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About The Oregon daily journal. (Portland, Or.) 1902-1972 | View Entire Issue (March 28, 1915)
ITALY THREATENED BY BREAD FAMINE l I CT A O CT D l A DCTIOM OADITAI O FRANCE HAS REPOPULATION PROBLEM BELGIUM WILL FURNISH NEW MARKETS InLLVVO I J I V l" Xj IX tL I VJJ I N Uni l I M l0 BISHOP OF LONDON RECRUITING MEN 1 vyvW! 4k V. Lis THREE CHILDREN FOR EACH FAMILY NEDEO TO POPULATE FRANCE Nation Faces s Serious Prob lem Due to Low, Birth Rate and Deaths in 'War, By Henry Wood. t - Paris, March 13 By Mail to New Tork). Th Academy o Moral and Political Science haa asked th French ' government to take op at onc Its most arious probleta that will result from the war that of th population of Europe. The academy points out that when the war ends a minimum of 2. 000,000 men at the very least will have been killed. The crisis which Europe will then face for Its repopulation will be without a parallel In the world's his tory, - The academy has already .pledged to the government Its most profound snd exhaustive study' of the situation. While It is the Intention of the mem bers eventually to take up the problem In its application to all the countries stricken by the war, they for the mo ment will confine their efforts to the problem as It is presented in France, : Franc races Serious problem. That France vlll be the country that will face the most serious phase of the situation Is already recognized. For year before the war France"s birth rate had decreased to a point where it was exceeded by the deaths. Now, with hundreds of thousands of her men most capable of ' reproducing their kind being killed, the situation la recognized to have been aggravated to a degree where only the most radi cal, unanimous and exhaustive meas ures on the part not only of the French government, but-of the entife French people,, are going to be neces sary to order, in Insure the continuity ot the French race. As ye the academy has suggested no measures to the government except the immediate revision of all legisla tion oh tha subject. The (academy, however, from the superficial glance it has .already given to the subject, declares that the minimum motto -which-France can adopt and hope to prevent the gradual obliteration from th face of the earth of the French people, is "three children for every family.' The condition entailed by the war renders this an imperative neces sity. Childrem Cost Too BCnoh. .The academy also has asked the gov. eminent to effect a complete change in, the Policy of its laws on this sub ject. Instead of enacting measures with the end in view of- forcing fami lies to have children, it is urged that 'the laws tend rather to make ' it pos sible for parents to have children by reducing for them th economic burden of bringing them up. As the laws . now stand, it is as serted that the larger a man's family is "the more taxes, duties and other contributions he is obliged to pay to the state. -The academy asks the re versal of this. - - It asks also the immediate revival of an old law which was suppressed in 1885. It provided that every family with seven children had the right to have at least one of these brought np at the expense of the state. The acad emy insists that even a larger applica. Uon of this law would be justifiable ;under the present conditions. . ' . Ehiployment for rather. The academy also asks that all em ployment - under .the government ' be given on a graded scale to the fathers of the largest families. Scholarships and other help from the state is urged on behalf of the children. In making these suggestions to the French government, the academy ad mits that these are merely the first fruits of the most superficial, glance over the situation. The situation, however, is so serious that it declares the government must begin at once seizing upon every possible straw that can help to save' it. : Later ' the academy - proposes ; to evolve measures on a much broader basis, that will be applicable not only Jo France, but to the other countries that will have been depopulated by the I h Hi M Sl r4f 4 Misery Widespread In Russian Empire Rosy Beports of Conditions In Czar's Country Are Declared to Be Far Trom the Truth. By Francis Lavelle Murray. Petrograd, March 27. Rosy reports of conditions n Russia are constantly finding their way abroad. One would almost believe on reading these stories by correspondents of English birth and pro-British prejudices, that Russia' is better off now than in peace time! This is a mistake. The war burdens are bitter hard on the lower classed in the empire. Misery is widespread. It is true that prohibition of the use of vodka has' done something to alleviate the situation. But the effects are not as great as has been heralded abroad. What would bo called "blind tigers" in the United States are spring ing up like mushrooms. Their special ty is "tchantchl," said to be an imita tion of a drink by the Chinese. It is much more potent than brandy or vodka. Everywhere one hears complaints about the rising prices of the neces? sarles of life, in aditidon the taxes are almost - beyond endurance and hit the peasants especially hard. The use of horse flesh for food is Increasing. The government has re duced the freight charges on horse flesh, recognizing that it is now the food of the very poor. In the Polish provinces conditions are infinitely worse than in the in terior. The most alarming reports come from the small towns, where dire poverty prevails. There is a lack of coal, due to the German occupation of the mines of Jagleble. This- has necessitated the closing down of fac tories and industrial establishments and has consequently impoverished hundreds of thousands of Polish work ing men. In Warsaw fuel is so high that" four-fifths of the inhabitants go without it. Candles have taken the place of kerosene - lamps. Of all classes the Jews are suffering most. They are Bubject to pogroms as in the past, in addition to their other troubles, ajid many have beep, put to death. - - New Anti-Toxin Is Used by the Fjench Consider Their Discovery of th Great est Talu and likely to Supplant th Ordinary Antiseptics. Paris, March 27. What is described as the greatest surgical discovery since Listers antiseptic is now at the service of the French wounded. It is an anti-toxin discovered by the well known bacteriologists. Professors La Chalncheand and Vallee, and it is like ly to supplant other antiseptics in preventing infection of wounds. Antiseptics, though killing tha dis ease., also weaken and benumb tissues, thus delaying cicatrization of the wound, whereas the new serum called "polyvalent," because It is effective against all malignant germs actually stimulates the tissue surrounding the wound and promotes rapid healing. The discoverers, who are in charge of the Alfort National Veterinary school, have 25 horses tinder treat ment from which to get 40,000 five-cublo-centlmeter doses monthly. Ex tensive experiments show - a decrease in pain and fever in a few hours after the injection accompanied by a rapid cessation of inflammation and Suppura tion. Where the injection is made be fore the infection develops th wounds heal without complication. A writer in the Petit; Journal declares: "It is incomparably the most precious dis covery of curative surgery." FRENCH MAYOR IN A DUEL Paris, March 27. A duel with swords, resulting from a dispute about official business, was fought by M. Chapron, prefect of the department of the Marne, and Maurice Pol Roger, mayor of Epernay, in the park of a country hose. . Chapron was wounded in the left arm and Roger in the right wrist after a long and furious en counter. The adversaries refused to be reconciled after their combat. Americans In Dresden Protest. -Dresden, March 27. The American club, of Dresden, has prepared ao ap teal against the shipment of arms and ammunition to the nations at war. It will be distributed throughout th United Stt i i THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL,: PORTLAND, SUNDAY MOKMING, ? i'' 4 Left to right The hunting palace of Czar Nicholas at Sklermlerl.ee, Poland, now used by the general corps as headquarters. A general view of the Golden Horn at Constantinople with the German the Turkish cruiser Hamidleh. The Breslau with the Goeben was chased into the Dardanelles last Says Cinderella Wore Fur Slippers XTpt Mad of Glass, Declares French "Woman lecturer who Spoils a Tra dition of Xiong Standing. London, March 27. Cinderella never wore glass slippers. The slipper that the prince fitted to her small foot and which her two ugly, mean and schem ing sisters tried in vain to get into was not glass. It was made of squir rel skin. This blow to a tradition dear to childhood was delivered by Cecil Hu gon, lecturer in French literature, to the Oxford Society for Women's Edu cation, in a paper oh the subject of fairy tales. When the Cinderella story was turned from French into English the translator mistook a word. Perrault, who wrote the tale dn French, described the slipper not as "soulied de verre." but as "soulied de vair." Verre and vair sound alike in French, but verre means glaaB, while vair means the fur of the squir rel. ' Mies Hugon suggests that the slip pers might have been of gray, with a dainty trimming of squirrel about the top. Otherwise, they might have been all fur top. But in no case did Cin derella receive a pair of glass slip pers from - her fairy godmother and drop one in the ballroom for the prince to find. 1 POLAND ESTABLISHED BEFORE WAR STARTED Russian Blames Carelessness of Officials for Permitting Vast Land Holdings. By Frederick Werner. Berlin. March 27. Visiting the other day ! one of the places where Russian officers are kept prisoners, I had the opportunity of a long conver sation wjth a high Russian officer. When I asked this , highly cultured Russian how he explained why the Ger mans had stayed for so many months in Polish territory he smiled and said that the carelessness of Russian offi cials In the past was the cause. "At the beginning of the war," he said, "Novo Vremya published a map showing Russian soil in th hands of German proprietors. It was like an immense black ribbon encircling all European Russia from the shore of the Baltic, along the Austian frontier and even along Turkey to th Cau casus. "If the Germans have stayed so long in Poland Instead of concentrating in the west and breaking through to Paris before the large British rein forcements arrive, it Is not ; merely from strategic reasons, but as much because they wanted to settle down permanently in a district which they have long considered a new East Prus sia. ' "Everywhere the Germans are mas ters and the Russians are their slaves, mere 'Russenknechts' and 'Rusaen maegde.' The people speak nothing but German; their habits and customs are German, and their sympathies ar with Berlin. "Before the war their German mili tary bodies openly paraded every where on German national 'holidays and loudly affirmed their loyalty to the kaiser, while our easy going Rus sian officials did not consider it worth while to Interfere. "Then the war came and it became too dangerousoglorify the 'Deutsche heimath." 5 OurTiussian papers talked of sweeping the frontier, clear of these obnoxious guests, of forcing" them to eell-the estates of which they had robbed the childlike -Russian peasants, and sending them back to the vater land forever. ? . ; "But everywhere the portraits of the kaiser had disappeared as If "by magic and the Russian colors were flying everywhere over th German settlements. In every village bills were posted forbidding the use of the German language and town criers went through the streets loudly proclaiming GERMAN INFLUENCE IN T ; 1 f J Jv....-awr-sp:; OF LONDON IS SENDING MEN TO THE Says Britons Are Fighting to Make Christianity World's Dominant Religion. By Philip ; Everett. London, March 27. Th war has wrought wonderful changes in the as pects of London daily life. Our suf fragettes have become as peaceful as cooing doves, and the bishop of Lon don is as. often as not seen in khaki making warlike speeches in his capac ity as chaplain to the London rifle brigade. The bishop sees in the present cata clysm not only a war for peace and freedom, but a step toward the estab lishment of a great brotherhood of all nations. "We are fighting." he says, "so that Christianity may continue to be the dominant religion of the world." There is no more eager recruiting sergeant in the country than this same bishop of London and the number of men he has sent to the colors during the last three months runs Into many hundreds. His favorite argument is that no young unmarried Englishman who is physically fit ought to neglect this chance of being ' present at the second and greater battle of Waterloo, which he feels sure will' be fought within the next six months and which will decide the fate of the world for the next century. While the., war office still main tains silence concerning plans for the use of Kitchener's army at the front, there are many signs that Important events are due to happen in the next few weeks. The chief surgeon at one of the many large military hospitals established near London told me the other day that he expected every bed in the institutions under his care to be filled within a week. When I expressed my surprise at this, because we have been told of no Important actions in which English troops have taken part, he smiled and said that the expected ' patients were not men who had just been wounded, but Englishmen and Belgians who un til now have been in French hospitals. "Every hospital near the front and throughout northern France." he said, "had been ordered to be cleared, and the men who are not well enough to return to the fighting line are to he cared for in England or- in south western France." When I asked him if this could mean anything but that a general attack on th German -lines was planned to take place in the middle of this month, he smilingly said that the war office had not taken him into its confidence, but that one might draw his own conclu sion. An exhibition of extraordinary in terest is about to be opened hereunder the auspices of Prince Alexins,, Kara georgeviteh of Serbia, who has arrived in London, bringing with him a won derful collection of relics and photo graphs from Serbian battlefields, which will show in a conclusive man ner the violence of the fights in Which th Serbian armies defeated the picked troops of Emperor, Francis Joseph. The prince, who came here to get aid for his suffering countrymen, who are In an even worse plight than the people of Belgium, was greatly inter ested in my suggestion that he should extend his tour to America and ap peal to the generosity of the American people. that in three days everybody must speak Russian. As, however, the wo men understood not a single word Russian and the men spoke it badly, these announcements were made in German. -- - .v, "The glorffiers of the vaterland had suddenly become Russian patriots un ttl the first German troops crossed the frontier.: Since then they have helped the" enemy in every way. Holland Stops Pork Exports. The Hague, March 27. The Nether lands government has issued a decree prohibiting the exportation of pork in any form. BISHOP COLORS BY HUNDREDS ITALY IS THREATENED BY BREAD FAMINE AS HANDICAP ON PEOPLE Shortage of Grain Is 600,000 Tons and Prices Are Still Going Up. By Alice Rohe. Rome, March 1 (By Mail to New York). Th specter of famine has been stalking through Italy these past days, overshadowing the sister spec ters of impending war and of earth quake terrors. From one end of the peninsula to the other the people are crying out in bitter protest against the rise in the price of bread. Bread riots strikes are the order of the day. To these hungry and fran tic people, driven half crazed by the recent horrors of the earthquake, which has added its great demand upon public charity, and by the continued rumors of fresh horrors of war, the assuring figures of economists bring small comfort. And today these same economists -are lowering, their voices of assurance. Last August, when war started upon the world, Rome suffered a small bread riot. People began to lay in supplies against coming disaster. But econo mists soon quelled the panic by assur ing the people that there was more than enough grain fn Italy to last until the harvest of 11B. Bread Frlea Going TJp. Today it is admitted there is a short age of 60d,000 tons. The people have to pay 40 per cent more for their bread and the agitations and protests are heard ominously throughout the land. The economists, rushing forward to quell the panic, say that there Is a shortage because last year's harvest was short everywhere, especially in Italy. This caused a rise in price, which was further .augmented by the expense of transport owing to war and because speculators are holding grain for further use, and because the gov ernment has conserved large stores for that ever-imminent army which may at any time be called into action And to the hungry people food for thought is handed in this fashions "A soldier eats twice as much bread as an ordinary man." But even with these bits of information, the peo ple continue to cry for cheaper bread. Plenty of Unhappy Visitors. s In Rome, , not only the poorest classes, but various strata of the la boring forces, are protesting. Quite naturally, the lack of foreign tourists and visitors depletes the exchequers of Rome. There are plenty of strangers in Rome, the shopkeepers and cabbies will tell you 20,000 of them -but they are the refugees from the earthquake sone and bring only new expenses - to Rome and Italy. In the meantime the price of bread keeps going onward and upward. TM people are so agitated in the increased cost of living that the altercations of the various parties concerning the war fail to interest them. To them, war only means an added horror to suf fering Italy. It is no longter succu lent food for conversation. The Re publicans, however, and a part of the Socialists are trying for Immediate war on Austria, and threaten' a revo lution unless Italy gets in the fray. . Socialists Threaten Revolution. Of course the main part of the So cialists are radically opposed to war; and on their side threaten revolution if war is forced upon them. The Na tionalists want was as a -matter of na tional responsibility and pride, but are willing to await the proper time to enter. Followers of Giolittl have caused much comment by an avowed beliief that war may be avoided and a nice reward as an appreciation of neutral ity lured from the belligerents. A very small party believes that Italy has no need of" entering the. war. While the government seems anx ious to avoid war until the hour of signing peace is in sight, it is making ever preparation to be ready for the conflict, however it may be forced upon it. And the people are in the meantime wondering how war will further affect the price of bread. MARCH 28, 1915 jar If agtjKi, 1 n Win.' if fiitiiVi-fiHi,,! staff of the ninth German army cruiser Breslau at the left and fall by the British fleet. 100,000 Soldiers in One Big Graveyard . Ground Between Warsaw and Slder niewic Saw Worst Tlgntlag' of th War, Says Xrondon Correspondent. London; March 27. There are 100, 000 soldiers buried in a triangle only a few miles in size, between Warsaw and Skiernlewice, according to a cor respondent who has just completed a trip by automobile over this part ef the fighting line. "The stretch of country," he remarks, "in three as saults on the Polish capital, probably has seen the bloodiest fighting of the whole war. "A bridge near Blonie," writes th correspondent, "marks the nearest ap proach which the Germans have thus far made to, Warsaw. The bones of 11,000 Germans, aneV nobody knows how many Russians lie here. "Two miles to the left are the ruins' of Rokltvo church. The tall spire stands archlike, completely pierced by shell fire. The gap made by the shells is 25 feet deep and 18-feet across, and the walls of the 'arch are In some places only- two Inches thick. When asked to account for the phenomenon the peasantry, crossing themselves. Point to the Madonna within, "Not far away is the skeleton of a great estate once owned by Prince Urbetsky, whose death early last year led to a memorable murder trial. Twelve acres of the magnificent for est which surrounded the estate have gone for fuel already, and an aerial attack has left : little of the once stately mansion." K 1 'l ii Barbed-Wire Fence Keeps Them Out Germane Post Warning In Alsac to Bffeot Anyone Coming- within 60 rest of It Will Be Shot. Berne, via Paris, March 27. -A barbed wire fence 10 feet high along which sentries are posted at frequent intervals now encompasses the entire zone of German tntlitare An.rattAti. 4 n Alsace. Notices have been nostnd fat ing that anyone approaching within 80 feet of the fence or attempting to smuggle letters will be shot at sight. All foreigners who have been per mitted to remain hi the district are compelled to report dally to the com mander. . Travel to Holland Under Restrictions Persona Intending to Go Tbr Kurt Giv British Home Offioe at &stt Three Bays' Votloe. London. March 27 Th itrinn regulations governing the securing of passports oy persona desiring to travel from England to France hava been tni. lowed by the announcement of other regulations governing travel to Hol land. Under the new orders no tmr.u, 1 may go to Holland without giving the home office three days' notice of hJs intended departure. Travelers must supply full Information concerning tneir pians ana me trutn or their state ments muat be vouched for b twn responsible British citizens. MORE SERBIAN SOLDIERS London, March 27.-rOffieial infer mation has been received by the Serbian legation her which, according to the legation, indicates that the re ports of the outbreak of typhus in Serbia have been greatly exaggerated. The i legation further announces that the Berbian army haa been strength ened by the. addition of two fresh classes and has received new supplies and equipment. The military authori ties fare well satisfied with the situ ation;, the Austrian forces arrayed against Serbia being merely the rem nants of those, previously defeated. : SociaJlist in Berlin Council. Berlin March 27. The aldermen of Berlin today elected Xierr Hassenbach, socialist and secretary of a labor union, to be a member of the city coun clL This 1 the first time that a So cialist ever has been nominated to tms office. There were 8s affirmative bal lots, won is ballots were blank. 1 - v 1 tfcT;v'l- imir'li'oiii hi m'ihh iiii' i Mutiny in India Urged by. Germans British Government x Says Pamphlets Called TTpoa Troops to "Throw Off Bated Toke and Kill Officers." London, March 27. rThe India office announces that documents have reached the British government showing that German consular officials In Persia and agents of German firms have been engaged in Intrigues, with the object of facilitating a Turkish- invasion of Persia and promoting an uprising of the tribes against Great Britain. The German consul at BuBhlre, on the Persian gulf,, who is ndw stationed at Shi rax, aided by Germans and In dians from Berlin, has, says the India office, been circulating' pamphlets ad dressed to the Indian urmy calling upon the soldiers to Pthrow off th hated yoke and rise and kill your of ficers." '. A long appeal to the Mussulman sol. dlers was also found, urging them to Join in a "Jehad (holy-war). 7 Telegrams are made public by the India office, which, it says, show that arms and ammunition consigned to the German legation at Teheran were re ceived . through Bush Ire. These sup plies were to be used to arm the tribes men, who were to attack Bushire. The foreign office was advised that Turkish soldiers recently ran wild in the Urumlah district of northwestern Persia and killed several hundred civilians. The Turks are said to have burned several villages after looting them. - France Will Buy The Dacias Cargo But ft SPrlse Court Must Dispose of the Seised Ship; Transfer. Illegal Under Preach Statute, v Paris, March 27. The French for eign office, it is understood, has de cided to buy the cargo of cotton of the steamship Dacia, which was seized bv a French cruiser and taken into Brest while on a voyage from the United States to Rotterdam. The cotton la valued at about $750,000. and it has been proposed by the owners " of the vessel that the French government purchase the cargo. The disposition of the shin must h left to a prize court, but the official view is clear.. The French law. it la pointed out, does not permit the trans- ier or a snip Belonging to a hostile country to a neutral during war. The Dacia belonged formerly to the Hamburg-American line, but she changed her registry and became an American ship after the outbreak of hostilities. Captain George McDonald, th mas ter of .the Dacia, has arrived in Paris and- it is his intention to remain here until tne prize court proceedings are ended. , : r - Defender of Liege Refuses a Parole Says If X 7avs German Prison X WUX Offer Services to XI Xing, Ac eordln to Bis Xftr. Paris, March 27. General Leman. Belgian defender of Liege, now a pris oner in .Geemany, has refused to ac cept his liberty under a parole, which the Germans have offered him, accord ing to a letter received by one of his friends, a major In a Belgian engineer corps.' m General Leman replied to the offer of a parole, be wrote his friend, that Ms first act on obtaining' freedom would be to offer his services to Bel gium and his king. He added that the wound in his .foot which had troubled Dim so long naa neaiea. Brazilians to AldT Allies. Rio Janiero, March 27. Under the presiaency ox senator nuy Barbosa,' member of tha Hkna trlhim.i league has been formed In behalf of the allies of the Triple Entente, with the object of extending to them moral assistance. - TbM tiny CAPSULE are saperfer to Balni ef Copaiba, Cubeba r njctiota,ind , "v RELIEVES la MID) 24 HOURS ths V- tms dltMMS wtth eut Ineonranlaoca Bold tvlUmooUt. ' 11 J sru Ut Jfriet mm 1, ii.:.'.lf,.l GENEROSITY OF U. S. EXPECTED TO CREATE ETS IN BELGIUM People Are Beginning to Like "Strange" Viands This Country Has' Sent Them. . Brussels, March 27. American gen erosity In Belgium relief is acquaint ing this city with many American dell cades that may find a permanent mar ket here when peace is restored. Juat now the relief committee here has de cided to open a store in th heart of Brussels to sell some of this "strange" viands which Americans sent over here to help feed Belgium's poor. The first of these delicacies so to be offered are five tons of' maple sugar. Then come a couple of thousand cans of sugar corn. At first the committee did not know what to do with this be cause none of the Americans her seemed to have learned how to. prepare the contents of the cans. They tried cooking it in all the French and Oer man ways at their command, but It wasn't the delicate triumph that mother used to make. Then by ac cident an American tourist heard of their plight. Now little typewritten slips with each can say: "Add 20 per cent of milk and boil." 7 Pomaerly Pd to Xorses. But there are other stews which it is hoped th- new store will add to the Belgian bill of fare. For Instance, there-are two carload of rolled oats, a food which only recently has suc ceeded in touching the epicurean pal ate of th Brussels folk. As with th corn, they said: "We feed such things to the horses over here." But thev have learned bow to prepare them and it is different now. Half a carload of canned sweet po tatoes also is awaiting the maglo touch of some really competent cook. Hominy is another delicacy which th patient committee hopes to introduce o the Belgian palate. Baking powder, which arrived in considerable quantities, also was a novelty to most of th Belgians, but it haa made a hit. Canned salmon seemed a strange form of provender at first, but th de mands for this culinary mystery ar increasing. - Zdkly to Want Pi Beat, Earlier in the work 'came a carload of baked pork and beans. Here was a real novelty, and a none too popular one. But suddenly it seemed to strike the Belgian fancy, and now the com mittee cannot supply the demand. Presently these poor Belgians will de mand pie, and then tbelr American ization is assured. The committee Is still doing herolo work. For virtually all of Belgium is dependent on the grain and flour sup ply it can bring in. Four fifths of the Belgians can and do i pay good prices for all they get. Ho the prob lem is to bring in something they can buy. The profit on this, with contri butions of twice the amount from the various communities, enables the com mittee to feed the other fifth In soup kitchens, by reduced restaurant tick ets and by other means. Ssnrafefo' - Rub Omega Oil gently over the ach Ing nerves; then cover with flannel soaked in the Oil Put apiece of dry flannel over this and bind tightly gainst the face. This simple treat ment has brought peaceful rest ti people who have suffered agooica. MARK