1:5 VOTING fs s ,', By Marshall TWO MEN '.on their way; to work yesterday morning entertained a vhole stieet car full f people with an argument on the merits of the $1,250,000 bond Issue for hard surfacing county roads - . I which will be voted April 14. j "Vote down the bonds. That's my advice," said one of them combatively.. "This proposition to, hard surface county roads is noth ing in the world but a stheme 9t an inside ring to load a bigger burden of debt on us small home owners. . They- urge the bonds, but :;we pay the bulk of the taxes." . ' "Will you listen to some facts?" Inquired the other. "Of this county's total assessed valuation, $355,000,000, six per cent of the tax payers pay on an. assessment of $253, 141, 942. That leaves about $100,000,000 for the other 94 per cent, which includes 'us small heme owners, for 53 per cent of the 20,000 taxpayers in the county , piy on an assessment of less than $1000. Here's another thing; You often hear it said that public utility corporations, especially railroads, don't favor good roads for fear of the competition. If "the county read bonds are voted the public utilities will contribute, proportionately, . the largest amount toward the cost. They ay taxes on an aggregate as sessment of $38,722,910 in Multnomah county. 1 The first man had no answer for figures so convincing, so he tried - another tack. ...... ) "We'll be groaning under assessments," he warned. I " 'Groaning?' Yes, if straws break your back," retorted his com panion. "The bonds run 15 years and are retired serially. The most v you'll have to pay any year for the first five years will be 18 cents on each $1000 of assessment. The moBt you'll have to pay any year of the 15 the bonds run, will be less than 53 cents, and the total for the entire 15 years on a $1000 assessment will be less than $5.50. Can't you afford that much for the sake of hard surfacing 70 miles of roads?" i "When you put it in that way, the cost doesn't seem so much, but Why hard surface the roads at all. Isn't old reliable macadam good enough?" . I "Have you been out in the country recently? Have you taken a look at the roads for yourself? If you had, you would see that the trunk roads are not standing up at all under present traffic demands. SAnd-here is a fact that should' appeal to your business judgment: Every miin ftf macadam road in Multnomah county costs. $1000 maintenance - a year;. $f70,000'a year is the present propose to hardsurf ace. In addition they epend Jis.uoo a- year juui iu lng theso roads,- no the surface will - Stay on and not blow away and cover tip the little homes of people that live ' along them. There's $88,000 a year maintenance. The maintenance of hard surface roads Is guaranteed for 10 ' years by the contractors. The Interest on the bonds will be $62,600 a year, '. tintll we begin to retire them serially, which will be at the end of the first five years. In other words, by hard surfacing we nave in maintenance enough to pay the interest on the bonds and leave a nest egg of $15300 a year." I ."But doesn't it seem to you a great mistake. In the present condition of business, to propose spending so large on amount as a million and a quarter dollars on roads?" "Your question shows me that in stead of looking up the facta, you've been, listening to the rot that the best thing to '--do when .business is slow Is '' r.ot to spend money but to discharge . 'employes and thereby make times harder. Now, you listen to me a little imore. In the first place, those i roads have got to be hard surfaced. -Must B Done 'Soon. " ?Tlie ? county commissioners say their - duty to. the public will make them do it within the next five years. If the bonds aren't voted, they'll levy enough In the general assessment, and instead of having 15 years to pay a little at a .time you'll pay in gooa nara c&sn m five years. Moreover, wher by selling bonds you can get money enough at once to do the hard surfacing in a year, by tax levy you get enough money only to Ao one-flftb. of the hard surfacing " each year. By levy rather than bonds you Increase the immediate cost and delay the improvement. But there is a bigger point than this- in favor of 'spending the money: Eighty cents of every dollar spent for permanent roads goes into the pockets of the men who do the work: One million dollars of the million and' a' quarter; wlll be paid to workingmen. - What will they do with Itr ,r They ?wiH pay it to the butcher, the i baker, the . grocer, the places of business and amusement. Government -statistics show that the payroll dollar turns over five: times. A million dol lars paid toworking men have a cir- culating power of. $5,000,000. I venture to say It will have double that value . to Multnomah county just now. The only actual value of money is in cir culation.; It buys no bread, meat and potatoes when hoarded up." Eastern IKoney Is Spent. ; " "But doesn't a, million and a quarter for roads simply mean , the diversion of that amount frem the regular clian nels of business, and . the pockets of - the taxpayers' 1 i "Not for minute. The bonds will be sold to eastern, investors, who re gard Multnomah county bonds as of the highest rank. It means to us at the present additional capital of $1, 250.000 if rotn - the east with which to ' forward! local business. And since we " mav tn i maintenance more -than the interest It simply means we get hard-J surfaced, spienaia roaos now, wnn. pay ment deferred until money is easier, and paid then In easy installments un der the serial plan." 'i Columbia Highway Gets Only Part. can't deny those are pretty good points, but they tell me the -bulk of this bond iBsae, rw yoie m wu FOR HIGHWAY BONDS IS VOTING JOBS FOR -1 7 -tii.- 4ri- '-OS-- 'r 1, '"ftM N.' Dana maintenance ost of the roads they spent on the Columbia river highway so tourists andJey riders can see the scenery. What do yoi know about that?" "I know this, that instead of getting at the facts, you-ve been "listening to the noisy ignorance of gossip. I have the figures. The Columbia river high way will get 5354,016 of the-$l,250,u00. The Sandy road from Portland to its connection . with the Columbia river highway will get $335,916. The two roads together penetrate 30,000 acres of the finest farm land in Multnomah county, besides constituting the most wonderful scenic highway in the world. Because of our -toads we can't get tourists or ourselves to our scenery now. Aside from reaching more ag ricultural land than any ,other road in the country, it will bring us. in tourist money every year more than the whole million and a quarter bond issue. Mow Money Will Be Spent. "Here are the amounts the other six roads will get: Base Line. $152, 166; Powell A' alley road, $128,935; Foster road, $.76,303; Canyon road. $39,350; Capitol highway, $95,814; St. Helens road, $67,400. These roads together penetrate or gi -c access to 307,680 acres of agricultural "land in Multno mah, Washington and Clackamas coun ty. T3y their use farmers can get close to market. They can ship by auto truck at a small cost Instead of hav ing a day's time of teams, and them selves whenever they want, to sell something to Portlaild. They can be farmers all the time Instead of farmers part time and teamsters part time." The man who opposed the bonds had nothing to say for a moment. He looked a little discomfited, and several people on the car were smiling broad ly. Finally, he blurted: "Show me the benefits from hard surfacing the roads, and I'll vote for the bonds and try to induce my wife to do so." Producers Benefited. "All right, that's easy. I told you of the million dollars for labor, but I didn't mention the benefit to JUult rioniah county quarries that get the orders for rock. I showed you how this money goes circulating among all kinds of business, buying supplies and pay ing bills. You know it's axiomatic that hard surface reduces to a mini mum haulfng costs as well as mainte nance. I told you about the tourist money, which to ua is all velvet. And a bigger benefit "than all these is, per ntanent roads upbuild . the country. King county of which Seattle is the seat has now 105 miles of hard surface roads. Before they built these roads tl.J" had $75-an-acre land, mortgages and discouragement. Now they send $2,000,000 a year in dairy products to market, $1.2o0,000 worth, of rasp berries, and I don't know how many millions in eggs, chickens, potatoes, vegetables, livestock and other prod ucts. Auto trucks in a regular serv ice at a small carrying charge trans port their farm products to market. They keep on raising other things to sell . for- money. - They don't lose all their profits in the mud. We ought to do better if we convert our, streaks of mud into hai'd-surface highways, for we have more and better farming lands." .. . .. There was no opposition in the mind of the negative debater now. '"Man," he said, admiringliv" "Where did voU get all that dope? ; If anybody knew those facts, they'd horsewhip a ' man who voted against the bonds." i ' I THE OREGON IIIIWIW."JWMil i7 V5 4 X " " -ted? 4, is 44 S. mm 5n Top, Left to Right How the construction goes along face of cliff near Multnomah county-Hood " River line. .The swinging bridge over Eagle creek, which is to be replaced by a 24-foot-wIde span of native, hewn stone; swirling water of Eagle Creek beneath the bridge. Bottom Climbing by rope ladder over the basaltic columns that must be cut away to permit the Columbia River Highway to circle the south pier of the Bridge of the Gods. THIRD REGIMENT O. N. G. MAINTAINS HIGH (i to (i- () s ) w ZZ-M . III ' 1 SZ I , x, J 'CrmmmmmmmkU 'Lw.il III. J I I f im.... A? SllfTi j, I M.,iln. r sf?" i fp- 1 'j n j ;i; 1 v- -Q I " 1 I J , Staff Officers and Company Commanders Third Infantry regiment, I Oregon National Guard : (1), Colonel Clenarl McLaughlin, reg- imental commander; (2), Lieutenant Colonel John L May; (3), Major Lauren A. Bowman; (4), Major Charles T. Smith;) (5,), Major Carl Abrams, Salem; ( C ) , Major Marius B. Marcellus, medical . corps ; (7), Captain Wilbur S. Gilbert, chaplain, Astoria; (8), Captain Henry Hockenyos, quartermaster; (9), Captain Carl Rlttespacher, commissary; ( 10), Captain Clarence R. Hotchklss. adjutant; (11), Captain George H. Shnmacher, inspector small anas practice; (12), Captain Eugene Moshberger. Company I, Woodburn; (13), Captain VTiUlard P. Dangherty, Company B;.(14), Captain Frank Sever, Company D; '(16. Captain Daniel E. BoTrman, Company C; (16), Captain Conrad Stafrin, Company L, Dallas; (17), Captain Leo J. A. Peronl, Company II; (18), Captain Lowell E. Blanchard, Jompany G, Oregon City; (19), Captain Max E. Gelhar,, Company M, Salem; (20), Captain, Eugene C. Libby, Company P; ( 21), Captain Francis L. ' The Third infantry. Oregon National Guard, which .is . the f largest' single organization ' of, citizen-soldiery in the state, was 'organised 'November 22, 1 89, ' immediately ; after the Spanish war , and ; while the Philippine insur rection 'was 'still In progress. It was largely'' formed of veterkns of the reg ular and - volunteer troops land mem bers of the, Id ; firstj infantry .... regi ment,' the organization of which -nte dated the .. Spanish American war by many years., More than 25 "per - cent of the -present officers are veterans SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, i kit 'v C-S3 AS Captain James H. Porter, Company Michelbook. Company A, McMinnvllle; ( 2 4 of the, United-States regular or volun teer Service.' While the regiment as such has never , been in active service, it always has been , maintained at a state of high-, efficiency. ' ; In U10 its services. In quelling dis astrous 'forest fires f were especially valuable. -.. .. ;. j. Many., officers of the. regular army, marine corps, the Philippine ; scouts and different - state militia : organiza tion have begun their military train ing in the Third Oregon Infantry. The officers of the third regiment are- de res 4 CvS li Jl :?i:;'S::5:;-. JS; (22), Captain Charles A. Murphy, Company K. ' Corvallls; (23), ) , I Lieutenant John P. McCormack, voted to their work, and the spirit of the rank and file Is excellent. In the performance of their ; manifold duties they - practically . receive no - pay, ' and the requirements of efficiency make it! necessary -that the commissioned of ficers devote to it from three nights a week up, according to circumstances. The non-commissioned officers are capable of taking command of a com pany or corps at any tlrnej and many of the, privates are fully up to their officers in military, abilities and ' tech nical knowledge, ' - , APRIL 4, 1915. '4 EFFICIENCY armorer. The third regiment has 12 companies in its formation, located In the follow ing places: Company A, McMinnvllle; companies B, C. D, E, V. and .'Port land ; company O, Oregon City; com pany I, Woodburn;- company IK, Cor vallls; company L, Dallas; company M, Salem. - h; ' The total tnumbr of . enlisted men and officers of the Third Infantry, N. in 114 was 846, and It is probably over 900 now, and comprises about half of all the different forms of Oregon ' national guard organiza tions. , .... WAGE EARNERS 4 . , nr , rzyp-r- v -z ... XV THAT PORTLAND WILL RECEIVE BIG BENEFIT - i - - - --. Value of Highways-Demon strated From Days When Romans Held Their Sway, It Tr. Ci. IT. TtnnirlM f "" Chairman Orod ' Roads Committee, Multnomah Commercial Club. One has only to 'look at Italy to see the value - of " permanent roads great stretches of this country today would be practically uninhabited, were It not for the wisdom of the early' Romans who built roads and . built them for future generations. . ; - i Were the principal roads constructed in those days as we have been con structing our roads In the-past, with, high maintenance and up keep, the pop ulation would have dwindled away, and Instead of vineyard clad hills, a vista of burned out, uninhabited waste land Would be seen. These people had to get their products to the cities, ami the cities and villages had to have their. water hauled to them. Permanent roads were the only means of accom plishing tbli and the roads that Cae sar built are still being used. ! Some criticism is being made of the statement that macadam roads cost $1000 a year to maintain this figure may not be true for the first year but soon the ruts come, they are not air tended to promptly,, .gradually they lengthen and deepen, soon the 'road needs fixing In spots, then In lengths of a quarter or half-mile to a mile finally, the stretches between the fixed places, go "bad, and by the tlmei they are repaired the previous patch wprk is in bad condition..., ; The district howls fop the road to ie fixed, the road master and commission era discover that they have 'used ail the money pro rata for this road, and stop; they may , stop the work iu any phase f repair or damage. Then the constant travel ruins absolutely the damaged portion and wears, out the re paired part over and ove,r this is re peated, until - finally the whole I road must be made' anew from start to ob jective p6lnt, , Tbls'is what makes the maintenance, so. high,, and the more travel over the roads, the oftener the process of repairing and remaking goes on.'"- - : Naturally this estimate is high for slightly remote countries, but where you nave countries that have : large cities within' their confines, the cost of maintenance goes up. Cities are the most helpless things in the world ab solutely not selfsupporting. and de pendent on me tarmer, outside Us lim its. "A city Is Just as great as its surrounding country." Take Portland back to the macadam street days, and you are back to the days of dirt country roads, impassible in the Winter. What would the main tenance! of Fifth street have amounted to In the last 10 years if It had been macadam? Fifth street' has been paved 10 years and Is good for five years more There is no argument against hard surface, except first cost, yet if the bond Issue for the full amount fs not . carried the commissioners are going to hard surface 15 miles yearly 1 or . five years, each 16 mile unit to be paid for yearly. The city, in her helpless Invalid way, will reap the benefits; transfusion -of new blood through, the permanent ell yearly arteries of commerce will put new life in her, - Certainly ' the city must pay her share : in taxation for the farmer to fill her helpless mow; she must provide good roads . for him to get his pro duce to her. .j Found Warsaw Depressed. ; Lodz. Russian Poland, April 3. A German merchant of this city, who has just returned from: a trip to Warsaw; says a general feeling of uncertainty and anxiety. concerning the future pre vails in the capital of Russian Poland. Provisions are very dear and for some days past there baa been virtually no tea. sugar, tobacco or flour to Joe had. People are depressed. - , i TV f - r & t. BULLETIN GIVES BEST TO F Agricultural Department Tells 'Advantages ofthe Serial Bond. v The United States department of agriculture has recently innued an In teresting bulietlri showing the ecu nomlc features of financing count;, highway improvements by bond inije. The bulletin points out the great ad vantage of the serial bond which I the form now being considered Iti Multnomah county. . Statistics are given to, demons! rte that road improvements are field for by the saving in the cost of trunior tatlon alone, " without' considering the increase In land values. I, Under the heading "Benefit to Non abutting Property Owners," the bul letin says:. "The fact that cities and towns ar frequently taxed for bond Issues to build highways outside their own lim its is sometimes made a point of de bate In bond elections. It is argued because a -large part of the county I, sati wealth is within the corporate limit" of such cities and towns highway bond money should also be used to construct their, streets. Object of Bond Issue. It is even urged that the expendi ture should be made proportionate to the assessed valuation wjthln the city. "If the proceeds of highway bono were distributed in this way thflr pur pose )n many cases would te defeated. The, primary object of the county high way bond issuo Is to build county mar ket roads and not to improve rlty streets, although a high perr entage of the aseessed - valuation ' may be city property. It Is now known .that th-. expenditure of city, taxes on country roads is a sound principle nnd that it Is one of the best-features of state aid for highways. "In Massachusetts the city of Bos ton pays polbly 40 p.er'cont of th total state highway fund, but not mile of state-aid highway has been built within Its limits. ' , "New York city also" pays about 60 per cent of the cost of the state high way bonds. Some state laws prohibit the expenditure of the proceeds of state highway bonds within the cor porate limits of cities and towns. Improve Market Conditions. The Improvement of market roads results In Improving msrket conditions which benefit the city. Most Htle are essentially dependent upon the sur round in a country for their prosperity and development. TWe development of suburban property for residence pur poses Is also dependent, upon highway conditions and it in becoming evident yearly; that whatever makes for an In crease in rural population must be en couraged. "Since the Introduction of -motor traffic country highways have been used to an increasing extent by city residents. In fact, the cost of main taining many country" highways ha been greatly Increased , by the pres ence of city-owned motor vehicles, T he general advance in facilities for doing country business f rpm town head quarters when roads are Improved is no Inconsiderable factor In the -commercial life of the community." Some ' Heavy Are These Ilrothero. Tlgerton, , Wis.. April 3,Thls vil lage boasts the largest family In tho United Btates. There, aren't so many of them, but there's a lot of each. At a recent gathering of the Hoff man brothers a dispute arose as to which ; was the biggest man In the family,' They got weighed, with ti following result: Hubert, 213; John, 233: Matt. 230; Louis, 229; Joseph, 2.10; Henry, 2S0; Harry, 247; J. II., 2J7; Ilarin. 34v Bounds like-the lineup of team of . bowlers with their bst scores. That's mor4j than a ton of brothers, at an average of 233 pounds per Hoff man ... METHOD INANCE -GOOD ROAD BUILDING