anj are not able
to direct even a company properly.
Fleet of Zeppelins
Is Growing Rapidly
Berlin, May 20. The "Frankfurter
Zeltung" reports that the German armv
and navy now have over 100 airships
of the Zeppelin type. Some air cruis
ers have been destroyed, but those
lost are always quickly replaced and
every new "Zeppelin" Is an Improve
ment on tne last one built before.
The losses of the German air fleet
are much smaller than Is claimed by
tne antes. But even if one "Zeppelin
should be destroyed every week, the
fleet would still grow steadily, as at
least five new ones are completed ev
ery month. The Zeppelin works at
Frledrlchshafen have been much en
larged and are busy day and night. In
the interior of the empire three new
airship factories are also working with
feverish haste and the array and navy
soon will get eight new dreadnaughts
or tne air every monin. ,
LOSSES
MILLIONS
PLACE IN ZEPP CORPS
I
YOUTH OF GERMAI!
t 'vr. i
Air Service Is Considered . c
More Desirable Than ; h
signment to Crack Corps.1
: . -Mil
TRAINING IS VERY SEVER
Schooling zs Complete aad raolndes X
struotlon la Construction De
talls of Alrahlpa. '-"
London, May 20. (I. N. S.) A cot
respondent of a London newspaper d
scribes the training of a Zeppelin sJ.
ship pilot as follows: ; )
"Along the shores of Lake Constancy
on the German side, there are numei
ous small Islands, all of rJhem Of a T
markable similarity in shape. Thr
are huge floating rafts, each oft whit,
carries a Zeppelin sired. ''-M I
"Here, far out from the shore ar"
away from prying eyes, dwells a bus
colony of human beings. These er
the pilots and the crews of the Zeppf
11ns Bkllled mechanics, whose duty 1
ls to overhaul the huge craft and t
keep them airworthy. There are ale
100-odd housewives whoso nimble fin'
gers busily stitch at and fashion th.
envelopes. Nigtit and day they pi ,
their needles. Lastly, there areth'j
youths who are being instructed in th.'
gentle art of flying. . )
"These latter are for the' most parf
the eldest sons of the noblest Germar;
families, their ages ranging from II t
21 years. To be related to an office
in the air service ls considered a ven
great honor in Germany. The air serv-)
ice ls even thought more desirable thai,
the crack reslmetits bu'mi k -v- I
II . II.. . 1. Hl... '
the kaiser's bodyguard. ; j
Training Is Severe. ' :
"At Friedrlchshafen the would-b
airman must undergo a course Of lonj
and detailed Instruction. It matten
not whether he be Intended for thr
navy or the army wing. Fried rlchs
hafen ls the central training school for
both. The naval wing ls by far the
larger and sees far more active service
than does that of the army. '' " j
"After completing his training course
at Frledrlchshafen the young pilot 1"
sent to one of the other large Zeppelin
centers. From three to four months 1m
the time allowud to train an efficient
Zeppelin pilot. During that period he
ls supposed to have gained a thorough
knowledge of the handling of the craft,
of the working of the engine, of the
main principles of aerostatics, wireless,
gunnery and the theory of flight.
"For the first three weeks he attends
a series of lectures. There are the
construction, the assembling, fabrlo
manufacturing, navigation and mete
orological classes. Hs must personal
ly make up a portion of fabric, take to
pieces and reassemble an engine and
steer a course by compass. At the end
of each month an examination is held,
snd at the end of the course comes a
final examination. In which the candi
date must secure 70 per cent of the
total number of marks allowed, or he
will be asked to resign. . , : .
Then Comes First Flight.
"Having passed this final examina
tion, the sublieutenant ls permitted to
take part in his first flight. Several
of the older types of Zeppelin are re
served for this purpose. The 'quirks
are taken up In batches of five, under
the vigilant eye of an experienced pllpv
usually an officer who has seen a great
deal of active service and has taken
part in one of the raids on Great Brit
ain. He explains to Chern the uses of
the various p&rts, such as the rudder,'
propellers, allercns and elevators. He
shows them the best methods to be em
ployed when rising and descending, and
rives them a sound general idea, Of
aerial navigation. ? j
"On their second trip aloft the batch
of 'quirks' are allowed to fly the ship
themselves. On the third trip they are
sent up singly, with an instructor, and
fly unaided for the space of one or two
hours. The first three trips having
passed satisfactorily the great day ar
rives when the new hand ls sent Up in
command. He Is given strict order
not to stray too far afield and always
to keeD within sight of the sheds,
Quite recently an unfortunate rub-
lieutenant went up over the lake on his
first trip In command. A storm aud
denly sprang up; he descended hurried
ly to the nearest land, which happened
to be an Island in the middle of Lake
Constance, and was forced to remain
there for the night.
Career Ended Quickly. t
Turlng that time the storm grew in
fury. The wind blew up a gale, and,
despite the combined efforts of the
orew, the huge ship broke loose, and
when the morning dawned shs was a
total wreck. Her back broken, she was
lying half on the shore and half sub
merged in the waters of the lake. This
unfortunate accident ended tho pilot's
oareer, for a court martial found him in
competent and he was dismissed from
the air service.
"A very considerable portion of the
time spent In training ls devoted to the
art of dropping bombs. To do this Suc
cessfully, the young pilot ls taught al
ways to have the wind at his back and
the bows of his craft pointing directly
at the object to be bombed. For this
purpose he Is provided with a formula
minutely worked out, which allows for
both the speed of the ship and for the
direction of the prevailing wind two
factors which influence accuracy in
bombvdropping to a very great extent.
Skill in aiming Is obtained by floaUng
large portions of timber constructed to
resemble miniature warships upon the
surface of the lake, and by approaching
them at varying degrees of speed, alti
tude and direction of wind.
EAGERLY
SOUGHT
Wedding Kings to
Be Thin in England"
London. May 20 (I. N. 8.) Future
war brides will have to be content witU ,
thinner wedding rings. The govern-,.
ment ls keeping a tight hand on all
gold, and the practice of making Jew-
elry from sovereigns Is shortly to be, :
stopped by legislation. London deal-,,
era say. however, there ls no question' "
of a shortage of rings. The thinner',
rings will not be of an inferior quality -and
they will wear nearly as well as ;?
the heavier rings. -
In the east end of London, what With
the abundance of money owing to war
work, a..' tremendous trade is being
done in all kinds of cheap Jewelry. ee'
J pectaily "diamond" rings. . ; -
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