THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND MONDAY EVENING. MARCH 8. 1915.
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Occasion do not make a
man either - strong or weak,
but they show what ' he is.
Thomas a Kempis. t
A AH I'SK REBUKED
THE emergency clause farce, as
performed in Oregon, Is re
buked by a decision of the
supreme .court in the state of
Washington. That body holds that
the legislature cannot attach the
emergency roviBlori to a new law
to make tt take effect- immediately
unless it is .actually necessary for
the public peace, health, eafety or
.the preservation of , existing state
institutions, p
; The suit waa brought at the Bug
gcstion of Governor Lister to teet
the validity j of" the emergency
clause in a, bill .changing the per
eonnel of the state land board.
The. court holds that, the emergency
clause was improperly attached,
.and the bill will not take effect
until ninety days after adjourn
ment. The court was divided, five
, to four, in the decision.
Referring to former decisions
which give the legislature the right
to declare when an emergency ex
ists, Justice Chad wlclc, in the ma
jority opinion, says the law, must
be progressive; and that the courts
cannot longer be bound by prece
dent that is based on obsolete con
ditions.; He says the peopld have
reserved the right to use the refer
endum upon all bills except those
limited to public peace, health,
safety and the preservation of ex
isting institutions, and that this
reservation cannot be .overstepped
by the legislature.
. This is per f ectfy sound doctrine.
It ought' to be the position of the
supreme court In Oregon,' where a
different conclusion ' was reached.
It' is not impossible that such a
position would- be taken were the
issue . squarely presented to the
Oregon tribunal 'under the light of
present-day conditions. ' if not,
then a court ought to be elected
that would so hold, or a constitu
tional amendment ought to be
adopted to end legislative abuse of
the emergency clause.
;; -Tbe : hfgh handed use of the
"emergency clause at the late Ore
gon .session shows the danger. Al
most? every appropriation bill, by
use. pf : the emergency pretext, has
been' kept beyond reach of the ref
erendum. Bills creating new
Judges and new courts in which
the Senate machine was particu
larly Interested were kept out of
the reach of the people.'
What the next legislature may
do in extending this abuse, is' a
problem if not a peril.
IF, HE ONXY KNEW
IX -hours in Portland."
This is. the way the itin
eraries of rtnany western
bound ! tourists are beins
made up. ! .
What can the tourist see during six
hours in. Portland? He can leave
his train at ; the depot, take a
streetcar and. ride to the Heights,
or he can take a sjht-seeing bus
and ride over thefcity, or he can
walk through the main streets
and look at the shop windows and
i?ky scrapers, -or he can go to a
hotel and sit in the lobby. There
Is - no novelty in most of these
tilings. He can see them at home.
All cities are very much alike in a
general way.
i What would be i ovel and a de
light to the traveler would be the
beauties of nature just outside the
limits of Portland. Thes9 are
something he cannot see at home..
He cannot see smiling fields
cinctured by snow covered peatcs.
He ; cannot motor through shaded
foothills and for,ests of fir ar.d
cedar, along a rushing river, or
bathe In the mist of a spraying
waterfall.' He - cannot wander
along the ocean's shore and for
get the world Sot men In the surge
and roar of the sea. He could
have this experience near Port
land but It would take more than
six hours.
If he only kjaew what he could
see his Itinerary would read "Port
land six days."
PIKE COUNTY WOMEN
P
kIKE county. Kentucky, re
cently achieved notoriety
through the Indictment of
many of i ts citizens on
charges ' of , selling their votes.
Some of the newspapers said 700
men and 200 women had been in
dicted, whereas true bills had been
found against only three women.
. . It , was a wholesale slander on
the : women,.' and the Pike county
district attorney promptly refuted
it. On behalf of the' truth and in
defense of - jvomanhood, he sent tele
grams to the newspapers asking
that ' they call attention in the
most public manner to the - facts.
Many newspapers are doing this. ?
It. was a stupid blunder, for any
editor of ordinary intelligence
ought to nave known that some
thing was wrong with the figures.
If only 700 men were Indicted;
there could ! not have been 200 wo
men, provided, the sexes re evenly
divided in Pike county. The pro
portion of 700 to threo is about
right. It might be 700 to four,
but hardly 700 to five. j
The average woman will resort
to many expedients to secure pin
money. She will pay ten cents
car fare to save a nickel at a bar
gain sale; she will coddle her hussi
band into unconscious generosity;
she may even go through his pockV
ets at night. But when it comif
to selling her vote never! Th&
ballot is woman's priceless posses
sion and, besides, it Is coming t
be fahionable, .
ELLIOTT SUSTAINED
THE State Highway Commission,
which Is composed of:Gover
1 nor Withycbmbe, state Trea
urcr Kay and Secretary of
State CHeott, is . to be commended
for refusing to discharge Assist
ant Highway Engineer Elliott, who
is in charge of highway construc
tion in Hood River county, on tlw
complaint pf the- contractor, the
Newiiort Land & Construction Com
pany. The evidence introduced at
the hearing last Friday showed
that the contractor had no "valid
cause of complaint and' that Mr.
Elliott, in insisting that the work
be done according to specifications
was protecting the interest of the
taxpayers of Hood River county.
While the controversy in many
of its details wa3 a petty one, an
important question was involved.
That was whether contractors on
public work are to have a free
hand, without restraint, or whether
the public interest is to be pro
tected by an honest inspection and
an insistence that the work shall
be performed according to the
terms of the contract.
It would be a serious situation
if a contractor could, on a Slight
pretext, when he found that the
engineer in charge was not a
pliant one, secure his dismissal.
There would be no need of an en
gineer to supervise and measure
the work. It could all be turned
over to the contractor. He would
look after it to his own satisfac
tion if not to that of the public.
Many contractors , take public
work at a low figure in the ex
pectation that they can make a
profit through the favor of a
friendly engineer.
In keeping Mr. Elliott on the
work the State Highway Commis
sion gives notice that the honest
engineer will be sustained.
THE DRUG MENACE
A WASHINGTON dispatch says
physicians are predicting a
crime wave throughout the
country as a result of the
new federal regulations regarding
the sale of habit-forming drugs. It
is argued that victims of the drug
habit will be driven to excesses of
various kinds whidh will demand
extraordinary efforts by the police
to check.
If these dire predictions are jus
tified, they are startling illustra
tion of the necessity of ending,
once and for all, a trade that has
filled the jails and insane asylums
with Its victims. It is time that
th.5 "dope" menace be removed,
even though there may be a tem
porary increase in crime.
'Statistics show that of the gen
eral criminal population very
nearly fifty per cent are addicted
to some form of the drug habit.
More than twenty per cent of
fallen women and their hangers-on
are said' to be drug users. The
drug habit has been increasing at
an alarming rate in recent years.
The international opium com
mission reports that Italy, with
33,000,000 people, imports and
consumes only 60C0 pounds of
opium a year. Spain uses so little
that imports are not separated in
customs returns. Five European
countries, with a combined popula
tion of 164,000,000, use less than
50,000 pounds a year. The United
States has been using over 400,000
pounds a year.
The new federal regulations are
expected- to cut down this enor
mous consumption. Because their
supply has been suddenly cut off,
a few users of the drug may be
driven to crime or Insanity, but the
benefit to the large number of
drug users will be incalculable.
IT IS EVER THAT WAY
JOHN MACADAM was the father
of the modern good road. His
experience was somewhat simi
lar to that of the good roads
advocates of the present day. Af
ter years of study tind travel he
was virtually made roadmaster of
Great Britain. He , had many ob
stacles to overcome but the strong
est opposition he encountered waa
that of ; his fellow : Scotchmen of
Ayrshire and elsewhere. j
They believed his scheme; im
practicable and they did not want
any of his "parlor highways" run
through or even alongside their
farms. But for the fact he held a
commission from the crown and
was a man of consequence and au
thority he probably would have
Ibeen driven out of Scotland.
v After the , first road was built
the doubting Thomases were con
vinced and neighborhoods begaa .to
fight over5 the question as' to who
was to have the next road. Before
the death of Macadam it is said
that 'out of over 25,000 miles of
highway In Great Britain, all but
about 250 miles had been macad
amized. John Macadam may not. stand
as high on the roll of fame as
Caesar or Napoleojn who also built
many roads, yet he did a great
work for human betterment. ;
. The discouraged roau : enthusi
ast of today can take heart ; from
the experience of John Macadam.
A STAGGERING APPEAL
HE! Children's Bureau of the
United States Department of
Labor says., the deaths ' of . ba
bies are in inverse proportion
to the earnings of the, father. ;This
I statement is made in connection
with statistics , on infant mortality
at Jamestown, Pennsylvania for
the year 1913.
An examination of living condi
tions In that city disclosed the fact
that babies whose - fathers earned
less than $10 a week died at the
rate of 256 per 1000. On the
other" hand, those whose fathers
earned $25 or . more a week died
at the rate of only 84 per 1000.
Insanitary environment was largely
responsible, for In the most inade
quately drained ward the rate rose
to 271, or more than five times
that of the choice residential sec
tion of the city. f f-
-Tbe: part played by housing is
shown by the fact that in well-
ventilated homes the .rate was 28.1,
and In poorly ventilated it was 170.
In houses where water ( had to be
carried In from , outdoors the rate
was 198, as against 118 where
water .was piped Into the house.
Heavy work by mothers is also
shown to be a contributing cause
of a high Infant mortality. In one
group ! of nineteen mothers, whose
babies all died, fifteen had been
keeping ; lodgers, the women gen
erally! doing the washing and iron
ing for the lodgers besides prepar
ing their meals.
Conditions in Johnstown are Said
to be, typical, of many industrial
Cities, i
The facts here stated constitute
a staggering appeal to all people
to have thoughts about the wage
and life conditions of those f on
the lower levels. They mean that
an inadequate wage is death, and
that those responsible for inade
quate ; wage stand under a terrible
indictment. i '
i MARIAN B. TOWNE
I
S WOMAN to be an agency in
elevating legislative standards
in Oregon?
Are the high purpose, the
conscience and the presence of
woman in legislative bodies to ex
ercise a' regulative Influence to
ralsei the honor level of male legis
lators? Women, whose Intellectuality
have brought them to the front in
public life, have invariably shown
a decided proneness to support the
better side of public questions, and
to stand for that kind of moral
standard that applies to public af
fairs as well as to private affairs.
Theyseem to offer a hQe, if their
high purpose turns out to be the
rule among all women who use
the ballot, that a further purifica-
tion of politics may result from
equality between the sexes as to
the franchise.
An example of what could i come
to pass is the record "of Miss
Marian Towne, representative from
Jackson county at the late session.
She will be called upon to make no
explanations to her constituents of
her acts as a member of the legis
lature. I Without exception, her
vote and aer voice were for those
measures and those purposes that
an Impartial and honorable public
never fails to eommend. Miss
Towne is a splendid example of the
possibilities of woman In public
life.
STILL EXPLAINING, BUT
S
TILL explaining the ' spoils
men's law, the Oregonian,
speaking of the removal of
state employes, says: "There
has been no time in the history of
the state when it might not have
been done br the appointive
power." j. : .
Then why : was the spoilsmen's
act passed?
Why it was passed, the peculiar
manner of its passage and the des
perate methods employed to drive
it through the .unwilling House ana
what nobody; can find out : about.
Senator Moser has explained.
Senator Thompson has explained.
Senator . Day has explained. The
Oregonian has explained, i There
has been a voluminous and, mul
titudinous and uproarious explain
ing of the spoilsmen's law. Its
so-called virtues have been pon
derously asserted and elaborately
elucidated. : .
But what the public really wants
to find out goes unelucidated. The
real and satisfying explanation can
be made by answers to four simple
questions propounded and several
times Te-printed by The Journal.
Tnese questions are:
First, f Why did the Senate stand
ready to beat the compensation
hill if the House refused t to pass
the spoilsmen's bUl?
: Second. ; Yhy was ; the spoils
men's bill kept out of the reach of
tt people by attaching the emerg
ency clause to it? ' ' I .
Third. " Why did : the Senate
bosses demand this measure even
at the personal sacrifice by the
governor of signing the bill after
he had ; promised the grange I that
he; would veto emergency clause
bills not necessary for the . "im-
mediate' preservation, of . the pub-j
lie peace, health or safety 7 "
Four. If the spoilsmen's bill is
such a masterpiece of legislation,
why is every civilized government
In the world, Oregon excepted, ex
tending and perfecting civil service
as means of getting rid of spoils
men and spoils?
Six "dead and twelve wounded
was the " blood harvest of pistol
practice by . Monroe Phillips, who
went insane and ran amuck at
Brunswick, Georgia. He thought
IT. F. Dun woody, a lawyer, re
sponsible ; for his financial losses,
and he went out with his revolver
to get ' him. Six slain, including
the maniac, lay prostrate In the
shambles of the lawyer's office
when .the shooting was over. How
ever, that 'is .what pistols are
made for.
It would not alter conditions in
the slightest if the United States
government should attempt to stop
the shipment of arms to European
belligerents. The warring . nations
would get "the arms, just the
same. : Shipment" would be made
to agents of, the belligerents . in
some other neutral country and a
transfer there -would land the arms
where they were wanted. "
; THE JOURNAL
NATIONAL EDITORIAL
THE It K A Li MAN BEHIND THE
GUN i
By WAU)KMAB KAEMPFt'EB'f'.
Managing Kditor. The Ki-lenUHc American.
BACK of the German 42 centimeter
howitzer, back of tha French In
fantryman's rifle, back of tha ax
plosives that hurl a British super
dreadnaught's shells ten rnlleB against
a Bluecher. is an invlslbla seniua
whosa conscience must smite him
when he contem
plates the devas
tation wrou g h t
by his work. Ha
is ; feund in the
Krupp works in
Essen, In the
Creusot gain f ac-
tory of France, in
t h universities
ot Russia a n d
England this in-j
visible bespecta
t a c 1 e d, narrow
W. Kaempffert.
chested, high browed genius who has
made war more unutterably , horrible
by making It more mathematical and
mechanical.
In the chemical laboratories he has
worked, devising new and, more dia
bolical fulminating compounds; over
drawing boards he has bent, besigning
guns that Will fire a tfjn of metal at
a time; in foundries he has experi
mented with alloy steels which will
make a more resistant, armor; and on
proving grounds he has noted the ef
fect of shell fjire on earthen and con
crete protections. He ls the, real
man behind the , gun not the poor
creature who stands entrenched in
mud, waiting for a Joffre or a Hin
denberg to give the order to fire. .
In the ten years that have elapsed
since the Russian-Japanese war was
fought, the scientist and the engineer
have done more to Improve field ar
tillery than harvesting machinery.
Physicists know more about ballistics
than physicians know about pellagra
More money has been spent in the
last twenty years to find out how the
life of-heavy naval guns may be pro
longed than to discover a eure for
cancer.
Surely science is as paradoxical as
a Shaw play. It seems ludicrously
blinC to its own reactionary trend.
What form of rifle bullet can be pro
jected through the atmosphere, with
the greatest possible velocity, with the
least ; possible ' amount of explosive,
with the shortest possible Uarrel? ; A
pretty problem, this, thinks the scien
tist, ; and forthwith he proceeds to
its solution with a curious, child-like,
simplicity. He who has done so much
to exnlain the mysteries of the uni
verse, to nnfold new and Undreamed
of. beauties in - atoms" and stars, to
make this earth a little more like
heaven he must needs ally himself
with the barbarians, tear- down his j
own edifice and assist in the task of
plunging us into hell, simply because
it is an Interesting scientific matter
to discover a more effective way of
killing a regiment at five miles.
And it is done with the same un
selfishness that marks all scientific
investigations. ' The enthusiasm that
Inspires a Koch to brave the perils of
African jungles in order to discover
the cause of sleeping sickness, spurs
a Maxim to Invent a machine gun
which will spew bullets from its
mouth like water. While Carvel shows
how tissues may be kept alive in an
Icebox for years and then grafted on
the animal organism, a brilliant en
gineer designs a submarine torpedo
boat. With one band science leads- us
on the way to happiness and light;
with the other she helps to cast us
Into an abyss of despair and gloom.
Perhaps, when 'the; war - is over,
he scientists of the world, the fact
gatherers and truth purveyors, may '
make amends for the part they have
played in this appalling drama. The
statesmen and generals of the world
have both used and abused Scientists.
Until the biologist,' the "chemist, : the
engineer and physicist are heard -In
the councils of men, until they become
something ' more than i mere tools in
the hands of less gifted ' politicians,
we shall continue te see them mis
directing their Intellectual energy by
creating implements of destruction
and perpetuating a system which
finds it necessary to cure a murderers.
of a disease In order , to hang him on
a specified date. .-Wei.s lata.
xv.rww.w!v.-.".v.-.'.y;.w..:ArJ
Letters From the People
( Comu ud ica tlotia wu u Xba Journal toe
jpublicaUon la ttaia department abould b wrlt-
ten oa out one aide ft tint paper, stiooia aoi
ea.ced auu words lu Magta and max b aa
cumpauied by tbe uatue aud ddre til tl
sc-uutsr. It toe writer does not daire to bav
tiie nam published. b should so staie..
"Discussion Ja Um greatest t all reformer.
It rationalises rervtblug It touches. - It rubs
principles of all false auctlty and throws tbe a,
back on their reaaonsblsuess. If they bars
no reaeonsuleness, it rutblasaly crushes thesa
out of existence and sets up its owa eoaelusioiat
u, their suefil-" Woodrow Wilson.
Portland Sharply Reproved.
Portland, March 6. To the .Editor of
The Journal Mr. KCrr's opinion of
Portland and her alow going people,
expressed in The Journal o( March 6,
is certainly worthy of more than pass
ing attention. In a few, words be de
scribes your city and". people to a
nicety. May X now have the privilege
of expressing ray opinion? ; .
With a party of friends I arrived
here 'Monday last, from California,
with a view to looking over the field
for Investment. ' .
Well, my visit her carries me back
to the most-doleful time of my whole
life back to tbe day when my good
father lay dead, in on room of our
once happy home, while my mother in
another room aobbed out her sorrow.
Leaving this-sad sight, I looked for
my two older sisters and found them
in their room, their amis around each
other, fairly frantic wltrt grief and
fear, not ipnly over our real loss but
tna thought of wtiat might happen, to
mother, if she. did not calm herself and
pull herself together- brace up, as' it
were. All this sorrow was terrible to
a little chap of 9, so I rushed to the
njirsery, hoping- to find comfort there.
But alas! here eat the nursemaid with
baby brother tightly clasped to her
breast and fairly raining tears down
unto his curly little pate. To nit th4
said: "Oh, come to me, Bobbie; put
j our head on my : shoulder and cry all
you want to; for this la a terrible
time."
Ah me! how I. have tried to forget
that time! Let me say, however.'that
since my arrival Monday, every ay
spent . In your lovely .city has seemed
like the day of my father's death.
Every one ol" your people seems to be
weeping, fairly sobbing on one an
other's shoulders, over .what has been,
present conditions, and what worse
may yet come to pass neveronce
counting jour blessings.
What city might have more re
sources behind it? What state has
more resources? With all your great
and wonderful timber, your stock couij-
i try, your fine farming lands (much of
this area Idle, it Is true;, your Irri
gation projects, not half appreciated
ask Balfour-Guthrie what their pro-
I Jcl nas ne tor a pari oi our oeau-
rjch n;inerjU "resour:e3in fac't;
. yOU have many wonderful resources
behind you, yet never and nowhere
couJd you find a more unnerved people.
: Can't you sea your own opportunities
and improve them?
Theri your bankers. Maybe being de-
, scribed as "closely conservative" is a
polite way of expressing an opinion of
them. Perhaps banks bursting with
money will offset bankruptcy.
We came here seeking investment
and have certainly come up against
the queerest line of talk we ever heard
from business men. Still, we do see
your opportunities. I am glad, how
ever, that today's Shasta will carry us
away, from your City of -gloomy people,
back to a place where we spend our
"days ' trying to do things, instead of
weeping over what happened ' before
the war, and what may yet happen,
i jxiosen up, oh ye bankers and mil
lionaires of Oregon. Develop your own
resources. - Put your? unemployed to
. work and have the banner state of the
1 union for your own. A land fairly
oozing milk and honey should know
no hungry people not gloomy ones,
either. A. POPPY.
The People and the Ship B11L
Portland, March 6, To the Editor of
The Journal After- reading your edi
torial of last evening on the accom
plishments of the Wilson administra
tion; I should like to show 'my appre
ciation of this great, conscientious,
hard working president.
The thought has come to me that I
couldn't do It -Better than by procuring
signatures to a protest to be -sent to
the senate against- its recent high
handed methods In handling the ship
purchase bill, but the most I could do
would be a trifle, considering what
must be done to be at all effective.
Would it not be possible for The
Journal to start such a campaign and
enlist the support of . newspapers
throughout the United States -that are
favorable to the ship purchase bill?
By the time the next congress con
venes a few million signatures would
I help remind the senators and con
gressmen that they are there to do the
will of the people and that the presi
dent always has the people behind him
whenever he is proposing laws for our
benefit and the good of the country.
STANLEY CHARETTE.
viU Help Themselves If Helped.
Lents, March 6. To the Editor of
The Journal I notice several plans
are being offered to help needy fam
ilies get upon pieces of land. Tfiere is
a family here at Lents who desire'
very much to go on on a place. . There
is a tract near Mount Scott they can
rent for $20, a year. But the man has
been laid up with a lame leg all win
ter and has had no work. TBey have
six bright children. They have a few
chickens, and if they could be put upon
a place they would soon have a gar
den and chickens to keep up : ex
penses. Now they Just have to get
help from here and there, and are
often needy. Why cannot those who
wish really, to help people to, self re
specting, useful- lives give this family
av lift? 1 suppose there are others
just like Jthem. It would pay any city
to help such families In this way, in
stead of giving out old clothes and a
few groceries now and then so they
can barely exist. Will some one take I
an interest in this man and give him
a lift, right away, so he can make his
garden and fix his chickens so he will
have en Income?
It is all right to take care of Bel
gium, but this case is as urgent as
Belgium. The writer of this letter
may be addressed at Lents, Or., for
further Information.
PHEBH HAMMER.
On Recreant Representatives.
; Trill l..r-. -la lfaaAh at sVfri
u The JournTlT-l" wish o Tndorse
heartily recent letters by A. F. Mack-
ley and "A Woman of 62." It fairly.
made my blood bell to read the utter
ances of that creature who stood 'in
the state house at Salem and uttered
aruch brutal remarks. - Let ua hope that
he will be' returned no more to a place
representative of the people.
A. F. Mackley's remarks are O. KV
The trouble with so many people is
they are . bound by prejudice and neve
take the trouble to form opinions of
their own. They ; think, "As-it has
been, so should it be." Unemployment,
poverty and ; deep , discontent are -in
creasing year : by year. Do our con-
greases, either national or state, appear
to take heed of the fact? Apparently
not. -Why do we continue to send to.
our learislatuT bankers, lawyer and
PERTIN ENT COMMENT
EMALL CHANGE
A strong headed man may be weak
minded. .
Gossip in tha ammunition used in
tbe guns of knockers.
A man who 1 buys a ' blind horse
should also consult an oculist.
Nothing worries some women like
troubles that failed to develop.
; But ,mn who rushes the growler
is never in a hurry himself. '.
If it were not for politics lots of
lasy men would starve to death.
. ' '
T Man proposes, woman accepts and
the neighbors all nay: "X told you soT'
e . , .
After' a woman has been married
flva times you can't tell her anything
about men, .
If a young man is really in love he
never hesitates to propose because the
girl has. money!
It's difficult to convince a woman
that gambling is wrong if her husband
keeps ahead of the game.
When a cheap man drops a penny
in the contribution plate he figures on
getting a through ticket to glory in
exchange. . . . ,
a'
It mijrht be well to reitjember that
good advice has a monetary value.
It la the other kind that is handed
out by those running a gift enter
prise. i '
One of the crying needs of the coun
try is a company that will insure a
man against making a fool of himself.
Then it will rnnke no difference how
often a fellow gets mad.
SEVEN MONTHS OF THE WAR
From Collier's Weekly.
The gigantic deadlock of the' armies
in the west still stands, from Switier
land, to Dover straits. The Germans
are about 50 miles from- Paris, - and
though both sides emphasize daily the
microscopic advantages gained at this
point or that,. other topics are getting
a foothold on-the front page of our
newspapers. Both sides have endured
as beet they might the beastly cave
man life of the trenches -the dysen
tery, neuralgia, froasen feet, vermin
and other miseries that do not get .into
the dispatchesj and form no . part of
glory. For the modern soldier fights
at any and all hours and under any
conditions. His lines are entrenched,
fortified, barb wired and dotted thick
with carefully screened cannon: Every
range is known to ttte last inch. Be
hind this hard $hel frontier both sides
are getting ready to move as soon as
there is clear ; weather everhead and
firm ground under foot. "The French,
English and Germans are all busy
drilling reserves, building roads, rail
ways, bridges and automobiles, laying
up huge stores of ammunition, and
strengthening their artillery. Any ad
vance will probably be won by blastr
lng the opponent out of the way with
a heavier, more accurate and more
concentrated artillery fire, and then
rushing in fresh troops. It will be
the deadliest fighting ever seen. De
fense is now the easier task, but time
Is on the side of the allies. Perhaps
March or April will pee a tremendous
effort by 'the kaiser'a forces to resume
conquest where they left off last Sep
.Amv.A n kraulr fhrnuiTh tn Paris and
, l. ii'uv, , . ' - ... .
Calais .xu .. ...-
and Kitchener can take the field. For
the invaders it is either this or peace,
and there will be no peace while the
Germans are In France or in Belgium.
Sea power is still England's. The
famous policy of wearing down the
opposed fleet works both ways; and
so far the German naval losses are
the heavier. Submarine exploits -and
Zeppelin projects dp not even up the
score. Meantime the great armies of
Nicholas and Von Hlndenburg alter
nate week of desperate trench fight
ing near Warsaw with great offensive
campaigns that sweep forward and
back through East Prussia and Po
land. That land of the broken heart
is now ruined beyond power of words
to. express. Suffering and famine are
worse there than in Belgium, for neith
er side holds, the country, the Poles are
drafted into both armies, and the
senseless cruelties of race hate are
piled on the miseries of war. Russia
fights on three fronts: Against Ger
many, against Austria and against
Turkey in that land of mythology be
tween the Black and Caspian seas.
The rfrize here is the Dardanelles exit
INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY AND THE FAKER
By John M. Oskison. .
Already American industrial chem
ists have worked out wonderful econo
mies, highly profitable new processes,
and the shutting off by the war of
many products and ingredients our
manufacturers have been getting from
Europe will stimulate our chemists
anew. i ;
Along with the. genuine discoveries
will eome a new awakening among
the fakers. Let me illustrate by ref
erence to a recent article in the
Northwestern Miller, a trade paper of
excellent standing. ' - ' -
Recently the experts employed by
that paper analyzed a substance ad
vertised as the baker's panacea
something that would keep bread
moist. The company1 putting this sub
stance out was selling the right to use
it in restricted localities for .from
$3000 to $5000.' It surely, ought to be
a valuable thing.
Now tre paper's chemists made
their report, and the Northwestern
Miller said:
"What do you suppose this wonder
ful substance was? A certain starch.
"big business" men? Don't we know
they are Interested only in .making
all they can . for themselves,, from
what we tolled to produce? Instead
of bread, we are banded a stone in
the shape of various exhortations to
be thrifty and saving of the small
amount we receive for the fruits of
our labor. '
Let us as voters, try some hard
thinking between now and. next elec
tion. JOHN DUBB,
To Core Unemployment Now.
Portland. March 5. To the Editor
pf , The Journal A striking letter,
headed, "Blames Democrats,'- by
George Seby, appeared in the Telegram
March which, while .alluding rather
unkindly to the present administration
at Washington yet gives much fosd
for thought regarding the stearclty of
employment throughout -tbe nation. If
any branch, or combined branches, of
government can do anything more to
immediately furnish every willing
worker a Job, it seems that our states
men would be ! pointing out the way,
I am "being convinced,- however, that
good progress ' is - being made a long
those lines, and that an important work
remains for the private citizen to do
now. . - ..).. .-
We have done much good voting, and
AND N EWS IN BRIEf
j OREGON SIDELIGHTS y .
! A movement is !n progress at Red
mond looking to the improvement of
the rexidence streets of the town by
grading.
1 Butherlln's council has passed an
ordinance prohibiting bill posting and
the painting and tacking of signs on
buildings or fences. : within the city
limits.
i ..'
'I The Installation of the Incandescent
Street lighting system at Dallas is
well under way, and-the manager ex
pects to have the new service in
operation within a short time.
j - "j: :
! A band to Include the test talent of
Roaeburg, Oakland and Qutheriin is in
process of organization. It! is pro
posed to qualify for handling a better
grade of music than is undertaken by
the average band. i
k v'.----:'J" -
I Newberg Enterprise: It is evident
that Oregon is cutting the widest kind
Of a wide swath at the Kan Francisco
-exposition. Let us hope that Oregon
Visitors are getting on to the fcian
Francisco instead of "Frisco.'l v
j J .... - - I - -
i" Newspaper anniversaries of the past
week are those of the Dallas Ob
server and the Molalla Pioneer. The
former is 28 years old and the latter,
two. Editors Cates and Taylor ex
press supreme satisfaction with tho
manner! in which tbir respective j(uD.
ishing enteiprispn are flourishing,
Ka'lem Messenger: The wall of the
Mlide trombone and the rattle of the
snare drum was heard In Halem for
the first time in a good while Sunday
wUnn , 1 1 . ITn .- 1 yl X.'tt ...... P. 1 ....
nun 4 " i iiaiitii . j-iugciia ck. iianici 11
btreetcar tads rallied forth with their
Instruments. The ear boys fare, get
ting in trim for the summer concerts
i.nd they promise the-, Halem music
lover sometlilnK fine before long.
J , ; -
Into the Mediterranean and !the great
oil fields of Causasial Gertnany has
essumea Heavy burdehs In. her effort
to keep the eastern "ujar abroad. - tier-
man officers ate said to be In com
hmnd against Russia in all three fields,
two ucrman vessels - are ithe back
bone of the Turkish navy, and German
troops take the brunt of the work In
the Austrian crisis. Even so, Austria
Is failing in her part of the task, and
the expert political geographers are
busily carving and recombining the
Austrian territories just as they did
after 1848. Much depends on the part
played by the Balkan states, and all
the forces of finance and diplomacy
are at work to line them! up. In the
east, as in the west, the end may- eome
tnrough exhaustion; . J
- - .' ." I.-
I" Germany, Is making what use is pos
sible of Belgium and of some 3.7 per
cent of French territory, but the kai
ser's government has had to take over
all gasoline and motor tires, has re
served all stocks of copper, tin. alum
inum, nickel and lead for the army's
first call, and is issuing bread tickets
to citizens of Berlin land other cities.
The price jf meat has I so risen that
jthe government may at any moment
seize and administer Germany's flocks
and herds, her cold storage plants and
her packing houses. I The French
man's definition, of Prussia as "an
army in possession of 1 a- cqfuntry,-" is
now literally true." The official con
trol of tbe food supply has as corol
lary Britain's extension of the doctrine
bf contraband goods. -Perhaps the
submarine threat directed . against
merchantmen 'was only a desperate ef
fort to worry a more liberal policy
out of England through the coopera
tion as neutrals, i For Germany sore
ly needs foodstuffs from overseas
now that Russian wheat no longer
overflows Into her granaries. Ger
many was once an agricultural cpun
itry, but in 1907 some 66 per cent of
her population was Industrial, . and
this year much of the farm land in
East Prussia will be out of cultiva
tion. Against this 'must be set the
facts that Germany has long been or
ganized for war, that modern method
enable a relatively small part of the
nation to do the essential work, and
that the soldier in the field has no
chance to be extravagant. The loss
bf fighting men will probably decide
the war i. ., deaths and wounds, as
European -finance Is highly central
ized, strongly organized, and altO'
gether in the power of the war
makes, it is certain "success" will be
shown by all the (governments in all
their financial operations up to the
very point of collapse. This struggle
will be drawn out to a bitter and in
glorious end, .and civilization will
have to make what salvage it can. ,
' H
gelatinized. Intrinsically it was worth
about 2 cents a pound. The idea of
preserving molstness ' In bread by the
Use of gelatinized starch is as old as
any one feature of bread making."
J Stimulated by the financial success
of the -company selling this ancient
secret, others are preparing to sell
Something to the credulous bakers.
f'Even j now," says the paper, "we
bear rumors of various devices for
increasing the j moisture content of
bread." ..
' You and I as owners of spare cash
will no doubt be offered tbe oppor
tunity i to buy stock in 'many com
panies organised to exploit' new in
dustrial processes. One thing is cer
tain, howeveri Few of us will' get a
chance to put money, into the meri
torious projects. I
1 ' The public cannot fairly be asked
to finance experiments in industrial
Chemistry; the rewards of such ex
perimentation are too . problematical
ptor can the public expect to share in
the. profits of success. It is a safe
Inference that there's something
wrong with the company which offers
to let ua in on such profits. .
)fiOw let's do some good cooperating, ii
will start with myself. I have 20
acres pf almost idle land and am work
ing in toWn. j The land has been held
at $200-per acre, but .will not bring
more than $125 all it la really worth.
X will sell a part of it and use the
money that t thus bring out of its
hiding to improve the balance, and
also to remodel my old house In which
I now' live in Portland. For this work
I will not employ one .man at $3.6i)
for 12 hours, but -two men at $3 for
eight hours, j
j- Thus we can see how a man of mod
erate means can contribute to a wave
of industrious activity, if we are not
lob selfish. And if. men of wealth will
do this In proportion the disemploy
ment problem will be reduced to a
minimum. If we can't do this to a
good degree,! we might as well turn it
I all over to the Socialists, to try their
schemes. . . . . A. Z. ,.
! Under tbe Preemption Law.
I Portland, Or, March 4 To the Edi
tor of The Journal! wish you to let
me know how long a man has to live
pn a preemption before he has to pay
for it. from 18S0 to 1880, and you will
Ido ra a'favor to let me know in your
paper.7 i" ; .--.'-f'.-i -: r x. R. C.
Six months waa .the required term
of residence In the period mentioned.
T T?y rt l
IM ASLT CATS"
By Frad tooklay. BpeofaJ guff Write er
Tfes Journal.
Slxty-elx years ago Colonel Jobn B.
Colton started from Galesburg, 111., for
California, Today there are but three
survivors of the wagon train that
started across the plains on AprU C
1849. ( Colonel Colton and t-
other survivors of the hUto:
trip ef the "JayhawMers" have ar
ranged to meet at San Francisco at
the Panama-Pacific exposition. , Like
most of the party coming westward
in thoue days they started from St.
Joe, Wo. In place of taking the usual
southern route via the South Platte
river, they took the northern route and
crossed the river at Council Bluffs to
what is now the foot of Farnam street
in Omaha. Asa Haines was captain
of the train. At Council Bluffs the
party hired a Mormon guide to pilot
them across the plains. In talking of
the incidents -of tho trip' acroHs the
Plains to California, Colonel Colton re
cently said to an eastern interviewer:
"After crossing the EJkhorn w' met
James Brldfer, the seout. We Hti!
upon his fajnoua old fort, where with
twa banda of Indiana he rulud that
portion of the world and was a thorn
in the flesh of Brigbam Young, who
had established the -Mormons in Salt
" ..?t two years previously
TV. lcnt several day with Brldirer
restiiiK up. This wa In July. J M .
Hut l hud seen itridgpr In the
"""" ! "e "eM. and l.loml ,,r..i
beard him heap tlrttue upon 'HrUlixm
Young that 1 el.all never forjset. it
was shortly after wo hn.l left liim
in hie mountain' rend'-avoiin' hii our
arrival in tialt Lake that ho viHel
inai place. Jle iimii our i n mi. Ins
headquai tern. Just .before-? h,. uot
rf tr "'turn to hl l...mc he de
cided to call pn Itrlgliam Voting about
some grievance.
"Through boyish eurio.Hlty I went
along.. We rode straight the tirhimr
house and the Mormon loader emit" to
tlio door, Hridger wii louj and aii
ive, but Hi-Jgham y-otinir was diplo
matic. He Kliuwcd his temper in his
exiireNftion. lint not i II It f si Bdr--Ii
"Brldger had been threatened by tiie'
vuii. nui-iie ,nao complete con
trol of the Ijlea. Hhoshones, 1 !atheBlf,
Mlackfeet and Sioux, into whoso tribes
he had. married.-While Brlgham Young
stood pale aud silent Jim Brlduer
raved; .
, .""'f ever I catch Right of one of your
uanltes -in my territory, otherwlHe
than on a peacful niiswiou. 1 11 nwarm
up every Indian within 100 miles and
como and reduce -your place to anhei!'
'Brldger died in 1881. Major Gen-
fJr,nL0l.!nv,lle M- Idge of Conn. II
Btuffa, Iowa, decided in 190 to ro-t a
'tue to his - memory.. He-- had allied
tne United Ktatea army, helped to eur.
vey the Union I'u.ifH: rallroa,! rlnht--or
-Wax, and through hia knuwiedan of
the country had rtaved tlio .j oninaiiv n
largo sum of - money, tleneral to!ln
Bought my scrvicea to secure the re
mains of BridKer.
"1 found hia grave through Ills
granddaughter by one of his Indian
wives and the body was exhumed from.
a small cemetery about a5 irilles ffoitr
Kansas City and th remainn were
placed in Mount VVaKhiltHton rinlfl,.rv
with the monument telling of blM'ii'iany.
ii ma nean ot tne new xravr,
"Our party re.mained in Utah two
months. Upon advice biiNed on tiie
statement of Kit t'araon. prgleg rtitilth,
Joseph Walker and other tt. ouln of
tne time, It was considered not early
enouirh to start on ihn unit ln.n. ti-uii
and it waa too early to attempt the
southern route. The Donnnr parly IimiI J
periHhed in the pant winter over tho;
nortnern route and tho heut wuh too;
exceKslve until October' to undertake
the Los Aneeles trull
"We moved out .to I'rovo, where JJie
mormon tort stood and camped Hilars
until the flr-.st of October. Our iouh
pany now conuiMert of 110 wagons n
the owners of the wngona entered Into
a contract with Captain Hunt, a Mor
mon who had commanded a regiment
of Mormons in the Afexieau war, to
pay him $10 for each whkoii, to guide
the party through to Los Angv.lnH, i
"October came on and the Keenm!
day we started on the finnj -trip. We
had passed thelaxt civilized hahlta
tion and the Great Ainerlean Desert
was before ua. On October 20 we
reached Little Halt Lake and here ils
where our trouble .began.- .We were
traveling by a map irnule by Fremont..
Accoraing to it and the courae we wr
traveilntf, we ooncluderj tliat we wmlld
land 600 miles bouIIi of the ininea for
which Sve were heading. A utiaiKht
western course would -take iim to he
San Joaquin valley, which wuh within
800 miles of the rnlneHv This route
was marked 'unexplored" on Fremont's
map. i
"After much discussion the original
'Jayhawkers,' , as we had nutned ithe."
Galesburg party, who were followed
by a few others, Htruck out holdlv
for the west. Captain Hunt stayed
with the main body. But a few da;
later we were overtaken by the Wlioln
train under Captain Hunt, who waa
protesting vigorously. He warned u,
but we wouldn't turn back. Water
and graes kept getting uctircer.f but
we plodded on until the tenth day.
"Here we came to what waa termed
the . 'Jumping off place.' We were on
the brink of an abrupt break in-the
mountain and below us, fully loon
feet, lay an even, barren plain, which
street hed out monotonously uh far an
the eye could see. riiB.,Jayhg)vlerii
were not of the turning back (kind.
We pitched camp and called itlTov
erty Point.' J
"There was neither grass nor Water.
Members of the party descended jhe
mountain and some of them returned
with a poor quality of water frorfi Nt
snrino s.t the foot Hhe stock hud tr
go without water and were compelled
to make out on small buncnea or graos.
found growing wiiorr the crevtcos of
the rocks. -
After two days of stubborn discus
sion all. excem our part v. the Jar-
hawkers," and a fewfollowers turned
back for the old Spanish trail."
The Ragtime Muse
lie's Better Now.
The family move about with stealth
There's eomethlng wrong with Fred-
ale heal til.
A malady unkind and grim
Has made a howling peat of hltn
Hla templea throb, his tonaUs swell,
But not too much for him to yell. . '
There's nothing that he wants to eat:
They've sought to tempt him with a
- treat.
It la no use. They can t decide
On anything they have riot tried.
I'oor, mother thinks that he will die.
And there's a tear In sister's eye.
Wilt father .never come?" He's slow!
Thev called him half an hour nn't.
They pace the floor and sob in fear.
And mother -atop" to whisper, "Dear.
Do take these drops the doctor left.
He spills them in a manner deft.
"In piercing i, tones, he' shout.": "Co
-wayj- .
But father comes and bids them stay.
As silence falls he says, "Kit up
And drink that mixture in the cup.
That's right, i Lie down." He turns.
- and-then,
"Don't let rne hear Wthat howl asraln."
The Sunday Journal
The Great Home Newspaper,
consist ol
Four news sections replete with
illustrated features.
Illustrated magazine of quality.
Woman's pages of rare merit
.Pictorial news supplement.
Superb comic section.
5 Cents the Copy