The Oregon daily journal., March 06, 1915, Page 4, Image 4

THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL. PORTLAND; SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 6,
1915.
Tl I T I "N I m fw I A I - 5 ander when be swam the narrow
I rl CL JVJU rxINrAL. strait to keep his secret tryst with
'an ixnuf'KxrttNT yr.vrnyipr.il f th-i ; beautiful priestess of Aphro-
piur I dite. One fatal nirht he perished
Jn ; the rouh waters and on find
C a, ....JACKSON-.
IXMjdwbed every evening except Siindey aatf
rery Kan4u rom-ntrg t Tb Journal Bollr.-li-s
Broadway ot Vmi'l ata Portland. Or.
c-Dtereo at tbc ptu(fl at Portland. Or., (or
traitfmtsaloa tbroueb Balls . as second
Haw mat tar. i f
1. LEHIO.VE8-Main TITS; Bom A-SOSl. All
departments reached by thea onmbera. xclt
tee operator what 'epartmrnt too ycL
tUKfciGN AlfVKHI l.SI.NQ HEP. KMCNTAT I V
- Benjamin & Kent nor Co.. Bninlc Bide..
25 Fifth ae New i'orH. 12IS JrVowta'a
. Bids., rblrago. t
"""Oacrtpttun itrmt jy ctfttl or to any a
dreaa la lb United istNrea or Mexico:
. - i DAILY
.One year S5.ee ' ote nontb....
SUNDAY
' Ooa year I2.&U one mouth...-.
Daily and euNDAt"
On year. .. . . . .$7.6J One mootb ...
f .60
$ .23
t 63
ing his body on the shore next
morning Hero flung herself int
the sea and was drowned.
Lord Byron ivim the Meander
course on May 3. 1810. Others
have also successfully breasted the
waves of the ; Hellespont.
THE GHOWING UXKEST
A'
St-
ti-
No man Is quite sane. Each
has a view of folly in his
composition a Blight determi
nation of blood to the head, to
mae sure of holding, him hard
to ifcomn one point which he
has- taken to heart. Emerson.
XO FE1)EILL aid
GONGRESS, in its last hours,
refused to set aside the de
sired 450,000 for reclama
tion In Oregon. " An item ap
propriating $450,000 for the pur
' . pose was placed in the Sundry Civil
t ' (fill, and was supported strenuous
ly by Secretary Lane and the Ore
- gon 'members. But the item failed
SINGLE house of forty mem
bers to supplant the present
system of a house and sen
ate, is proposed for Califor
nia by a measure recently intro
duced in the legislature of that
S3 ' state.
A similar measure, proposing a
single house of twenty-four mem
j bers Was among the measures in
i troduced. in the Idaho legislature
at the present session
'I At the 1914 election, 62,376
votes were cast for abolishing the
state setfate in Oregon
I These are signs f unrest. Peo
ple are not ; satisfied ' with whit
they get from legislatures. They
are groping blindly for deliverance
They want something more de
pendable, more efficient
The wide adoption of the initia
tive and referendum is further evi
dence of the growing dissatisfac
tion with legislatures. It is pro-
of passage because, as stated in a ; test. It is rebuke. It is remedy
news dispatch, "the Oregon legis- ! But it has not checked agitation.
lature . did not act favorably on
the matters themselves."
. The Journal believed at the
time, and believes still, that the
legislature should have actetf If
the proposal had been for an out
right appropriation of money that
was never to return to-the state,
there might have been reasonable
grounds for objection,
, But it was not to. be an appro
priation. It was to be a loan, a
loan that meant but 45 cents to a
property owner who pays taxes on
$1000. It was to be a loan in
which the principal was to be re
turned, with interest.
What is more Important, the ac
tion was not only to be a loan, but
it was to be matched by an equal
appropriation from the federal gov
ernment. It meant the Expendi
ture in. this state during the next!
A one-house legislature, like a
two-house Tegislature would be a
question of membership. It is the
men. who make or unmake a ses'
sion.
There is no doubt as to the suc
cess of a single body-if the mem
bership. committee .? assignments
and .officers were always like the
late House at Salem. It was a de
liberative body. IL was free. It
was unbosssd and unmachined.
Butwhat would be the situation
with a single house like the late
Senate? Especially, what would it
be with a governor in harmony?
They say the Senate would have
been less bold, less high-handed if
there had been no house on which
to force division of responsibility.
To this division of responsibility is
ascribed much of the legislative
deviltry.
That is true. But on the Other
twrt venrs nf $9 ft ft ftftfl f n ennncra
tfvo rprimxtinn nrb an.h wid ' hand, there would remain, in the
have given impetus to all Eastern
Oregon and in the benefits of
which all the state would have
' shared.
The true vision of a greater and
better Oregon is to be found "in
a broad policy of continued devel
opment of every section, notably in
the agricultural districts. As Gov
ernor Withycorabe truly said In his
message to the legislature, it is
not so important to get people here
as to have something for them to
do when they get here.
Before we can reach that high
development which we all insist
is" desirable for Oregon, there is
one truth that we must all admit:
It is not possible 'for us to get
anywhere in that development by
merely lifting on our own bootstraps.
lease of a single house, a similar
division of responsibility with a
harmonious governor.
And there would remain the
emergency clause with which to
keep legislation beyond the reach
of the people!
IN THE DAY'S NEWS
M
A
IN PASSING
NEWSPAPER lives on thef
RS. SOPHIA LEVY arrived
in San Francisco to visit the
exposition; Her remains
will be returned to her
Staten Island home in a coffin.
A "beauty doctor" attempted 16
remove from her face, the freckles
about which she had been sensitive
since girlhood. She died half an
hour after a dote of morphine and
atrophine had been administered
and while the doctor was applying
a solution of carbolic acid to the
I facial blemishes.
j How fortunate It would be' if
poor mortals could only be con
vinced that it is something be-
Its success is - their success. ! . T, . .,
,r.i i. ... , . fthe man or woman! It isn t the
support its patrons give it. !
Its success is their success.
Throughout its existence.
there has constantly been put back , , , 4U . . .
if ; i , . ? headgear, but the mind and the
into The Journal in improvements. . r i ,
th mnn.v thot .fo f.L lf. sl heart eentle purpose that make
- . v . to jravi uuo paid it.
for service. 'The more generous
the people's patronage, the more
The Journal has given them back
in bettered service.
That is why The Journal has
never stood still. It never drifts.
It never slips backward. It al-
woman lovely.
It isn't the cut of his coat or
the crease in his trousers but the
guidance by his conscience and the
ends he aims at that make man
a m-a-n.
If . poor Mrs. Levy had only
a casket.
N ATIONA LIT V , I N MUSIC
tu .:Z' TX:..tl l""!have been in freckles, but not in
; It buys and puts at the service
of Journal reader the best up-to-j
the-minute equipn.ent. U com- j
mandeers and devotes to the service j
of Its great Journal family every'
available facility for news, and the
best newspaper brains and experi
ence to be obtained.
In perfecting and organizing its I
news, staff of editors and reporters, I
T
HE unreasonable lengths to
which the sentiment of pa
triotism may be carried is
well illustrated by a recent
incident in a fashionable restaurant
in London.
The orchestra swung, into the
. X A i -
J: 1 , JU c aayanced ,Mr. Fred 'music of the barcarolle from Offen
uen, city editor, for the past four , bach's "Tales of Hoffman." Ira
years, to the position of -assistant mediately there was a near riot,
to the news editor, and haSlsecured , Richly dressed women . shouted.
Mr. O. C. Leiter, t late c ty edi- j "stop it, it's 'German," and several
tor of the Oregoniin, rnd one of men in swallowtailed coats made
the most widely known newspaper a dash for the bewildered mu-
rrf. uresn' aa c"y editor. sicians. The orchestra leader ex-
The change is an episode In The; claimed, frantically, "Offenbach.
Journals daily life that will doubt-' he never was German; he was
eaa ue lutsresung IO its triends. French." Order was not restored
,u,rnn,n I until the barcarolle was stopped.
)l..Af A ik . e - i . -i
N ANCIENT times tbe Dardav r D , age 01 xouneen ne went
nelles was known as the Helles- i : , '"'""'V B-umc m
pont or Sea of Helle. It was so 1 1 6 Irat,c rko were com
called hcaise Men. th : I,osed and fIrst produced. Although
ter of Athamas, a mythological' Germn b accident of birth he
king of Greece, was drowned there j11 VrJnch iQ,hif
The. modern name. narHanan ! "" al"".," is maue
: i Iheiro
comes from two castles which "pro-
tect- tne narrowest part and pre
serve the name of the citv of
cant fact In connection with them
bein g that they were taken from
sweat-shop districts In large cities
and placed on the land.
Cooperation is the guiding prin
ciple j of 1 this society. Loans are
made for , a long period at a low
interest fate and are repayable in
moderate annual installments.
The annual payments, which are
slightly above what is usually paid
for interest, liquidate the debt in
ten or twenty years, and the bor
rower owns his farm free of in
cumbrance. . i, ' .
The society doe not furnish the
farmer money and then leave him
to work, out his own salvation
During 1914 it found places for
937 farm laborers at a cost' of
$1.13 for the placing of ; each la
borer. Loans were made not only
for the purchase of farms, but
also for the purchase of stock and
implements, a few loans being
made to pay off mortgages and for
supplying working capital.
An important feature of . the
society's activities is the scientific
instruction it gives in every de
partment of farming. At a small
cost to each individual they are
taught how to ; raise hogs, make
butter, care for poultry, the pur
pose being to promote efficiency
and thus make the farmer a better
risk" while he is being 'financed
by the society.
THE GREATER OREGON ARMY
W
HY should not Governor
WithycOnibe convene the
legislature in extraordinary
session?
There are not jobs enough to
go around. Even the spoilsmen's
bill does not give the governor
enough places to distribute among
his clamorous friends. It is a
direct and heavy handicap in our
progress towards "a greater Ore
gon." Olcott and Kay have old
fashioned notions of permitting
heads of state institutions to ap
point employes on a basis of ef
ficiency. On that ground, they re
fused to make a place in the peni
tentiary for Dad Hunter, who ren
dered valiant service for "a greater
Oregon" in the campaign last
fall, and for which the governor
urged his immediate appointment
to a place In the prison. .
And there is Joe Keller, another
soldier In the trenctts for a greater
state. The law creating a new pa
role board and along with it a
parole officer at a salary of $125
per doesn't go Into effect ; quick
enough. Not until May will the
hew salary be available, and that
is a long, long time for , a filthf ul
supporter to wait for his Job.
Persevering under difficulties
and restive under the restraints of
the law Governor Withycombe
named Mr. Keller as parole officer
and sent him to the prison for im
mediate duty, but Warden Lawson
demurred because there was no
vacancy. ' And there you" are.
"Oh my rrienas; Oregon is a
great state," as Shakespeare once
said; but how can it be made
greater when there are so few jobs
in the vineyard?
Why not reconvene the legis
lature and, under the emergency
clause, pass an enabling act for
Keller?
opposed by Democratic and ? Pro
gressive members, i;
The convention, bill has under
gone many changes of provision
Bince its introduction. In all pro
posals, the -purpose has been to
provide for conventions for, making
platforms, for pledging candidates
thereto, and for naming a list of
candidates to be recommended to
the voters in the primary. The
general program Is identical with
the assembly scheme disastrously
attempted In Oregon in, 1910, and
brought to the front again by ini
tiative proposal at the last election.
The bill prohibiting the circula
tion of initiative and referendum
petitions is similar to t,he measure
introduced In the late Oregon Sen
ate by Senator Day. but which even
the Senate machine had not the
courage to drive through, due
probably to the certainty that it
cculd not pass the more repre
sentative body of legislators in the
un bossed lower house,
There is no question as to the
ultimate effect of the two Wash
ington proposals if translated into
law. The convention : bill would
ultimately destroy the direct pri
mary, and the abolishment of the
right of petition would throw the
initiative and referendum into
disuse. '
Both plans spring from the view
cherished among high-brows, poli
ticians and special interests that
average men have not the capacity
to participate in public affairs,
and, accordingly, must have guid
ance and advice.
THE JOURNAL
NATIONAL EDITORIAL
"SIMPLIFYING STATE GOVERNMENT"
PUBLIC INDEBTEDNESS
F
IGURES compiled by the cen
sus bureau show that in 19 1 3
the aggregate net debt of na
tional government, states and
minor civil divisions was $4,850,-
460,713. Of this total, $3,475,
954,353 was owned by the minor
divisions, including cities, counties
and school districts. The nation's
net debt was $1,025,564,055, and
that of the states $345,942,353.
The figures are interesting be
cause they Indicate the relative im
portance to taxpayers of municipal,
state and national governments.
The net debt of American munici
palities more than doubled between
902 and 1913, and nearly quad
rupled between 1890 and 1913.
In the longer period, state debts
increased 70 and the national debt
0 per cent.
Still greater contrast is fur
nished by figures showing the per
capita debt. In 1890 the per; capita
ational debt was $13.60, but in
creased population brought it
own to $10.59. in 191?; There
was a slight increase in the per
capita state indebtedness, from
$3.39 to $3.57, but in the case of
minor political divisions the in
crease was pronounced.
The net per capita indebtedness
of municipalities was $14.79 in
1890; in 1902 it was $20.74, an
increase of 40.2 per cent .in twelve
years; and in 1913 it was $35.81,
an Increase of 72.7 per cent in
tlje next eleven" years,
ilt is not surprising that the ag
gregate debt of municipalities
should increase, but that it should
nearly quadruple in less than a
quarter of a century is amazing.
The figures are evidence that tha
taxpayer who wants to know what
becomes 6f his money should spend
some of his time studying local
governmental problems. . . -
1
is no (nationality in art.
JEWISH COOPERATION
Dardanus in the Troad, famous for
the treaty (between Sulla and Mith- j
ridates, signed In 84 B. C. The I
shores of- the strait are formed by
T
HE Jewish Agricultural So
ciety, j an offshoot of the
Baron de Hirsch Foundation,
nas made-its 1914 report. It
T' 7' s ; 1 . 7 , " cu " 1 uas maae iis report. It
the mainland or Asia Mir.or an J shows what has been done in the
the peninsula of Gallipoli. The av
erage; widtii of the strait is be
tween one and four miles.
The strait of the Dardanelles
was crossed by Xerxes by means of
furnishing jof" rural credits and
otherwise assisting Jewish farmers
without waiting -for state or na
tional laws.
Loans have been made to Jewish
a bridge of "boats. It is also noted : farmers ,In j thirty-four rtates. In
the fifteen years ihe society has
been in existence,! it nas granted
more than 3000 loans, aggregating
more than" $2,t 00,000. The as
sisted farmers are all succeeding,
and some of them are becoming
comparatively wealthy, the signifi-
for a similar exploit by Alexander
the Great. One of the pretty le
gends that cluster around .the spot
is that of Hero and Leander. Ac
cording to the story Hero would
place a lighted lamp in the tower
of his castle' at night to guide Lie
s'
By DE. CHARLES FBEMON'T TAYLOR
UBING the five years from 1909
to 1913, inclusive, our state legis
latures made 62,014 laws! Such
an astonishing output of legislation
has never been seen in any' other part
of the world. What we need Is not
more laws, but fewer, and better.
gjyyyawwajw?.uj!w?;s 1 ne ave r age
iegismior serves
only for a sin
gle term. During
that time there
is usually but
one session . or
the legislature
ana in many
states the length
of session is 11 m
ited to 40, 60
or 90 days. The
Br. Cbas. X. Taylot average legislator
has had absolutely no previous
preparation for his responsible du
ties as a lawmaker. At the end of
his first term he is usually succeeded
by another as devoid of preparation
or experience as he. This is true-of
the vast majority of the members
Qf ..all our state legislatures.
When we consider the crude -material
constituting our legislatures,
we cannot be surprised at the crudity
of the product, nor at the awkward
attempt to make ' up for quality by
increasing the quantity.
a a
We shall never have a better qual
ity of prcjduct until we have a better
quality of legislators. The first step
in attaining this object is to reduce
the number. For example r New
Hampshire has 405 members in the
lower house;; Vermont, 243; Connec
ticut, 255; Massachusetts, 240; Penn
sylvania, 207, etc. The members of
the upper houses are less numerous,
none going above 100, but as a rule
they also are far too numerous.
Undoubtedly our state legislative
product would be better If state legis
latures were to consist of a siryrle
body only, of a few members and
well paid, chosen with reference' to
their preparedness and ability for
the responsible and difficult task of
law making. Why keep the old tra
dition of two legislative bodies? In
the last decade Over three hundred
municipalities have abandoned the old
form and adopted a single and small
legislative body, usually of only three
or five members.
Uncontrolled authority concentrated
in a small body might be a tempta
tion to party machines and corrupting
corporations to get control of such
body. In which event the danger of
legislation In the Interest of political
machines and powerful corporations
would be greater than at present.
yet municipalities which have thus
concentrated legislative authority
have avoided these dangers by .'pro
viding for the referendum. No sen
sible corporation will buy legisla
tion from legislative body which
cannot "deliver the goods." The ref
erendum prevents the delivery of any
legislative "goods" not wanteC fey the
voters. In this way the corrupt
after the. moat careful consideration
and investigation. One such - law
would serve the public better " than
a hundred ordinary laws. Laws
would then ' be simjple, easily under
stood and far reaching..
The-. small legislative bodies (com
missions) of municipalities have also
been given ' large appointive and execu
tive powers. This is contrary to the
old theory of complete separation of
legislative and kdmlnistrative depart
ments. This ccjmbinin of the legis
lative and executive powers and re
sponsibilities in the same hands works
well In our regenerated ' municipal
governments. It has always worked
well in other I countries where the
separation idea never took root. . The
concentration makes for simplicity
and efficiency, and it is entirely safe
when guarded by the referendum for
possible legislative errors or venality,
and by the recall for possible . of ficiaj
incompetence or. crookedness.
The future state government will be
simpler and more efficient than the
present state governments; and at the
same time It will be more respon
slve to .popular needs and wishes.
These desirable Improvements will be
achieved by adopting the plans that
have proved successful elsewhere.
The separation, Idea will be aban
doned, and greater powers, both legis
lative and administrative, will be con
centrated in fewer hands. But the
referendum and recall will always be
on guard to insure faithfulness to the
interests of the general public, in
stead of service to party organizations
and powerful corporations. What
state will be the first to see this
pattern?
New . York's constitutional conven-
tidwjrill sit in April, and it will
struggle with the problem of state
government probably until next Sep
tember. The subject of a constitu
tional convention is being seriously
discussed in many other states,
notably in Illinois and Pennsylvania.
The need is for short constitutions.
giving a simpler and more efficient
state government. The steps toward
this goal are a shorter ballot, fewer
elected officers, with larger powers,
and with the possibility of direct
control by the voters in order to pro
tect against possible abuse of con
centrated powers.
Copyright. 181B.
Letters From the People
(Communications aent to Tba Journal for
publication In tbis department should be writ
ten on only one aide f- tiie paper, should not
exceed 300 worda in length and muat be ac
companied by tbe name and addresa ot the
tender. It the writer does not desire to nave
toe name! published, be should no state.)
"Discussion la the area teat of an reformera.
It rationalizes eTerything it touches. It robs
principles of all false canctlty and throws them
back on their reasonableness. If they have
ho reasonableness, it ruthlessly crushes them
out of exUtence and sets up its own conclusions
it- their stead." Woodrow Wilson.
Osteopathy and Legislation.
Topeka, Kan. March 1. To the
Editor of The Journal I have received
a copy of The Journal marked on the
osteopathy bill. It is fine to see Dr.
Moore and other D. O.'s in this good
fight. I have been at It here for 16
years. We got a bill over, two years
ago, for a board of our own. Now
about 20 D. O.'s seem to think a law
similar to What the Los Angeles peo
ple wanted in Oregon is what we want.
If It should pass, as they desire it to
do, then osteopathy as an independent
system will be lost as far. as the t. o. a
ever being heard of fn Kansas. If we
are merged in a . bill along with the
M. D.'s it will be like the big snake
when it swallowed ,- the small one
2500 M. D.'s In Kansas; 250 D. O.'s.
1 have never read a paper as full of
news on the legislature as your paper.
It surely hits the loan sharks and
others. We could not get as much
about osteopathy In a Topeka paper as
you print, unless we paid 50 cents per
inch. But this is not Just what I
started out to write.
Osteopathy was born in Baldwin,
Kan., in 1870. Its founder, now h7
years old. has lived to see a prophet
honored in his own country.
I see Hie legislature has. made a
large appropriation for a medical
school. Do you think the state should
educate M. D.'s? We are trying It in
Kansas, calling it a university educa
tion. Now every two years we are
asked for a large turn of money fo
carry on the work we do. Some go
there because the lav permits poor
children and others to receive treat
mertt.'but at the same time if the citieB
had good free hospitals for the poor
it would probably do Just as well. I
am not kicking on;helpttig the poor and
afflicted, but am not in fnvor of any
state educating M. D.'s. Iet them pay
as other M. D.'s and D. O.'s have.
DR. C. E. HULETT.
PERTINENT COMMENT AND NEWS IN BRIEF
SMALL , CIIAN'GU
Contentment; may mean lack of 'de
sire. . i '
!'
Better a good paying job than a low
salaried position. I
-j
Fortune is Of tela kind to those on
whom she frownsi
-
A tombstone is the dividing line be
tween here and" over there. '
Many a man ha a great head from
other than intellectual causes.
The fool never! etoos to count the
cost until the blli collector calls.
A tourist without money is a tramp,
and a tramp with money Is a tourist.
-
And many a man has ruined his
eyesight sitting in a saloon looking
for work. i
With the exception of lovemaking.
there are many jnew ways of doing
old things. i
About three minutes after starting
an argument with a woman -a man
realises that he in tip against it.
Possibly an honest man might be
otherwise ,if anj opportunity worth
while were to knock at his front door.
The small boy (enjoys coasting, but
the averaife man' finds that he can
go downhill fast enough without a
sled under him. I
f
A, man thinks 'jhe needs a new suit
when his old one is almost worn, out.
A woman knows that she needs a new
drees when one of the neighbors buys
one. t
A noble, self sacrificing woman will
go ahead and liye for her children's
sake, even if poverty compels her to
make out on only such things as she
really needs.
OREGON SIDELIGHTS
Bu gene's new fire truck made its
first run last Sunday night, and the
Register says of.it; "The little ma
thine stftin along the street much fast.
er than rtie larger truck ever did. The
firemen are well satisfied with It."
The Baker Democrat asserts that
Increased, innulry . concerning -Baker
county lands is very noticeable as
spring approaches and many new set
tlers will result. Every available
liomestead tract in Baker county is company
us mea upon. I are expec
J " . .. . . . .. . the- for
: in.? iirariy rvery winter we nave
IN EARLIER DAYS
By Fred Lot kjcy. , r j
X
In a. letter dated Suit I.aUej $ity,
October 1, 1K5, an old-time Oigolnian
interestingly describes his trip; from
Portland to Salt Lake City. Inl ljioe
days Oregon's' longest railnmi j was
the l3-mUe stretch jo f road aroujnii th
Cascades near The DalKs. 1"Hfl Irip
was made by boat and stage. Jib feuyi
"We crossed the Snake riVqr at
Old's Ferry, the proposed j starting
point of the Oregon Steam Navigation
s new line of steamers; i-hlch
ctcd to ascend jthe rlvrffrom
p 2'U0 milr-K. i ' A jcontlnU4 ride.
say i
many summer-like days, this winter." Z "I. " v" V ' 11 !
ys the Tillamook Herald, "has been I Try V:, w'." V J r'1 ra",rn T ' PDOH
tuning cuwuKu lui stage htsi:iimi?i, arm
a
y
exceptionally fine. Outdoor operations
have " been carried on without much 'We reach Boise City, ) Time from jWiU
hir.derance and the roada have been I Walla, two and a half days: fard slxt
good most of the time." I dollars, coin, exeet-t unon '6ut..iLLon
T . t,, .. . . , L nay. wnen it isi forty .dollars. "i
Lebanon Express: Chester A. Lvon. I ..i.' . . J. . i . Li I. . .
Of the Bisr Rrothr Vurrr. fnr Wovb I- . "r e"u lU'-'Kei
liavinsr nrlntert In this ff..j th. firt i mm. no wivimnun u.ni i nm-
number of The Big Brother Farm Bui- cteri and powetf it this country
letin. an eight-page paper which he I Georgei F. Thomus is pf Irish i-x true-
will publish quarterly. The pages are tioa. Formerly Kiel ws a " -kiwi; lit i of
11x16 inches in nfxe. Two thousand I th whin in tir.ri ii-irn.i.J w.-. '.u l ;
copies are being printed. . . fornltt.i with th ;i'rlJ. .lvPniurer: to
La Grande Observer: Just as a I'Ti r .'v'M"r. ":"' "l
rominrf.. mtrhr v, well oii ih. ne wflann) a! liirtTo BtocKIKi tlt'T In
attention of the Union horse show 1 .--anioijnia ff tage company, ana
committee that the snow is orr thelwa ror some years its vice-president.
mountain and the green grass will In that canacitv hbi'ent.ahliithi-rl itVo HriM
soon be here. Indicating that arrange- front Kacrumento to I'ertland in Ore-'
"e,us W1" D ,u" ,or l" Kre" geu, residing iu Oregon for a while.
norse snow oi eastern uregun in aune. itnt. v i.Ji.,.... , ... ,j
a - I , .. ... ua.i,,ri Ul Jt
nnn.n. n m.nJotano.a I " l62. he! sold his IiitercstH ami re-
the Hermiston Herald argues;: "Street! I "iK-nied his j positjjdrt ih the i Caiiforni;
pmewam ana otner improvements ana nuj, u;na reinqvea to walla vvailu,
reuairs are. slow and difficult. The 1 from whence ha
charter is conflicting, ynceruin in stantly shifting fiide of mining travel
mnnyJnstances and unwieldy through- demanded. (Afterwards. Colonel Huik.l
out. A charter covering every need of ioiniirtr hiJn thAt-T , v.U,.-i nLI- n. 1
Hermiston for years to eome could be ll "i"8..1 W ! fended their line
drawn that would he.aimnla in ooera- rut Mir. wonstrucung, at very
t,nn vet ffrttx'o Whw nnt hin mrK I "yy outlay, tn UlUe Mountain road.
a charter?" . ; I tin Is a (sensible; Wliole-ttnulied, hos
pitable 'Irish gjjntlenian,' fond of a
Q,uiti glass, a good story or Joke, and
ni iaot ap rAii r-A a r-v nnairv rr- i nrr
unHni ur rMiuruMU duimu rmoto aid to b the w judge of a iior
on the Facif o coast
By John) M. Oskison.
Eleven years ajgo the average price
of twenty-five standard railroad
bonds listed on -the New York stock
exchange which Imeans -that they have
an active market) was 49. That is;
you could have bonds of a face value
of J1600 for 94p. .
In 1905 the price of these bonds
rose to 101; in- 1906. it fell to 100; a
year kater the price was 97; in the
83; aid in the early months of 1908,
they skidded to 83. .
Within six months, however, these
bondaj had recovered to 96," when their
average price began to fall slowly.
There! were small recoveries in the
line of fall until! near the end of; 1913,
whenf there was a quick drop to 85.
Thenjthey went jup one point, dropped
nearlj a point, then rose sharply to
SS tfiat was in Ithe spring of 1914.
Wnfcn the European, war broke out.
the price of these 25 railroad bonds
plunged swiftly;) It stood at 84. when
the stock -exchange was closed.
On ithe -reopening of the exchange
the average price of these bonds was
Rl the lowest figure In 11 years. An
Colonel J. S.
Immediate imnrovment In nrl hi- I "UCKel went early from Newi York to
ran. At the timn this Is written they -a-urprniai and thence to Oregon, wlth-
t.ave reached 84.
Wlipthwr n. Tint th- - bnni4a
riRB slMdllv or hava artlnn I rtnlnaided, he constructed tile first' rail-
pot know. Of this, however, I feel I ro"a ,n territory, along I the Cas-
certain: They -are cheap at 84. In- 1 Mef' ana DUM lne Mountain Buck.',
vestors Who put their money into I ws among toe rirst steamer
them at this . price are going to re- mi me waters or tne uoiumDia.
mr,,i it....t mA I Afterwards . h fmersed rallronJ and
by an appreciation in price If they u e uiegon oumm iavi-.
hold them for two or three years. f,'' -orl ora ooay wun
If. in two years, these bonds rise to VJ V. - Ru owning
90. (a point. they fell from al latel-jut f" JTie swamers and controlling all. the
the middle of 1913) the Investor will DUSness lor th Columbia river, ho bt-
havn aridari to hl reirhlac lnara.t r. lu"" prominent memoer or lii com-
turn 3 ner cent a. var. - I q bwiuo .nine 41s supfrinienaeni,
I, A ., ,.
Such is the attraction of standaril !"'" m"")r wresiueni. lie nas now ,
long-term railroad . bonds that pay a nowevjer, .ana- is Devoting his
moderate rate of interest return. Not I Tf h and "t1-.10 nnnltig and stivg-
eo low, either, when you consider their HirJ n. J . A l . , , J
r,Z.ot ttm,, I To illustrate.' the vie ssltudes of m n-
$840 put Into a-bond paying 4ft per ,nl lite ,tells the experiences of
cent on a face value Of $1000, It Is f.?J!fe ac!lualnlhce8 he found In Idaho.
better than 6 1-3 per
cent as a probable Increase
during the year, and you
.standard listed bonds liava merit aa
an investment even in these times of
high pay and increased demand for
capital.
Of 11000 It Is BQnfe acquaintances he found In Idaho,
cent Add S nr '.'"9 was anj excellent gentleumn, a
n'crease of pHce' uJy,r .bf Orn .n'd ability," he
irou will see that wrJjte. J wn sjonceSheld ani Important
"enlarged homestead- act. He may be
able thus to acquire more than hla de
sired additional 0 acres by expending
the same time land effort.
A BACKWARD MOVJGMKXT
T
HERE isV effort to get away
from the direct primary and
the initiative and referendum
in the, state of Washington.
The Sbarpstein bill allQws a po
litical party to indorse, i by conven
tion, a slate of candidates and give
the indorsees j preferred places on
the primary ballot. Another bill,
which has passed both houses, pro
hibits ! the circulation- of initiative
and ; referendum ; petitions. Both
bills are sponsored by Republican
legislators, and both are vigorously
lobby has been killed in these munici
palities, as is shown by the improved
character and efficiency of thir gov
ernment.' And the referendum has
been actually used very few times.
Its mere presence tn the charter
guards the people against' vicious
legislation. Just as the mere pres
ence of a policeman' usually Insures
good order in a public placoj
This brief glance at the improve
ment in municipal government sug
gests the proper way to Improve state
government. A constitutional con
vention will meet In Albany, New
York, early in April of this year for.
the purpose of proposing a riew con
stitution for that great state. Will
this convention break the traditions
of the past, and provide a state gov
ernment cast in a modern mold? fWili
it provide ; for a single legislative
body, of few members, well .selected,
well paid,' and Well prepared for their
task? ; . This body .would give ' Its en
tire time to Its work, and would pro
mulgate' .laws as . needed, and ' always
Kmmer.
Albany, Or., March 2 To the Editor
of The Journal I see someone asks
about spelt, pr emmer, and as a reader
of The Journal I would like some
more Information regarding the grain.
What Is the nature of the grain? llR3
it beards? Is It the same as the old
fashioned goose wheat? Where can it
be obtained, and about what will it
cost? R. F. SIMPSON.
Emmer is a cereal new to this
country. It comes from Russia, from
"where W'e get our best seed. Its great
value lies in its .drought-resisting
qualities and its consequent adapta
tion to the regions of scanty and un
certain rainfall. It is raised both as
a winter and as a spring crop. It is
closely related to the wheats, althougb
the chaff adheres to the grain when
threshed. Yields of 60 bushels, or
four to six tons of good hay, per acre
are reported. It is similar to barley
in growth, but produces two grains in
a spikelet. Sow at the, rate of 75 to
100 pounds per aore. Portland seed
stores charge about 12.75 per 100
pounds for the seed.
A Homesteader's' Kight.
Warnit Or., March 1. To the Editor
of The Journal "if a person filed on
120 acrea of government land, under
the old homestead law, this being all
there was lh this tract, and then, after
18 months' residence, commuted, has
he 'still la right to file on 40 acres
more, to make up the 160 acres?
C. H. Yockup.
. After receiving bis final certificate,
the homesteader can proceed to enter
a non-contiguous tract, of an area suf
ficient to fill out his legal 160 acre
entry. Such second entry, however,
must be taken eubject to exactly the
same requirements as to cultivation
and residence as in the case of the
former, entry. For the further Infor
mation of the inquirer, it may be stat
es that It would be prudent foir him to
inquire of the land office officials as
to what rights he mayhave under the
Trespass' and Cruelty.
CanyonvlUe, dir., March 1, To the
Editor of The Journal If A has good
fences and is surrounded by neighbors
who b.ave turkeys, how . will he pro
ceed to prevent the turkeys from run
ning at large oh his place and eating
bis crop? "
If a person. half feeds his horses
and abusesthemj unmercifully to make
them do-th4 required work, what meas
ures should be taken to prevent -cru
T. W.
as repeatedly stated,
will not' undertake to give legal ad
vice. Evidently a civil action is pro
vided by statute in the case' of the
turkeys and a cjrlminal prosecution in
the case of the) cruel driver.?i Com
plaint might be; j made before al Justice
of the peace.iwho, if he . has not
Jurisdiction, wilt; advise the inquirer
as to procedure to" be taken.
A FEW SMILES
elty?
The JoiiVnal,
American Xeutrnlit jr.
Portland, Majreh 5. To the Editor of
The Journalhe article signed, A
Neutral,'' In Th'$ Journal of March 4,
has the true Ajneriqan ring. Every
word is to the xact point, as we are
all, more esjjectylly at this very crit
ical time, supposed to be loyal Amer
icans in this country, no matter What
one's political ' complexion or differ
ence of opinion. From very close ob
servations the (writer believes this
government is doing its level best to
keep the peace Of this country und of
the world. To j"A Neutral" I extend
the right bend ;of true Americanism.
NATIVE OREGONIA N.
1 , -'
; Unlawful for Minors.
Rainier. Or., Rfarohs 1-rTo the Editor
of ,The jVmrnal! Kindly inform me
through your pftper what the staite
law is ih reference to minors smoking
cigarettes and playing poo, j
I A SUBSCRIBER.
It is unlawful to sell tobacco in
any form to a minor, under 18, without
consent of parent or guardian, and
minors under 1 8 are forbidden to
smoke in publics Minors are forbid
den to lay billiards, pool, dice, cards ;
or other game of chance in any public
place of amusement.
On one occasion
who was - a , switch
tender in Culebra, cut
was found asleep
with his . head rest
ing on the rails of
the switch. - "Dafs
all right, boss," said
the boy when waked.
No train, can get
1DD0intrhent1y111neftf.il x-uh ti.it i'nii..t
States eourtsf of one of j the Pad No
states. He is a graduate of Harvard,
the! son of a! wealthy Bostonlan. who
desires (him to .travel. In) pursuance
of isuch requeHt. accompanied with un
limited -Jettera pf credit, he spent last
raii ana winter at the Stindwich is
lands. Now he Is in the Boise mine.
a Jamaican boy j lh miners garb, with pick and shovel
E5ijas?ffl"2 hard' at work upori a not 0ver-remun-
I
era tive blalmi
Another acquaintance had. in veara
agone, xauen :jieir to a sawmill in ChI
ifornla by the death of a brother: The
mill soon involved him ; ibeyorid his
.billty o pay. land wax sold, leaving
hltn in (iebt. lie remaincdf in that un.,
' i. pieasant conaition until tne nrin.r ,,r
by here widout" me .knowin' ltl" Thel 1863, when. With a small steam snw-
Youth s Companion. I mijil that he rould have almost packed
-.t'-u upon a wacoHi. !he went to Idaho Citv.
Samuel and - Jake arranged a hunt-1 I met jhlrn lat month, just on ttit
ing trip, and were to meet the next I eve or leaving ror the Atlantic -states
morning at Jake's t$ome( whence I VTtn ?t.o00i ih gold. j . ,
they 'were to start. I f f a tiura 1 laiau-known in early, times
Meanwhile riamuei. on me t-aciiic coat as a mun or
passing a show win-1 V ?a.lth. In lsip;atiou ho had nffUHii
daw", had become I dred the mist of it. f;.ilng early m
hypnotised by a I BOIse he sootjl made anothrir 'ralj,' and
pedometer, which he I w" w9rtn sio,op or 5OiO00 in gold.
finally purchased. fw "l wa" Irflat rokn KardH.. whis-
He .was on time in ky and women ere th.il ro ks upon
the mornlna- and I wliich he had ai secoiul time be n
the strange apparatus it ones paurht WCN' I I
Jake's eye. "Whuf 1 dot?" he aakad I ' f'Tne son df ia New England deacon
pointing to it. "DaL' said Samuel 1 1"!"5 etraduatri of a New Englnnd or tho
001, was Keeting a
saloon, and living
1 . . t . . . .
yuh walk I -t1iu i toriuiierciai miss, witu wiirim.
in a mile." I owing to triei) srarHty of clergymen or
Other persons qualified to perform the
Young Lady Von first visit t !ervlc,'l be bad nfcver "matrled. Wh-n
ern ranch) ' Fori - . , I meeti nis relatives tney siwaye tt
what nurooaa dn vnn L. 1 1 OUlre after his welfare, aiwl. anxtouol v
use that coll of Ilns , iA- I J! r n eontinues to love the Loid an l
nn vni.i- .QriHi. if ft jr tMir" 1 1 grow m sracie. 1
w j ...... . v. 1 r mm 11 T
r'nomiin-l... T". - . I f I . XJ -"
v ' I'u." 1 j lint
line, as you call it,
lady, we use for
catching cattle and
horses.
janes eye. "Whut i dot?" he asked, r f
pointing to It. "Dat,' said Samuel. nd graduatefj of
with a superior air, "am a speed' t' ?tlnay sc
ometer." "Yeh? Whut's It ferr ttlluh drinking
"Why, dat tell yuh bow fer yuh walk Wth aj comttjercli
1 w. mrr ' ua
Conquering the World.
Froijn thej! Omaha . Worid-Herald.
rWIthOut flriJiir I h. almt l',.;ii,l
States-j in oindiuering the world. A
Young Ivady I dare say. "Now, may I Belgian banker, in dcscrlbiiig the aid
sent to; that ((country, says that of t!i
f,(00,000 people there who have been
saved from death by starvation bv ihn
American relief ijoiiimisslon,- there J.-
not a man among them w)io would not
be! willing to die In the last. ditch fight
ing fori the Stars (and Btripcs if called
I ask, what do you use for bait?
The Ragtime Muse
No' License Necessary;
Boring.? Or.J March 1 To the Ed
itor of Tlie Journal Please tell me if
a person 'has to i have a license to fishyf
iui sinio ... .i. B -biiiiuj ..vi mi 1111 all my counsel was In vain:
j. M ...v k 1 i j : 1 1 a vuiv 1 a, t 1 '
What Is Known About Earthquakes
From the Atlanta Georgian.
If we measure the magnitude' of
earthquakes byj the darna.se done to
property and thp number of lives lost,
the. one which recently took place in
Italy is among tne three greatest seis
mic catastrophes known to history.
The other two are tho4 which de
stroyed Lisbon (and Messfria.
If we measure earthquake magni
tude by the violence Mt the shocks and
the extent of territory shaken, then
the Assam earthquake is the great
est- recorded. I
In all these leases the shaking of
the earth's surface was due to rock
strata readjusting .themselves along
those deep cracks wbich are technically
called faults. ; -j -
There are occasional earthshakes afe
earthquakes aj-e) more correctly named
which are du to volcanic activities.
But by far the greater number are
caused by. fault-slips tha.t is, the
sliding, either jvertlcally or horizon
tally, of one wall of the rock-fault
upon tthe other wall. i i
After the terribly destructive earth
quake which i leveled Lisbon, It was
found that the; city had been ' built
upon- formation of blue tiny and ter
tiary ehales : and conglomerate.- and
hippurite limestone. The -contact of
the limestoheand the tertiary deposits
was clearly defined, and it was evi
dent that the force of ; the shake,
stopped at the contact, for every build
ing standing oti the blue elay and ter-
Handy Man.
I always feel foreboding grim
When father ntarta n" mm A
Some broken thing that bothers him
1 Know now .it will end,
He dons a. coat tli worse for w,
Ami gloves that once wera whtta
And overalls, and then and there
ne is a perrect sight.
He shouts to me to bring the awl.
1 nca iiamriier aira, some nans.
n to do so. j - j .
LA. correspondent on the north const
f Africa, writing of the work of the
United ((States' consuls thr in securing
protection to( prisoner, lrreupci-tl v vt
nationality, isends a clipping . from .1
Tingler neWHpapfcr in which occur
the following:
I l"Can we lo
Mproeclo hasi: a
anything for America?
few things that Alner-
T To can berevrrfansWalt H 1 ve. and goal-
10 CaU "ever fa"S- , - UWins nd tliingsjof that sort. Hith-
There is. a crash a cry of pain I Wo the states People1 have been con-
i.-ome-quioa: j ve nurt my hand!"ltent to get itnis men naridise by indi
1 run at his command.
ur toois arm utter. 1 insist
That he go Up and dress,
I send, hip off to Dr. Blair,
And than I telephone
For two strong men who can repair'
What father did alone!
cease to build cities over these faults
tiary conglomerates was destroyed, in future times. . '
rejet channele, j Hamburg, Tor Inntatu e.
Why not rnn.kd tHe very easy ariangc-
. . . ; . . . .11-.. . . ,
In nain he howls and hold, hi- ii.r l "-1 'Hr transport; ,j
The basement floor's a mess- fT?'oco!0' to fts -manjf: things tliat
America ; can UB'piy, machinery and
petroleum, w I mention tne first that
tome to one m tthqiiKht; likewlwe a few
foodstuffs, jnolably siigsiir. But tho
great aesiqeratum 1 a direct line or
kteamel's 'trading from New York to
Olbraltar, down ty Moroc-ro coast an-1
home aeaJn.lii And. one thinir moie. .1
while those standing on the limestone I few white men of bunlnebs, to mako
were uninjured. things hum.tj I I I! !
10 put it more piaimv. all that nartl xvnrd nir thi.i ,m,.,i j .....
01 .me town on one iae ot tne aeep faith, ere 'turning from all parts of
i. w.a to pieces, ana ui 1 the world,-v(n (from th. Interior of
on the other side was unhurt. li i.i.m and frionh Siberia ifi,o inr..
There Is 'a- great- deal of pseudo-scl- I n,.. . J,J ii..u..i
entifi- -nnnaenae written .ahant aarth. I JT-V. VST '
quakes such' as attributing them to
planetary Influences, sunspots and
other phenomena of like nature. But
a simple and reasonable explanation is
found in the efforts at readjustment
made by rock strata under arch pres
sure Induced by the earth's crust
shrinking upon a contracting nucleus.
- -Observation shows that earthquakes,
big andMittle,, are constantly occur
ring, somewhere on- the grobe, at an
average sate , of about one In each
half .hour1, .- . .
That -these catastrophes 'cannot be
avoided is certain, and that they can
be predicted, as to time pf occurrence
is move than doubtful. . But It fs
probable that science can accurately
determine the, local geologic faults
along which they are apt to occur in
any given region and that men will
b more in hp f(hr&)soph:y of Tolxtoy
than most 1 vti l av been lticiinefl tu
think. lj: j ! j
The Sunday Journal
The Creit Home Newspaper,
I . . . ' j ;coneits of -
Four news petitions replete with
--.J illustrated features. .
Illastrate'l' majgazine of quality!
Woman's ppacfcs of rare merit
Pictorial nw tupplement.
Superb comic jtectionj J
5 Cents the Copy
lii h 1