THE JOURNAL
AS IHDIPENDEfT NEWSPAPER
G. 8. JACKSON.
. .Publisher
Published trrrf evening zpt Sunday) U4
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FOREIOX ADTCBTISINO EPE8ENTATIV1
BenlacBta Kantnor Co.. Brunawtck Bids-.
25 Fifth At., New York.; 12U reepte'e
Gag Bldg.. Chicago.
- Bubacrlptlon ttrmi by wall or to any d
amaa a nw united ouhi
T1 1 TT.Y
Oa year....... 85.00 On month I
BTJJIDAI
On rear $2.60 t On month. ..,... .23
DAILY AND BOKDAT
One year. .. . . . -$7.SO One month .. .05
America asks nothing for her
self bnt what she bu a right to
ak for humanity itself.
WOODROW vrw&QX.
Free and fair discussion will
ver be found the firmest
friend of truth. O. Campbell.
THE WADOO MOVE
THERE vcan b nothing but
commendation for the prompt
I action of Secretary McAdoo
in the cotton crisis.
Cotton is always th object of
assault by speculators.. As a prod
uct, it is peculiarly adapted to the
purposes of men who pull Jowa
prices, rob the producers and then
make huge profits by manipulation
of markets. The process has often
been 60 intolerable that there have
been many threats of legislation to
abolish the cotton exchanges.
The action of the allies, in declar
ing cotton contraband, even though
accompanied by -a pledge by the
British government ta protect the
market, was action that the specu
lators would have seized upon to
demoralize the cotton market and
lay the foundation for taking enor
mous profits at the expense of the
cotton producers.
But, before they can make a
move, Secretary McAdoo announces
that 130,000,000 of government
funds will at once be placed at the
disposal of the fedaral reserve
banks in the cotton states to be
loaned through member banks at
low Intel est rates and on reason
able time to cotton farmers on
their warehouse receipts. It is j
Immediate and decisive notice to
the -farmers that they can obtain
money and hold their cotton in the j
warehouses until such time as the
market will be favorable. It puts!
them in position in which they'
will not be forced to sell to obtain
money for payment of current ex
penses or debts contracted in pro
ducing the crop.
A first effect will be to prevent
the dumping of huge quantities of
cotton on the market, the inevit
able result of . which, would be to
break the price.. It takes away
from the speculators the club they
would certainly have used to break
the market and buy cotton at sac
rifice figures, tt will save cotton
Industry from what would have
been a slump, with the producers
and " workers reducvjd to extreme
conditions of necessity.
.It is a kind of policy never seen
at Washington until the coming of
VVoodrow Wilson. It Is exerciaa
of the power of government to pro
tect producers from the speculators
and cotton gamblers.
. - It Is example of government as
It ought to he.
ANOTHER COMPLICATION
IT 18 declared" that 1000 tons, of
cotton are used In explosives
every day of the . war. 4
Cotton Is more Important
than copper in the manufacture of
explosives. For cotton, there Is
no known substitute of equal ef
fectiveness. The use qf a substi
tute would require enlarging the
chambers of the guns and altering
the sights of rifles, an expedient
which no belligerent could adopt in
the' course of a great war.
. It is claimed that two-thirds of
the 'cotton used by Germany in
making explosives Is received from
the United States. A fifteen-Inch
German, howlUer requires 400
-pounds of cotton In the explosive
that discharges each shelL It Is
Insisted that Germany and Austria
use daily between 800 and 1000
tons of war cotton,
The total supply of cotton on
hand In Germany at the outbreak
of the war is placed at 120,750
tons. Puring August, 1814, Ger
many received 60,750 tons from
the United States. It Is estimated
that the German consumption of
cotton - for explosives during the
war has been 400,000 tons.
'- The figures Imply that 225,000
toils have reached Germany through
neutral countries, aid the statement
Is that much of it Vent i through
transhipment to Switzerland. - As
Indicating the source of supply, the
American shipments to Holland In
creased from 34,130 bales In 1911
and-1912, to 486.820 In 1914-151
The American shipments to Den
mark for the same period rose
from 4100 to 35,860 bales,' to Nor-
way from 13,080 to 101,100, to
Sweden from 29,050 to 710,080.
Great Britain claims that these
Increases represent the true source
of the German cotton supply for
the manufacture of explosives, and
It is for that reason" that the Lon
don government has declared cot
ton contraband. That action thrusts
another complication upon the
Washington government. America
has an average exportable surplus
of raw cotton totaling from $545,
000,000 to 1610,000.000, and Ger
many and Austria are among our
important customers. The Ameri
can crop last year was 16 million
bales against an estimated 12,000,
000 this year.
In putting cotton on the con-;
traband list. Great Britain declares,
a purpose to take measures for!
protecting the interests of Ameri
can cotton farmera. How it will;
be done, and what other complica
tions are to be thrust upon Ameri
ca by the Interminable conflicts
of the war are among the great
problems of this unparalleled time.
THE LAWYERS
1
AWYKRS are no longer
held in high repute .by the
public," "was the' declara
tion by Its president In his
opening address before the San
Francisco Bar Association.
It depends. There are lawyers
and lawyers. '
Ex-President Taft holds up to
view a lawyer of ideals, and that
kind of lawyer is not in ill repute.
Mr. Taft described him in an ad
dress at Williams College in 1914.
He said:
The code of ethics of the American
Bar Association and that formulated
by other bar-association and by great
lawyer who have written on the sub
ject repudiate any View that the law
yer Is bound by professional rules
to make himself the Instrument of
plain injustice.
Mr. Taft added that "the law
yers ought to be first and fore
most, the peacemakers of society."
He declared that the lawyer of
ideals prevents a great volume of
litigation "by the wise, beneficent,
useful counsel," to intending liti
gants who are turned from their
purpose of going into court.
There are such lawyers, and their
influence amid the conflicts and
antagonisms of society is most
wholesome. It is unfortunate that
their field of usefulness and .their
services to their clients are ob
scured by the lawyers of lower
moral standards who accept their
license to practice as a commission
for piratical activities in and out
of the courts.
They are the lawyers who prac
tice barratry and champerty. They
are the, practitioners who "'skim
along the borderline and keep out
of the penitentiary most of the
time "by their witB and by the
unusual privileges that the .courts
lavish upon them.
Unhappily, they do most to fix
the reputation of the profession, a
profession that by Its code of ethics i
and by the performances of lawyers
of ideals is one of the most hon
orable of callings.
The wonder Is that great bar as
sociations, like those in session in
Portland this week do not take
measures to protect the profession
against its pirates and pettifoggers,
who are without manners or
morals.
JUSTICE HUGHES
JUSTICE HUGHES of the United
States Supreme Court has defi
nitely eliminated himself as a
presidential possibility. In a
letter to former Governor Stokes
of New Jersey he makes it clear
that even if nominated, he would
not accept.
The letter throws a strong light
upon his conception of obligations
resting upon the justice of the na
tion's great high court.
The text of the letter has not
been made public, but it is said
Justice Hughes restated what he
said when it was attempted in 1912
to present him as a get-together
candidate. He then said no man
who accepted a place on the su
preme bench should thereafter be
come a candidate for public office.
He feared the effect on the court
should its members be ambitious
to occupy the White House.
The declination was placed on
the high ideal of preserving the
court's independence of partisan
politics. He made the great po
litical renunciation when he accept
ed appointment to the court. To
his mind, this meant complete de
votion to- judicial work, paying no
heed to politicians or to party
necessities.
In his attitude. Justice Hughes
increases public confidence In the
nation's highest court, and presents
a Judicial Ideal well worthy of
contemplation.
THE BULGARIAN
IN BULGARIA there Is a national
proverb that the Bulgar on his
ox cart pursues the hare and
overtakes it. This national
characteristic is now being mani
fested in the attitude of the na
tion In the present .war.
In an interesting article T. Loth
rop Stoddard, a writer familiar
with International politics, calls
modern Bulgaria "on of the most
extraordinary phenomena of human
history." Less than forty years
ago the Bulgarians: 'were wretched
serfs, exploited to .the limit of hu
man endurance and triply slaves,
slaves of Turkish militarism, Greek
ecclesiastielsm " and Russian pan
Slavism. , This siayerf has ow been abol-
." , , . . . a
j Ished and a great spirit of nation -
alism has been developed, one that
looks forward to the reunion of
the whole Bulgarian race from the
Black tea to the Albanian moun
tains and from the Danube river to
the Aegean sea. - - .
A few years ago the nation saw
Its way to the realization of this
but the dream was shattered by the
great powers. The Bulgarians sub
mitted and waited for better. days;
These -better, days now seem to
them to be at hand. :
Five centuries of subjugation has
not killed national consciousness.
The Bulgarians are normally
classed as Slavs, They are only
partly eo.. The primitive Bulgari
ans were an : Asiatic people of
Turanian stock who conquered the
early Slavs south of the Danube in
the seventh century. 'Less nu
merous than those they subjugated
they soon became absorbed, losing
their native speech and peculiar
identity. They stamped upon the
new folk traits which set it apart
in the category of the Slav peoples.
The Slay Is an idealist. - The . Bul
garian Is practical. . He is . pos
sessed of a- dogged plodding nature,
frugal to the point of avarice.. He
ls not a sentimentalist and what
ever side he takes in the contest
he will always-keep his eye on the
hare.
MR. SPARKMAJTS STATEMENT
T
HE work of The Journal In
4i
leading the movement for
the improvement of ' the
rivers and harbors of the
Oregon coast and Columbia basin
Is known to the Rivers and Har
bors committee of the House," said
Judge Sparkman, chairman of the
Rivers and Harbors committee,
while in Portland last week. He
added :
When a community has a newspa
per devoted to progress and public
welfare aa we know The Journal to
be, that community Is favored. It
has a friend that means mUWi to
welfare and progress.
Judge Sparkman is a busy man
of big affairs. He is intelligent,
discriminating and aggressive. He
looks deeply and keenly into every
matter bearing upon the great
river and harbor work, In which
ho exercises a commanding leader
ship. It Is his own high qualities,
and his powers for service that
have given him tie headship of
a great congressional committee,
To his words here quoted, he added
the following significant sentence:
Next to the favorable recommenda
tions of the United States engineers,
the Rivers and Harbors committee
of the House and Congress, too, are
encouraged In making appropriations
by the spirit, the spirit, I say, of
the men of the communities whose
Interests are affected by the improve
ments. ....
Judge Sparkman means that if
the spirit of the communities is
co-operative and appreciative, there
is encouragement for the commit
tee to continue in the endeavor to
open the rivers and deepen the
harbors. If the men and institu
tions in the communities show a
disposition to aid the committee
rather than barrass It -by unjust
criticisms, the natural result is a
desire by the' committee to for
ward the improvements in which
the community is interested.
The Journal. has always believed
in the high purpose of the Rivers
and Harbors committee, .rather
than In the coar-e criticisms which
Senator Burton and his kind have
hurled against - it. It has always
believed "that aid from. Congress
for the great improvements needed
on the Oregon coast and in the Co
lumbia basin was obtainable
through a constructive co-operation
with the Rivers and Harbors com
mittee rather than through a de
structive and unjust campaign of
denouncing the committee as a
"pork-barrel" distributor.
The appreciation of this course
and its helpfulness to Portland and
the Oregon country is attested In
Chairman Sparkman's generous tes
timonial to The Journal,
Woman suffrage leaders in New
York propose a one-day strike by
their" Sisters employed in indus
tries as proof that woman occupies
an important place outside the
home. If the strike is called It
may be that many of the women
will occupy places outside of in
dustries. The Macon Telegraph threatens
that if the press outside of Georgia
does not stop criticising the Frank
lynching, the people of Georgia will
begin a boycott of all Jews In the
state, which might lead to vio
lence. Surely Georgia is misrep
resented by her mobs and mob
advocates.
Boss Barnes, of New York, says
EHhu Root can be nominated for
president on the Republican ticket
without the slightest effort, if he
wants to be. But perhaps Mr.
Root is too smart to take a nomi
nation tendered by men of the
Barnes type. "', .
Congress is to be asked for , an
appropriation to ; establish , a fash
ion center, with a . suitable build
ing, in Washington, where the beet
J designers of the country will be
Jocatea. . ine iaea is to promote
distinctly national styles.
:The bureau of plant industry has
produced tobacco plants In ' which
the : percentage of nicotine Is re
duced from 3.5 to 1.31. ? The prob
able purpose is to offset a big art
gument against 'smoking.
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge says
he .has known Secretary "of State
Lansing for years ; and . that he la
a most accomplished international
j lawyer. There is mueh evidence
that Senator, Lodge ia unusually
correct In his views.
' Representatives of the American
Rose society want VPortland' to es
tablish a municipal : rose garden..
They, should - come in June, when
jail Portland Is what they suggest.
A Berlin report saya Russia is
facing bankruptcy. That Is be
lievable, and it is also believable
that the other belligerents will
soon face the same thing unless
the waste ' of resources ends. -
FORECASTING STRENGTH
OF G. 0. P. CANDIDATES
Br Cart Smith.
NCERTAINTT deadlock.
I I These are the words that most
aptly describe the Republican
national convention of 1916 so far
as "it can be' brought Into .vision at
this day. While all 'figuring is sub
ject to a wide percentage of possible
error, and unforeseen events , may
change th course of prophecy. It
nevertheless possible to assign
strength of varying degree to the
prospective candidates, and . from this
to Indicate what is likely to happen.
- The next convention will be com
posed of about 978 voting delegates,
excluding the mix delegates from Ha
waii, Porto Rico and the Philippines,
who will hot have the right to Vote.
Th, exact . number cannot be stated.
because of the change in the basis
of apportionment, under which the rep
resentation of the southern states and
of a few northern states will be re
duced.
The 1912 convention consisted of
1078 delegates, equivalent to two dele
gates for each senator and representa
tlve in congress. The new rules award
four delegatea-at-large to each state.
two delegates for every congressman
elected at large from a state, one ad
ditional delegate for? ach congres
sjonal district, and asecond delegate
for each district wherein thj Repub
lican candidal for congress in 1914
received 7500 or - more votes, or in
which the " vote "for any Republican
elector" in the presidential election
of 1908 equalled that figure.
Working this out mathematically,
the representation of a few districts
is left in doubt, because of inacces
sibility of necessary figures. Sub
ject to possible slight correction, the
vote in the next convention will be
distributed as folows, compared with
1912:
1916.
1918
Alabama . . ... 16
Arkansas 16
Arizona . 6
California j 2
Colorado f. ....... 10
Connecticut , 1
Delaware -
Florida 8
24
18
26
10
14
.. 6
12
; 28
Georgia . x IB
Idaho
s
7
80
ts -
20
26
8
Illinois .
Indiana . .
Iowa . .
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
E8
.80
. . . A1 .
86
9. J
20
26
20
12
16
36
80
24
20
36
8
16
6
8
28
-8
80
" 84
10
48
20
10
76
10
18
10
' 24
40
8
8
24
14
14
26
2
. 2
6
2
. 2
12
18
Maryland . .
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota . ..
Mississippi
15
SO
'
......... ,
........ ,f .
24
It
86
8 '
8
87
21
10
Missouri .- .
Montana
Nebraska . .. ......
Nevada ... ........
New Hampshire
New Jersey" . .
New Mexico . . ...
New York , .
North Carolina . . .
North Dakota , .
i .... .
Ohio , 48
Oklahoma .
Oregon . . ......
Pennsylvania . ,
Rhode Island ..
South Carolina .
South Dakota . .
Tennessee .
Texas
Utah . .-
Vermont . . ....
Virginia . . ....
Washington . . .
20
; io
.. 76
. .. 10,
11
...... JO
81
It
West Virginia . . ...-.i.Ullf-
Wisconsin . . '?'Zf'
Wyoming . . v 9."
Alaska 2
Dist. of Columbir 2
Hawaii , 2
Philippines i. 3
Porto Rico 2
Without vote.
Making a speculative and arbitrary
assignment of delegates on the basis
of what seems most likely to happen,
here are "some of the results:
Senator "Weeks, of Massachusetts, is
expected to have the support of the
New England states, practically a
solid vote. Awarding all of them
to him, he will hav 7.
Assuming New York takes up Elihu
Root, he will doubtless secure nearly
all of that 'state. Adding to this
strength the v states of New Jersey,
Delaware and Maryland, Root would
have 187. . ' -
Pensylvanl may be conceded to
Knox, 76 votes; Indiana to Fairbanks,
30; Illinois to Congressman Mann, 67;
Ohio to exiSenator Burton, -48; , Iowa
to Cummins, 26; Michigan to Senator
Smith, 80; Nebraska to Norria, 16.
Supposing Wisconsin sends its . dele
gation for La. Follettav one more,', lie
would "have a nucleus of 26 votes. 4
Borah, of Idaho, - for the purpose of
this calculation, may be figured ' as
having the Rocky mountain aAd Paci
fic coast states under his wing, also
Alaska, a total of 110 votes. Allojir
anc should perhaps be made for
Borah strength in the south, where
he is. thought to have built some fine
fences, If ana fourth -of . the south
is added, Borah is Increased to 180.
The ether candidates who would be
xpeeted to develop the .... greatest
strength In the southern states " are
Root. Burton and Fairbanks. It will
be observed that the unassigned votes
are in two large blocks, one consist
ing of ' the southern states, the other
of . . the ' Important middle western
state of Kansas, Minnesota. Missouri,
Oklahoma and the pakotas, the, with
West Virginia and the District of Co
lumbiaj having a total of J86 dele
gates.
Who will secure the bulk ' of the
middle 'west and the 'south? This is
the unsolvabl enigma, but from in
dlcations of today it appeavs that no
one candidate will secure preponder
ating strength' In these sections. So.
if this unplaced vote Is fairly well
distributed," the calculator Is brought
back to the - same proportionate
strength a shown by the speculative
figures, as follows: I
Weeks 87, Root 187. Borah 160
Knox 7 6-Fairbanks 80, Mann 67, Bur-
ton 48. Cummins 26, Smith 30, Nor
rls 18, La, Follette 2.
This would leave 285 votes" to be
accounted for, and to be apportioned.
as It now appears, among the can
didates named without greatly increas
ing the advantage , of any one over
the other. It would seemingly spell
a long period of balloting, a slow
process of weeding out those least
available, and the chance for one of
those surprises that sometimes de
velop from deadlocks, such as "the
nomination of Garfield in 1880 by
the Republicans, and of Bryan in
1896 by the Democrats.
The nearest parallel to the present
situation in the Republican party re
verts to 1888, when there was a large
field of candidates, with no one far
enough in the lead to make predic
tions safe. The leaders then were
Sherman, Gresham, Depew, Alger, Har
rison and Allison in the order named
Blaine, McKinley and Foraker were
feared as "dark horses." Harrison
started with 80 votes and won on the
eighth ballot, all but Sherman and
Alger by that time having been prac
tically eliminated.
The presidential primaries will be
numerous enough next year to. "make
it possible on convention day to set
down a much larger number of dele
gates for the various candidates than
was possible in 1888. but unless the
signs are much awry there will be
as much uncertainty as to the name
of the nominee as there was in that
historic year.
Tonce Over
BT RXX LAMPMAM
LAST night I put on my wnue
vest that I used to wear to
dances in North Dakota years and
years ago -before I was married and
went to the lawn fete for the mem
bers of the 'Oregon and Washington
Bar associations at the Waverley
club.
but before I went we had to
find all the buttons.
and found all but one. '
and I went anyway.
efAnd I felt terribly alone in that
legal wuaerness.
Tintil I found Dean Collins the
jongleur. - . . . "
and thenwe were both all right
and felt less- like a German colo
nel who's been asked out to have a
good time at a French war college.
(And Judge Anderson of Baker
was ther.
smoking a "Flynh's Triumph."
which is made in Baker.
and which .with the. golf links
is considered evidence of Baker s
kultur, .
JAnd the - judge offered one to
Kernel Emmet Callahan.
who took It and smelled of it
and put it in his pocket and patted
the pocket and twlrl-ea his cane. --
and said "The idea of a cigar
like that being made In Baker."
TAhd then he tried. to get nearer
to the stage where Josie Flynn and
her lady minstrels were laughing
tnemseives sick.
at the jOkes. Roger SInnott and
Fred Behrens and .WiU Shaffer had
fixed up for them to spring.
jAnd Josie said the jokes re
minded her of the shells used by
the Russian army.
and the other end lady asked
why. J
and Josie said "You can get 'em
oyer all right but they don't as
phyxiate." . -
JAnd Josie '-' said Roarer's and
Fred's and -Will's stuff gave her a
new idea- altogether of what is
funny.
and the other end-lady asked
Josie what the idea was.
J But Josie wouldn't tell.
because - she said the Idea
wasn't funny at all. -
fJAnd then she. got off on of
jttoger s Desi..
and led the laughter herself.
and nobody followed except
Roger. -
and Fred Behrends. '
andWill Shaffer,
-which was per agreement.
T But Fred told mv of f ta nn
side that a gfat deal of Roger's
and ' Will's stuff was so rotten that
Josie would be a bear if she could
put ' It over. .
JAnd a little later Roger told m
all the Jokes for Josie.
because Fred ' and Will didn't
get the idea of this .minstrel stuff.
and rigbt after that Z met Will
Shaffer who's from Seattle and he
said he was glad to meet me and I
said the same and he said:
r "LISTEN I'm glad I wrote as
many or too joaes as i aid because
otherwise there would ' be nothing
here tonight simply nothing 1 to
laugirat." - .
Letters From the People
"OmmunIcatiOB sent .to The lonrtul (i
publication ia thia department abeule be writ,
tan on only eo aid of tba mdu. thouM not
exceed Sttfi word in length and msit b te.
eompamea vr me utiot ana address of the
acudor. if tbe writer does sot desire to bf
tbe uaase published, he tbeald o state.) .
It rationalises everything' it toocbes. it robs
principles of aU faiae sanctity and tbrews tbam
reasonableness, it rotfUeaalr -crushes them oat
et exlatesce and seta op its own eoaciosfons
ta tasir teU" Waodiew WUaon.
Juries and Verdicts.
San Francisco, Aug. 23. To the Edi
tor of The JournaL Ex-Governor B la-
ton of Georgia declared ' In an inter
view here) the other day that Leo M.
Frank was convicted by the perjured
testimony or a arunaen negro, i wish
now to call attention to the. legal and
judicial system which perpetrates
murder in the nam of Justice. .
. Juries are instructed to cither oen i
Vict or aequit a person accused, ae-
PERTINENT COMMENT AND NEWS IN BRIEF
SMALL CHANGE
Chicago Post: Add to the hyphenates
the latest trouble makers Mexican
Americans. " Boston Globe: Speaking of hyphen
ated citizenship what's the matter witn
Xankee-American?
i Pittsburg Press : .Things to worry
about: What will the kaiser call
Petrograd If he captures it?
Atlanta Constitution; "God la still
with us," says the kaiser. "Same here,"
is the word from the allies. Somebody
is headed for tbe Ananias club.
Omaha World Herald: - Those aero
planes flying about Fremont county
had better be careful and not run
into any of those tall cornfields.
Bt. Paul Dispatch: It Is reassuring
to learn that President Yuan bhi Kal.
in proposing to proclaim himself em
peror, is not guided solely by the voice
of the Lord.
Ohio State Journal: ' The feminine
devotion to the crochet needle, though
incomprehensible . to men, ought to
make them happy, seeing it muks the
women happy,
Chicago Herald-: The secretary of the
Taxpayers'- alliance says property own
ers must be represented directly in the
spending of public money. What's the
matter with voting?
m -
Kansas City Times: The marvelous
system of-German railroads carries the
German troops wherever they want to
go. Yet Germany's. internal commerce
goes on with evidently little disturb
ance. Why? Because Germany's mar
velous system of improved rivers and
canals is there to do the work.
THE KAISER'S GREAT STRATEGIC CANAL
From a Bulletin of the National GeO-
graphic Society.
Built up around the deep pockt
of "the Kieler Foehrde, a narrow arm
of the Baltic sea that cuts ita way
back into the province of Holstein,
the old city of Kiel lies well shielded
from all hostile attack and centrally
plaoed for the use of the fleet, either
upon the open ocean or upon the in
land sea. This ancient , port city is
headquarters for German sea strength,
the first naval station of the empire,
the point from which the orders have
been issued directing the unequal duel
between the ships of the . kaiser and
the fleets of Britain.
The great war harbor of Kiel is
one of the finest and most powerful
ly protected harbors in the world. The
sea arm, whose base is enclosed by
the port, has a narrow entrance and
a long, irregular surface. The en
trance and "the . strategic points along
the bank are heavily fortified. Fort
Falkenstein and Fort Stosch guard
the narrows about three and one-half
miles ; above the town. Flanking the
northern termination of the new Kiel
suburbs, the Kaiser Wilhelm canal, a
triumph of patience and engineering,
cuts its way into the sheltered bay.
By means of this canal Kiel Is in
close communication with the North
sea, and units of tbe 'kaiser's navy
can be transferred rapidly and safely
from the war theatre of the open
ocean to that of the Baltic
The Kaiser Wilhelm canal, or the
Baltic ship canal, is the product of
an idea which ripened through cen
turies, Projects for connecting the
Baltic and North sea . by - a water
route' through the northern peninsula
.which should avoid the dangerous
voyage around jutiana, were consia
ered spasmodically from 1800 on,, but
It remained to the military necessi
ties of a great 'empire to bring about
the realization of this advantageous
waterway for trade. Any number of
bashful beginnings of the projected
way were made before the construc
tion of the present canal was under
taken by the first German emperor.
Kaiser Wilhelm I laid the foundation
stone Of the canal in 1887. and the
mostly avenue was formally declared
open by the present emperor in
cording to the preponderance of "ju
dicial evidence' There Is not a law
yer or a Judge who can define Judicial
evidence, or distinguish Between evi
dence" and proof of guilt or innocence.
The various civil and criminal codes
prescribe as a legal proposition that
"proof is the effect of evidence." In
other words, proof is the effect pro
duced in the minds of a jury regarding
anv Quantity or quality of evidence in
a given trial. So, what is proof to one
mind is not proof to another. When a
jury disagrees there Is "proof" and "no
proof." It all depends upon the mental
make up of the juror, ugiw a. grow
many or tnem regara. ieuniuny
against the accused as proof of his
sruiit. The average Juror is not a deep
niwhftinirist- 7w of them would :
know what the word means, yet life
and death depend upon psychology.
Then comes the prosecuting attorney
to play upon the emotions or tnese ar.
biters of life and death, Th prosecut
ini, uttornev seeks only to obtain a
donviction. The emotion of suostan-
tial Justice" finds no aouung puce in
his soul. If he can secure the convic
tion of an innocent man upon perjurea
testimony of a loathsome creatur
!thmit character or conscience, e
feels he has won a great victory. ,
After Frank had been "conviciea.
stated that he believed the negro (bis ?oas ." marxet today is
client) was himself the murderer of Inferior stuff and shrinks after It has
v.r, Phaean This statement created! been worn a short time, and that on
..n.,tinn amonar lawyer and caused
n.. -f them to rate volubly about
"legal ethics." A number of "leading
attorneys' gave yvi"tv
hot n attorney who knows that his
own client is guilty of a crime for
which an innocent man i to o put io
death should keep silent, and pre
.. inviolate the sacred confidence
existing between attorney and client'
INDEX OF ADVANCING
TIDE OF PROSPERITY
From th Philadelphia Ledger.
Reports coming to this market
from many points in th .- south
this week show increasing indus
trial activity is general there. On
1. particular points out that New Or-
leans now na pim i" -
municipally owned grain. elva tor
i . i- M.,niv nf more than 1.-
000,000 bushels and estjmated to T
. ... . ..nn AAA a . tl a fi AA wm
cost Between
000. ! Another report in connection
,i,k sis rtrleana states that a
company with an authorized cap
ital of 8600.000 has been organised
! to, build large cold storage plants
and warehouses.. The Arkansas
Fertilizer company, of Argenta,
Ark., will build a 190,000 sulphuric
acid plant and the Tulsa Boiler
company, - of West Tulsa, Okla.,
will build a 260.000 plant for mak
ing boilers and tanks. The Black
River Cypress ; Lumber company,
of Sardinia, B. CV has organised
with a capital of 2260,000 to build
a mill with a capacity of 20.000,
000 feet per year.
OKLOON NinKUaUTS
The Indianans of Newberg will hold
their annual picnic Saturday, August
28.
m The Lincoln Countr Leader observes
that Toledo is the only town, in , the
county that can boast a - merry-go-round.
Papers that report the progress of
the wave of gypsy migration down the
Willamette valley note a decided fall
ing off in the fortune-telling patron
age. - . '". :
A new lungmotor recently purchased
by public subscription has arrived at
Seaside. The machine will be kept in
the office of the city marshal, in read
iness for instant use. A number of
business men will be taught to use the
machine. ' -
Ashland Tidings: A report of the
Crater lake tourist travel shows that
this year is breaking all records. Up
to Auaruat 8 the total number of tour
ists was 5276, the number of tutomo-'
Dlles lOoS,, -
Alleging an Increasing popularity of
Tillamook coast resorts, the Newberg
Graphic says; "We note that the New
port Review is telling the people who
have, interests at Newport that they
will be compelled to get busy and
make necessary improvements -if they
hop to hold their own with other at
tractive beach resorts."
'
Monroe Leader: The Russian colony
that purchased 100O acres of land over
in Lfnn county two or three year ago
and got "stung" with a lot of worth
less ground, now has an agent over in
Lane county looking for another tract.
Had they had the gumption to Come to
Monroe in the first place they would
have had no trouble. We have the
"garden epof of the valley.
The original canal has been exten
sively improved.
The canal crosses the peninsula
from Holtenaii, jyst beyond the north
ern suburbs of Kiel, to Bmnsbettel,
at the mouth of the Elbe, at sea level.
the locks, at either end merely serving
to neutralize the tides. It is 80 miles
long, with a depth of more than 30
feet and a width sufficient to pass
the largest men of war. A Steamer
takes between eight and nine hours
to pass through the canal, thus bring
ing the advance German naval base
at Heligoland within easy reach of
the Kiel headquarters. The whole
way at night is .lighted by electric
ity. The first cost of th Baltic ship
canal was $39,000,000. Other millions
have been expended in its Improve
meat Regular steamer excursion serv
ice was maintained here before the
war, but the .voyag offered little
of Interest besides steep banks and
here and thte spiritless scenery.
. Great imperial docks, arsenals and
navy yards are located at Kiel,- as
are also admiralty headquarters and
the imperial naval academy. Foreign
ers were not admitted to the docks
and yards.. Many thousands of visit
ors regularly a-ttended Kleler Woche
(Kiel Week), the great German re
gatta held each year during the lat
ter part of June. This regatta was
an event of first Importance in the
world of international sport, and
yachts from all nations Interested in
water sports were annually entered
in" its famous races. The yacht Ho-
henzollern, housing the emperor and
the imperial family, was each year
the central 'point of the gay, rich,
cosmopolitan throng of sportsmen.
- -
Kiel i one of the oldest towns In
Holstein. The' older parts of the
town are badly built, having twisted,
narrow, indifferently paved - streets
and being flanked by gnarled, time
tortured buildings. The new town,
however, is filled with handsome
structures, afid is well planned. The
city has grown in every way. Indus
trially, commercially, socially, artis
tically, since becoming naval head
quarters for the empire and of the
greatest sport event upon the German
sport calendar. - .
There Is an insistent -demand among
jurists and lawyers of conscience in
America for a reform in judicial proy
ceaure. just wnat they propose to do
is not clear, yet the fact they are seek
ing reform is encouraging to the laity.
Personally I helieve the elements of
law and judicial procedure should be
taught in our public schools. It
should be divested of the garb of pro
fessionalism.. Knowing the law and
the consequences of its violation, men
would be less likely to transgress it,
and a vast horde of non-producing par
asites would be compelled to go to
work. GEORGE W, DIXON.
Criticising Clothes;
Portland, Aug. 19. To the Editor of
The Journal Being a mere man but
nevertheless a careful observer of all
new and xtraOrdinary conditions that
arise from time to time in the course
of human progress and evolution, I am
therefore moved to ask of Dam Fash
ion this pertinent question: Why do
ail th women wear short skirts? Old
or young, tall or short, fat or thin in
every case nowadays the skirt is hav
ing a hard time. trying to reach the
ankles. All thia is bewildering to t,he
ordinary man. A friend of mine ex
plained that the material for dress
account of the war American women
have been unable to send away for
better fabries -and have therefore had
to content themselves with the com
modities at home.
Whenever I go to the Oaks or attend
a high class Portland theatre I am not
surprised to find th chorus girl with
the lower extremity of her skirt a foot
or se above the ankles, but in times
like these a very similar scene is not
uncommon, on the street of our city
every day.
W men do not object to this In the
least it is all right in. Itself but
what does bother us is how to readily
recognize who's who. In time gone by
girls have always dressed according to
their age, and older maidens were at
tired In costumes best suited to their
years; but now ''the old order changeth
and giveth plac to new." . All dress
In skirts just as though not one was
a day over "sweet sixteen.". - This, I
ay, is confusing to th average mas
culine mind, especially to that of the
masher.- I saw a fellow on th street
the other day approach a neatly
dressed ypung maiden who, as usual,
was wearing a very abort gown. She
was standing on the corner waiting for
a jitney with her back toward her ad
mirer. A nice aay, mti one," re
marked the young fellow airily. Where
upon the object of his attention .di
rected a swift, piecing gaze in his di
rection and looked him over steadily
for a moment. It was his grandmother
In one of those short skirts. - v ;
This is merely one Instance of many
of its kind, but it alone ought to b
sufficient cause to set the women of
Portland to thinking and lead,, them
to adopt some regulatftn of dress
whereby men- will b abl to iatin
guisb, b they 1 or
jc. i. wrioht.
iai fcAELY XiAXt"
Writer
"- ' ? Journal.
ON CHRISTMAS day, 1887, In th
village of St. Louis, on" th bank
of the Willamette, Captain Fran-,
els Menes started on hi last voyage.
His death removed from Oregon, on
of its picturesque and adventuroua
characters. . In 1817 Oapiain Menea, in
command of the French ship Morning
Star, brought to Oregon Bishop Ulam h- .
ett with 10 priests, 7 nuus, a brothers
and a cargo of goods for the use of
the Catholic churches of Oregon. , On
his second voyage to Oregon in th'
summer of lS4, hi8 vessel, the Morn-
ing Star, met with a serious misad
venture at thr mouth of the Columbia.
Captain Menes decided to settle in '
Oregon."
u H settled at Oregonf City, where
he lived until 1653, when he moved to
St. Louis, on French Prairie. Hi
first mate, Kugene La Forest, also
decided to stay ashore, and settled at 7
Oregon City.
Many yearjLago, in speaking of th
wreck of the Morning Star, Mr. La
Forest said:
In December, 1841, we left Havre '
de Grace, and reached the Columbia
river bar about the middle of July,
184K. VVe remained outaiae the .bar
seven days, waiting for a pilot. . No
pilot could be obtained and by th
advice of the captain of an American
brig, who informed us that Mr. Reeve,
the bar pilot, had been drowned in th
bay of San Francisco, it was' agreed
that both vessels should cross ther
bar as Boon aa the wind was favorable.
Captain Menes, having crossed one
before, consented to go ahead, : whil '.
the other vesnel should follow; but 111
doing so In, took the wrong direction,
for the channel had changed sinue 1S4T,
and the Morning Star was badly used
for nine hours on the bar, wltli very
heavy weather against us. Th Amer
ican brig which had been in our wake
passed us at about COO yards distance.
She struck bottom in several places,,
but was able to go on, as she drew
only six or seven feet of water, while
the Morning Star drew 16 feet. W
lost all the Morning Star's small life
boats while attempting to lowef them,
at which time one man was drowned.
The keel worked loose from the stern -and
the rudder' was lost, which left
the vessel uncontrollable; but through
I'rpvidence interceding in our behalf
and through the courage of the captain
and the crew, the chip wag brought
into Baker's bay with tour feet oR wa
ter in our hold. Most of the pump
were broken and it was well nlgn
impossible to keep her afloat; but with
the courage and skill of Captain Menes
and the rew. and through the aid
of Mr. Latta, a river pilot, who i
brought to our aid a number of In
dians, and with constant pumping and
boiling, we reached a place of rafety. .
We built a box rudder, with which .
we succeeded in steering the vessel
up the river tj Portland, landing where
the Allen & Lewis warehouse now
stands. Hern we Hiieceeded in paving
the cargo. The hull v.uu sold to Couoll
anij Flanders, who sold it to Charles-.
Hutchins. who burned her for the. iron;'
and copper. , - - ;
- -
In view of" the fact that the trip"
from the mouth of the 'Columbia river .,
to Han Francisco can now be made' in
safety, luxury and upeed, it is interest
ing to recall travel by steam 40 yea&s
or so ago. . On November &. 187 .
pretty much all of Portland turned out
to see the steamer John L. Stephens,
which had bern given up as lost at
sea. While en route from San Fran
cisco to Portland, the vessel ran into,
a storm off the coast of northern Cali
fornia, which continued With unabated :
severity from Sunday: mornintf to
Wednesday: night. The seas lrd"a com
pletely over the ship, carrying away ;
theguards, wlteelhouse and damaging,
the cabins: ' The hatchway wert
wrenched loose arid the galley snd
steerage were flooded. The steerage,
passengers were quartered 'in the ea-
loon and dining room. She worked her
way northward, and the following
Tuesday -she ley outside the bar at
Astoria. For six d'ys and nights Cap
tain . Floyd did not leave ahe bridge.
The bar was "mountains high," so
Captatn. Floyd, lay outside till the
storm blew itself out, then crossed the
bar and canie up the river to Portland
unannounced. ' '
Captain It, S. Floyd was an -Old tlm
Pacific coast mariner, haying been
tnaster of the Active, plying .between f
Portland and Victoria, and later having
commanded the Oriflame. Still later
he wa8 master of the John L. Stephens.
After retiring from the sea he had V
charge of the "Lick Trust." and for
years devoted all of his. energy to th
construction of the 3 inch Lick tele
scope at the Mount Hamilton, observa
tory In California, for which James
Li.k left 7fcu,000.
Some of the passengers who mad!
tho trip on the John L. Stephens ii
yours ago are still with us. Thi psa- ,
sengers presented Captain Floyd with
a. testimonial, which rtaas as follows:
On iloaid Steai.iblilp John L. Stsphens,
Off Columbia itiver, weanesuay
Morning, November IS, 1871. I,
Whereas. Hecotrnicfng the perils and
dangers nt the i;it lew days which
we nave undergone, and the able anl
skillful management of the said-steam- .
ship during a severe and trying storm
(commencing on Sunday morning, No
vember i ., j nil lasting - until Wednes
day morrows, November 15 off the
our most excellent and devoted officer
ami crew, who bv their prompt action
and attention to duty have safely con
trolled and brougnt the said ateamsnip
with its passengers through the above
described Btorrn; now we. m iinasr
signed pa&fcngerB, lio e '. nd most
heartily do we, affix our neme to tb
following resolution: . .
ReKolved, That our thanks be, and.
aro hereby given to our most noble, .
brave and kind hearted captain, H, M. :
Floyd for the unclfnching ouiage and'
devoiedness to duty displayed by him -in
times of severe trial .and danger;
for his abl and skillful management
of our smer during such a storm;
not seeking any rest-1 Trom Sunday
morning until Wednesday morning, but
ever standing at his post. And further
are hereby given to th pilot. Daniel f
Oraham, for piloting us safely into
the port of Astoria; also, the several
rncnes, and the crew, for their unflinch
ing courage and prompt obedience to
orders. (Signed.)
Oeorge P. Ibrie. 8. i. Holmes. B. P.
CardweU, L. Hulin, Richard H. Wise,
T, D. Henderson.-Mrs. George P. Ibrie,
Ms. M. BU Holmes. Mrs. Abble Card-
well, Mrs. J. Lufkin, Mrs. rranei
Winch, Miss A.- Loomia. Mrs. M, W.
Smith, Mrs. Lucy A. Forbes, Mrs, Bet
tie L. Jackson, Emily C. Fllkin. W. H.
Roberts, Mts M, C. Shumand. Samuel
Aekley. I C. Millard. William Wood
bury, France Livingston, A. P. Stew
art, m K. fope. i . .v . jacKnon, j. n.
Pllkln, Henry VV. Winche, Eugene C.
Ubin. T, j. joooyear. nanes r-.
Brown. A. F. Forbes, James Forces,
James Cameron. L. B. Elliott, H. Fair
man, M. Wise. L. C. Henrlchsen, A. R.
VanHouten, Willi m H. Drake, 11. W.
Boyce. Iteuben Loveridge. Mr. Llnl
McNary. Miss A. K. Richards, Mr. A.
R. VanHouten. Mrs. Kate S. Wise, Mrs.
D. B. Boyce, Mr. Klia Ainsa.
Decadence Everywhere.
: From the New York Olob.
No, people are not nearly so rugged
a they wer Aalf a century ago Frex.
a brakeman down state, fell under th
wheels of hi train, and a contempor
ary reports; "Hi head was cut off.
He died instantly."
.
Oil, Say -Not So,
From the Cincinnati Times Star.
Most of the eugenlsts w have seen
have been physically pretty uncon
vincing. . -:' '' ' : - - -