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THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL; PORTLAND.' .SUNDAY..' MORNING: JANUARY 17 . .1915.
THE JOURNAL
AN -INT)ePBNDEXT,NEWKPAFBR
f. s. JACkSON......
...... PobllBT
fubllabeif a-vary nnii , except Sander)
-er SaiMla? unrnln t Tba J on rani Bi
Inr-. Broadway and Yamhill ata.. Portland,
nd
ulld.
Or.
.oturmt at tha poatnfrlce at FortUnd. Or.. fo
traiuuBlMloa throagb J ataila a second
- elaaa matter.
TELEPHONES Main T1T8; Home A-0051. AU
department readied by tUcaa number. Tall
tna apratar what Cepartment too want.
ORE1QM ADVEUTIMINO KEfi.ESENTATl VE
, nnjamtn Kantnor Co., Bromwtck Bids.,
21 rift ., New Xork, 1218 Peopla'a
Ua Bid., blrfo.
subscription terms tiy raall or t any ad
cxtaa ltt tba Coiled tVtata or Meslcof i
'I DAILY "!-,'..
Om rail $5,00 1 o&e BntB....... .80
' SCNOAY . ' '
Oo jrar. ...... I2.&U One month.......
DAILY AND SUNDAY
Ona raar. ...... f 7.6 Ou month -oa
We live In deeds, not years;
. lnl thoughts, not breaths; in
baart-tbroba, not in figures on
a i dial. lie lives most who
; thinks most, feels noblest and
. a?ts tha beat. Ballejfj
A PITILESS PUBLICITY
IlK Oregon' legislature is under
I
the glare, of a pitiless pub-
1 liclty
- i , Its acts are under a scruti
ny never before encountered by an
Oregon . legislature. This inspec
tion is by the newly retired gover
nor of the state, whose keen vision
of what is going on beneath! the
surface In the daily, proceedings is
a sure' guarantee that the full im
port Df every Important bill will
be made : perfectly plain through
The-Journal to all the people.
It is of especial value that both
by endowment and experience
former Governor West is signally
capable , of . investigating and an
alyzing pending legislation. Ex
ample of this is his clear analysis
in : today's. Journal of proposed
changes in the compensation law.
A lawyer, an honest man, a former
state land agent, a former railroad
Commissioner, and a former gov
ernor: of the state, and above tl,
a man of the keenest percepticfi
and deep penetration, ex-Governor
West has a far broader knowledge
and - better-equipment for a com
prehension of legislation and its
effect: upon the state and state con
ditions than any man in either
house at Salem.'
As; the session wears on, there
will be a high-minded and intel
ligent dissection of all important
measures offered for passage
What the big bills mean, especial
ly what the big bad bills mean, will
be made perfectly clear to every
body and ' the legislators them
selves will be put under the necessity-
for once of doing their work
under the bright .light and in the
full view of an onlooking public.
The West articles are already
challenging wide attention, and It
la an attention that will be broad
ly , extended as the work of the
'session approaches the serious and
critical stages.'
A COMPARISON
THE epidemic of foot and
.mouth disease nas caused the
Chicago Journal to , do a lit
tle' figuring. . It says the ap-
. rirnjtlmnfo value nf ' IIHnnlo Km
stock is $435,276,000, for the pro
tection of which the legislature ap
propriated for the year 1914 a total
of $37,3 40.
By 'wav of comnarison. it. la
stated that the appropriation for
the protection of fish and game
for toe same period amounted to
$151,600. The Chicago paper
'Intolerable, saying:
To spend four times as much
'money protecting quail, ducks and
. prairie ciiicaens as we snena in car-
. tho state is sheer communal lunacy.
The Journal of the American
Medical Association agrees with its
Chicago contemporary and declares
oi. iiunois snouia see to it mat
. every cent necessary to protect the
. ttate's livestock is provided, no
!; matter what economies' may be
necessary in other directions.
'. ' T . . At.. , f , J , . . .
um lug uicuitu jum Ulll HBH8, 11
ucn appropriations are necessary
for the protection of animals, how
much, should be appropriated to
; protect the lives and health of men,
" rAtM a ' a i A ah II ham ',m a . a . m
, W UlilCU BUU LailUl Cll. Ul L1IH IS I MI H f
- Certainly more than for fish, game
and livestock. Yet the 1914 ap-
- proprlation for ., the protection of
? nearly! 6.000.0QQ human Meings
was only $120,000, or $31,600 less
. than. was spent In behalf of fish
and, game.
1 Of course the comparison is not
exactly fair, but it has value. More
i thinking and more talking on such
lines wfll eventually convince legis
latures that ? the Uvea of a state's
" citizens are fully as valuable as
the lives of its beasts, birds and
: fiab.f
THE .WpMJEX'S PROTEST
BILL In the senate proposes
the merging of the Industrial
Welfare Commission with the
Compensation Commission.
The two commissions have no
more, in common tnaa ao fisheries
would; practically end the useful
ness and ' In effect undo all that
has been done by the Malarkey
1 minimum wage law.
' If the legislature Intends to kill
, the Industrial Welfare Commission
, and its work. It should do It In
; the open and courageously, it
ought (not to take a round-about
. way '. and . chloroform . It on , a false
pretext. If It doesn't want a rea
, sonable regulation of the minimum
, wages : and working hocrs of. girls
v In -the shops and. industries,' it
should boldlv say so; and let the
A
WHAT FOR AND,
. By Wood row
B'
ZTOBS X close may X say a Xnr word upon two topics, much discussed
out of doors, upon which It is Uglily important till juagmeuT
should ie clear, definite and steadfast? - , . ,
One of tluaa ii economy in rorernment expenditures. Tha duty of
economy fs mot debatable. Xt Is manifest and imperative, la tba ap
propriations wa pass wo are spending tba money of tba great people wbosa
servants wo are not our own. Wo are trustees and raspouslbla steward
la tbev spending-.
The only thing debatable and upon which, wo should Da careful to make
ou thought and purpose clear Is the Had of economy demanded of us. I
assart wits tho greatest confidence that -She people of the Waited States are
a t Jealous of tho amount tbelr government costs If they are aura that they
get what they need and deslra for tho outlay, that tha money Is being- spent
for objects of which they approve and that it is being appUed with good
business sense and management. ; vKr- - f ""' -"'-y,f-
Governments grow, piecemeal, both la tha taskr and in the means by
which those tasks are to be performed and: very few government are or
ganised, X venture to say, as wlsa and experienced business men would or
ganlxe them If they had a clean sheet of paper to write upon. Certainly the
government of tho United States Is not. X think that it is generally agreed
that there should bo a systematlo reorganizing and reassembling of Its parts
so as to secure greater efficiency and effect considerable savings in expanse.
But tha amount of money saved In that way would, X believe, though
no doubt considerable 'la itself, running it may ho, into tha millions, ho rela
tively email email, X mean in proportion to tho total necessary-outlays of
tho government. It would be thoroughly worth effecting, as ovary, saving
would, great or small. Our duty is not
curtail the activities at fhlm nnmmnt!
d itrovn!
itself, there must come, of course, the
sort of economy we ought to practice may be affected, and ought to be ef
fected, by a careful study and assessment of tho tasks to be performed, and
tho money spent ought to bo-made to yield the host possible returns in ef
ficiency and achievement. And, like good stewards, wo should so account for
very dollar of our appropriation so as to make it perfectly evident what it
was spent for and in what way it was spent.
It la expenditure for extravagance that we should fear being criticised
for; not paying for tha legitimate enterprises and undertakings of a great
government whoso people command what it should do, but adding what will
benefit only a few or pouring money out for what need not have betfn under
taken at ' all or might have been postponed or better and mora economically
conceived and carried out.
The nation is not . niggardly, it is very generous, xt will chide us duly
if wo forget for what wo pay money out and for whom it is we pay.
From tjie president' late mcafage. .
No more perfect analysis of the issues of public expenditure can
be found in any language. The president's dissection of the subject is
a masterpiece. It is' a guide for state legislatures. It is t. chart for
th federal congress. Oregon legislators can well afford to steer by it!
The congress of the United States should apply its suggestions.
. Thus, this country is now paying a war tax. It is a burden on
uiany Institutions and individuals. It Is a tax made necessary because
congress could not foresee that there was to be a great war that would
cut down the customs receipts and create a .deficit. It is rather' an
emergency measure created after the appropriation bills had been
passed. , , .
But congress has notice now that the war is on. It has advanced
information that the customs receipts will be diminished, both by the
lack of merchant ships and by the failure of Europe to produce sup
plies that this country has for long years been accustomed to import.
The president, iri gentle but irect statement, calls upon congress
to cut expenditure to the minimum. It is the means by which congress
will .be able to relieve the country of the war tax and remove that
which in many duarters is now urged as a cause of complaint against
the administration. " .
It Is due the president and due congress itself that such a course
be taken. No action would go farther In freeing the administration
from a certain kind of criticism than would the cutting away of such
wastes and leaks In expenditure as would keep the national outlay
within the usual sources of; national revenue and permit abandonment
wi, uie war tax.
Nor does the duty of the congress or the lflfrisinriirea
With signal clearness, the. president
only if we forget for what we pay
we pay."
. The true ideal in public expenditure is to rememhr tha .. ,,mi
fund is a trust fund, that it is drawn from the people who commit it
to representatives In trust, to be spent for the benefit of all. In such
a view, how important for those' in public life to ever search them
selves with the query, "for what do we pay money out, and for whom
it Is we pay?" .
fight be a fair fight and the argu
ments, honest arguments.
The Malarkey law establishing
the Industrial Welfare Commission
is a measure that was enacted at
the request of. the women of Ore
gon. They originated the measure
and went before the legislature to
secure its passage. The LIU was
introduced by Senator Malarkey,
and it passed both houses at the
1913 session by unanimous vote.
The members of the commission
are Father O'Hara, Miss Bertha
Moores and Amedee Smith. The
work of the commission has been
rational, conservative and discreet.
The investigations and the experi
ence of Its members, who represent
respectively the employe, the em
ployer and the public, give them
a start for administering the law,
far in advance of that with which
a new and uninformed body could
take up the function.
The claim that efficiency wouldj
be served by the proposed merger
is bosh. The contrary would be
true; " The claim that the mereer
would lessen the cost is equally
untenable, because the members of
the commission under the Malarkey
law serve without salary.
The Journal questions the mo
tive of' no person who is pushing
the proposed merger, but it holds
that the result may. In the end, ap
proximate a repeal of the Malar
key law. The women of the state
are already beginning to protest,
and they are fully Justified in do
ing so, for the real issue is, not a
matter of. efficiency or economy,
but of whether or not the regula
tion of- a minimum i wage and
working hours of girls is to be
abandoned.
A LONG WAY TO GO
A
T A TIME when legislatures
are in session and. the ques
tion of taxation is uppermost
In the public mind, the Liv
ing Church, one of the leading pub
lications of the Episcopal church
comes forward with a criticism of
the popular attitude on the sub
ject and makes a plea that it be
viewed in a "spiritual perspective." ;
It says the taxing function of the;
state should be . conceived as an
opportunity for the performance of
a religious duty, or better still the
enjoyment of a spiritual privilege.
In the language of the editor:
"Our taxes to the state may be
truly made a real sacrament to us
if we use them aright. ' In them we
may find room to deny ourselves,
a road to - lead us daily nearer
God." - : - 1
Tq paraphrase the words of a
popular song "It is a long way to i
the sacrament of .tax; paying; it is!
a long way to go.":
:, In a world that hides all its as
sets as much as -possible; forgets
WHOSE MONEY?
Wilson.
I
altered by tho seals of tho saving.
t)m kHi ra.ther. tA anlaro-a thm : 1
inevitable increase of onpense. Tho t
- i -
says the - people "will chide us
money out, and for whom It is
all Its income that ft can forget
and depreciates the . value of Its
real estate when the assessor comes
around, it is difficult to get a
"spiritual perspective" and' the ob
taining of one is made still harder
when the revenues are given over
to extravagant legislature county
Doaras and city councils.. " :
"To find in the payment of taxes
under these conditions a means of
grace is truly a test of piety.
A spiritual perspective can never
be obtained until the system of tax-
ation is made just and government
expenditures are placed on a basis
of disinterested service to the com
munity as a whole. '' "i '
It Is a long. : a long .way to go.
IiONG DISTANCE lUTJSIC
HERE may cjme a time when
we will be able to sit at the
fireside and listen to an opera
or a concert over th tele
phone. It is claimed that a pho
netic apparatus has been, perfected
that will enable 5 us to do so.
There may be some gain in this
but on the other hand there will
be a distinct, loss. Music Is some
thing more than sound. There is
the personality of the artist, that
mysterious quality called tempera
ment, which can not be conveyed
by a wire. It Is unfair to a singer
to be judged by tone alone.
Canned music is a fine thing in
the absence of any better, but It
can never cupply the living, breath
ing actuality In artl
VODKA AND RUSSIA
G'
EORGE KENNAN, writing in
tne outlook, discusses vodka
and Russia. He shows that
one of the by-products of 'war-
has been immediate suppression of
vodka. What was hoped to be ac
complished in years came in days.
When the war broke out the sale
of vodka was stopped. There was
nothing, nominal about the prohi
bition it prohibited. The govern
ment had control of the sources of
supply as well as of the facilities
tor distribution', and the czar's
edict had immediate effect.
Mr. Kennan says the per, capita
consumption of alcohol is larger
in other countries than it was fh
Russia. But he explains that the j
Russian could buy no less than a
bottle at a time - and could not
drink on : the premises where the
purchase was made. So he houghf
in quantities and took the ;vodka
home ,to make short work of it.
, -The Russian, says Mr. Kennan,,
drank from a pint to a Quart when-
t ever : he drank at all. He became
drunk, and sooner or later, in one
of his periodical, sprees, heat his
wife, . sold his property, at half
price, set -fire to an enemy's house
or committed; some - crime which
brought ' ruin .,. upon him and his '
family. This has been ended and.
now even peasant families are mak-
ing email sayings. In many .house--
holds long , accustomed . to poverty
and strife there are peace! and
quiet."" , ' -J L
Going from homes to armies'.
Me. Kennan, says it is probable that
Russia's successes on the battle
fields are due' largely to the fact
i f hat Vn nfftnea or a mW on,
t vuv s a a w v a o a, v w tj a
clear-headed.' There is no ques
tion about the tact that 'Russia's
armies are showing an effective-
ness not t shown " in former
!cam-
paigns. Reorganization of
the
military ; forces on an efficiency
basis may be the explanation.! But
Mr. Kennan may be right in as
suming that.' the absence of vodka
is ia contributing cause.
IS THERE BRIDGE GRAFT?
T ": IS understood that there Is
some criticism of the work of
State Highway Engineer Bowl-
by. After reading his annual
ffte Ut 'or
pub
that r"v" : " 3 . "-
t t-i avk : n n ah l fi a sa A lnvt at vv- nnnr
UllplC V.OUUU1U VjA A L1V1D111 CHXVlXfy
some contractors and material men
In a chapter devoted to county
bridge construction. Mr. BowTby
gives detailed figures showing' that
bridge contractors have made a
profit as high as 150 per cent in
some instances.
It. Is quite natural that they
should object to supervision by the
state highway .department.
It is quite natural that they
should prefer to sell steel at the
rate of $184.72 per ton rati er'than
at the rate of $65.50 per tonj
It is quite natural that they
should make a greater profit on
wtjat Is known as stock bridges i
rather than on a specially designel
construction. .
But how is it with the taxpay
ers of the different counties?
a. bridge built at Newberg by
Marion and Yamhill: counties cost
approximatefy $30,000 more than
was' necessary even allowing a fair
profit to the contractors, asserts
Engineer Bowlby.
He cites a number of other cases
in proof of his claim of overcharge.
To demonstrate the saving i that
can be 4 made by having bridge,
work ; done' under state supervision
Mr. Bowlby compares the cost of
a bridge 1 built in Yamhill coun
ty without state supervision in
the year 1911 and. one built in the
sajne, county in 1914 under state
supervision. The latter, which is
longer, higher and of much heavier
construction, capable of carrying
twice the load of the. former, cost
$1746 less.
One of the principle materials'
in a bridge is steel. To sho the
great profit of contractors onjthis.
Engineer Bowlby compares thejeost
of steel for a bridge at Eugene
with that for the Sandy Stiver
bddge in Multnomah county. '
In the .former bridge, which; had
nOi state supervision; the charge on
148. 6 tons of steel was at thai rate
of $134.72 per ton. The mill price
of steel at Pittsburg was $28 per
ton. - : j
In the Sandy River bridge there
was 155 tons of steel. The price
on;-this was $65.50 per ton.' f The
mill price of steel at Pittsburg was
$2jS per ton. The Sandy River
bridge was constructed under the
supervision of the state highway
department, which explains j the
great difference in the cost of steel.
Engineer Bowlby'a report! ex
plains the statement made by a
bridge camp follower who said; "We
are going to get Bowlby's goat." .
WORK AND JUSTICE
N
EW YORK- is taking hojd of
the unemployment problem
in a large way. Therei are
I sixty public improvements of
ficially provided, for and the issu
ance of bonds to pay for them has
been authorized. The welfare ;com
mittee of the Citizens' Union is
urging that the improvements i be
started without delay and Work
given to the jobless! ;
iudge Elbert H. Oary, head of
the United States Steel Corporation,
is lone of New York's responsible
citizens who insist that It is the
duty of a city, whenever possible,
to (relieve distress by giving Jobs
rather than charity. He maintains '
there is no justice more exact, no
policy more promising, than giving
men and women, a chance to ; earn
what they eat, He says: .
!is obvious to me, and ( must be
svery practical thinker, that it
be ., far ; better- to carry men ; and
en through this ; winter on the
roll than on the, relief roil. It
onomical to take time and trouble
nd or even to create, when prac
ticable, employment of a really) pro
ductive nature for every person wil
ling to ;.work, for- such members of
our. community as are not self, sup
porting must be supported by the
public, and public support of thei non
productive Individual Is plain Waste.
It really comes down to this: The
mojre the community and the govern
ment do toward furnishing work for
the. workers, the more they are doing
at ft the same time for themselves.
Class lines tend to disappear tho mo- i
men t, this is "realised.; y- .; ,
New York Is not only attempting;
to provide jobs for the jobless that
city has organized a central emr-
geficy loan fund to relieve the euf-
feting of those out: of work.) : Its
chairman is George W. Perkins,
and Albert H. Wiggin, president of
the Chase .'National bank, is his as
sistant." Loans are to be made on
a man's urgent necessities and re
payment will depend largely upon
his character. , ,. ' j-
Efforts now beins made in New
York and other cities will not re
sult 4 In . solving the unemployment
problem, but they are evidence that
men of; note -have . at . last recog
nized the existence of such a prob
lem. " " . -:--
WAR AND REACTION
From the Boston Globe,
-Historical parallels are apt to be a I
of dubious value.1 Philosophic high
brows assure us of the unity f his
tory.w Human nature ia ' everywhere
and always , the same, they - say, and
like causes produce like effects. Pos
sibly, t But in this Jungle of a world
there are- two situations, two crises,
ever exactly" tha same? '
The question has been asked wheth
er tho present European convulsion
j will be followed, as the convulsion be-
tuuiuig iu iioi uiu jaBiing- unui loia
was followed by a period of reaction,
tynanny, repression, intolerance, or
whether political, economic and social
democracy has acquired such momen
tum In the past century that even a
temporary return to the dark ages is
impossible.,;.; irr-
The wise man will not prophesy or
dogmatize. He may, however, compare.
The throes and pangs of travail with
which Europe was torn for 26 yearn
had their origin in the struggles of the
under-dog- in. France. He wanted a
bone and his place in the sun. Rous
seau's electrifying sentence, "Man is
born free, and everywhere he is in
chains," had penetrated and thrilled
the French mind. That is one reason
why tyrants" have hated Rousseau's
memory. 1
The French revolution and the wars
it provoked. Napoleon and the wars he
provoked, though their . Immediate
causes may' have been very different.
all sprang originally from the seed
planted in fertile soil by Rousseau and
tne French Liberals. Blind and con
fused and mixed as were the motives,
and manifold as were the cross-currents,
In that f fearful quarter of a
century from- 1789 to X816, the strug
gle was in reality a mighty effort -to
break the chains which absolutism and
privilege had forged., - v'
And on the continent, if not in Eng
land, absolutism won. The strength
of the under dog seemed spent. His
masters had him by the throat and
held him for 33 years longer, or until
me revuiuuun.cn mj, rnose were
halcyon times i for the reactionaries,
especially in Austria, . Germany and
Russia. Autocracy was the god, and
Prince Metternich was his prophet
the most sinister influence of modern
times. :- , . . I
As masterful , as- f Hildebrand, as
shrewd and calculating as Machia
velli, as bold as Napoleon, as smooth
and slippery and subtle as Talley
rand, as polished, adroit, plausible and
resourceful as Satan himself, Metter
nich stood at the head of continental
politics in Europe for 30 years, and
succeeded in crushing almost every
national or liberal movement.
with the. aid of the congress , of
Vienna, held in 1815 to sttl tho at
fairs of Europe, and with the aid of
suDsequent congresses, which merely
ratified Metternich's decisions, and
with, of course, the hearty, approval
of the rulers and the aristocracy and
the clergy, he held Europe in bondage.
lie naa a logical ana consistent me
dieval mind. He detested tho French
revolution, its excesses and. the dev
astating wars that grew out of it. He
saw only evil ' in the great changes
lamng piace.- tie Doasted that the
reasoning of the French philosophers
naa lert nis stancn old opinions un
touched. He believed -In the divine
right of kings. He held that men had
no natural right to govern themselves
or to decide upon their religious be
liefs. All talk about constitutions and
representative government he consid
ered highly dangerous. He set , back
the hands on the European clock a
full half century. He abhorred inno
vation. He throttled education in
Austria. He applied a ruthless cen
Borsbip to newspapers, books, thea
tres. His spies were everywhere.
Austria stagnated. His motto was:
covern, and change nothing." He
sought, with, partial success, to . ex
tend his "system" throughout Europe
and even to - the New World. His
threats and the threats of his friends
and backers led to the formulation of
our Monroe doctrine, in 1823.
e
Sucl until. In 1848, the infuriated
people arose and stoned his house 'and
broke into the royal palace and de
manded his dismissal and he fled to
England such was the power of
Clement Wencelaus Nepomuk Lothairc,
Prince of Metternlch-Winneburg-Och-
senhausen, prime minister of Austria,
over . the . earthly destinies of more
than 100,000,000 souls. i
In his efforts to stifle the fires of
revolution he made use of that queer
and altogether unique device, con
ceived in the brain of Czar Alexander
I, and known las tho Holy Alliance.
It was accepted by the Austrian em
peror, who took It seriously, and by
the Prussian king. The Irony of the
document lay in the fact that all tbred
signers were narrow-minded, llleberal
despots. By the terms of this singu
lar agreement the three monarchs
bound themselves to be guided in the
mutual relations of their states with
one another solely by the "subline
truths which are taught by the eter
nal religion off God ouf Savior."
Diplomats regarded the matter as
more or less of a joke. Metternich
declared that the pious treaty was a
mess of "verbiage. Castlereagh, the
British foreign! secretary, said it was
"a piece of sublime mysticism and
nonsense." 1
In fact, Alexander's well-meant
league amounted, to nothing. It was
not. - as haa of tan', been said, - a con
spiracy of despotic rulers to repress
all liberal movements, for it contained
no allusion to f the danger of revolu
tion, but tho name, "Holy Alliance,"
came to be applied by reformers to
subsequent agreements and organiza
tions of the powers, not to promote
Christian charity, but to fight reform
under the worldly guidance of Met
ternich.
Things went! swimmingly for reac
tion until France deposed the Bour
bons and established a liberal govern
ment in 1830. Belgium threw off the
Dutch yoke and. became an - lndepen
dent state the' next year." Germany,
Austria and even Russia were fer
menting, and finally, by 1848, in every
European state liberal parties had
come into existence, promoting the
cause of popular government, a free
press, -equalityi of all before the law
and the abolition of tho last vestiges
of feudalism.
The eruption
off 1798 was from be
low. It was the revolt of the people
against their rulers. The eruption of
1914 seems to have come largely from
above. At least tho rulers might have
averted it- - j .. . .-
Years must elapse before we shall
know whether I world-wide '.democracy
will follow this war, or whether its
net result will be a tightening of tbe
chains by which autocracy, despotism
and militarism . have held European
mankind. . . '. .-
Will a Metternich arise in Europe after
the war and take advantage of the
exhaustion anrl depression to impose
his will and the will of autocrats upon
an exhausted humanity? Or will tho
peoples get the governments into their
own hands? s;-.V..-;ib;1';;-j
. These questions interest Americans
scarcely less ? than - Europeans, and
the attitude of America toward them
will have a profound influence in their
settlement. - .
IN SCHOOL DAYS
By John Greenleaf Whittier;
STILL sits the school house by the road,
A ragged beggar sunning;
Around' it still the sumachs grow, :
And blackberry vines are running.
Within, the master's desk is seen, - -Deep
scarred by raps, official;
The warping floor,, the battered seats,
The jack-knife's carved initial. .
The charcoal frescos on its wall;
Its door's worn sill, betraying ;
The feet that, creeping slow to school
.Went storming out to playing t
Long years ago a winter sun
- Shone over it at setting;
Lit up its western window panes,
And low eves' icy fretting.
It touched the tangled golden curls,
And brown eyes full of grieving.
Of one who still her steps delayed
When all the school were leaving.
FOr near her stood the little boy '
Her childish favor singled;
His cap pulled low upon a face
Where pride and shame were mingled
Pushing with' restless feet the snow i
To right and left, he lingered-
As restlessly her tiny hands
The blue checked apron fingered.
He saw her lift her eyes; he felt
The soft hand's light caressing,
And heard the trembling of her voice,
As if a fault confessing.
"I'm sorry that I spelt the word:
1'hate to go above you,
Because" the brown eyes lower fell
"Because, you see, 1 love youl" : .
Still memory to a gray haired man
That sweet child-face is showing,
Dear girlt the grasses on her grave
Have forty years been growingl
He lives to learn, in life's hard school,
. How few who pass above him
v Lament their triumph and his loss,.
Like her because they love him.
DOUBTS ABOUT
From the Literary Digest 1
The sultan's proclamation of a holy
war, in which all good Mussulmans are
to join against the allies, does not
seem to have caused the anticipated
dismay among the ranks of the latter.
A London correspondent of tho New
York Tribune sees "no indications that
the proclamation is effective outside
the actual dominions of the sultan."
He does not believe that .either in In
dia or Egypt has the proclamation
been "anything but a Platonic pro
nouncement." Indeed, "it seems to
have had more effect in those regions
of northern Africa with which France
ia concerned, while two of the neutral
nations, Italy and Spain, appear to be
much more alarmed by it than any of
the belligerent allies. In Englandr wo
are told, the proclamation is not taken
very seriously. The London Nation
informs its readers the Calif is not an
elected Pope or "a Lama sanctified by
hirth." He is. simply "the Moslem
chief who holds the road to Mekka,"
and if the arrnies of the Turkish sul
tan "can not do this for him, he has
ceased automatically to be Calif." The
Ottoman empire, tho Nation says,
might lose Constantinople and . "remain
the first power in the Moslem world."
but 'If it lost Arabia it would lose all
claim to the veneration and obedience
of Moslems beyond the borders." It
continues: -
"Th idea that this might be 4 a
salutary thing to bring about has
haunted the Imagination of some
schools Of Anglo-Indian officials for
more than a ' generation. It may ex
plain the rather intimate relations
which we have always kept up, for no
other obvious reason, with some semi
independent Arab chiefs. Friends of
Islam, like Mr. Wilfrid Blunt, have
advocated it.
"Today there are signs that it is
among the possibilities of this shatter
ing war. An oddly worded official
communication has declared this week
that we shall not pursue military oper
ations in Arabia, save for the purpose
of assisting the Arabs to free them
selves from Turkish oppression. If
any Arab chief and most of them
claim to be of the lineage of the Pro-
met one or the inveterate rebels or
he Yemen, for example, should man
age, with some aid from us, to make
himself master of the holy places, the
problem of the Califate would be
solved,.
"There is something to appeal to the
romantic imagination in the notion of
a military stroke which would alter
at one blow the spiritual allegiance
of millions of men."
In this - contingency, England, of
course, would lose nothing, and would
BUT THE WORLD
By Dr. Frank Crane.
(Copyright, ll, by Frank Crane.
-Centuries ago the Hebrew prophets
spoke - of the era when men should
beat their swords into ploughshares,
when war should cease 'and none
should any more hurt or destroy; but
the world was not ready. i
"About two thousand years ago the
angels broke through tho sky and an
nounced "Peace o.-v earth and good-will
toward men;' but the world was not
ready. -
i When Dante was a boy, Pierre du
Bois, a young lawyer of Constances,
In Normandy, proposed a congress of
princes which should organize an in
ternational court of arbitration;, but
the world was not ready.
Dante presented in Lia "De Monar
chic." the idea of peace through world
empire and an international organiza
tion; but the world was not ready.
In 1624 a Frenchman, r.amed Emeric
Cruee " wrote a book, "The New Cy
neas," in which for the first time in
the world was developed the Thought
of a regular system of arbitration; but
the World was not ready.
Henry IV. of France conceived what
he called The Great Design. It was no
less than a proposal to organize the
world by a federation of the nations,
and to substitute processes of law for
the' existing custom of war; but the
world was not ready.
Hugo Grotius wrote "The Rights of
War and Peace," .the most monumen
tal work of Its kind; he endeavored to
inject some reason and humanity into
organized patriotic butchery; but th
world was not ready.
About the same time George Fox in
England, wearing a leather suit,
preached woe to war'; he and h's fellow
"Quakers' refused to fight; they were
out and out Christians; but they., were
persecuted with bitter malignity; , for
tho world was not ready. i
Another Quaker, William Penn, not
only founded the jsole American colony
that got along peaceably with the
Indians, because he did not approach
them as a bully, but also, in his
"Present and Future Peace of Europe"
advocated a General diet of Nations;
but tho world was not ready. -;
. Immanuel Kant, one of the worM'd
greatest minds, declared In his essay
on "Eternal ' Peace" that there e.n
THE HOLY WAR
perhaps emerge the stronger with her
Mohammedan .dependencies through
her protection extended to the new
master of the holy cities. And the
Aga Khan, whose word in religious
things is law to millions of Moham
medans in India and elsewhere, does
not seem to favor the idea of a "holy
war
made in Germany, or for Ger
nunr. TTrnm hi m.iuir. tsir.n h..
me new rone Kvenine Fait rrom th
Calcutta Englishman, we quote as fol
lows: i .
"If Germany succeeds, which Hea
ven forbid. Turkev will become onlv a
vassal of Germany, and the kaiser's res
ident will be the rear ruler of Turkey,
and will control the holy cities. No
islamic interest was threatened in
thla wur anH ni ii.ini urn. in
peril, nor -was Turkev In neril. for thit
nusn and Russian empires and the
. w r v
f y repuuiic .aa Boiemmy o.iierea
V n rllQranTAA m I D aalfniHaai I
r r;' . " r.""..'"?
remained at peace.
W . ----- -- "
"Turkey was the trustee of Islam,
and the whole world was content to
let her hold our holv cities in her ken.
t IkT ... a v. a m t i -t , '
trSusly shown herself a tool In TGer -
a laa v J. 0 O llVk VitAJT 1 UlUfU
rro 1 1 n ii v nun inir hat nnaifiAn nr
trustee oi isiam ana evil win overtake
'.uicy nan. ircrn. pernuaaea : m
nraw tne sword in an unholy cause,
irom wnicn sire rouia oe nut ruined.
whatever elxa hannpni-il and ih, will
lOBe ner position as a great nation, for
ui.ii luiBiny BUYtrriRus an me mnK-
Sr.Y" m"lJT2u,?'B'Y9. oe -
firhtinir ny
wierr " mui a bv v ciau m i r-SLXAjr t
not gone to war for the cause of Islam
ni Tfr t h A A Afjbrt R n't inHonanrlanna
J'"? "".r0,"1 ?uif..a"..afoslem ",w. "
tu it3AXi2i.iii luvai. i alalia hi. n nn nnwi aht
t A' j -.r..ir .r' ':
ance. "
Several - editors remind us that the
schism in Islam would Injure the ef
fectiveness of a .holy war. Says tho
Churchman (Protestant Episcopal, New
York), for instance: ;
"Islam is divided lnio two great and
hostile camps the Bhiahs and the
Sunnites. So strong -is the religious
prejudice between these two sects tbat
one branch of Mohammedans would
not for a moment consider taking up
arms in behalf of tbe other.., .The
quarrel chiefly concerns the question
of the legitimate descendants of the
Prophet," and the feeling is almost ait
Intense as between Christians and
Jews. The great hero of the Shlaha is
All. and be is regarded by the. Hunnites
with as much affection as the Scotch
CameronJans look upon the pope. To
get tho opposing; factions to act to
gether would require a miracle similar
to those recorded of Mohammed in the
Koran."
WAS NOT READY
1 1
never be permanent peace until tbe
world is organized; but tho world was
not ready. -
It was Noah Worcester and Wllllaia
Ellery Channlng .who started the
Massachusetts Peace society; they
thought matters out to the same con
clusionworld federation; but tho
world was not ready.
In August, 1898, tho Czar of - Russia
called a conference to consider the
limitation of armaments; in 1889 Wil
liam Randall Cremer a member of tbe
English parliament, founded tho In
terparliamentary union, so that ' the
lawmakers and not the gunroakers
might settle international questions;
but the world was not ready.
neason, common sense, commerce,
all forms of industry, the maaa
tne ceoole. elementkrv fuatlrra mrf
religion of Jesus Christ, all unito to-
oay in urging the United States gov
ernment to begin the Federation of
the World; must it forever be sail
that the world is not ready?
Worrtf Federation is no new thing.
It is as old ae the dreams of men. We
have dreamed enough. ; Let us. bring it
to pass! i - '( ..
Sllnce fie In the Trenches.
From' tho- Philadelphia Ledger,
lsh soldiers in Flanders carried a
present' of mince pie to their foes in
the : German trenches, an act which
was later reciprocated by Teutonic
courtesies. Similar exchanges of hos
pitality have been reported from
Galicia and other fields of action
Such incidents only go to show that
warfare is not the hostility of man
to man, but an affair of nations in
which racial or territorial or imperial- j
istic ambitions are the precipitating
causes. It is Impossible for men to :
hate other men whom they have never j
seen.- Warfare Is an artificial bar
barity in which the essential elements
of - humanity are ' 'violated and out
raged. - Just in proportion -as govern
ments become humanized and demo
cratized do the chances .of war de
crease; It is the aristocracies, the .
autocracies and the bureaucracies that 1
give, occasion for international strife.
A referendum on whether a particular
conflict should be waged might well
It-ad to avoidance of wars. ..
nr ZAMVX CATS
By Trad LockUy, BpaeUl Itaff Writer a
Tha JaoraaL' '
"While we were out looking--for a
route from Port Orf ord ; to -.connect
with the main road from ' Oregon to
California in the summer of 1852; tho
Indiana stole Lieutenant, Williamson
male-and two of our horses." said
William 1L Pack wood, one of tho first
settlers in Coos county and now liv
ing at Baker. "Lieutenant Stanton de
cided to abandon the aeareh for a rtni. J
able route back from the coast tem
porarily and punish the Indians. W
came to the Indian village at the big
Df na orj the itogue river. When tho
Indians jsaw us. most of them too
to their! canoes and started down tho
river. The rest of tho Indians hid in
the brush by the river bank, command
inar the l river, so thev could "nhoot ui
as we crossed. Two Indian canoes
were tied to the bank, and as tho river
was deep and the current swift. Lieu
tenant Stanton decided to secure thes?
canoes to cross hts .men in, to attack
tho. Indian village. He called for vol
unteers to swim the river and get tat
canoes.
"Two men stepped out One of them
was Byron N. Dawes, a Massachusetts
man, who prided himself upon having
a trace of Indian blood and upon being
a relative of United States Senator
Er.wes of Massachusetts. In the three
years of our service, Dawes was. never
known to have had a personal diffi
culty, lie was considered -a coward, aa
be had received many insults 'without
resenting them. He was one of two to
volunteer to do a very dangerous feat
swim Rogue river 'and capture a
canoe and bring it across the river by
swimming on his side in such a waV
tbat the current would drive the canoe
across. He knew, too, that tho brush
on the bank of tho river .was full of
Indians with bows and arrows, in easy
range. Marlon" Dildine of Tennessee
was the other volunteer. Tho Indiana
in tho brush- across tho river were
about 20 feet higher than we were on
the brushy bar opposite them. As
soon as Dawes and Dildine were ready,
the lieutenant had the men act as skir
mishers on the bar. He ordered us to
tell off, that la, to call numbers. It
was 1, 2, S, 4, and fire by jnumbers.
That would bo 1 and 3 first and 2 and
4, second, so as to keep up. steady
fire. Our guns were musketoons, carrying-
an ounce ball and throe buck
shot They were short guna for cav
airy service, and had a return or
swivel rammer. In this way, as soon
js 1 atid 3 fired their pieces, they lm
meOiately began to load; while they
were loading, 2 and 4 fired. They
were to keep thla up until the order to
cease firing was given. All being
readv. Dawes and Dildine mace a run
from the bar to the river and alvea.
They swam under water as far as they
could and came ud only when forced to
uu so w sci uieir uixnui, uu
and in this wav crossed the river, and
each secured one of tne canoes. . TBI
Indians in the brush let fly a largo
number of arrows at them, but the
flra of our men from the bar into the
brush lcent tha Indians baK from tne
front of tha river bank, and as tne
i crnioci were tied under a bank 20 Of
mor feet hlch. thev had a Door show
, - m ---
! to hit our men while they were cutting
th rHnoa loose. The firinsr from the
br was keot un until the men with the
i I l .IJ.
canoes were safe back on our side. Had
thv hn hit with an arrow It would
hava been about one chance in 100
tht thev would not have drowned, as
I theff canyon i with dangerous
"
i rnn u. airr waa nitrn. a 1 1 1 iiimi aai x cun
irfri it a brave act. andl never
i hurd Dawes couraare aueStlOfied 'alter
,wQ . ... -
( -
I "Two loadn of men were Sent Over
the river in tbe canoes. Tha flrlnsr a
skirmishers continued while we were
1 croaainsr. Thev soon had tue brush
ctrared nf Indian, and et flra to somr
, -a.
turned to the north side. ; These rIn
' a. j k. a aft.... k.AA
tv accurate shots with their bow. and
.
nrrou . We learned later that 16 were
Kiiii'ii. i lie niiHHtH vr .mm wci o oiu
to have from 300 to 400 Indians.
"After the Indiana were cleared out
w camned back or tne nar. in - mm
ls-a of tho timber. Abbott and I
were sergeants of the auurd. We had
12 mn on sruard. for our horses and
mules had to be sruarded. as wen as
the c&noe we had captured. We. sta-
tlanfA FrlMlman. tbe only jew in our
rnmnanv. aa a-uard over tne canoes
Abbott had lust relieved me. I was
lying down, intending to try and sleep
nmr. when ban r went a shot down at
tho ranoes. then a second shot. Wo
knew Fritz Friedman was In trouble.
Ahhntt took several men and ran to
tli river, to the canoes.. FritZle-WaS
nn bia noat. bv a biff rock, and the
niinM mr Mr. I-Tltl had KCD an
Indian awiminlnar across the river to
get the canoes, lie snot at mm, reioao a
I a rA -hot a aerond time, but in . his
evcitment be failed to return ram
. .hm kt a m fA of t ha Tnnlan
When Abbott got down to tho canoes
i hat fniinrt Vrita all riKhT. except n was
mlnna hia ramrod, and was Unable 10
load hia anin. I saw Friedman, in the
alxtlaai. keaolnar a butcher shoo in
Portland.
rt mar seem, at this day. that the
lieutenant was hastv and had little
cause for attacking these Indians. They
had no doubt stolen our mule and the)
had stolen two of oar horses.- They
wr bed Indians and would, have
killed white men if the opportunity
had presented itself, and as 'bad In
diana the lieutenant chastised them
on general principles.
I do not believe any account of this
Indian fia-ht has ever found its war
into nrint -The next dav we started
back to Coauille river. As we marched
wa heard tbe mournful cries of the
I Indian women on tne mountain Dactc
of their villa ee. wallinr for their dead
I felt sorry for them. The trouoie waa
brmierht on all of - them by a few
thieves and bad men of their tribe,"
We'd Give Them Joyfully. "
" From the Houston Post
Eueboe continues to call upon us for
doctors and nurses ' and we are re-
anondina- as well as we can. But what
we anouid like to Know is. can t our
belliaerent friends over there find
some use for our politicians? -:.
Easily Satisfied. .
From the Houston Post
But I haven't enough work to keep
an able-bodied man like, you busy."
"Oh, I shan't mind that." t
The Woman's Page
The Journal, each evening pre
senta" a. number of striking
- features,. Many of them are
- of exclusive interest to wom
en; others -are of general
j appeal. -.
They all are worth while. Cul
tlvate this daily : feature
page;' you will find It profit
- able.