THE . OREGON ; SUNDAY . JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY . MORNING, FEBRUARY 28, 1915.
7
DEATH
LONGEVITY
FALLACIES
EXPOSED
While Human Power Cannot
Determine the Death Rate,
Much Can Be Done to Pro
long Life.
MYTHS ABOUT
ANIMALS' AGES
ARE LAID BARE
Theories Relative to Exces
sive Years Lived by Crea
tures in Animal Realm Ex
ploded by Science,
GOOD OLD DAYS SCOUTED
CONDITIONS ARE BETTER
These Have Been Effected in
. Reduction of Infant Mor
tality Generally.
Article No. 2.
'HE old cynic philosophers
averred that nothing was sure
but death and taxes. But with
. the death rate cut down 60 pei
t cent within 50 years and single
taxers declaring war to the
death on , all taxes save one
and even that possibly to be abolished
when we can control our natural re
sources it looks as If the saying wai
In need of revision. Even though there
be "a Divinity that shapes our ends,
rough hew them as we will,' it is evi
dent that our skill with the hatchet la
Improving rapidly.
Tn the sense that we must all die
some - day, which is a consolation
rather than otherwise, toy the happiest
life, like the greatest battle, gets to
he a bore sooner or later and begins to
run around in circles, death is still
sure. But .as to the time, the method
and every -other detail of our final
. taking leave of the world, we are
almost absolutely trc agents, and the
sky .is the only limit. To paraphrase
Scripture: "The dirty and unventllat
ed man shall not live out half his
days." And even what the span of
those days, the so-called natural dura
tion of life, may be is still quite un
sure, and, for all that we can see, -unlimited.
Nearly 60 years ago, in the
very dawn of sanitary science, Chad-
wick, the Croat English health pioneer,
declared that he was prepared to plan
and build a city which should have
any desired death rate, from 5 per
1000 per annum up!
He was simply laughed at by both
the pious and the practical men of
- those days, but within little more than
half a century a lineal descendant of
his In science, one William C. Gorgas,
fulfilled his prophecy almost to the
letter by building just such a city, a
whole country, in fact, and that not in
the bracing," healthful north, but in
. the seething tropics. For two different
semi-annual periods the death rate of
, the white employes in Panama, includ
ing nearly a third of women and chil
dren? touched 6 per 1000 per annum.
And General Gorgas could work at
least two thirds of the same miracle
all over these United States if he were
appointed secretary to a great national
department of health and public safety
and given a free hand as to pure water,
good food, airy, tun-lit houses, war on
infections, and last, but by no means
least, good wages. It is very signifi
cant that the lowest northern white
wage rate paid in Panama, the first
and only "spotless town" in history,
was 15 a day, and the lowest colored
or tropical white rate 3 a day. more
than double what they had been ac
customed to at home.
Am Apparent Xaradox That Tails, a Big
Truth,
Hers, as everywhere, the apparent
paradox holds: Double the wages and
you halve the death rate and treble the
net efficiency. Indeed, when Gorgas
was asked what should be the first
step to lower the death rate in a north
ern factory town, ho replied: "A mini
mum wage of $S!" "But," says some
one at once, "we all must die sometime
of something. Supposing that we can
save 1000 lives from poisoned milk In
infancy, from the Uttle pestilences' in
childhood, or tuberculosis and typhoid
in youth-, aren't we simply shifting the
deaths from one part of the Ufa scale
to another, postponing the day of ac
count, but altering the final balance
- and settlement not a whit?" Does not
our boasted Increased average length
of life consist mainly of a huge sav
ing of Uvea In infancy, childhood ana
early youth, by coddling and hot hous
ing and - promoting the survival of
those who would otherwise have died
at those periods until they can be no
longer kept going and break down and
die in spite Of us at .40. 45 or 60? This
is apparently supported by the curious
fact that, while our death rate for all
earlier ages of life has gone down tre
mendously, that from 48 to 60 has not
only not diminished, but even in
creased slightly,, about 5 per cent in
males and i per cent In females. This
straw is eagerly clutched at by our
life insurance companies to explain
the "fact that they are still insuring
lives in the-twentieth century with a
death rate of 15 per 1000 at rates fixed
in tjhe nineteenth when the death rate
was over 30. '
At the first sight, this pessimistic
contention seems plausible and has
been used as the basis for bitter
attacks-upon our modern methods of
sanitation and social betterment.
But, as a matter of fact, it has as
tonishingly little support or standing
in court when the actual facts are
studied. First of all, it rests upon
the purely gratuitous assumption that
there is a fixed and definite limit
to the healthiest and soundest hu
man life, beyond which it is im
possible to extend our span upon
this planet. This, like most uni
versally accepted assumptions, is
based upon little more than legend
and tradition, and the experience
that tn the old, unhappy days, before
the dawn of the scientific era, barely
two-thirds of a century ago, the days
of Ignorance and filth, of cowardice
and cruelty, of poverty and piety,
which we fatuously refer to as "the
good old days," most human beings
who - worried through the famines
and ; pestilences, and the- private
stabblngs. and the public slaughter
ings, the offal they were glad to
get for food and the sewage for
water, - were at the end of three
score or three score and ten years,
pretty well worn out and ready . to
drop Into the chimney comer and
prate about "Vanitas vanitatum!"
Their bodies had endured more in
sults, attacks and hairbreadth es
capes " tn a month - than ours do in . a
year. And it is the things that have
happened to us that make us old,
not the mere length of time we have
been upon the planet. -. But even if we
accept the- mournful wailing dirge:
"The days of our years are threescore-years
and ten, and if by rea
son of strength they be four-score.
-
- , ; . : . , v,.
yet Is their strength labor and trou
ble, for it is soon cut off and we
fly away," as our war song, we have
plenty of leeway before we bump
against the inevitable. If every
body lived to be 70, that would rough
ly mean a' death rate of about 12
per 1000 a year in a -stationary com
munity. But, as most modern com
munities are not stationary, in fact
are increasing at the rate of 2 to 5
per cent per annum, this means an
actual possible death rate of ' about
six or seven per 1000. And the best
we have ever won yet for a whole
country or large city is from 13
to 15. So we still have a long and
cheerful way to Tipperary befor we
reach the imaginary limit.
But isOit most singular how the
more clofcely we study the question of
the so-called "natural term" of life
the more impossible it becomes to
find any positive proof of such a
thing. Some very interesting and
careful studies of the natural life
times of animals have recently been
made by eminent biologists and sta
tlstlcians, notably Professor. Chalmers
Mitchell, director of the famous Lon
don Zologtcal Society's gardens. The
investigations covered a large num
ber of species, wild, in captivity and
domestic, with the singular and un
expected result that it appeared im
possible to fix any definite limit
at which life under anything ap
proaching ideal circumstances must
come to an end. Certainly nine
tenths of either wild or domestic
animals were found to die under
half their maximum age from causes
which might be termed accidental, 1.
e., which had nothing to do with the
essential exhaustion of their vital
powers. In not a 'few species, such
as some fresh water fishes which
could be accurately observed in ponds
for considerable periods, not merely
life, but also growth appeared to
continue indefinitely until terminated
by capture, drought or disease. The
famous "monster," wary old trout,
in the deep hole under the tree roots,
or the wise old pike, the despair and
the delight of the angler, is ap
parently only an illustration of what
many "little fishes in the brook"
might attain to if possessed of ade
quate intelligence, wariness and cour
age. It is even difficult to fix within
60 per cent of what might be called
an average natural term of life for
most animals, Including such familiar
boarders as dogs, cats and horses. It
was found that the lifetime of a dog
or a horse was, up to 20 years for the
latter and 10 or 12 for the former,
pretty much what we chose to make
It by our skill or our ignorance, our
care or our neglect, and well attested
cases are on record of nearly double
these equine and canine ages being at
tained. This almost perfectly corre
sponds with the results of our study
and experience with the genus human
um, for the more carefully we look into
the actual facts of the case under the
microscope, in the test tube and on
the post mortem table, the more over
whelmingly are we driven to the con
clusion that the so-called signs of old
age are the clear marks of either mal
nutrition, overwork or of Infectious
diseases which we were supposed to
have recovered from. It would seem
only reasonable that there should be
such a thing as the decay at our
body and its various organs, simply
through the cumulative effects of suc
cessive decades of wear and tear. But
so far as clear and distinguishing
marks of senile decay' In our Internal
organs is concerned, almost every one
of them shows the unmistakable hand
writing and footprints of some form of
infectious disease.
Old Age Xardry Brer a Cause of Ssath
That famous decay and hardening
of the arteries, for instance whose
pompous Greco-Latin name, arterio
sclerosis, has been dignified into a new
disease of civilisation, is now clearly
traceable in the great majority of
cases to one or another of the infec
tions, or fevers, after the normal re
sistance of the body has been lowered
by prolonged muscular overstrain, bad
food and bad air. Even more con
trary to popular impression, death by
old age is and always has been one
of the-rarest of exits from this world's
stage. Two decades or more ago
Plexner discovered that the great ma
jority of deaths occurring In hos
pitals, even In those who had been
crippled in their joints, or heart, or
kidneys, or liver, or nervous system,
and were In a state of serious chronic
disease, were due not actually to that
chronic disease itself, but to a sudden
and vicious attack of what would un-;
der other circumstances have been a
trivial infection, like a cold in the
head, an. influenza, a tonsilitis, or a
mild bronchitis or pneumonia. So un
iformly was this the case that he
coined the phrase "terminal infections"
to describe these last germs "straws
which broke the camel's back" of vital
resistance. So widely has the idea
extended since that most of our boards
of health or ' census bureaus refuse
to accept "old age" as an adequate
and Intelligible cause of death in a
death certificate.
Although we may perhaps be in
clined to resent this as. pure hair split
ting; with a vague sort of feeling that
any man who lives to be 75 or over
Is entitled to fle of anything be pleases
and no questions asked, yet it Is an
interesting and consoling thought,
with applications of considerable prac
tical value, that so. far there Is scarce
ly a single attested case on record of
any human being actually dying, sim
ply, in the classic phrase, "because he
couldn't live any longer," upon pure
ly internal grounds. Most deaths from
"old age" are due to pneumonia, of a
mercifully painless and swift type, sel
dom running "more than four days and
often only , two. We may . even feel
some little sympathy with the . man
giving -his family "history in making
application for. life-insurance, who,
when asked , what . his maternal grand
father, aged 85, died of, replied after
some minutes of cogitation: "Well,
I really couldn't say positively, but I
know it wasn't anything serious!" It
is certainly significant and hopeful
that, so far as the actual facts go,
the full, natural, unstarved, uninfect
ed, unsweated possible limit of human
life has probably never yet been
reached. It leaves all sorts of possi
bilities open to us in the future. On
the other hand, studies upon the lower
animals have swept into the limbo of
legend and tradition, where they be
long, a great deal of "skimble-skamble"
stuff about the superior longevity
of animals as contrasted with man.
All the animal centenarians, for in
stance, have gone into' the waste paper
basket, like their alleged human con
freres. No basis whatever was found
to exist for the huge longevities
claimed for the raven, or the tnrtle.
or the elephant, or any of the othran
imal Methuselah3, except the very rich
and abundant one of our utter and
complete ignorance of the actual date
of their birth. For instance, in the
elephant, practically all tame elephants
are born wild and captured after ma
turity. Longevity of A:&als a Popular Myth.
Of the . few born in captivity none
has ever reached the age of 50. Most
of them show all the signs of old age
at 35 or 40. The royal elephant that
had carried five generations of rajahs
or kings was found to be a myth, or
else the knife or the poison bowl had
been very busy among the rajahs. Our
utter lack of knowledge about the rate
of growth of the tortoise and of the
turtle, and the ease with which the
guileful practical joker can carve on
the shell of the torpid and helpless
beast any name and date he chooses,
from "Adam, Year 1" up, leaving it
to be discovered next season with open
eyed wonder by the parlor naturalist.
As art amusing illustration, a huge
tortoise weighing nearly 300 pounds
was brought to the New York zoo from
the Galapunos islands; it was alleged
to be over 200 years old, and to grow
about an inch in diameter a year. For
several months it hibernated, but woke
up In the spring, began to grow, and
in three months gained over 30 per
cent in sixe and weight. It was prob
ably between a and 7 years old. This
forms the basis of -the huge longevi
ties attributed to. these beasts.
In the case of the raven, it is sim
ply a case of "All coons look alike
to roe," for the single pair of ravens
that had built their nest continuously
for 125 years in one turret of the old
castle may have comprised anywhere
from 10 to 50 different generations,
for anything that any human observer
could tell to the contrary. The same
utter lack of accurate knowledge ex
plains the extraordinary longevity as
cribed to the eaerle, the lion, the wild
swan and the boa constrictor. There
Is absolutely no trustworthy record
of any elephant over 50, or any raven
over 20, nor of. any tortoise over 30
years old; and the oldest fish, flesh
or fowl ever positively known In cap
tivity was a parrot which attained
the age of 33 in the bird house at the
London soo.
With apologies to Poe:
We are driven to agreeing
That no living human being
Ever yet was blessed with seeing
Bird or beast that reached three-score,
so that all the talk about animals
taking a certain time to reach matur
ity, as evidenced by the condition of
their teeth or the union of the heads
of their bones with their- shafts, or
their first mating period, and then llvi
ing so many multiples of that time,
with the enchanting conclusion that
human beings, upon this principle,
ought to reach at least 150 to 200 years,
must go by the board completely. We
come as near to living our full nat
ural span of life as any known animal.
In fact, the conditions under which we
live are as "natural" and healthful as
those that surround any animal; and
we have not the slightest reason to
regard ourselves as inferior in either
health, vigor or longevity to any of
our animal cousins or bird relatives.
Let us see for a moment what the
RED CROSS AMBULANCE BOUGHT BY COLLEGE STUDENTS
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Dr. Woods Hutchinson A. M.,
big. massive figures in the death lists
are at the different periods of life,
and how far they come within our
own control. In Infancy, the message
of the scroll is so vividly clear that
he who runs may read it. We used
to have, in the prc-bacterial days., a
death rate during the first year of
life of anywhere from 250 to 350 per
thousand born. In the words of Hood's
jingle:
"What different lots our birthdays
bring,
For instance, one little mannikin thing
Survives to bear many a wrinkle,
"While death forbids another to wake;
And a son that it took nine moons to
make.
Expires without a twinkle.
" Our destinies happy or fatal.
One little craft is cast away
On its very first trip In Babbacombe
bay;
While another rides safe at Port
Natal."
Within 10 years of the time we had
abandoned "The-Lord-gave,-the-Lord-hath-taken-away"
attitude, we found
that a third of this slaughter of the
innocents was due to bad air and re
spiratory diseases; another third to
dirty milk, and we impiously proceed
ed to thwart the "dispensations of
Providence," with the result that in
less than 40 years our infant death
tate has been cut down Just about this
clearly preventable two thirds; and a
community which loses more than 10
infants -In the 100 during their first
year considers itself more or less dis
&c jw-
Former Portland Physician
graced. And really civilized commu
nities like New Zealand and some of
the Swiss Communes, where they
stand for. those ridiculous things
called "children's rights" to food,
fresh air, play and love save all but
seven, and even five in the hundred,
of their babies. We are finding that
even though the "son that expires
without a twinkle" has its cause in
the "sins of the fathers" and a very
important one, whose removal will be
attended by far reaching improve
ments in many other departments of
human life and happiness.
But. challenges some heavy taxpay
er and real estate owners, the real
er and real estate owner (the real Circe
that turns men into swine is not wo
man, the enchantress, but the posses
sion of and by too many acres of dirt).
"Suppose you tide these weakly and
ailing babes over into their second
year, won't you simply spread' the
mortality over the next five years as
they slip their anchors one after an
other, after costing the community
just that much more for every year
they survived?"
Snow Infant Mortality Oat in Half.
Let the figures answer. We only
got the mortality cut in two about five
or 10 years ago, but long enough for
it to make its damaging effects visible
upon the vitality of the children of the
next five years, and the damning re
sults are beginnings to show them
selves already. Instead of rising tre
mendously on account of the unfit and
undesirable' infant lives loaded onto it.
- '
I)
1 ( t--. u
-. i sir "
y " v--
,f f s
and President-Elect of The American Academy of Medicine.
the mortality of the next period of
life, up to the fifth year, has gone
steadily down and down, until its re
duction is almost as .great as that for
the period of infancy. Passing on up
through the seven ages of man, the
next period, that of childhood proper,
from the fifth to the fifteenth year,
shows an almost equally marked sav
ing of,, life, partly on account of the
good work coming in to our aid, which
has been done against those fnodern
Herods, the diseases of childhood
scarlet feverj diphtheria, whooping
cough, measles, etc, and partly because
the children with whom we have -to
work are bigger, stronger and with
better resisting power against disease,
on account of. the good care that has
been taken of them in Infancy.
The tide of victory over the flood of
short cotfins sweeps steadily on into
the next period, that of young adult
life, from 15 to 25, for here' our fight
against tuberculosis, pneumoniae and
typhoid comes to our aid. and clear
through the next period, that of man
hood and womanhood, 25 to 45. The
"Captain of the Men of Death" are
beaten backward at every point, al
though the. victory is not quite so com
plete here as it was in infancy.' It in
only when we reach the climax, and
the beginning decline of life that our
lives begin to waver and the enemy
plucks up courage to try to hold his
own. But even this counts for noth
ing until about the fiftieth year, after
which, as our insurance experts so
loudly trumpet on every occasion, the
I'botOKraiib br Harrln II Ewlng.
death rate remains the same as it did
40 years ago. . Indeed, in the period
between 65 and 65 It falls about 6 per
cent below the former average. This
temporary check is usually attributed
to the so called stresses 'and strains of
civilization; over feeding, dissipa
tion, hurry and excitement; and the
diseases which principally cause this
death rate of middle age, Brlght's dis
ease, cancer, heart disease, paralysis
and other degenerations of the nerv
ous system, fibroses of the liver and
hardening of the arteries (arterio
rclerogis) have been dubbed the "dis
eases of civilisation."
The moment, however, that these
diseases of middle life began to be in
vestigated, it was found that they
had no connection whatever with eat
ing, drinking, high living or the pres
sure of city life. On the contrary,
nearly two thirds of them were clear
ly traceable to damages left upon the
heart, arteries, kidneys, liver and I
nervous system oy xne nine lniet
tions of childhood, the greater infec
tions of middle life, typhoid, tuber
culosis, syphilis and rheumatism, and
even such trivial annoyances as cold
in the head, sore throats and summer
sicknesses. In other' words, the rea
son why the death rate after 50 is not
yet declining is that our work in sav
ing babies and in lowering infant and
child mortality was not fairly under
way until about 26 years ago. In other
words, after our present crop of 60-year-oiders
had reached young adult
life. We men and women of middle
age are the hangovers from the pre
hygienic period; and the young people
who are coming up to take our places
will probably not show a third of the
so called diseases of middle life that
we do, because they were protected
during their Infancy, childhood and
young adult life from the principal
causes of these chronic degenerations.
The intelligent care and protection
row giv3n to the teeth alone t-111 add
10 or 15 year ..to cur life, to say noth
ing of the discovery that abscesses In
the gum and' about the roots of the
teeth are one of the chief causes of
chron!c" Rheumatism, - particularly of
the most painful and crippling varie
ties, anil that dirty mouths cause a
large share of our anemias, our dys
pepsias and our neuralgias. Twenty
years more and toothaches will be a
curiosity and plates and dentures, and
artificial teeth almost unknown. The
youngsters now coming up will keep
their teeth till they are SO, and their
digestion and elastic gait in propor
tion. What would not we semi-centenarians
have been spared in the shape of
choked nostrils, irregular: teeth, per
forated ear drums, broken mouths and
pigeon breasts If only the magic word
"adenoids' Lad been known and acted
ipon le our childhood days? The crip
ples of our generation are nearly all
dead ind our new ones are coming up
to take -their place; , children's hos
pitals ; cure them all now; the blind
asylums are emptying fast, and ten
anted chiefly by old or middle a god
victims. ' Thanks to spectacles and
artificial teeth, old age is, relieved of
half its dreariness and boredem.
Woman Snows Ho Increase 1m Ssath
Bat.
I may mention in passing that
woman his again shown her custo
mary superior vitality and vigor, and
Popular Practice, of Referring
to Glad Times of, Day. ;
Gone Causes Mirth; ; -
that her death rate at these ages so
deadly to men shows practically no in
crease, and n distinctly superior de
cline at all other periods of life. That
this comparatively heavy , mortalltv
during the periods from the fiftieth to
the sixty-fifth year 1s due to a specific :
cause of this sort Is supported by the
cheering fact that after the alxty
flfth year the death rata again begins
to decline, as compared with that of
the same age 40 years ago, while the
percentage who pass 75 is larger, than
it ever mas before. '
So that we nre in a position now to
laugh at those loud and gloomy pre
dictions about what would happen on
account of our short sighted methods
of saving Infant life, "promoting the
survival of the unfit, and ; lowering
the general average vitality of the
race. The children of today of 'all ;
ages from the fifth year on are from ;
one to three Inches taller, six. to 29
pounds heavier and have from "three-;
fourths to two Inches better chest de
velopment than the children of cor.
lespondlng ages 30 years ago. And,
what Is practically the same ' thing,
our American children of today have
the seme superiority over the children
today of the particular European
country in which their fathtfs, grand--,
fathers or great-grandfathers wera
born. How much further this reduc
tion of the death rate , can be carried
along through the declining years ef,
life is a question, but it is one which
need not concern us much, if ws eau
live a full, active, useful life up to 65.
70 or 76 years of age, what happens
to us after that need. distress us ItttH'.
To live hard and usefully, and die
suddenly as possible, are the ideals vt
biological philosophy. There ls'inelthr
merit, nor credit, nor comfort, in out
living our usefulness and our happi-.
ness. .; :
xriaety Tsars About the limit ofBu.
. man &lf s. . .
While me are utterly unable to say
that there is any fixed limit to the
duration of human life, the probabili
ties are that even under the most ideil
conditions which can be furnished by
science the vast majority of us will
fall by the wayside nefore our eighty-;
fifth or ninetieth year, and most of us
will not only be willing, but glad to do
so. There are just ss many old people
Jn the world as there ever were in
proportion to the population. The Ide
that old age was more frequently at
tained in earlier ages is merely one of
the many delusions connected with
"the good old, days." All the people
we have known who belonged to those
earlier days were naturally- very old,;
therefore ' that was the characteristic
of the whole generation. They hel.1 .
the same delusions shout their grand
parents; our grandchildren will hold
it about us. '
So far as we know, there are Just
as many centenarians as ever, for the
good and sufficient reason that thert
Is not a single legally authenticated
case of any human being having passed
his hundred and first year in all his
tory, eltler ancient or modern, as has
been proved by careful snd exhaustive
investigations by competent sciential
and statisticians, Sir George Cornwall,
Berry and others. No one need have
the slightest ambition to become a '
centenarian, for of the thousands of
those who are alleged to have reached
their hundred and , first year,, only
three ; names would ivar have ' been
heard of save for the fact of their
mere turtle-like persistence of life. It
is probable thr.t the next third of a
centnry will see as large a proportion
of the human race reaching the age of.
say, 63 or 65 as now survives the first
10 yearj of. life; ard as that will mean
that we haejdon4 our work, lived our
liyjesj started the next generation on
its Way to success, and had an hon
ored and comfortable decade or two In
which to counsel the rising generation
and see the results of our work and
Tnuse- over what it was all about, we
shall be as ready for our last sleep ss
we are now for our pillow after a hard .
day's work.
Vast Snadsy, . Article STo. 2. Why
we get no messages from the other
world, . A -
world.
Spain enjoys . more sunshine than
any other country in the' world.
Had Lung Trouble
. and Expected to Die
The many recoveries brought about
by Kckman's Alterative are attract-'
Ing wide attention. Read about this
case;- . - i ' '
33 B UU Keyser, Wa. Ta,
"Oentlemen i X was taken, sick 'U
Vovember, isoe. X grew steadily
worse. - Had two consultations. The
verdict was the fever ha-A affected my .
lungs and that my ease was hopeless ;
only gave mo two montas to uve.
My physician bad tried most all fclndtf
of treatment and none Old mo any
good, so ho asked my ausbaad if fao
objected to him trying a proprietary
medicine. X began your Alterative.
X was la nod from Xfovember SO, 1908,
until February 26, lOS, snd was
thought dying several times. Today
X am healthier and stronger than
over." ' CAbbroTUted.) '
(Signed) HKS. XC- XC BXXXJBT,
Eckman's Alterative Is moat effica
cious in bronchial catarrh and severe
throat and lung affections and upbuild -ins
the system. Contains) no harmful
or habit-forming drugs. . Accept . no
substitutes. Bmau size, si; regular
rlee. 12. Bold by leading druggists.
Writ for booklet of recoveries.
Xokmaa laboratory, XhJladelpMa. .
. 'a- AdV.)
Them tiny CAPSULES
are topcrior ta Balaam
er copaiM, Gababe er
njeetioas,ad
KUJEVES In IMIDYl
f 24 HOURS the VX
earns dlaeiwi with
out inconvenience.
Sold by mtldrvggiiU.
fe awru m Pric