THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 28, 1915.
GOOD SHOOTING AT SEa IS A SCIENCE
TURKEY BEGAN FIGHTING VOLUNTARILY
ITALIAN FINANCIERS OPPOSED TO WAR K I VA O
.PEOPLE OF PORTUGAL LOATH TO FIGHT
IN LVVO
MONEY INTERESTS IN
ITALY STAND AGAINST
INTERVENTION IN WAR
King and Royal Family ! e Al-
so Opposed to Joining in
Conflict,
NAVAL GUNNERS HAVE
HARD JOB OF. HITTING
SHIPS AT TEN MILES
1 ' -The
Meaning of Good Shoot
ing at Sea Explained. By. the.
London Corrcspondenl. ' r
FROM FORFIfiN OAPITAI S
. W i a : i a w kBM m -m m iii m mm - -mm-
SITUATION IS ANALYZED
Whils Working-' Classes Would Back
War Against Austria, Other Classes
Tate Different
The ral attitude tt Italr lowrt the war
i aescrHw-d feWow br apeclal coir,mistonr
v with etcepliiHial facllltlea - for gathering- re
staur of invpectkra -by the Inttrnatloual New
- , ; '- "
; By the International News Service. )
; York. -After numerous -conversations
with highly placed parsonages In Rome
and Milan and 'close observation of the
surface -facta as they appear in Italy
VW 1.11,5 UUIltlUDlUII III' T, L I i C I U V ' I 1. -
ly the allies may desire her entry into
the fray, there Is no other reading of
l.ii.k .. I ' i 1 than I . r t -
w.jn uift'i iaij inMii
J. The money intererts and thinking
classes have set their faces against
becoming; implicated in a war against
1 1 u I v ' u fiirtinr uIMai u n . I tha TwlHjairitt-
Jty of the government departing from
this policy is very remote.
The icing Is Against War.
2. Popular sympathy in Italy runs
Very strong against Austria, and con-
.. . . it.. V. nl!U.
3. Tlie king and the royal family
generally are against war which would
pit the house of Savoy against the
Louse of Hohenzollern and Hapsburg.
To a superficial or biased observer
traveling- in Italy, war talk of the
working classes and of a section of
the press might give the impression
that war enthusiasm Is permeating the
nation. As a matter of fact, the war
spirit is confined to thut section of
public opinion which is always swayed
in favor of a war of conquest. "Flashy
oratory which disregards the cold
facts of (he situation has caught up
the working class, but they cast little
weight into the balance because a cam
paign against the war published with
more highly colored rhetoric would
awing .them over to the otherv side to
morrow. At the same tinie, the nationalist
press, which is shouting for war, i
under suspicion.; And here I may say
that the anti-Austrian movement has
been secretly fermented and encour
aged from French sources.
Wealthy Claaaea Opposed, Too.
But while the working classes would
t ack a war against Austria, he think
ing and wealthy classes, the men with
important stakes in the country and
influence In politics, take quite a dif
ferent attitude. With them is the king
and also Signor Gtolitti, head of the
most powerful political party in Italy,
end who, it is expected, will shortly
become premier again with a ministry'
solid for non-intervention.
So much is the king against stab
bing his allies in the back that the
Idea that such a measure might be
forced upon him became quite an obses
inn with him not long ago. - .
The king's opinion, as expressed By
his first cousin, th Count of Turin, at
Ids club in Milan the other day, is
that Italy will not sro to war because
she has no interest whatever in doing
1 v. Mt.Ha hai Tioiifralitv even
HO, I1U IHflk nuiio v . ,
armed and threatening to the Ger
manic powers, may be beneficial to
the country a war would be a great
error.
' "It is the king's belief and one which
I share," said the Count of Turin,
that the present war will end with a
peace treaty leaving Europe in statu
qou ante bellum,"
Fails to See Any Gain.
The government is against plunging
into the great European vortex be
cause it fails to see it gain by fight
ing any territory which it cannot get
without fighting. It is commonly as
serted in: official circles that Prince
v on Buelow has formally offered to
Ttalv the Province of Trentiho as the
price of her continued neutrality and j
has not made difficulties aDout itaiy
staking over Valona and Duraizo,
'which will give her complete command
of the Adriatic and render nil the mili
tary value of Trieste to Austria.
It was a plain fact that the solid
section 'of the country does not crave
lor Austria and Trieste, and it is
equally certain that the intellectual
and business people of Trieste, for
commercial . reasons, shrink from the
prospect of passing from Austrian
rule.
Here again it is purely a question of
business. If Trieste passed into Ital
ian hands the flourishing ports would
be half ruined. From its geographical
position it could not be fed com
mercially and its thriving shipping
business would be destined to stagna
tion and decay.
Commercial Gain Xargs.
The argument that it will rest with
the allies, if they prove the victors, to
award the spoils and that Italy will
get nothing If she holds aloof, is met
at Rome with the retort:
"The ,allies and the Germanic com
batants will fight themselves to a
standstill.: Before peace is declared
we shall be iQ practical possession of
tlie Trentino and able, to confront the
allies with a fait accompli. Would.
ney emoarK on anotner war to ois-
.- The national exchequer has not yet
recovered from the severe strain of
the Tripoli, campaign.
Meantime Italy, is benefiting tre
mendously from the business view-
: point of remaining neutral, and mod
ern Italy ia inclined to take a sordid
'view of its affairs at this critical
moment ,
Berlin May Clamp -Lid
Upon Cabarets
Berlin,-Feb. 2T. While the proprte-j
tors oi large cares are Pleading for
an extension until 2'o'clock of the re
cent 1, o'clock closing order on the
ground that they are facing ruin, the
police are reported to be seriously con
sidering the advisability of forbidding
-all afternoon cabarets and vaudeville
teas. .
Failing to .obtain satisfactory re
sults merely-by ' making appeals, the
police have issued, an order forbidding
the sale to soldiers of all heavy in
toxicants. Virtually, everything but
beer Is placed under the ban.
AV&?-5 iV rizftw SI?- ' r& C'IWv --i r ,7
&J$( 75'5l
- r-i r- . tA I. -J M irVd6' i - - . ' . -
PEOPLE OF PORTUGAL
ARE NOT ANXIOUS TO
Lisbon Dispatches Are Said to
Have Been From British or
French Sources,
, fB the International News Servii-e
Lisbon, Feb. 12. (By Mail to New
York.) Dozens of dispatches have
been sent out through English or
French sources representing Portugal
as about to plunge into the great war
on the side of the allies. Americans
may have wondered why this much
heralded event failed to happen.
The British wish is father to the
thought. There is a war party here,
but the mass of the intelligent Portu
guese realise clearly the folly of em
barking on hostilities if the peace can
possibly be kept. As in the case of
Italy, sentiment for peace has been
augmented steadily by the recurrent
object lessons of misery caused by the
war from Belgium, France, Poland and
Servia.
A Grave Political Crisis.
The war question has caused a grave !
political crisis in the Portuguese re- j
public, now 5 years old. The country i
is under a military government. The i
new caomet is a war cabinet, but it
found the opposition to its- policy far
greater than anticipated. One month
after the war cabinet took office the
president suspended it and called
General Pimenta de Castro to form the
military government which now rules.
The cabinet had put the control of
the government into the hands of a
secret revolutionary party called the
"White Ants." The cabinet found its
stumbling block in the army itself, for
the Portuguese officers are opposed to
joining an expedition to England.
The anti-war newspapers were, se
verely suppressed, but nevertheless the
insurrection against the war cabinet
became so alarming that on January
20, 64 officers were arrested in Lisbon.
Several officers retired when they
learned they might be ordered to Great
Britain.
General Castro's first act after as
suming charge of the government was
to release the 64 officers and restore
their swords to them. He annulled the
suspensions of the newspapers and re-
esiaousnea me ireeaom or the press, j
The insurrection is merely an echo ;
er tne great popular oeuer mat, despite
official statements. Portugal has no
cause for war in Africa, The govern
ment has announced that Germans
have invaded Angola and has given
out the list of dead and wounded. But.
despite popular hatred of Germany, the
government has failed to convince the
public that it did not take the first
step. r
This belief - has been strengthened
by the surreptitious circulation of pri
vate letters from reliable persons iif
Angola describing what has taken
place. .... v , .:
Napoleon's Girth 41 Inches.
Paris.' Feb. ' 27. The. belt worn by
Naplleon at" the battle at Waterloo,
which shows that his girth then was
41 inches, has been presented to the
National Military Museum by Mme.
Pollpot, widow of the military painter.
ENTER EUROPEAN WAR
Would Reward Big
Families in France
Decrease in Birth Bate Suggests Flan
for Nation to Encourage the Raising
of Children.
Paris. Feb. 27. The problem of re
population in France is receiving the
attention of the Academy of Moral and
Political Sciences. Figures were read
at a meeting of the academy, showing
that the number of births annually In
the country during the past 20 years
fell from 860,000 to 750,000. It was
estimated that if a proportionate de
rrease continued for another 20 years
Hie future military classes would be
30.000 below the classes of 1914, 1915
and 1916.
The question was considered so vital
that it was suggested that important
advantages should be accorded fathers
of families having numerous children
and that the idea be generalized that
the normal family comprise three chil
dren. It was suggested also that the
heads of such families be allowed to
share in a proposed recompense.
M. Millerand, the French secretary
of war, issued the following note:
"All reservists and territorials who
are fathers of six children, even though
already serving in the army, will be
incorporated in the 1877 class, which
will he the last Class of reservists to
be called to the colors."
A Million -Germans
To Defend Alsace
Extraordinary Preparations Axe Being
Made for an Offensive Campaign
Against the French Invaders.
Paris, Feb. 27. Refugees, who have
been expelled from Alsace-Lorraine,
assert that the Germans are making
extraordinary preparations to resume
the offensive in that region.
The wife of a foreman at the im-,
portant machine works of Graffen
staben, a town south of Strassburg,
and including Fort Von der Tann,
says that more than 1.000,000 men are
being assembled along the Rhine and
that formidable entrenchments are be
ing prepared, s. Every village is re
ported to -have been put in shape to
sustain a siege.
All the Inhabitants whose German
sympathies are doubtful, refugees say,
are being expelled from the region and
every person showing inquisitiveness
is taken into custody and sent into
Germany. ;
French Soldiers .
Genuine Spartans
Paris, Feb. 27. Georges Clemenceau
says, in an editorial in L'Iomm En
chaine, that General Joffre recently
fpened several hundred letters from
French soldiers and officers to their
families. In order to see that no in
formation as to military movements
was thus being divulged. He found
not a single word of complaint, grum
bling or dissatisfaction, though; the
letters covered a considerable period
tnd represented all grades and sections
of the army. All breathed the spirit of
self sacrifice combined with the firmest-
confidence. :
M Clemenceau- comments; . Wht
an emotioa.for (our chief! What, a
force-for our country ! . I know nothing
finer in history. v
Top, left to right British transport wagon finds hard going on a
rain soaked Belgian road; the frozen ground In Poland has made
trench digging difficult. Accordingly it has become the custom of
Russian soldiers to dig holes in each of "w hich one man may par
tially conceal himself while awaiting the enemy. This photo
- graph shows a group of soldiers so entrenched and wearing a
warm if unsightly, winter head dress.
Bottom, left to right David Lloyd George, the British chancellor of
the exchecquer on the right, and Mr. Montague, director of the
English bank in Paris, leaving the French finance ministry in
Paris on the occasion of the chancellor's recent secret visit
to the French capital; French reservists in a military trafning
camp learning how to shoot; M. Bark, the Russian minister of
finance (on the right) leaving a public building in Paris. i
-
TRAVELING HOSPITAL
USED BY FRENCH FOR
T
Six Automobile Vans, One an
Operating Theatre, Sent to
the Front.
Paris, Feb. 27. A new model trav
eling hospital has left Paris with the
purpose of attending serious cases at
the front. The expedition consists of
six automobile vans, one of which is
an operating theatre. One car is
fitted with a heater for the sterili
zation of bandages and instruments
There are four cars for the person
nel five surgeons, two general prac
titioners and 40 trained hospital at
tendants. The hospital will be established
within the next fortnight, at a point
about 10 miles from the trenches. If
the experiment is successful the au
thorities intend to establish six: simi
lar hospitals, each in charge of a
prominent surgeon. j
This is the first time any belliger-!
ent has attempted to Install a theatre
"for major operations so near the ;
front. Doctor Gosset, a Legion of
Honor officer of the Academy of
Medicine, who is considered the great-'
est Paris surgeon, commands the ex
pedition. The chief physician is a
leading member of the younger school
of -bacteriologists. Dr. Louis Petit,
formerly attached to the Firs't Zou
aves, with whom he served at the bat
tle of Charleroi, in the great retreat
in the battle of the Marne, and in the
pursuU until he was wounded at
Berry-au-Bac, on the Alsne.
In the course of the retreat Doctor
Petit performed a heroic act at
Fimes. for which his colonel, promised
to reward him with a recommenda
tion to the . Legion tf Honor. . He per
sonally conveyed , the wounded In a
wheelbarrow across the river bridge
under . heavy fire, while - the rest of
the regiment was -nnder cover, with
out injury to himself or wounded.
The automobiles used by the hospi
tal : form a part of a- cargo of 500
sent ; f rem' ' -Americ for . . Germany,
which the British seized at ea: They
gave hair to tne French government. J
The staff is provided -with complete
apparatus .for bacteriological work.
MS
SERIOUS
CASES
SIENKIEWICZ DEPICTS
POLAND'S PLIGHT; HAS
NO PART IN THE WAR
Author of "Quo Vadis" Tells
How His Country Has Been
Made Desolate,
London, Ft-b. 27. The Daily News
correspondent. Ernest Smith, writing
from "Berne, Switzerland, says:
"Henryk Sienkiewicz, the famous Po
lish novelist, author of 'Quo Vadis.' is,
like tens of thouwinds of hip compa
triots, a refugee, driven from home
by the war. He is- at Vevey, with the
members of the committee for the re
lief of victims of the war in Poland, of
which he is president. No more ap
palling picture of death, destruction
and devastation has ever been drawn
than that outlined by Sienkiewicz. He
says:
"Poland has nothing to do with the
war. She has ben conquered and par
titioned. She is not one of the bellig
erent nations yet a million and a half
of her sons are fighting- fratricidal bat
tles In the armies of three different
warring states.
"'In Poland there are 15,000 villages
burned and thousands of chapels and
churches damaged. Out of its 10 prov
inces .nine have been occupied by Ger
mans, who seized everything they
found, even to the peasant;' chickens,
The homeless villagers have sought
shelter- in . the forests, where women
and children are dying of cold and hun
ger by the thousands daily.
"'Not a scrap of meat nor a drop of
milk remains for the civil population.
The material losses are estimated at
$500,000,000. Agriculture and every 1&.
dustry has been ruined. . .
-The state of affairs "in Gallicia Is
Just as dreadful ". .
Typhus Epidemic in Bulgaria.
Paris, Feb. 27-rA,Sofla dispatch to
the Balkan agency; says that an epi
demic of typhus fever, which broke out
among Servian prisoners of Bulgarian
nationality sent to Sofia by the Aus
trian authorities, has spread to ; the
J civil s population and ; Is . ravaging : the
regions around Sofia. Plevna and Phil
ippopolis. .Dysentery also Is said to be
prevalent. '
Sajns Blockade Is
Only to Make Stir
Borne Newspaper Declares Germany's
Purpose Is to Arouse Neutral Na
tions Against Great Britain.
Rome, Feb. 27.--Coinmpnting on Ihe
diplomatic exchanges between the
I.'nited States and OXgrmany on the
question of the submarine blockade of
Kngland, the Glornale d'ltalia says: .
"The German note to the United
States does not deny the rights of-,neu-trals,
of which the great American re
public has become the champion, nor
doeg it renounce the threatened re
prisals. Tlie German purpose has now
been revealed. All the noisy and some
what ridiculous maneuvers of the
imaginary maritime blockade had for
their sole object the compelling of
neutrals to make their voices heard in
Kngland asking the British 'govern
ment -to permit provisions to -enter
Germany. r , .
"Germany has been, asserting ' that
the danger of famine was absolutely
non-existent. . As a matter -of fact,
Berlin is seriously anxious and scarc
ity of food already is being felt
among the less well-to-do of the Ger
man civilian population."
Admiralty Clerk Is
"Find of the War"
Winston Churchill Gives Crsdit for the
Safe Transportation of
Former Minor Employe.
Troops to
London, Feb. 27. Winston Churchill,
in ; the course of his speech In tlie
house of commons gave credit for the
wonderful success of the British trantl
port arrangements to Gaeme Thomson
of the admiralty, whom he described
as "one of the discoveries of the war,
a man who has stepped into the place
when the emergency came, and has
formed, organized and presided ovei
performances and transactions the like
of which were never contemplated by
any state in history."
Thomson has achieved a wonderful
rise during the last three months. In
October he was superintending clerk
In the transport department under
Rear Admiral Savory. In November
in the navy list he appeared as hold
Ing the position of assistant inspector
of shipping. By January he had be
come head of this great department
and director of transports.
George Anxious to
Decorate Poincare
England's King Wants to Invest Presi
dent of France with - Insignia of
Order of Garter.
London. Feb. 27. King George is
desirous of Investing President Poin
care with the insignia of the Order of
the Garter. - This dramatic compliment
wsii.T, InvnlvA rflnxidArnbl dnar.
ture from precedent and would neces-
sitate the passing of a special statute.
The actual function will probably take
place during the king's next visit to
the battle, front, which is likely to be
before Easter. ' '
Edward III when he originated the
Garter, did so while meditating an at-
tack ; upon France, Intending that it
xrould serve in honor Of his successes
On .French soil. t!. The Jast time the
Garter was bestowed on a Frenchman,
the recipient was also England's mili
tary ally. Napoleon III.
TURK LEADER DENIES
THAT KAISER CALLED
OTTOMANS INTO WAR
Talaat Bey Says the Porte's
Own Interests Led to Enter
ing Conflict. ; ' "
onstantir.opie. Feb. 27.
Germany or Impelled by any other In-
fluences save those of the empire." . T c!1 t-y-n barely see or, indeed,
,, ,,, . : t ' .. which they do not see, owing to the
said lalaat Bey in a statement made. iact that lht.y are cwted ln tMrrit
In reply to questions concerning the -teel turret-the men at the gun thrust
political military situation in his the shell into Its breach. ' craw in" bc
cpuntry. -hind it the sacks of cordite: and stand
Talaat Bey today fills the post of '. asiJe. Sonewhere on the ship is
minister of the interior, minister of ; soma fire control, a man with a . set
finance and minister of marine in thu of either levers or electric buttons.
Turkish cabinet. Two weeks ago. !n j fause the great gun . Jo move, about -addition
to these offices, -he was also ' like a live tiling and elevate or lawer
made minister of war. which gave him j its aler.der tip as required. ': --. .
the four most important portfoiios In , When Ship and Bhell Mtet.
th Hdministration. A second klater the hell is in tt
He is a "Young Turk" and - is tin-I air. It climbs to a helgiit or, perhaps,
doubtedly the most important man ia ,"a mile and a. 'half. Its target, sway
Turkey at the present time. His ad-j ing with tiie roll of the sea, now on a
vice is heeded everywhere, and he vir- , wave top and then in it valley; rushes '
tuaily directs the public affairs of the i long-toward the point where the-two
Ottoman empire. Jliall meet. It Is like tnti the witch
Blames Bnssia and Britain. ! "t itbeinutlc has arrangr.d and ie
Tllrlfv pnirutritil In mililaptr nr...... , tf6(l It. .
" ' J r e - - .,.... j .-fcrirwi- j
tions, he continued, only when ac
tions on the part of Russia and Great
Britain made defensive measures
necessary, and today Turkey has taken
all
steps needful to carry the war
r.T ', t , , . ,
The holy war is snot menacing
J?'u .V' V1 hly. KW1,La act
which the enemieg of the Mohamme-
da.?JrI Bhould ar, n mlnd-
Christians In the Ottoman empire
who are participating In the destinies
of their country are not suffering
from conditions brought about, by the
present state of affairs, ami any state-
ments to the contrary are a result of j
British. 'French; and Russian intrigues, . -
tne punoe oi wnicji is to direct
against Turkey the pressure of neu-.
tral countries of lower standing ln thai
Ottoman world.
Complaints of American Fress.
Talaat Bey complained of the atti
tude of foreign newspapers, Jncludlng
the American press, which he said were
oblivious alike of the position f Tur-
Vkey under the pressuve of the entente
powers and the efforts of the Young
Turks to accomplish the reforms asso
ciated with that party.
"On land and sea alike the Russians
and the British provoked hostilities."
he declared. "Our action finally was
the result of efforts to bottle up our
fleet by mining the .entrance ' to the
Bospborus.
' "Turkey is prepare! to carry on the
war to the end ,of th Buropean eon-
t f HcC The fact of being able to face
the enemy on four fronts simultane
ously against , forces three or fouf
times greater than ours, and to mobi
lize at the same time, an army of
more than l.OOO.ftOO men for a reserve.
la lor us as weu as ror our allies a
matter of the greatest importance, and
t for, our allies a. precious advantage,
; : m "-
. i l"t i. f? cft v w . " mimis m
ico whose language is limited to about
.100 words and who cannot count more again, will be in trod nerd -Jri the cham
than ten. - - , . . ... , f .bcr of deputies , by Georges lierry.
FARGETS ALWAYS MOVING
How It's tbs "Man Banted the Xnutru
meats," Hot theM3Caa Behind ' ,
tts Gun." t V
Uy William (.'. Shepherd,
1 otirlon. Feb. H. --(By mail to New
York,) Plare a inch gun on a .
ferry boat at the New York battery, ,
ready for Itrlng. Ten miles -distant, !
iit the Itartem' river, at tle -other nd -of
Manhattan' Island, place I' '-another'
ferry. bosj, which is to b the vKtrtu V
of this theoretical bat tin. Now tetl
the. gunners on the battery ferry boat '
the exact location of the, boat Jn ,th.
Harlem a Hp nml nnlur flx.iti : tn llnll
itv Can they do II? They Why if . tlwy"
shoot n: well us the Knglinli Bailors
of Kir "David Hcattv's lleet in ' tllfl
North sea buttle or Sunday, January ,
21. .'"-,':
The first slicll which the l.lon sent
Into the fUuclici' was fired when tii
ships were 17,000 yutds upaTt 61,00"
feet, or nearly 10 miles. Our battery
bout would iiave an eaH Job of shout
ing across the leiiuth of Manhatlay
iaiwij r.nd Miukln j; the Harlem river
craft, for neither boat would be rock
ing In u hcuvy sea or moving at the
rate if half u niife a minute, s were
the cruisers in the Norltf sea i2ht.
Shell's Flight Is Eight Seconds. .
Jt required eight Kt-cotids for thU
firyt shell to the naked eye, to s be
rmark looked to the naked eye, ttt ua
the ."ize of the lead In a pencil From
tlie timt the shell left the t.lon, lo tne :
time It hit the Blm-ijer the latter boat
had traveled two city blocks, and When
the gunner of the I, Ion fired his shtll, -
me gun poiutei not at wnere tne jiu-
chtr was itt thut particular Instant, ,
but wliere It would be eigtit second
later. In other word. . the sliell was',
so accurately timed that the Hluchcr
ran in underneath the shell, us it fell
arid took It on her deck as H she were
trying to save it from falling ittu th
kcu. . : - ."'..!,-
l-cl's imagine a gunner figuring out.'
his chances of hitting tlie Uluchei'. ..
"L.'l.... It.... .. . .1.-. , .. I ...!
a utile a minute, and I'll have to al
low for that," be says. "We're trav
eling at about the sunie rate, but itt
a diiferent ditectlon, and. If I load my
S"n uw we'll have traveled a hU'
mile before I sh-jot 'it. as I muet ullow
for Uu ' Hh wobbling, too. In tti ,
sea. -and I v got to ullow for that. 1
an't point toy gun at her and shoot,
because it will' take eight seconds for .,
the shell to reach ly-r. I've cot to fig
ure It out so that the shell will be t
the a If ready to meet her when- sh
comeM up to it."
Eejoaa tne Kaman .Brain.
It's beyond the human brain or th
humuii eye f nake such a mass of
calculation us our imaginary gunner Is
trying to force tivon himself. In fact,
there is no such gunner. There ,1s. In
deed, no one man who nerves u gun
on one of the gigantic battleships of,
today; . t --:
Placed in tiie fighting masts lifgh
above the deck, pro tha Instrument
which make nil the eulculatio' s that
are necessary for getting a shell to ;
a right place at the right time, Thenev
instruments make allowance for .the
speed Of the ship 'which -ia' firing, for
I the speed of the fleeing ship, for tlis
.ironing of both fhlps and even for
1 the wind and thn moisture in the at
. iiiosphcre. It's like working a -pruo-Turkcv
Um in arithmetic. The instruments
i
runout even looking at -the turgef.
..iti.. . , ,1..
shell inctt. TIo
explosion of . thf! shell Is terrific; It
twists and wrenches steel as if it
were tin f '11. )
But tb?re Is one more astoriialilng ;
. i ...
shot has died out. Thirty-tw
Becond, after the shell -strikes, th
men OR ttie vlt,,n . If t"y Hten,
hear the sound of a heavy muf'
fled boom. It is the explosion'of the
gUn, i0 mita distant, which sent the
shell. The messenger of death trav
fjve times faster than sound It--
I self.
t: "Navv men throiiehout theVrri',i
have known at what distance modern
guns are effective, but, in general, tho
range of guns and the results of tar
get practice have been secrets from ,
the laymen.
Old Style Shooting Fasses,-
Jlowever, 1r' tavid Heatty.' In his'.'.
plained that we "begati to bit at' I7,'
000 yards." This remark," simple in
itself, opens to the rnlrnl of ilie ordi
nary newspaper rader something ''-of"
the wonders which the navies-: have
secretly achieved during the past 10
years. .. . -. -'' .-
, During the JapaneKe-Iuslan".war no
snch shooting as waa seen in the
North sea recently was possible. in .
the Spanish-American war the ."man '
behind the gun' who squinted througa
a telescope sight, pointed, bis "shoot
ing iron" like a rifle and' banged :
away at a ship' two miles distant, re
ceived the praise for Dewey's Vic
tories. But his day has passed, within
a short decade, -it's cold science now.--It's
the man behind the, instrument?
s who counts. ; : ' .. jr '. v
France to Aid Itulned Finns. r
Parla, Feb. 27. A bill providing for
a credit of '500,000,000 francs ($100.-
OOO.QOO), from which loans can be ntade
to fnall buslneas lutereats ruined ly
t the ar, thereby enabllri theta-to start