t:: ciizccij daily jouiinai
w -r Ayr t-N n rTT" T T '
JULV
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fi-IE JOURNAL
S. JACKSON... ........... -..WMIttlt
;:4 eer eraolns leaeept Buedar) en
rrj eonaar Keraiig at ilia jcmrnci nana
' , Frojrf awl T'Wtitn ata., forties. Or.
t4 at tb poatofflee at Porl4. Or, tor
aa Mien toroos tb , alalia . a , aecoaa
- i t.KPHONES-iHH T1TJ Bom. Xtl
t "-partmenta reached by tbeea Bsmbera, Tall
rt"tf what dtrBCTt yon want.
J OUZIQH ADVBBTISIK0 BKPHESBSTATITS
i'-'io't Kantnor Co.. Brnn"r1c BI4f
. j tifth ire.. Nnr Jotki iai Paoyle'a
-- noa.. Miro
feubaoiptSoa tame by giafl or te asy ad-
One year,.... ..$8,00 I One swath. I.. JO
runu4i
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PAILY AKD STJXDAX
Qua year. ...... T.BQ ) One moata...,,..! .S3
' America asks nothing for her-
j ' self bat what she lies right to
; ask for humanity Itself.
" WOODROW nXS03T.
33
It ! one of tb Illusion
that th p res en hour Is not
th critical, decislv hour.
Writ it on , your heart that
evry day i the beat day In
the rear. man has learned
anything rightly until be
knows and feel that every
day big doomsday. -Car-
TirE A3XEIUCAN NOTE
STRIPPED of diplomatic, lan
guage, tbe American note ex
presses regret that Germany's
reply failed to ' meet the rel
Issue 'between , the two govern
ments,, tout proposed. instead partial
Bucpesvion of the laws of humanity.
It expresses satisfaction at the
admission . by the German govern
ment of the principle that the high
seas are free, that the character
and cargo of a merchantman mast
first be ascertained before she can
be lawfully seized or destroyed, and
that the lives of non-combatants
can in no way be put in Jeopardy
unless the vessel resists or seeks to
escape after being summoned to
submit to examination. But it ex
presses disappointment : that the
German government claims that It
is in large degree exempt from ob
ligation to observe these require
ments. , The government - of the
. United States cannot - discuss the
policy of Great Britain with regard
to neutral trade except with that
government itself, . i -v '
. . ; Illegal and inhuman acts are in
defensible when they deprive neu
trals of their Tights, 1 particularly
when they violate the right to life
lUelf.
If a belligerent cannot retaliate
against an enemy without Injuring
the lives of neutrals, as well as
their property, tbe practice should
be discontinued. If persisted in; it
would be an unpardonable offense
- against the neutral ? nations v af
fected.' - n
The . government of the United
States is not unmindful of the
changed method of warfare through
new weapons brought Into use since
international rules - were ' adopted,
and will make every reasonable al-
- iowance therefor, but it cannot
abate any right of its people On
that account. It is the duty of bel
ligerents to adapt their warfare to
tbe immutable rights of . neutrals,
Events of the past two months
have shown that submarine war
fare can be carried on in conform
ity to International usage and law.
The world has observed with In
creasing satisfaction in that period
that the conformity of German
naval commanders with the rights
of neutrals has done much to make
submarine warfare unobjectionable.
'- The government of the - United
States believes the German govern
ment wJU disavow the wanton act
of its naval commander in sinking
the Lusitania. and make reparation
for loss of life incident thereto. -
The offer of the German govern
ment to indicate certain vessels on
which American citizens can use
th seas in safety is declined. To
accept tbe offer would be abandon
ment or the principles for which
this government contends. s
; The American ana German gov
ernments are. both contending for
. the freedom of the seas, and they
have long stood together for the
principles . on which the American
government ; now insists. a The
" American government will continue
to contend for that principle with
out compromise and at ' any cost.
It Invites cooperation of the Ger-
: man government a this time when
the principle can be strikingly
achieved. ' .
The American government be
lieves the - principle can even be
established between the belligerents
, themselves, and ' offers to aid In
bringing it about. Repetition of
acts by German naval commanders
t in violation of the rights ofs neu
trals must be regarded, when ' they
affect American citizens, as delib
erately unfriendly.
The note is not & causa for a
break of relations. -It is the ablest
-cf all the discussions of the Issues
.yet submitted. Jt emhodies a Jusi
tlfjable concession In that it does
r:nt demand abandonment of sub
marine warfare. r The note as a
whole expresses the settled convic
tions of the American, people, and
will be - widely and emphatically
commended. ,
s ; THE . CAESAItS -
KOTHING more extraordinary
has come from Col.' Roose
velt than his denunciation in
' - his San Francisco speech of
the arbitration treaties.
" Thirty powers have joined the
United States in ' these treaties
which provided that before war
can be declared, a year must: be
given over to arbitration of the
matter in controversy. Could there
be a nobler or more commendable
pledge between nations? - , r
. - CoL Roosevelt ; denounced : the
treaties as "shameful," : He said;
But it was a shameful thins to
have put oureelvea in eucb av posi
tion that it had to ' b repudiated,
and it was inexcusable of us to de
clino to follow the principle sin - the
case of the Xusitani without att the
saiqe time rnaklnc frank confession
of our error and misconduct , by no
tifying all powers with whom we had
already mads the treaties.- that they
were withdrawn, because in practice
we had found it impossible and Im
proper to follow out the principle
to which they committed us.
On what standard of morals and
manhood is it "misconduct" not to
go to war until after every means
of settling, the . dispute by arbitra
tion has been exhausted? .
. Is the European plan of plung
ing a continent into war over the
killing of an archduke by a crank
the better way ? i
There has already been a year
of war, and . no question Involved
in the cause, whatever that cause
was, has been settled yet. Nothing
will be settled, until the end comes
at an indefinite period hence; and
then it will not be by. tbe butchery
and blood that adjustment will be
reached, but by the. discussion and
debate at the peace conference.
That is . to say, after all Europe
has remained for , many horrible
months sr-fearful slaughter pen, the
representatives of the belligerents
will assemble and settle their dif
ferences by the exact plan that the
arbitration treaties would have ap
plied in the beginning, ;lf a dis
pute must be settled in - the end
by reason and arbitration, why not
settle it in the beginning by rea
son and arbitration and eliminate
the unspeakable atrocities and fe
rocities of war? ,.
The contention of Mr. Roosevelt
s madness. If the nations beyond
the Atlantic had been pledged o
first attempt settlement of their
differences by reason and arbitra
tion, Europe would ; not now be a
vast human cockpit. Instead pt a
world ' convulsed with, the most
awful butchery in history, all great
nations would be i in . the midst of
peace, prosperity and - the pursuit
of happiness. j ". ' '
There is not a . ruler in Europe
but wishes : today that, he had
stopped to " arbitrate -before .de
claring hostilities; t There Is xtb f
a . chancellory but wishes peace
treaties had been binding on all
nations, '
There Is not a mother in Europe
that would not give up all her earth
ly possessions to. have arbitration
step in today to supersede the ter
rible shells in deciding 'the contro
versies. If left to a popular vote,
there is not a ' pepple in Europe
but would vote a thousand to one
In favor of arbitration as against
war n settling disputes. -
The only men in the world who
prefer the .-war plan to the arbi
tratlon plan are the Caesars. '
BAXXROAD PROFITS
THE . New Haven railroad has
Issued a pamphlet giving
some Interesting figures con
cerning revenues and the cost
of operating a railroad.' : -i
The first observation car, built
In 187-1, cost the New Haven $75 00
and weighed 41,000 pounds. The
latest type h of i observation car
Costs $24,397 and weighs 155,200
pounds. The price has multiplied
more than three . times; whereas
seating capacity has increased only
47 per cent. Locomotives In 1871
cost $13,000 each ; today the mod
ern electric locomotive costs $42,-
000. - - ?
In l$71 engineers on New Ha
ven passenger trains received $9 0
to - $100' a month; 'now they are
paid' $131.89. : Conductors wages
have Increased in like manner.
Firemen receive 25 ,per. cent more
pay; and ' brakemen have secured
a similar increase. All wages have
been raised 20 to 60 per. cent.
The average rate per mile per
passenger in 1871 was 2.5 cents;
in 1914 it was 1.7 cents, a decrease
Of 82 per cent. , In 1871 the a.ver-r
age. freight rate per ton mile was
4.3 cents; in 1914 It was 1.4 cents,;
a decrease of 67 . per cent. j
These figures ;bave value, but
they do not tell i the whole story.
The New Haven Uailroad may beilasta : two e&T leaser submarine
paying - more for its rolling stock KSers will be carrying supplies
and higher wages to its men. However,-that
Is not the reason for
the New Haven's present financial
condition. In 18 71 that road was?
operated primarily ; as. a carrier of
freight and' passengers. It con
tinued - in that capacity . for a long
term of. years, and prospered
greatly. " . j -'
Then earns the blight of banker
control, The New Haven's finan
ces were managed ; in the interest
of a small group of individuals.
A . prosperous railroad was almost
wrecked on ? rocks placed in its
way by men who made railroading
secondary . to stockjobbing and
monopolistic schemes. - if it bad
not been for these men the New
Haven would,' because of the enor
mous increased . traffic, be today
!the prosperous railroad It was two
or three decades ago, In spits of
higher wages and greater cost of
rolling stock. . . .
; Meanwhile, Howard Elliott has
taken ; the New Haven out of
stock gambling and put it into
real railroading, . and it Is - once
more returning dividends .
A YEAR OF WAK
N'
EXT Wednesday the bloodiest
war; .in ", history will have
been In progress one year, ;
V By official French esti
mates last March, the losses of the
allies were placed at more than
3.500.000 men with equal or great-
ter losses by the Teuton group. , The
cost in war- expenditure Is placed
at 13 to 15 billion dollars in ad
dition - to the staggering destruc
tion ; of property on which no es
timate; has tbeen ventured. .
War: on Serbia was declared by
Austria on - the twenty-eighth of
list pf 11 of the most' remarkable
demands ever made by one nation
upon another,. Serbia granted nine
of these demands outright, partly
granted the tenth and partly re
jected the eleventh. - , " r 2
Germany declared war on Rus
sia, August' 1st, and hostilities be
gan on the western frontier Aug
ust 2nd, ' when Germany , moved
against Belgium. ' ; v
; Germany , offered , compensation
for - permission i to pass : through
Belgium with an army in the
movement on France, but Belgium
resisted and appealed ' to England
for help. On August 4th, Great
Britain declared war on Germany.
The operations ' on - the western
front; ? after a . year of tremendous
slaughter is a deadlocked battle
line of which the French bold , 540
miles, the British 32 and tbe Bel
gians 17,- Tbe . relative - positions
of the antagonists are -: practically
the same -as they- were, after the
great battle, of the Marne, which
began September Cth. All the
power of r both sides has ; been
hurled repeatedly into action in
attempts to break the entrenched
enemy, but always r without - suc
cess. -..-
The eastern front has presented
a more varying field. For a third
time since the war .began, the Ger
man armies"' are "menacing War
saw, On the first of last October,
von Hindenberg crossed - th fron
tier and - in three weeks had . ad
vanced within seven miles of War
saw. With remarkable energy; the
Russians concentrated their forces
in the vicinity, and the Germans,
after having been . within sight of
Warsaw were forced to retreat. ?
By the middle of December, von
Hindenberg again took the offen
sive and again penetrated within
80 miles of the ancient Polish
capital., ; The Russians again suc
cessfully disputed the German adr
vance, and began the - victorious
campaign which carried them over
the Carpathians and into the Plains
of Hungary, March 22nd, the Rus
sians captured Prsemysl, "taking
as prisoners an Austrian army of
150,000 men.1 In the present drive,
the Germans are forcing the Rus
sians back, over territory which
they have : won and lost no less
than twice during the war. -:
Nothing that has ever come up i
on the world has entered so deep
ly Into, the life of so many peo
ple as the present conflict. Orys of
Its battles is described as the great-
est in history and It is probable
that several other " bloody strug-
gles are eligible for classification
in the same rank. Beside either
of , them, the battles of Waterloo
or Gettysburg are little more than
small engagements, - The losses in
a single battle in the present war
are greater than the total ' number
of men' engaged., on - both sides at
Waterloo. . - i
This r first 1 year of the great
struggle is the subject of a review
of the' principal events of;, the
conflict, which will be found in
Sunday's i Journal.
"'A Washington dispatch says the
government is to bring suits
against American eitlzens -who,
though apparently able to do so,
refuse to repay money expended
for : their ; relief when they ere
stranded in Europe at tbe ii out
break of tho war, - " The ' chances
are good for tabbing the meanest
American.; - .
The ' Niearaguan ' minister saya
that, in 'case of a foreign 5 war,
Latin America ' and the. United
States would v: turn ' out an ail
American ; team. The expression
reflects the new confidence our
southern neighbors have - in us
Letnce Woodrow ; Wilson became
president of the United States.
Simon Lake, designer of the new
American .' submarine - that ; can
cruise 6500 miles without refuel
in e. ' oredicts : that ! ' If .. the r -war
should be named Jules Verne.
. David . Lloyd-George's worth to
Great Britain . was demonstrated
by bis settlement of the Welsh
coal strike. Perhaps even the aris
tocratic section, of England In time
will admit that a genuine reformer
Is av national asset. : j ?
A whale mistaken for a hostile
submarine off the Island of Gor
gana, opposite Pisa, was fired upon
and killed by n Italian warship.
Another violation of neutral rights.
Booker T. Washington
an
nounees ' that in the : first six
months of this year there were 34
lynchlngs in the United States,
Of those lynched, . 24 'were ne-
groes and 10 were whites. Only
seven of the victims were, .ac
cused of crimes against women.
Among the other reacons. for mob
violence were stealing cotton,-
cow, or a hog. . When human life
is held so lightly is civilisation
not largely veneer.
: Oregon hens are leading in the
egg-laying contest at the San Fran
cisco exposition. The wonder is
that , any other hen could - have
been Induced to enter . the competition.
i f New ; York's threatened garment
workers strike has been averted,
and the supply . of clothes will not
; be curtailed when we need them
leasts ' . ;
A Portland man has found use
for his empty automobile seat. He
employs it to take children over
the t prettiest, parts of town.
- THE GREAT WAR: THEN
THE GREATCOMPROMISE
r rrom'ttia Las Aacelea Tlmea.
sae-
A; rif ice, of so many bitter lessons
learned - on both sides, ' there is
a spirit of compromise abroad in the
world; wraths .are abating; ' national
bates sre modifying their spleen, im
placable utterances hedging, .national
hopes dwindling, .f
On- sees the signs cropping- up in
every country. Courageous voices are
bIgv raised- to - dispute l the : wisdom
of this war; tentative concessions are
being made in important points; news
paper articles ' are Jess murderous;
reason, sweat reason, is gaining a
fooihold : - - v
I : Jvsry nation engaged has - a knife
Is t' a. r raw wound, .which gives them
all i pause. The ,spirit might bej wil
ling but the flesh is suffering unto
death. , The most .'indomitable courage
In the "world is not proof against
festering,' torturous wound- There
Is A . limit to human . endurance. ... .
" "Bo we find the newspapers of the
various countries asking anew the
questions What are w fighting fori
Are -we gaining ; it? Is ; it . worth It ?
: If England Is . waging a : fight
against, militarism; bow is she suc
ceedingf Already : talk of conscrip
tion is at white heat; mrtisi 'law
reigns in v thin disguise throughout
the. country; and to observe England
now . la to - watch the birth of a dras
tic i and far-reaching militarism, de
signed to ; excel . the : most - strenuous
Qerraan brand. England is clamoring
for! militarism; clamoring for the
thing she is out to crush. Far from
erushing militarism, she is about to
install the most positive and : f ar
reachlng militarism th world , has
ever' known, all that Germany had
attained and all that tbe lessons of
the war have taught her.
Jf she was fighting against the in
crease of . armaments she .has: failed
lamentably. After this armaments
Will be the be-all and end-all of a
government's duty.' - And the safety
of t small nations and " their -right to
existence will be' a . pretty fairy tale
of i the long ago.
If Germany was too ambitious. If
Germany '.coveted world , dominance,
if r the brave and ' splendid German
army was designed : to maintain and
Increase : German greatness, bow far
ha - Germany succeeded? ... . It - has
performed wonderful feats s of arms
that will ' live . in history, but what
has Jt gained, what has It maintained?
'Germany has lost her colonies, . lost
her. overseas trade, lost much Jove
and' respect in the "world: that was
hers, lost her ally, Italy, Her great
military vlotorlee have .- been empty
victories; her r political .losses have
far offset them, , -r,
, ' e-ie
Bussla,.,too, what has : she gained?
If she meant to ; protect the Blav
world she hgs failed. Sbe has jiot
protected the Blava; - she has barely
succeeded In ' protecting herself.. She
Is dally losing all that , she : had
gained, plus r millions of her man
hood,' raueh . of her ' pride. .
And France, her good friend, France,
whose entry Into ; the war was thal
of sympathetic adherent? She is pay
ing dearly for her friendship, fight
ing blindly "miserably now to regain
her -own. lost territory, recover her
own status quo, w
iWhataver the natiopg were fight
ing for. deep down in their . hearts,
over and beyond . their proclaimed
ideals, they have failed. : They have
all failed but Japan. And they are
all recognising that theyai must com
promise . with ; their Ideals, oompro.
mise with fate. If they go en fight
ing now they ; know -that they must
lose still more; loss, loss, loss, with
never a hope of gaining a tithe of
their original ambitions. They . proud
ly declare -that they will not accept
peace until such and such has been
won;' both sides have their irreduci
ble minimum of success upon rwbicb
ther will be satisfied te make peace.
But one observe that the Irreducible
minimum grows beautifully - less . as
the" weeks go by,- . J-Jko the college
boy with n Implacable determina
tion to become 'president, they Will
be grateful enough .for a country
postmastersbip et no distant 1 date.
Non ef the nations were the big
giants they thought they were. They
hav. all . had to eat their boasts a
hitter pill. Japan alon is ' immune
from tho' medicine, for eh only un
dertook a little Job. wW within her
ability, and , made . no larg brag, '.
; ; And as Japan is - ths one unquali
fied victor, Belgium Is the one un
qualified martyr. But all the peace
proposals
include the restoration of
Belgium. - Even 0rmany conced
this, as ther would ' be small satis
faction In" compelling so bitter and
a population
yoke.
to serve
. A harvest of bitterness and defeat i
is ; all that- tho war .: has brought
forth.. Teu cannot sow shrapnel and
reap Jove and prosperity.
Europe is
realising- this poignantly, sadly.
jj0
on can 7 believe - the war will last
three years; tho lesson has been
too repeUant, the tears too scalding.
It will, . It roust . end : soon, before
another dreadful session of the
trenches ia winter, before further
Internal woes lend , horror to the
wounded nations. - -.. .
s e
"W all .'have to compromise with
life; pever on of us that; has -not
had to modify his demands of fate.
Th great compromise Is at hand,
and Europe -will : b saddsr, . wiser
and profit only in iu disposition its
arrogance. Its reapeot for .each othen
Tonce Over
SAM HILL master road builder
chum of King Albertsarant an
art appreciator be could .' deliver a
lecture on Mrs, Spencer's eookleg)-
was not bis wontee cheerful self
yesterday. . -:
i j Not that be moped like Hamlet
or General Huerta-or Mrs. Fank
burst or any other mollycoddle
'gainst whom -outrageous fortune
has turned her rapid-firers.
' tj No not that.
for Sam JIU Is' optimist of
the kind who 5 regard life wbate'er
befall as a goodly thing.
and the world as the best place
they ever, saw, - -
II But yesterday there was about
him v certain gravity that his
friends couldn't help but observe.
- and when ' he continued to gase
afar they wondered, '
JT And finally at luncbeon-when
be peppered his pie Sam Hill likes
pi all optimists like pie. -r
they, asked, him what was . the
matter. , 4- ,
,, TJAnd he answered thcra saying: .
5 "Ten years and two: months ago
wrote a check tor f 1600. ;
"and forgot-utterly that' X had
uttered U - . " -
tj"And in 10 years and two months
I. have had several secretaries. .
. "and after awhile X - guess one
of them thinking it had been paid
I suppose-r-dropped it from the
books. . '
' "and that was tbe last of It -"until
; today. . ' ' . .
"when I found ray bank account
bad dropped 1X000," . -i
ej And ' Mr. Hill . sighed deeply,
end pat some mayonnaise on his
ice cream, ,
! and no one thought it worth
while to stop him. -
J And of course it may ' be legal
and all that -
. -Vbut It doesn't seem right, -
ej I've forgotten cheeks myself
for smaller amounts fer a. time.
until the banker called me up.
". and then down. -,
. fjBut this as - Oencral eherman
said is staggering. - i -
and besides no ope knows but
Mr. Hill and the man , who cashed It
and the bank who got the money
after X0 years and. two months. ;
- and it may be the man thought
if he Jtept It long enough Mr,. Hill's
autograph would be worth more
than, f 1000. .
-" or perhaps he was a deacon In
some cpurch, ' ..... -
and used this Enoch Arden cheek
for a bookmark in .his Bible 19
years and two months ago.
JBut I feel that I'm groping in
the dark,
because If he Uid--how did he
ever happen to find. It again? .
v unless X kpow this is a
hazardbut -
tr LISTEN Perhaps be went
wild
-last
wee to-- near uuiy Sunday
says it pays to be religious. .
he
Letters From the People
Coaiiamications aaot to Tbe Jovrnal : toe
fiublieatUm la tbia department ahould ba writ,
au en only one aide ut tha papar, should oat
exceed 300 werda is length and nant be ae.
companied by the name and addreas of tbe
ii clef.
li tn writar jxoea not eaaire to bare
tha sane published, he aheold ao aute,
"Dlaenstlos U the xreateit of all reformers.
It ratlooaliaea eTerytblnt it toacbea. It roba
prisclplca of all false aancttty and tbrowa them
back os their reatonableneea. If taay bars do
reaadnableneaa. it roth'.Bsalr eruabea them out
of existence and aeta op ,lta ova eoocjuiiona
ta taei atead.' 'Woodrow Wllaon. .
On the Cost of Milk.
: Portland, July il. To - the Editor
of Tha Journal "Conumer,w writing
in' The Journal of July 0, says, "I
ean stat moat emphatically that th
highest,, grad milk can; be secured
bottled, ready for. delivery, for; 4
cents per , quart, and th delivery " of
25 - auart lots to some ' central point
in tho community should, not exceed
1 cent per quart." - -.
Signing such, a" statement, Con
sumer" was superfluous. Any en
would know - a consumer was doing
th talking. "" No producer would run
milk down 'like that.- No milkmaid
ought to b required to milk for - tt
eents the - gallon, let alone wash th
dirty bottles ' and pay th freight.
But I'm not speaking to disprove
what "Consumer" spoke. I suspect
"Consumer" is a lady, and I'm mighty
slow' about getting into an argument
with a lady. But if "Consumer" is a
he 'consumer he will confer a great
favpr by informing m where that
16 .cents a gallon bottled - milk comes
from, 'a -
Ko, I don't "want to buy any milk
I'm looking for Milk river. And then
X . want to locate Honey lake, plant
me some battercake bushes and . set
! tie down to an easy life of consura
I ing. far from the 'madding crowd's
I ignoble strife,"- out of earshot of the
I high , cost of living. -
, La, yesJ. Put me err in the land ef
milk and honey, and I'll risk: becom
ing a mollycoddle. Let's find Milk
river.. ROBERT G. DUNCAN.
, . "Peace at Any Price.
. Portland, July ?3. To the Editor of
The Journal In your editorial, under
the heading, "Peace at Any Price," in
The Journal of July 30, 'you refer to
the Brooklyn league, with 10,000 mem
hers, who refuse to d military servie.
You note the good Intention of th
league, but question the advisability
of such organisation. All - kinds of
peace organisations are - now forming
over - the country. Their multiplied
activities ' but argue that ths nubllo
mind 1 profoundly stirred at the ex-f
Mbition ' or the military system ln4
action. v - .
It never had a better chance to shew
what ft could do for : humanity than
revengeful
under her
j by what it is now doing in Europ. It
PERTINENT COMMENT
S MAUL CHANGE
Chl Cairo TTftraM: Tt'a Inrirv th,
, so few unexplored lands left. Some
jMiropean powers might try to civilize
Atlanta Journal: ; President Wilson
received a greater ovation in New
Kngland than ever before, whlcn may
he a fact full of significance -for those
people who profess to . see opposition
aiong in r"
Pittsburg Chronicle Telegraph That
Chicago drygoods press agent has
broken loose again and would have the
credulous believe that Chicago and not
Paris sets the styles for the entire
fashionable world. .
' Taeonaa Tribune: Home prids is to
be commended. It is pretty close to
the limit, however, when WashingtOB,
D. C newspapers run daily accounts
of the virtues of tbe national capital
as a summer resort.
Seattle Post Intelttgencer: The de
lay of Bou mania, in entering the -war
is- now attributed to the difficulty
which is found in selecting the proper
color for the book to be issued explain
lng why she was forced to take the
Seattle Times: America does riot
care whether Wilson gets the Nobel
peace prise and it is probable he does
not, . for ' be has already . received
something more important the trust
and confidence of his own people In a
great crisis. 1
Philadelphia Ledger: As a famous
physician said the other day, "The
real business of the child is not to
pass examinations but to grow up."
For these, among other reasons, : the
playgrounds of Philadelphia are among
the city's greatest assets.
Los Angeles Times: . Former Presi
dent Taft thinks executive power
ought to be Increased to save the
people from their own weaknesses. It
has generally been supposed that the
idea of -democracy was for people to
save themselves. 7w. t.a.-v ;-;v-.-
ONE OF THE WORLD'S
From the Toronto Globe. .
On June 15. 1US, -on "Charter
Island." in the Thames, King John af
fixed his name jto a document that has
done more to develop constitutional
government and promote political civ
ilization than any other ever penned
by human hands. The king signed the
"Articles" with the utmost reluctance
and - only under the most - persistent
pressure exercised by; the feudal no
bles of England. Almost immediately
afterwards be did his best to undo
what he had been constrained to per
form,' but Magna Chart survived him,
and it was many times either revised
or . confirmed by , bis son and grand
son, Usnry-III and Edward I respect
ively. All need for such renswals was
ended when the latter, in a new docu
ment,1 gave up finally his royal pre
rogative of raising a revenue without
the consent of parliament, which had
by that time become the "great in
quest of the nation.
. Magna Charts, as Its name imples,
was drawn up In LaUn. the work of
composition being done by Stephen
Langton. archbishop 0t Canterbury.
There is litUe doubt that Xngton
brought to the attention of the nobles
the charter granted ? voluntarily by
Henry X to the people of England a
hundred years before, for In some re
spects the Great Charts of bn lm
an enlargement of the one signed by
hie great-grandfather century ear
lier to- strengthen his hold oa a throne
to which he bad no hereditary claim.
Bhorten cbartaa had been S'ven by
Stephen and Henry Jl . and eonees.
sions to their subjects were made in
the treaty of WaUlngf ord, which se
cured to Henry III the peaceful rever
sion of tbe crown of England.
The enduring effectiveness of the
Great Charta was due to the fact
that tbe. nobles who t.oed "
their sovereign Included within Its
scope provisions ' intended to seeure
tho ughts f the commoners ?'
as those Of the noblest The bond thus
created between the two classes was
is "war at any prte and a
pHeei Oenral Shrman said: "War
Is barbarism and you.: cannot define
it." AW the wealth, all tb" resource,
all the able bodied mn are , on th
altar of the war god. What mor does
he want? Can he compute the
ing, ruin and dvasUtion -of- th last
year, or th legacy of an unborn gen
eration that comes into the world with
war debts and taxes, like a millstone
about its neckT The nations of Europe
have been , shaking . their mailed fists
in each other's face tor years. Now
thev are at each other's throats, and
elf they are fighting la "elf de-
tfense." .
The military .of our - coumry
blinded. . It does ndt read the hand
writing on the wall nor see th mili
tary system of Europe breaking down
of its own weightr but rushes on- In
its mad career. Bummontng inventive
genius, new infernal machines ar to
b constructed; the aeroplane must be
brought down from its lofty helghtr? a
submarine destroyer must be 'built,- and
other ad nauseum, .And all this for
"self defense"' to a nation that ha
never been attacked, has no enemies
and whose professed reliance ha been
upon righteous principles and moral
force. Is it not a fact that "peso
at .any price" Is the only peace worth
th nam? Do th military, with all
w. r.iTnfn- about "our unprepared-
ness," ever refer to the 'condition of
our northern boundary? When we
agreed with Canada a- hundred years
a "m" 1 V
INDEX OF ADVANCING
TIDE OF PROSPERITY
- . j -. NwessaeweeyasaS' - -
-v Plttsburg-Posltiv .evidence of
very encouraging improvement in
domestic demand is furnished by
the Pittsburg district. Colonel H.
PBope, vice president of the Car
negl Steel company, say that d'
rAeA lmDrovoment in the 'domes
? . )t nation has been under way
ror sevsrat moniwa
of leading .lnaepenaem voropauiioe
.rf., atmllar testimony. On Of
the largest independent steel bar t
noanufacturers is no raat
material for shells. Thi company
i. nnanfinr-at 85 oer cent of ca-
f paeity and fully 70 per cent of the
orders ar .- xrom uuatcavxv -Burners,
most of whom, it is be
lieved, are not shipping abroad to
any extent. - -'.
The bulk of the business of -th
American 8het and Tin Plat
company is purely domestic, Auto- T
mobile ouuaera are wains a
aheet tonnages, . car nuuaers are
specifying mor briakly and elec
trical concerns, such as th Weat
lpgbpus and Ganral Electric, ar
beginning' to take normal require
ments. It- is predicted that July
will run ahead of June, th best
month in two years for specifica
ttnnn. KalrlT heavy demand for
i tin plate for export has come out
recently, but a very large percent-,
age of the tin plate tonnage is go
ing to domesti consumers.
AND NEWS IN BRIEF
OREGON SIDELIGHTS
- "Oh, well. St in the shade Is only
spring weather in places where it real
ly gets hot." drawls the Eugene Regis
ter, letting it goat thau w :
Road supervisors in Yamhill county
have been directed to wait a fight
against tiie Canada thistle in their re
spective districts, and rigidly to en
force the state law against the pest.
A new city jail at Ashland will be
constructed of, cement, with steel cells,
to meet the requirements of the state
law, and the room at the rear of the
city hall, where tha jail la now lo
cated, will be equipped for a woman's
rest room. -
Dallas Itemlxer: William ElUs, of
Falls ' City, is tearing down what is
known as the old D'Lasbmutt house,
on North Levens street, It is one of
the oldest houses to Dallas. Mr. Ellis
will erect a new bouse on this lot dur
ing the summer, -
' "Plans are on foot," says tbe News
Beporter, "to-give McMinnville an ade
quate and wholesome water supply
and the water and light commission
has filed water rights on a creek on
the mountains west of here. Whatever
the cost, the health of the city de
mands that a new water supply be
obtained.".
Salem Journal: v The Eugene Regis
ter makes a pertinent suggestion when
it advocates the use of Oregon prod
ucts at home. - As an example it be
lieves that one way to popularise
loganberry juice is to 4rmk it our
selves and not attempt to make it a
beverage entirely for foreign con
sumption. ... .- ,
.. ...... :- . :;L . ' ;;..
Case of mercy tempering justice, re
lated by the Canyon City Eagle: "Karl
Gregga was arrested at Austin charged
with the killing of a deer while pass
ing, through the country, lie was ac
companied by his family, who were in
destitute circumstances, and the deer
was killed to supply their depleted
larder, - Under the circumstances the
case was dropped."
GREAT DOCUMENTS
never afterwards permanently dis
solved, i In i th reign- of John's son,
Henry- III, l31mon d Mdntfort in 1265
framed the constitution of. an assem
bly which vrould have been historical
ly known ai a "parliament" it it had
been summoned by a-king. and. as a
matter of historic fact, when .Edward
I did call a parliament in 1235 it was
made up or the precedent set by the
assembly of Da Montfort,
''':''if-iJ -v'l , v'--'f 'v-'.
The most famous provisions of
Magna Charta ars thosevnumbered S
and 40;
"No freeman shall be arrested, or
detained in prison, or deprived of his
freehold, or outlawed, or banished, or
In any way molested; and we will not
set forth against him, nor send against
him, unless by th lawful judgment of
his peers.
"To no one will we sell, to no on
will w refuse or delay right or Jus
tice." - . . , .
'A careful reading ef th' text - of
Magna Charta will show that, it has
In it the germ of th British jadica-.
tura, the administration, of justice,
the statute of treasons, the peti
tion Of right, and the habeas corpus
act; and, while nothing is said of th
legismtive function in ths stats, it is
uulte clear- that the assembly of. no
bles who forced th king's hand in th
matter of his subjects' rights was it
self the great precedent of alt modern
monarchist parliaments, as well as all
modern republics. That this splendid
political evolution should hav gone on
in. Britain alone of all th modern na
tions was due to the insularity of that
kingdom; bad. th British peopl been
a state of the continent of Europe it
would probably never have become a
model for the evolution of tbe doian
llmlUd monarchies of Europe, to say
nothing of the : four republics. 6 wits.
I erland, France, Portugal ; and the
United Statesi oi America. This is
what th world owes to a profligat
and tyrannical - king and to a great
ecclesiastical statesman.
From the New Tor k Tribune.
I German propagandist journals are
already printing tabulations of th
loss of Democratic votes incident to
Mr. Wilson's performance of his duty.
This is an Impudent and intolerable
assertion of the doctrine that the presl
aent or tn united states must think
of the - vote of those frankly de
voted to alien Interests when nation
al honor and national - interests ars
at - stake, . '
In this situation there is Just on
thing for Republicans to do. Their
support of a . president defending
American lives and rights roust be
complete and unfaltering. American
Republicans must replac "German
Democrats in the national alignment.
Th president must know and feel that
at th water's edge - ail Questions of
partisan politics end.
It would be better for the Republi
can party to Indorse Woodrow Wilson
in 1916 than to permit the principle
to be established that to defend Amer
ican interests Is to commit political
suicide.
Let no American, let no Republi
can, be deceived by the far-reaching
and industrious manipulation now In i
progress. I
ago to throw away our bludgeons, did
we not inaugurate a peace policy, prac
tical and. safe, without reference- to
the military? How strange I
- There, then, as in many other In
stances, 'is "peac with honor," Why
do not. our militarists sound a note
of warning for national defense here?
Many were interested in the celebra
tion of a hundred .years of peace on
the 'national boundary near Blaine,
Wash., th other day. Present were
some 2009 or 3080 with 6am Hill as
master of ceremonies. Wer those all
mollycoddles? . May their tribe Increase
a thousandfold. ? iy ----
If .instead of 10,0dtf signers of the
Brooklyn pledge, 10,000,009 i should
meet tbe next congress with a demand
for a change of program and refuse to
appropriate and wast any mora means
for military! purposes, such a change
would be hailed by the masses of our
people, and- by the people of - Europe,
as the dawn of a new day. As matter
now stand, famine, pestilence or any
Other calamity is not to b so feared
as the' curs of a modern war, - -
JQHN F. HANSON.
The, Milk Question.
Portland.. July 23. To th Editor of
Th Journal In a recent laaue, "Con
sumer" calls attention to th price of
milk, and if his statement is correct,
that good milk can be delivered at t to
0 - cents pen auart. something should
b don . to aid such a cooperativs
movement as he suggests; and I think
your paper could - render th ' publlo
great service by a thorough investiga
tion of this matter. v
ANOTHER CONSUMER,
. Bid TJp, Gentlemen.
' ; From th Chicago News.
In time to come maybe the regular
stage will beg the movie actors to. do
s few turns for It. -
i aS.. i , ..i .m
ANAPPEALTO AM ER1CANS
fT t
U JLaJSLX HATV
By rraS Lsaldar. Spaoiai Staf WriU t'
- Tka feanaL
Tea, I guess I am on of th oi- t
Masons In Oregon, said J. W, Vauii i
when X visited him recently at
home in Cottage Grove. 'I have btwi
a Mason for th past 6 peara I wy
raised tp l$4. I hav been a Jus
tic of th peac for $ years beij
in Cottage Orove. No, I am rot
Justice of the peace now. you sea I
am 93 years old and sonw people think
I am too old to serve, I guess It la
because X am juat a trifle hard of
haaring. No, I ain't what you woull '
really call deaf, but lots of povla
don't talk very plain, and I don't hsr
as good as X uaad to. -
"I was born In Jefferson county,
N. Y, on November s, lS2. My full
nam is John William Vaughn, but
my folks and boyhood friends general
ly called m Willie. In IS4, when I
was 22 years old, I left New York
and drove a horse team to Iowa. It
was about J600 miles and it took over ,
two months to make th trip, ior tha
next law years I drove ell throusii
the border country, " selling booka,
pictures, clocks, and musical instru
ments. Bibles and fiddles wrs my
standbys. Those that didn't want u.
family bible for the center table la
the best room, v generally wanted a
iiaoi to pass ths- time away with.
I paid S 4 each for the family bibles
and sold them for IS. I paid from
11.50 to IS for- the fiddles, and sold
them for from 5 to 115. I could
auot 'era a vers from th bible or
play , 'Money Musk' or 'Turkey In - the
fctraw, whichever was most like to
mak a. sals, a sold a fiddle .ones for
6 and th man I sold it to got 7u
for it, but it was th only one in th
Whol dosen I sold on that trip that
wa worth a picayune, jou could gat
musio out of that fiddle, nois was'
all the others mad. I stopped over
night at farm bouses, Th people
wer glad to "se me. I eould tell
them about what was going on in th
nxt township and, ilk as not, I baA
met frUnds or relation of their la
my Journey. .
v "Along In 1J52 it seemed as if everybody-wa
moving to Oregon, so I
concluded I bad better follow my cus
tomers acroas th plains.
- "What's that? How many children
old I have? No, X didn't hav any.
That's right; I was 80 years old, but
I didn't hav' any children. Tou a
X wasn't married yet,
"In 1949 X moved to Clark county,
Missouri, and traveling around all tb
tim I hadn't taken ths notion to settle
down yet. In the winter of 1152 I
kept company with Orllns Daniels.
We were married in th spring of '63,
just befor we sUrUd for Oregon,
8. H. Baylor wa th captain. of our
train. ,W only saw on buffalo on
tb plains, and th minute he saw ua
h'tartad for th Oulf of exlco or
some other plac in a big hurry, so
we never tasted buffalo meat. An
telope steak and Jack rabbit was our
standbys. We took the cutoff at
the head of the Malheur river and al
most starved to death. .We ran out
of jack rabbits snd pretty much every
thingr else in the ... eating line. We
struck the Willamette river near
its headwaters and followed it down
into the Willamette Valley.
- "We settled in a little town called
CloverdsJe. When Cressweil started
up everybody in Cloverdal moved to
Cressweil, and that finished ths town
Of Cloverdals. I worked in a griat
mill. Many Is th pack train I helped
to load for the southern Oregon mine.
My wlf died In 1861. W had four
Children, I, stay d single four ye,arn.
I married my present wife, glnla Alex
ander Vaughn just 50 years ago. I
bad four children by my first wUfs and
eight by my present wife. - Four of
my children are dead and I have four
boys and four girls still living.
"In 1862 I became justice of the
peace and during the to years I was
justice I hav bound over many a
man to th grand jury that was sent
to tha pen and I have married prob
ably 500 couples.
"It it had been left to me many a
time I would hav sent a couple horns
to think it over in plac of marrylnat
them, but if I- didn't marry them some
one else would, so I generally mm.i
nothing and pocketed my fee. Gen
erally -the girls were from . 18 to
years old. If they had waited for tha-
rignt man many or them would have
done better, but they won't wait nor
they won't study each other's dlarosi
tions, and so they corns to grief. Man
a girl married a young fallow becaua
be has a cute mustache, finds she ha t
to take in washing to make the living.
Character lasts, longer snd wears
better than tanned shoes and a
striped shirt. A Plymouth Rock' hen
isn't as showy as a bird of paradlte,
but most young folks choose th bird
of paradise. Fifty years sgo pret:y
much all th couples I married rode up
to my houss on horseback. While 1
was a justice of th peac ther wai
non of this 'Stand up. Join handn.
Hitched., ta.SO please' business with
me. I made up a regular ceremony
and learned it by heart, so I would -marry
a couple wherever they hap
pened to run across me. I have said it
around 600 times, so I remember It
yet. It goes Ilk this; 'Join hand.
Do you take this woman whose hand
you bold to b your-lawful weddl
Wlf? Will, you cherish and support
her in every circumstance of life? To
the girl-1 said; 'Do you take this mm
to be your lawful wedded husband sn-t
will you lov and cherish him H
your life? Then I said to both of
them r 'By the authority vested in m
by the laws Of the state of Oregon
I hereby pronounce you husband ami
wife.
"I never put any 'obey' ' in my cere
mony, - In a team neither horse is
boa. ' They must both do their share.
The team that is rearing and plunging
and kicking isn't doing much pulling.
J. have all my lire believed that (')
woman is an equal partner and tV it
there can ba no double standard rif
morals. If the woman must take
man and love htm and be true to-hi n
then the man must love and be true t
on woman.
"I have seen a heap of fjnhapplnes
because the man thought what w
wrong for the woman to do was ell
right for "him to do. When a man
swsars to cherish snd protect a
woman and be true to her he Isn't a
real man if pe figures he can lrrk.
his vow and not allow his 'wife tim
same privileg. Take away a man s
faith in his wif end th home i$
busted up, - Tak away a -.woman's
faith in her husband and love m tcon
sod what was a home l a living hii.
you marry people for nearly htfif
century lik I bav snd you can't help
doing a lot of thinking on why mot
marriages ar not as happy as V .'
should be."
The Unpardonable Sin,
From the Portland Chamber of C:
merce ?fews, .
To live in a town.
To make a living off of It.
To educate-your children In it.
To set everything you possibiy rr
out of it and put absolutely nci'
into it.
Patronising th merchant anl r
ufacturer who help to make your 1
possible
ts a good way to c-rrt .
, glveness.