8
FROM
Interesting Region Included
in Thfe -Stretch of the
Great River,
By Marshall N. Dana. !-
HOW time changes transportation
methofls! ' A century ago, the
Columbia river explorers port
aged the rapids or rode them
with fear trembling. They
r lived' on 'horsp meat, or worse, on
nothing. Sometimes they nearly died
of thirst,- skirting the. precipices above
the liver, beholding" the cool water un-
derneath and suffering all the . pangs
' of Tantalus because it. meant- head
lon fall and deajh to try to get down.
If they left ..the river and went over
th Cascade mountains by means of
the pass .near what is now Govern
ment Camp, they frequently came to
places where wagons most either be
raised or lowered by ropes, and the
oxen to endure had to be more sure
footed than goats.
In 1812, a party left "the Astor expe
dition at.. Astoria and started up the
JwOlunbm gorge. A paragraph or two
;fronVfhe account of that trip, written
;ty ntes Cos and published in 1832,
houUl interest all who are taking tli
Imaginary trip down the Columbia
. river in advance of the .fleet -of river
. steamers that will carry the audience
. 'ior all the programs celebrating the
lomplction of the Celilo canal, from
Let.'Iaton, .Idaho, to Astoria and the
. i Pacific ocean, during the week of May
;J-k'. The book Is in the-collection of
L-"the Oregon Historical society. Rosa
' . "Cox tells about the fleas, , the- -mos-'
qui toes, the head .winds and other
pests they endured "in getting up to
the present site of Cascade Locks; then
' he continues: '
. "We commenced proceedings at 4
i'clock on the morning of the sixth
.(July. 112) and finished the portage
ibout two in the afternoon. During
. - ur progress the Indians occasionally
"aovered about the loaded men, and
: niade two or three trifling attempts
io rob them; but the excellent precau
v . Hone - we had adopted completely kept
. them in check, and deterred them from
attempting anything like a forcible
; robbery. At the upper end of the port
: ige and while we were reloading the
;anofS, a number of the natives,, sev
ral of whom were armed, assembled
ibout I us; they conducted -themselves
peaceably, but our numbers and war
'ike Arrangements enforced respect.
The jdress of the men does not
Siffer materially from that of the
lOwer Indians; bdt they are incontest-
ibly more filthy and ugly. Their teeth
. ire almost worn away." The greater
.; lumber have very sore eyes; several
save nly one; and we observed a few
sld men and women quite' blind. The
men are generally naked, and the
. women merely wear a leathern belt,
Mtli U .narroy piece of the same ma
;erial joined to the front, which very
mperf ectly answers the purposes In
tended. Some wear leathern robes
ver the breast and shoulders; but' oth
ers allow these part to remain naked.
- ke observed,, no one who appeared to
' tssume the authority of a chief. Each
Icemed quite Independent of the other,
nd" complete master In his own house
. tnd fftmily. Their unfeeling brutality
, :o tlif few old blind people 1 have
nentionod was really shocking: and I
"nay safely say a more unamiable race
. f democrats are not to be found in
,hat ciountrj' of republics."
Koss Cox was a more literal chr'on
cler than many others of eaNy days.
It was jvhile the party was proceed-
ng up river that heavy winds caused
Jiem
to give the name Cape Horn to
: .he point of land in thia vicinity,, nam-
ng it jfor the extremity of South Amer-
ta. because of the dlficulty they had
n. getting around it.
j At .Cbenowtth Creek.
, With new appreciation of whatsit
. neant a hundred years ago -to -be a
jraveler, we will resume our., safe voy
ge dpwn stream, 'with hazardous rap
ds . and falls circumvented by locks
nd canals, with only scenic wonders
.o admire and commercial possibilities.
l develop. We were just leaving1 The
Dalles and the Celilo celebration! last
eek. Now our guide, Frank J. Smith,
' tails attention to Chenowith creek,
tailed by the Indians, Kthno-a-creek,"
Tieaning vulture's nest. The flats at
aie Jmouth were oftce "famous for
amas; now rock lilies grow there ini
;rrnt prolusion.
On the Oregon . shore opposite the
nouth'of this stream, and under high
iheiving rocks is one of the places'
vhere Lewis and Clark camped more
lian j a century ago. In the Interval,
and has drifted until the place has
- lecoms dreary and desolate, and above,
tn the hillside the cactus flourishes.
Captain Smith is saying:
"Ait this point, evidences are atili
xt be seen that this was once a great
neeting point of the Indians. - You can
e the rudely painted pictures of wild
inimals and fish on the low rock
tlutfs.
"Many huge specimens - of stone
' jarving are found In the shifting
nds. Spears and arrow points, mor
ars, i pestles, stone' knives and idols
re to?; be found In greater numbers
tu Biat any other point on the river."
.Crates .Point, not far below, on the
.)regon bank, la the place where the
"xplormg party had to land because of
he "high winds. Here a niche In the
ctkyi walls, plainly to be seen from
asting steamers, offered the first
1 V : J ? s'"-''' '.,',;- ,-"sys. 4-;'cU ;, V "II iff i vA If , I :
y' '' I---''''''i - VyA r j , H III
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Tmmiji asiif j - I ; - r.-AM - ; rf
THE DALLES TO THE CASCADES OF
r - i - VV z-'- ' jy III
I I YZZM-:. ij , VKV TXJw W IN.'VJv'V v , -irj. r v..., XX in fill
r-'',1 ,"7-- mm.- j - f"x ' ' ""fy ' f j I
-vvb vv - r "4 . pfos III I v- Ns. If
lit'- v3"v:.'v rw & r-vuvwi -v 7
vStl. vi'c :rAJ& h -:-t - - - i:j
comers comfort and shelter. At thia
same place, ' the O. S. N. company in
later years found a harbor for steam
ers when the run of ice was danger
ously heavy.
Now look again over to the Oregon
side Of the river. First yon see. follow
ing the line of the pointing finger, the
great chute called the Devil's Slide.
His sulphurous majesty surely bad
hours of frolic suited entirely to his
tastes if this was his playground, . It
extends from the top of the mountains
to the river, and for a portion of the
way is tined on both sides with slabs
of basalt. ' i
Look a little way below, still on the
Washington side. The massive rock
bulk you see is called Grant's Castle.
It reproduces in form the feudal cas
tles of bygone ages. Its foundation is
a shelf of the mountain 300 feet above
the river. The roof of its watch tower,
surmounting six distinct stories, is 800
feet above the river. Its color is steel
gray, exaqtly the color in vogue today
for battleships, fortifications and uni
forms. It has windows, portholes and
terraces almost as regularly planned
WHY YOU ARE
(Dr. Woods Hutchinson, president
elect of the American Academy of
Medicine, and theauthor of this ar
ticle, is a former Portland physician
whose popular writings on medical
topics have brought him wide renown.)
By Dr. Woods Hutchinson.
THERE is one consolation about
being thin it's always fashion
able. No matter what chameleon
changes in the styles may be or
ered 'by the stern ukase of
fashion for spring, or fall, or winter,
a bitter and despairing wall goes up at
once, not merely from the rotund and
corpulent, but from the svelte and the
plump: "Why, they're perfect horrors
for stout people!" "I'd look like a
fright in those skirts or that tunic!"
It makes no difference whether it be
the pitiless and revealing scantiness of
the sheath skirt, or the flounces and
furbelows of the new crinolines, the
plump and comfortable are "it" every
time. In -the language of the day, the
styles "catch 'em, going and coming."
Thinness, like almost everything, is
a question of degree. The first ques
tion to be settled is that of definition.
In the language of the day, "Whadda
you mean, too thin?"
"When Worry is Unnecessary.
The best view to takgst any situa
tion is the pragmatiffSne: "How does
it work?"
The only kind of thinness that need
cause any concern is the kind that is
accompanied 2y restlessness, nervous
ness and a general sense of discomfort
and sdlsatisfaction with yourself and
your, surroundings. ,
If you are distinctly and undesirably
underweight, the thing you should first
worry about ia usually not so much your
food although this is Important as
certain chronic bad conditions, mild
diseases sometimes, or . bad habits of
working, playing or sleeping, which
are causing your lack of appetite or
your failure to assimilate the food that
you do eat. ;
Cure for Zraa People, -
This, statement applies, of course,
only to adults who are in receipt of a
decent wage or Income and who are
not experimenting upon themselves
with some patent health ryatem of
diet.
The only cure for. lean-and-hungry
ones is to forget absurd superstitions
THE OREGON
as If by man, rather thaa
Architect. "
We pass Lyle, a flourishing town,
where a branch of the S. P & S. starts
the climb to Goldendale, an auto visit
point of the trip already mentioned.
Here also is the mouth. of the Klicki
tat where the Indians found medicinal
waters that they claimed increased
their stature. . r
High on a basaltic cliff below Lyle
is a woman's figure, the natural stone
statue of Sacajawea. t
"See," invites Captain Smith. "The
form of the woman with her baby
flung on her back ' in the position of
crly Indian mothers, is perfect. The
image was hewn by the forces of na
ture, and seemingly with jgreat" care,
for, from the deck1 of the steamer we
see the flowing tresses, theshort dress,
the blanket and the 'profile ' of mother
and child silhouetted against the sky.
"In the evening the setting su,n casts
its rays on this point' bringing out In
bold relief the figure of Sacajawea and
her child as $they ;fac the west? the
goal of 100 years ago. Of the many
rocks in the Columbia gorge, resemb
ling man, bird and beast, no other is
TOO THIN AND WHAT TO
and legends, to throw aside the obses
sions of medieval ignorance - and be
guided by their own, rational prefer
ences and good sense, checked by their
personal .experiences of what agrees
with them jtnd what does not. '
Those who show a. marked condition
of thinness and underweight really
have in a very large percentage of
cases some defect of health, or condi
tion, or habits outside of dietetic ones,
which destroy their appetite or powers
of assimilation. To clear the- ground
of possible misconceptions. It should
first be briefly stated that the normal
percentage of fat In the organism
varies considerably with different in
dividuals, as it does in different ani
mals. ;
Tht Tat We Carry.
We humans, for. instance, carry
about one-fifth (18 per cent) of our
weight In fat, while the cat and the
dog carry only 3 per cent and 6 per
cent respectively. In adult life we
are 17 per cent or 18 per-cent fat, in
childhood from 22 per cent to 25 per
cent . ' '
Some hnman "plants" appear to
have the capacity of doing business
and remaining solvent on comparative
ly narrow margins of reserve. , Others
require considerable 'amounts of fat
balance in order to make s themselves
safe, 80 per cent of us being better off
with a trifle too much' rather than too
little. . j ;.
So that, one of the first things to.be
considered in case of -leanness or
underweightVis the general tendency in
this regard, of theX other- members of
our family and: neat relatives, particu
larly in earlier generations. ' Some fam
ilies tend to be portly and dignified;
others, lean and wiry; and yet both
live to a good, aid age and maintain ex
cellent working efficiency. ? ; 't
May Be Family Trait.
If our spareness be a family trait.
even though it may distress our- es-J
tv...i. n.ti:.i " t. . jt
us any very serious uneasiness as to
its possible health implications.
' So, clear the ground" by a considera
tion of your family tendencies in the
matter of gauntness or portliness be
fore you begin to worry , seriously
about your underweight. Instances of
this sort of distinct underweight, say
IS or 2a pounds in an average adult,
are most likely to be due to a variety
SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND . SUNDAY MORNING,
the Great 111 I 1 1 ,C5f 1 .11 vM IV U .AW I
Points of scenic and historical
cades' of the Columbia; A close view of the Trevitt monument on Memaloose Island. i
Bottom, left to right --Giant's Castle; Wind Mountain and section of-submerged forest (photographs by Weister); Victor Trevltt,!
Island (photograph by courtesy of the Oregon Historical Society). ...-?
so near perfection as this."
Uemaloope Castle Worn by Weather.
Memaloose castle, a counterpart of
Grant's castle, Is, another of the inter-
esting rock formations, but showing'
more the wear of time and weather.
The top Fas cr-imbled and the frag
ments have fallen jipon the ' terraces
below, so that it has a dome shape.
These castles are blurred with the face
of the gorge in coming up stream but
are so distinct as to command- atten
of causes which have little direct con
nection with diet.
One of the commonest of these, and
among the most frequently overlooked,
is bad teeth. These operate in several
ways. First of all, by making it diffi
cult to chew the firmer and more re
sisting kinds of food.
The results that 'gradually and un
consciously these foods are avoided by
the sufferer, or else If eaten, they are
bolted almost whole, given just a hasty
"lick and promise," as the Yorkshire
saying goes, with the jaws, and then
gulped down; in either, case his nutri
tion suffers.
Bad Teeth Cause Disease.
Another way in which bad teeth pro
duce malnutrition and thinness is that
,the same groups of bacteria which pro
mote caries ofthe teeth also attack
the gums and produce the familiar ul
cerations and the more recently famous
socket abscesses about Nthe tips of the
roots.
These conditions are astonishingly
"bad medicine" in several different
ways. Partly, by mixing witbS every
mouthful of food chewed or attempted
to be chewed, droplets of pus contain
ing thousands of and even millions of
germs, which, to say the least of it, do
no good to the stomach and alimentary
canal when they are swallowed
In fact, a large and increasing share
of cases of chronic indigestion and
dyspepsia are now directly traceable to
this form of self-poisoning. Infecting
our stomachs from our own gums.
Have Teeth Examined, r
Last, and by no means least, these
accumulations of pus, literally robbers'
-caves of bugs around the roots of tfee
teeth, soak Into the blood and give rise
to an astonishing . brood of rheuma
tisms, gouty joints, neuritises, neural
gia, headaches and anemias.
One of the first and most practical
steps to be taken to cure thinness is
to go and have a thorough jiexamina
tlon made of your teeth, including in
bad cases, an X-ray picture of the
jaws, to detect concealed pockets ef
pus, and have your dental mill put in
good condition, so that It will grind
your food, instead of poisoning it.
Another ' cause of poor appetite and
consequent thinness that is often over
looked is chronle inflammation of the
,nose and throat, . with or without pus
interest alongthe Columbia.
tion on the ride down the river. For
many years these crags,' the basaltic
pillars, the domed rocks, and the spire
like peaks have been adding to the
scenic fame of the Columbia gorge.
The fleet paucts. The vessels hold-
against th current. In- middle river
is a rocky island. Upon it is a monu
ment which the fleet salutes. It is
the grave of Victor Trevitt, noted pio
neer. About him are the bones of count
less Indians, in this the Columbia
DO ABOUT IT
formation, popularly known as "ca
tarrh." '
This works in two ways, partly by
the swallowing down into the stomach,
particularly during sleep, of the often
extremely offensive mucous and puru
lent discharges from the nose or from
the Cavities of the tonsil; and partly
by the formation of small pockets of
matter or pus, either In the hollows of
the bones of the skull which open into
the nose on both sides" and above, or in
the pouches in and around the tonsils.
"Soil Cleaning" Beneficial."
A thorough medical house cleaning
and antiseptic sanitation of the nose
and throat, literally putting a good
face on yourself, will often make a
marked improvement In your general
health, increase your appetite and com
fort, and add 10 to 15 pounds to yeul
body weight. . ,
The - next thing to be suspected in
cases of chronic "My leanness, O, my
leanness!" is what might seem at
first a very "far cry," clear out' of
hailing distance in fact, and that is eye
strain. This is particularly well worth
looking into when other causes appear
to be lacking, because, by an Odd para
dox, if is often the mildest cases of
eye defect that cause the, greatest
amount of nerve and nutrition disturb
ances.' The reason for it however, ;is fairly
obvious. 1. e., that the worst cases of
eye defect, severe short eight -or long
sight, or high grades of astigmatism,
as the case may be, cripples the eyes
for practical purposes so-'badly; inter
fere with vision .o unmistakably, that
their victim is compelled to go to an
eye doctor or an eye hospital and get
relief in the form of glasses.
Watch the Eyes.
The mlldef cases, which are so slight
that their possessors think that they
have fair average vision and can make
shift to do their work without the as
sistance of glasses are the very ones
which y thejr constant slight nagging
strain and tension, tear the nerves to
blts, as we say,, and produce, all sorts
of disturbances of appetite, sleep, com
fort and even temporary mental un
balance. ' They may not even give us pain in
the eyes or headache, and yet be rasp
ing our entire nervous system into a
state of chronic irritability and dis
comfort. - ;
Another potent cause of poor appe
APRIL 4. 1915.
THE COLUMBIA BY BOAT
Top, left to right Memaloose Island, on which Is seen" the monument
gorge's most famoa burying place of
the dead. Victor Trevltt asked to be
burled with the Indians oji Memaloose
island. He was somewhat of a skeptic.
He said he wasn't sure there would be
aj resurrection, but if there was. he
would consider his chances for heaven
best with the Indians, who called the
island, Mem-a-loose-il-a-hee, land of
the dead.
Captain Smith once slept two nights
on Memaloose island, sheltered from
DR. WOODS
tite ;and thinness, is lack of oxygen,
foul air and bad ventilation. Particu
larly is this the case with the first
meal of the day.
A lack of appetite for breakfast, that
willingness to compromise on , a cup
of coffee and a cracker, or a satreerf ul
of sloppy cereal, as a substitute for
a real meal, which is so common 'among
women and children, is very often due
to a night spent in the foul, stuffy,
infected air of a bedroom with all the
windows hermetically sealed, or with
a mere slit-like chink at the top of
one sash.
Oxygen Zata rat.
To get more oxygen, which is sup
posed to burn up fat. In order to make
yourself less thin, sounds like a con
tradiction. As a matter of fact, the
stimulus that you" get both from the
cool fresh air and from the burning up
of your poisonous body wastes by oxy
gen, gives you so much keener an ap
petite and so1 much better nutrition,
that you gain strength and weight,
even if you do burn up more fuel. . .
Another thing, which I mention last,
because fortunately It Is one of the
rarer causes of abnormal thinness, and
I do not wish to make the vast ma
jority of comparatively wholesome lean
and wiry people apprehensive without
cause, is that continued and progres
sive underwelghtednese. especially if
accompanied by easy fatigue and short
ness Of breath upon exertion, is one of
the symptoms of Incipient or mild tu
berculosis. But this consideration need
not worry anyone who is In vigorous,
active condition and feeling well up to
their work. . , i
Oet Plenty Sleep.
Incidentally. lack of a proper amount
of sleep Is another not infrequent con
tributing cause" of thinness and under-:
weight, particularly In the case of chil
dren. Who can often be made plupper
and healthier by being kept in bed
until 10 in the' morning and given their
breakfast 1n' bed. - i
As for the regulation of diet Itaelf.
this playS almost as unexpectedly a
small part in the cure of thinness as it
does in the reduction of fatness.
Most chronically and .unhealthily
thin people, it is true, do not eat
enough. But this is due to lack of
appetite, rather than of opportunity;
and the only effective way to relieve
them is to improve that appetite by
the storm by . the dead house. He tas
all alone. He had come on Saturday
to-remain over. Sunday searching for
curios. Before he slept he moved the
bones up toward the wall out f the
way. During the night the rain leaked
In, the bones slid down upon him, and
he awoke with a start, in the drear,
uncanny early morning hours under
the pressure of fleshJess limbs." But
let him tell the story:
"The first night I pitched my camp
HUTCHINSON
such means as have already been sug
gested. To stuff them against their
Inclination, even with the most nour
ishing and digestible of foods, is usual
ly worse than useless..
Varied Diet for Healthy rat.
It will usually either make them
bilious, or else load them up with a
few pounds of flabby fat, which is of
no particular benef it to them ana , i
sure to promptly melt away again as
soon as the forcing process is stopped.
Broadly spe&king, there are no foods
or classes of foods which are in and
of themselves specially fattening. And
if there were, the fat accumulated by
forcing one's self to eat them would
be no great addition to our health and
vigor.
A good mixed, varied diet, contain
ing .a proper proportion . of the
food elements required, meats, fats.
starches, sugar's, fruits and vegetables,
is the only one which will put on
healthy fat. that is to say, will bring
the underweight individual up to his
or her normal weight and vigor and
keep him there. .
Xf Ton Xdke It, Zat Xt.
When ltcomes to going beyond this
normal condition, then, starches and
fats, as already stated, do lend them
selves a little more readily to the for
mation and storage of surplus fat than
do meats, i And, of course, vegetables
and acid fruits supply little out of
which fat can be formed. But to bring
thin Individuals up to the normal
weight, a good variety of all kinds of
appetising food, particularly .- those
kinds" which appeal most strongly to
their natural tastes and appetites. Is
decidedly the best, without much re
gard to whether these foods are more
largely- meat or fat or starch and
sugar, f - "
What many thin people really. need
Is not so much more fat, as a general
Increase in the volume and vigor of all
their tissues, particularly their mus
cles, lungs ' and heart; and this
will not b brought about by any mere
stuffing process with cream and eggs.
Get plenty, but not too much, won,
under wholesome conditions, plenty of
sleep, plenty of play in the open ar,
and a good variety of wholesome food
to match the appetite thus created, and
you will usually . either come up to
normal weight or get into a condition
of comfortable vigor where you don't
care whether you are thin or sot.
I
to Victor Trevltt; At the Can
pioneer
' i
who is burled on Memaloose
-it-
cm the! rock, bleak land'he cold wind
that Was blowing became mixed with
sleet Bind rain, I had not expected, nor
was I prepared, for such weather. In
the darkness I spread my bed on the
lee stde Of a dilapidated dead house
In whlt-h were 20 skeletons. I was
soon asleep. About 11:30 I was awak
ened by the splashing of oars. To be
truthful I thought the crew of the
steamer had toM the Indians of my
presertce.and that they were coming to
get me. I didn't feel friendly toward
fighting-Indians, and with' more haste
than dignity I jumped from .my rudely
made bed, grabbed my gun, and pre
pared to take aim and order them to
halt. Just then I heard one of the
men say he bad found a place to fasten
his line. It proved to.be a woodscow
that the four men were trying to pull
off a eand bar. Chilled by the night
air, I returned to my couch among the
bones of the aborigines.
"I arose early. My night visitors
pt thej woodscow had disappeared. At
noon ai sudden snow storm covered the
Island with a mantle of white, robbing
it of its weird beauty and preventing
me -from photographing any of Its un
canny scenes.
"The second night I decided to pre
pare among the dead a more suitable
resting place for the living. I gathered
a number of the skulls and bones that
were strewn in confusion In the shelter
of the dead bouse and plied them to
one side so that I could get still fur-
ther away from the storm- Night came
on, black and cheerless. The only
sounds I could hear were the roaring
of the river, and the beating of my
own heart. I curled myself up and
was entreating Morpheus to give me
slumber, when I experienced a vivid
demonstration of the saying that the
bones of the dead shall rise again,',
"Without a second's warning the
entire heap of skulls and bones tum
bled down upon me. The shock-was
so great I was afraid ta breathe. I
really felt the presence of something
more than lifeless bones and gaping
skulls. - The crush of their tumbling
was like a new kind of dead march. I
Wished for morning.
"Tre swishing of a river boat would
have been sweet music to hie. Pres
ently I heard the distant yap of coyo
tes on the Washington hills, enduring
the six hours until the dawn. My!
how glad I was when -morning came
and with It the steamer. Dalle City "
In the Mte Salmon Neighborhood.
The surrounding of Memaloose Is
land are ghostly to say the least., It Is
cheerful to pass on to the every-day
world of towns and homes and living
people. One of the .-ommunitles we
now pass is Mosier, center of a rich
fruit producing country, On Eighteen
Mile Island a thrifty farmer has started
a chicken ranch. The town of White
Salmon just below Is marked by Its
hills, and distinguished in the Celilo
celebration plan through having alone
chartered the steamer Tahoma to Join
the fleet and to carry the members of
(Continued on Following Pagej.