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THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND. SATURDAY; EVENING. DECEMBER 19, 1914.
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No genius can afford to neg
lect the patient labors of the
world greatest thinkers, and
strike out , for himself. Car
dinal Gibbons..
THE RATE INCREASE
T
T HAS not been the idea of The
Journal that the Eastern rail
roads should receive the five
per cent rate advance, v hlch
was granted them by the order, of
the Interstate . Commerce Commis
sion, announced yesterday.
It.has rather boen the conviction
that greater efficiency in opera
tion, smaller waste in overhead ex
pense,' elimination of stock jobbing
and ,a general policy of operation
opposite . to late New , " Haven
methods are the true way for the
roads to eirn profits and attract
investors. -However,
in assuming' authority
to regulate rates, the government
cannot always expect to regulate
them downward. If government
actually fixes rates as it now un
dertakes to do, it is easily com
prehensible that a condition may
arise when an Increase of rates
might be necessary.
The commission says that the
condition has now appeared in the
destructive effects of the Eu
ropean war on American transpor
tation and other business. In line
with this, it is notable that the
commission refused the railroad's
' application for the present increase
on the 29th of last July. In that
decision the, . carriers were i left
about where they were before. The
next day, war broke out !n Europe,
end on September 15, the carriers
asked for a re-hearing because of
conditions made woree by the war,
and It is in response to this latter
petition that yesterday's decision
granting the increase was aanded
down.
It is thus apparently to the ad
vantage of the roads that they are
under government regulation,; be
cause they are the only activity
in the country which" government
. attempts to deliver from the de
structive effects of a war that has
dislocated business and distressed
industry on evsery continent.
Vast consideration and unlimited
investigation have "been given by
the commission to the rate advance
now authorized. The powers under
which the decision is made were
giveni to the commission in 1910.
They were first used by the body
in refusing an advance proposed by
the roads in official classification
territory. The roads then petitioned
for the case to be reopened, but
the application was denied.
After three years, the five per'
cent Increase was applied for, but
was suspended pending hearings
by the commission. The hearings
began in November last year and
continued throughout the winter.
They were followed by a week of
argument early last May, and after
80 days of deliberation, the com
mission on July 29 handed down a
decision which practically denied
the increase. Respecting the ef
. feet of the war on the carriers, the
commission says in yesterday's de
cision: ' i
The European conflict doubtless
' wlll create an unusual demand on
tlio world's loan fund of free capital
nd may be expected to check the
flow of foreign funds to . American
rallroadB. Whatever the consequences
of the war may prove to be, we
must recoirnljse the fact that It ex
lRts, the fact that it is a calamity
without precedent, and the fact that
by It the commerce of the world has
, been disarranged and thrown i into
confusion.
;' t; There can be no charge that the
commission has, not given long and
arduous consideration to the issue.
( There can be no denial that1 the
body had before it a vast array of
data and, that it was not until
after repeated refusals and the
advent of a world condition never
. i'rttiieiru, mai iue aavance was
finally authorized.
Let it be hoped that there is
nothing in the. decision to lessen
, tne conspicuous v confidence the
country has so far held in T this
; high tribunal whose equitable and
Just exercise of , power means -so
much to the American people.
. AMERICA'S MEAT SUPPIA"
-i nvnr.iAKi ; nuusiUiN Bays
the shortage in the nation's
tl meat supply is the most seri-
, ous economic question now
faced" by the people. The secre
tary of agriculture declares 1 that
prices are going still higher, and
there is no Immediate prospect of
preventing the. Increase.
. In his annual report Mr. Hous
ton gives much attention 'to the
causes and results growing out of
diminishing numbers of food ani
mals compared with the demand
for meat His conclusion is Jthat
unless fanners, begin to raise cattle
Tnore generally the . cost of beef
steaks ! within a few years will be
prohibitive for "most people.
The national government- and
private agencies are working to-
either in an attempt to Bolve the,
yiuuiem. juui mey aione. are aue- ;
qual to the task. The situation distribution. It would not be so bad i
cuua upuu ue iaruiers . retspvuw 1
to the appeal for the raising of j
more cattle and . the government a I
ability to control asjmal diseases, j
Mr. Houston says the recent foot i
and mouth epidemic illustrates one)
cause of meat shortage. , j
There is at least one large class
which will be much interested in
the secretary's report. The farm
er's of the country will read in
the mounting shortage a certainty
of high prices, and be moved to a
larger attention to the livestock
industry. t
For a number of years, animal
husbandry has been one of the
most remunerative activities on the
farm. It is one of the means by
which the fertility of the, land is
conserved or. restored, and this
has turned many a farmer, into
larger operations in livestock.
The present assurance of con
tinued high prices .should, and
doubtless will, add impetus to
stockraising in Oregon, where the
business Is swiftly taking on new
and better methods.
W-H EX. SWORD IS DRAWN
A'
N ACCOUNT of the sinking of
the Scharnhorst in the naval
battle off Falkland islands
tells of the courage with
which the German sailors went to
doom with the ship. It says:
When it became evident that she
was doomed, her crew assembled on
the forward dek. The Scharnhorst
refused to surrender, and after an
hour's fighting, plunged beneath the
waves. The crew preserved its for
mation as the ship went down, and
cheered as the waters closed 'above
them.
BaUIe has a cruel ethics. In
nothing else is it accounted a
weakness or wrong to conserve
life. In nothing else but? the ty
rannical exactions of war would
It have been reckoned a virtuous
requirement for - the Scharnhorst,
when her doom was certain, not
to have surrendered and saved the
lives of the thousand or so of grim
sailors in battle formation on her
decks. In cothing else would "it
have been the unwritten law to
satisfy the brutal- ethics of war,
that these brave men should go
down with a ship that was doomed,
should waste their priceless lives
in a wanton act that could better
nothing,, that could help nobody,
that could serve no good end.
They could have had a better
fate. There is a way in which
they could better have served Ger
many. They could, had the code
of war been less cruel, have been
saved to return to the fatherland,
there to strive and build in the
works of peace, there torlnng joy
and gladness instead of mourning
into the .homes of gentle mothers
and sisters and brothers, there to
Join in the great task of recon
structing the great commonwealth
laid waste and desolate by the exi
gencies of war.'
They went .down with cheers,
and probably with the ships band
playing Der Wacht am Rhein. It
was a thrilling -Spectacle of manly
courage, an&d of devotion to the
fatherland. It was one of
stirring incidents to enrich
the
the
annals of naval warfare.
But what a cruel sacrifice, and
what a futile wste of precious
lives! : '
How dangerously near to the
law of the jungle and to the prin
ciple of-the beak and 'talons is
civilization brought when great
chancellories unsheathe the sword!
PUBLIC DEFENDERS
I
N DIFFERENT parts of the
United States there stems to be
a growing sentiment for the
creation of the office of "pub
lic defender" whose duty It shall
be to render legal service to those
accused of crimes and misdemean
ors who are unable to retain an
attorney. '
While there may be need for
such an official there is a danger
that the- office may become an in
strument of oppression by falling
into improper hands through the
influence of local politics.
It was the old theory of the
common law that the state's at
torney was in a great measure the
attorney also for defendant per
sons. He was to be something
more than a prosecutor. Ho was
to see that a fair trial was secured
and that justice was done.
'Through the false notion that
success is measured by the number
of convictions obtained many
Btate's attorneys degenerate into
prosecutors. Their disregard of
the true function of their office
has created this demand for a
public defender.
AN ECONOMY MEASURE
A
BILL drawn by Congressman
Barnhardt, chairman of the
; house printing committee, is
for. the purpose of prevent
ing wasteful printing by the gov
ernment. The measure has passed
the bouse; it should get the sen
ate 8 approval.
The Barnhardt bill. If it becomes
a law, will hit another abuse than
wasteful printing.. It will strike
Tblow at misuse of the franking
privilege, preventing the use of
congressional franks for the bene-
nt of persons not officially con
nected with the government.
There should be reform, both in
printing and distributing public
documents. Every recurring eiec-
iioi Dnnga evidence of what it
costs the . government to pro
mote me interests of individuals
Speeches that were never delivered,
BiHiemenw ; mai were never ut
tered, are epread broadcast over
the country, the government pay-1
iug me com. oi priming ana ais-
1 uj rouwuerauie jjrupgruou uijoimoBi ireuieu, mureaisius 1 11 um !
this franked matter was ever read. 50.44 pounds per capita. In li&9 to i
But for the greater part, it boss ;
into the waste paper basket or into
the kitchen stove. : " r
A few years ago a senator gave
a - business concern In his state a
puff which served in sellfjig? the
concern's goods. The senator's re-,
marks were printed and circulated
at the government's expense under
his frank. That sort of outrage Is
not being committed today, but it
was only recently that orie of the
senate's leaders stood convicted of
having given the use of his frank
to a lobby. - The people's own
money was used by a propaganda
fighting the people's best inter
ests. The Barnhardt bHl promises f
save a million dollars a year now
wasted. It is a sum worth saving.
THE SEATTLE RIOT
T
HERE are unemployed and un
employed. -
Seattle has . unemployed
who refuse to be employed.
Some of them have been "rush
ing" restaurants, whieh means that
they go to cafes, eat a meal and
then leave without paying, relying
on the force of their numbers to
escape penalties. Last night a
gang of 200 attempted such an
outrage and a small riot resulted.
Seattle, like every other city, Is
straining every resource to aid the
unemployed. It Is a work of
mercy which engages the "endeav
ors of serious-minded people. It
is an outrage for agitators at such
a time and under . such circum
stances to push their contemptible
propaganda of "direct action" or
I. W. W-ism.
Nobody is more directly inter
ested in resisting such action than
are the honest and legitimate un
employed. Even more than the
police and more than the citizens
of the community; the deserving
unemployed should resist lawless
and riotous methods.
Nothing is more discouraging to
those who are trying to aid the
idle than are the outrages at Seat
tle. Nothing will do more to check
the good impulses of those striving
to afford employment and sur
vival to those in need than the
"rushing" of restaurants and other
practices counselled by I. W. W.
agitators.
The honest and deserving unem
ployed in every city can render
themselves a high' service by a
Bturdy and effective opposition to
all disorder and all lawlessness.
SERVIA'S FIGHTERS
s
ERVIA'S
recent successes
against
J-.,.t,.t,
ausiua iuiuiu Lut?
of the most picturesque
cidents of the war. What
ever may be one's " sympathies in
the general conflict, it ; is impos
sible to suppress admiration of
this little country's fighters.
After four months of war it
began to look as though the back
bone of Servian -resistance was
broken. The Austrian troons had
captured Belgrade and were pene
trating the country. But with
King Peter on the firing line to
inspire them, the Servians rallied
and threw back the invaders In
confusion. The Austrians were out
maneuvered and outfought, Bel
grade, was retaken, and reports
from Nish are that the entire
strength of the Austrian southern
army is now only 30,000.
Servia's successes will not de
termine the war. Austria expected
to overwhelm the little kingdom,
but many troops were required on
the eastern frontier to operate
against the Russians. That fact
gave Servia her chance, and it
cannot be denied that a minor na
tion which had just gone through
two w ; has shown remarkable
fighting qualities.
Ai one time Servia embraced
Bothnia, Albania, Macedonia, Thes
saly, part of Bulgaria and most
of the Hellenic peninsula. But its
dominance was brief: Turkish in
vasion brought disaster and the
larger European powers used the
opportunity to seize territory. Since
then Servia's fortunes have risen
and fallen rapidly.
If Germany and Austria win the
present war Servia may cease to
exist as a nation, but if the allies
win they must, if they are grateful,
recognize what Servian fighters
have dne in keeping 'Austria busy
where she expected easy victories.
OUR SUGAR EXPORTS
T
HE European war's effect upon
sugar exports is shown by
figures compiled by the de
partment of commerce. Near
ly a quarter million pounds of
domestic refined sugar was export
ed from continental United , States
during August, September and Oc
tober.
The exports for those three
months were more than 100,d00,
000 pounds in excess of the entire
exports in 1910, the high-record
year of the last quarter century.
Export in August amounted to 38,
956,305 pounds; in September, 52,
290,773, and'in October, 138,372,
686, a total for the three months
of 229,619,714 pounds.
This total for - three months
stands against total exports of
97,000,000 - pounds in" the entire
fiscal year of 1914; 44,000,000 in
1913; 125,000.000 in 1910, and
10,000,000 In 1903. Another sig
nificant fact is that In 1913 and
1914 practically all the sugar , ex
ports were refined from imported
raw sugar, and received a draw
back equal to the duties paid on
the raw product, lees one "pep cent,
In twenty-five years sugar con-
sumption in the United States has
86.85 ; pounds in 1914. i'ln' that
period the domestic product has
grown from 3 49,000000 to t,841,
000,000 pounds, while Europe, the
Tliitrh V.ati Indlaa irtit nlhpr for-
eign countries, not including 'Cuba,
Hawaii, the Philippines and Porto
Rico, have decreased their sales in
this country from 1,219, 000,000
to 2 3 ,4 0 0,0 0 0 . pounds. Meanwhile
our exports of sugar grew! from
20,000,000 pounds In 1889 to 97,
000,000 pounds In the year ending
June 30, 1914. '
These figures do not " Indicate
that sugar is an infant industry ;
needing the protecting carol of a
prohibitive tariff. .
' iCommanleattons seat to The Journal
pabUcatton in tbia department ahonld be writ
ten on only ooe aide of the paper, aboold not
exceed 800 word lu ieogtb aod nait be ac
companied by the name and addrew of tba
tender. - it the writer docs not decire to
have the name pabLated. be asoald tte.)
"Discussion H tbe greatest of all reform
ers. . It rationalise everything It touches. It
roba principle of all false aanctity acd
throws them back an tbeir reasonableness. If
tbey have no reaaonablenssa, It ruthlessly
crushes them out of existence and aet np Ita
own conclusions In tbeir . stead.? Wood row
Wilson. . j
A Man of Peace. y
Portland, Or., Dec. 16. To the faditor
of The, Journal In behalf of the pat
riots of Oregon and our-entire country
I wish to render double thanks to God
for the noble stand of The Oregon
Journal on the side of national peace,
as exhibited In your many editorials,
but especially the editorial in the first
column of -the editofeal page of Mon
day, December 14. "What a bloody mud
dle this nation would be in if a hot
headed man were occupying the chair
of our chief executive in the .White
House .in Washington! The 'name,
"Woodrow Wilson," will occupy a place
in the galaxy of nations, side by side
with the great peace makers of the
world. Never has a mortal man in
the high places among men, ' better
represented the Prince of Peace than
Woodrow Wilson, as president of our
republic. Throw the mantle of charity
over any mistake he has made or may
yet make. He is our third Moses and
under God is saving our country, f More
over the constitutionalists of ' Mexico
have only done what other nations
have done in ridding their country of
internicine troublers. That is none of
our business. It is to be set down to
their credit. The constitutionalists
stand for the rights and liberties of the
pons the common people, as against
an autocratic, privileged class who
have for centuries treated f them as
slaves and bound them with the shack
les of ignorance lest they might make
the discovery that they were: only
slaves. Let us hope that unintentional
blunders made by struggling freemen
along the border will not be a caflsa
belli by our government. Let us not
be like a burly pugilist, going i about
with a chip on his shoulder, ready for
any fray; or 'the quarrelsome schoolboy-
among his lesser schoolmates,
anxious for an opportunity to defend
his "honor." Let us be men to whom a
warring world can look and see a
grand specimen of noble ; Christian
u..w,iri.,i 'VI
the worm n It
strueeles unward
loward that epoch foretold by the
prophet of God. When 'nations f'shall
beat their swords into plowshares and
their spears into pruning hooks
and neither shall they learn war any
mora"
J. H. LEI PER.
. t I
Goods Made in Oregon. -Portland.
Dec.15. To the Editor of
The Journal We are hearing la lot
nowadays about patronizing I home
products, manufactured and otherwise,
and it is all good and sounds well; but
what does It amount to, so long as we
do not know what the home products
are? I have lived here a good': many
years, and paid the bills with fair reg
ularity, but I confess that I don't know
what is manufactured in Oregon, and
the Jabel is not apparent on the goods
that" we buy. When I go. into a store,
or telephone an order, nobody tells me
or offers to sell me .anything with an
Oregon trademark on it. How are we
to know? Why don't you print, for,
once, at least, a complete list in your
paper, giving us the facts? We could
then cat out such a list, and by that
means thousands of your readers would
have a ready reference of home prod
ucts. We need them all, Uttle and big,
especially 1 the little industries. Just
starting. . H. L. NOTTINGHAM.
(There are practical difficulties in
the way of presenting such a list as
the correspondent requests,1 such as
that it would be too long; ithat few
would take the pains to preserve it;
that it would for no long time be ac
curate, since there would be constant
accessions and recessions, and that
there seems to be a better way. a That
better way, it might be maintained,
would be for customers to demand
that the Oregon product in any given
line be placed before theni without
fail. Dealers would soon- realize the
demand and Its Importance, and would
pass the word back to manufacturers
or other producers, and with I such 'em
phasis that' conspicuous labeling would
follow as a matter of course.) f
The Tronson Sentence.
The Dalles, Or ec. 17j To the
Editor of The Journal It is: certainly
gratifying to ,me, and I believed to a
great many others, that in sentencing
the murderer Tronson, to i life im
prisonment, ' Judge McGinn j made it
plain that life imprisonment- for that
class of criminals means jUstj what
the .words imply and nothing less, not
one single day; and if this Was. thor
oughly understood among criminals
and would-be criminals it really, would
have more terror for them than capital
punishment. Judge McGinn i has done
commendable act, and If there were
more such as he, there .would never be
occasion for misguided, sentimental
fools to carry flowers to murderers
and harass governors and pardon
boards for pardons they should never
have., And now that, hanging: is pro
hibited in the state of Oregon, every
criminal should know that a sentence
to life imprisonment means every day
of his life, and not a farce of from 10
to 12 years. I take off iny hat to
Judge McGinn. E. F. MANN.
. ; , - - l l -
The Test of Enlistment.
Portland, Dec. 11. To the' Editor of
The Journal I noticed an! editorial
paragraph in this . morning's - Oregon
ian speaking of - the "un-American
policy" of President Wilson! in regard
I : - - PI .
Letters From the People
for
to the Mexican matter. i
Is It "un-American" to wish to pre
serve our nation from the horror
through which all Europe ils.istrug
gling? It is "un-American1' to at
tempt all honorable peaceful- methods
rather than loose tbe hell on1 earth, of
which we read each day? f ..
' Suppose : we - should declare " war
upon our southern neighbors. Would
the gentleman who so valiantly
slaugEtrs hundreds and thousands
k- ' !" 1
A FEW SMILES
"One day, related little ; Lester
Uvermore,. - ! was walking around on';
my bands, and the minister was
IMilVt. auu t A
didn't know it. Aunt
Frettie slipped out
and told me . she
Wouldn't do that
w iie ii uit pasior was
there, and r said
wouldn't, ne'ther, ; if I
l was ner, x'cua it
wouldn't look right.
-Judge.
Mrs. Henpeck, 'who had been read
ing the war news,
looked over toward
Mr. Henpeck and
decided to test" his
knowledge. '
i Mrs. Henpeck Is
there any difference
Theodore, do you
know. between a
fort and a fortress?
Mr. Henpeck i should imagine a
fortress, my love would be harder to
silence.
"Why do you carry that umbrella,
little boy?" asked the passerby curi
ously, it's not rain
ing and the sun
Is not shining." !
"I know." said the
youth, "but when it
rains .pa wants it
and when the sun
shines xnaT Wants i it,
andthis is the only
kirida ' weather I can git ter use
at ail." v
with his pen, or Would the "man
higher up," be among the first to
answer the call to arms? Or, if he
is an elderly man with an only son,
would he loyally pat that son on he
back and say: "Go to it, my boy; they
can't do any more than shoot your
head off, or let you starve , in the
desert," I wonder. - '
ALLEN MT3URN.
Blackleg.
Weston, Or., Dec. 18. To the Editor
of The Journal I have just read an
article in Tbe Journal of December
16 in regard to blackleg in cattle. I
beg to differ from the statement made
as to its being the first of the kind
in this state. I have lived in Oregon
for almost 30 years and have known
of quite a number of cases from my
earliest residence here and bave lost
quite a good many head myself, but
have never lost an animal over 18
months old, nor do I recall ever see
ing one die over that age, and if so;
it is a,.very rare case. My losses have
always been worse. In the fall or early
spring. The fall is the worst, here In
this climate. I have read some au
thorities on blackleg and they say it
attacks cattle that feed and run on
low, swampy ; land. In my case it
was in a high, dry climate very high
and very dry. As a general thing it
is young cattle-that are very thrifty
and doing the best that die the worst.
One seldom sees a poor one have it, 4
at least in this part of the state. I
would advise anyone losing cattle with
blackleg to thoroughly burn the car
cass at once. It is a very rare thing
to core one at all, though there have
been a few' cured. , ,
I have cured two or three myself,
but you have to take It in a very early
stage of the disease. In my experi
ence, steers die worse than heifers.
As a preventive, vaccinate in both
shoulders in the j thin part of ' the
hide just above the joint where the
leg joins the body. One of the best
remedies is a piece ft garlic about as
big as a big pea or a little larger.
Split the hide crosswise and run your
finger or a stick down between the
flesh and hide, and then push the
garlic down In about two or three
inches. I think it is a sure preventive.
If this la done when they are young
they will never have it. Once la
plenty to vaccinate. G. L. II.
Representatives in Congress.
Portland, Or., Dec. 17. To the Edi
tor of The Journal Kindly publish
the number of men composing, the
house of representatives at Washing
ton and the number of representatives
Oregon has and how and when they
are elected; also state what Is meant
by "representative district."
C. C. COLEMAN.
- The house Is composed of 435 mem
bers. Oregon has three representa
tives. They, and all other members,
are elected biennially, in the even num
bered years, by popular vote. Each
state is divldedlntd representative
districts, onefdr each of the repre
sentatives to which the state is enti
tled. Legislatures designate the boun
daries of these districts, which are
so drawn as to contain populations as
nearly equal as possible. The number
of districts is determined by dividing
the population of the state by the
quotient obtained by dividing the pop
ulation of the United States by the
total -number of representatives which
congress has decreed shall compose
the house. This i quotient-divisor is
called "the basis Of representation."
Mining Matters.
Albany, Or Dec! 17. To the Editor
of The Journal. Please let me knowJ
through your paper, the amount of
ground that a person is allowed to take
up for a placer mining claim In this
state, and if an extra amount for dis
covery is allowed; and also for a
quartz claim. ;
G. C. MILLARD. .
One person may take one placer
claim of 20 acres, with no allowance
for discovery; but eight persons may
associate themselves, take & claim
each, locating them In a body, and pro
ceed to work them as one claim. Un
der the Oregon statutes, which, seem
to contemplate lode claims exclu
sively, a discoverer of a lode is al
lowed an additional claim as discover
er. If the land is surveyed, placer
claims must conform to survey lines.
Lode claims, of course, lie along the
lode. I
Elevations.
Portland, Dec. 17. To the Editor of
The Journal. I desire very much to
know the height of Mt. Tabor above
sea level; 'also Stone Butte, near Mon
tavilia. Kindly inform me through the
columns of The Journal.
ANXIOUS.
Mt. Tabor's summit rises 645 feet
above sea level, and that of Stone
Butte, or Rocky Butte as it is usually
called, 60.7 feet-l ; v
Chinese Before 1850.
Portland, Or, Dec 11 To the Edi
tor of Tbe Journal Will someone tell
me when and where any Chinese visit
ed Oregon prior to 1850; also, when
and where the Chinese first appeared
in Oregon north of Eugene?
A. H. BURTON.
A Plea for the Needy.
Portland, Dec. 1. To the Editor
of The Journal Permit me to sug
gest through .The t Journal that all
those - who have been accustomed to
buying champagne on New Year's eve
use. that money this year for the re
lief of the needy in Portland. The
money usually spent In this "way
in
I ISa Wl VI
l iff
it
PERTINENT, COMMENT
SMALL CHANGE
The man "who makes good doesn't
! have to prove it.
-
s.nwas'- Dl"h. didn't try to work
Bamson for a dose of hair tonic or a
anampoo.
i
' vfithI?f.lnlerest8 5 ,rl le
to his wife. has dedicated
It is FlHlpr n r,,.-.
,V.L& ?, tand f.rom under whe
our predictions go lame
.
Tn iftsa money a woman has the
r.B things she can afford to see
that she. would like to buy.
There isn't much hen fm- th h-t .
9
Who Can't learn In Ban, V. th- !..
il v?lubDy'" "Woddln- garments need
Many women are now wearing Kllia
bethan collars, but that, of cours-V
would not Justify you in calling the
sweet creatures ruff-necks.
a
Probably the most convenient thing
about a woman's figure is her ability
to shift her waistline anywhere be
tween her knees and shoulders.
On account of the war the price of
diamonds is to be advanced, so it
eec-ms that there is to be no end to t!i
mm me narasnips or us uiior
consumers.
Some people are always complaining
that this is a hard and cruel world, but
jUSt think What wnnld harnAi ts. tl.i....
jlf the fool killer really attended to
E1.lAbrah.am'.whne making pancakes
on his claim in northern MltinesoUi,
accidentally dropped one. cutting off
his little toe. VVe know them well.
Ihey are the same kind that we used
to get in our old boarding house.
MORALS AND MOVIES
Front Harper's Weekly.
Moral questions are best handled
bypublic opinion. They are bungled
by politicians. A vast new art, with
direct appeal to millions, must involve
moral influences. The moving picture
is the most amazing art-form of our
time. In impress upon national life,
the movies are comparable to the
school and the newspaper.
In 1909, Mayor McClellan of New
York City suddenly shut up all the
moving picture houses. He took this
course on no stated principle of what
was allowable and what was not; sim
ply on ah impression of harm being
done. The big manufacturers who
send films all over the country acted
promptly. They saw their business,
national in scope, certain to be ruined
if it were to get out ,of key with
American morality", and thereby to be
constantly interrupted by-police power
after millions were invested. They
went to Charles SpraguSmith and
John Collier of the People's Institute,
as men prominent In popular educa
tion, and asked them to decide, before
films were sent out, whether they were
permissible. Hence arose the national
board of censorship. It Is a stirring
example of successful voluntary co
operation between vast business 'and
the ethical sense of the public. It
has grown in life with tbe growth ef
the business. , It has not been exact
ing. The business has prospered and
the public has been protected.
A threat to the continued, success of
such cooperation la offered by the
butting in of politicians. Ohio put
into practice last September a law by
which three paid employes undertook
for that state the work done by about
145 representative citizens for the na
tional board of censorship. A repeal
bill will be presented next ' month.
Three political-appointees, examining
five to six hundred films a month, af
ter a large and especially competent
national board has passed the films.
represent wanton and absurd offi
cialdom.
How little the national board, after
five years of cooperation, now needs
to Interfere with the manufacturers
is shown by the figures for October.
"Eliminations" are nearly always com
paratively slight and changes inexpen
sive.
Number of subiects viewed 571
Number of reels viewed 915
Number of pictures In which elim
inations were made 71
Number of eliminations made.,... 175
Number of subjects condemned.... 3
Number of reels condemned.. 10
In other words, the big -national
manufacturers try to act on the prin
RE-ESTABLISHING
By John M. Oskison.
It may be that before this little arti
cle is published- the New York Stock
exchange will have been formally
opened for trading In the securities
listed for dealing there. ,
In effect, the market for securities
which are not listed for buying and
selling on the New York exchange
has been already re-established. On
the day that the "reserve banks" be
gan business, November 1, the New
York curb market officially resumed
operations. It was expected that on
November 23 the Cleveland Stock ex
change would open, and there trading
would be nnrestricted except that a
minimum price would be put upon se
curities which are listed on the New
York Stock exchange.
On November 12 the Pittsburg Stock
exchange removed its restrictions on
trading in bonds' and in stocks which
are not listed on the New York ex
change. So far, then, as bonds are con
cerned the banks have ceased to fear
that unrestricted buying and selling
will lead to such a slaughter in prices
as to Imperial . loans based ' on the se-
would provide food, fuel and blankets
for all the poor, and would be a
small sacrifice in proportion to the
great gooL,accompllshed. And what
a'wonderfaf thing It. would be o ay
of, our beautiful city that on .New
Year's eve not one man, woman or
child went to bed hungry or cold.
READER.
A Legal Question.
Portland, Dec. 17.- To the Editor of
The Journal Kindly answer through
the columns of The Journal if a fam
ily's household goods' can be held for
house rent now four months due. Can
tbe renter move and take his gopds.
and not be placing himself criminally
liable? R. L. JACOBS.
- The question is one tor a lawyer.
The Journal cannot undertake to an
swer questions involving the giving
of legal counsel.
Tommy Atkina' Mother.
i ; From the Chicago Post.
We know it Is old-fashioned and
weak-minded and all that sort of thing
to be ; sentimental, but doesn't this
little glimpse of war bring a lump In
your throat? It Is taken from a. story
printed in the Post of yesterday:
"Last night we had an eerie experi
ence. We were suddenly awakened by
a deep bass voice tailing piteously:
Mo'ther mother! An English 'Tom
my,' shot la the head, had become In-
AND NEWS IN BRIEF
OREGON SIDELIGHTS
Taxpayers - of Washington county,
after going over the county budget
with the commissioners at a meeting
called for that purpose, have asked for it like callinar thi roll of the
the striking out of expense items. - 13 "K calling tn-rou or ne
amounting to I75.000. : pioneers to read the record of the
(county commissioners lor. 1855, the
employment agency, is said to- be fill- ' , I ii
ing a long felt. want at balem. Fifty J Among those whose 'names occur :
meals were served on opeping day , most frequently in 1855 either as wit'
and 17 lodgers were accommodated. j r..utl(, " y n 800 J" . 1
) neases, jurors, or road- viewers are
Wasco county's' commissioners have : K B. Comfort, p. A. Marquam, J. B. '
3lfn,51athe,t" i0"' wlth a,-I1vy : Backeiistos, C. S. Klngsleyj J. K. Lam
of 14.2 mills, a 2.05 decrease. Lnioubr. riin iut v . Ll
county is also to enjoy a reduction of IcU,ul,lln. ?ra." F- By-
1.4, which leaves the levy at 11 mills, ! De. Lownsdale, A -jTrevltt. Kli
due to higher valuations and a lower j Stewart. W. 11. Frush, jioWiah Falling,
budget. N. Q. Northuo. Jos. Ktmhrl.l rr
Cottftira rirovn in inilnr a f t ee ha
reputation of belnsr one of the Dret-
nest and cleanest cities In the state ;
auring 1915. At the annual meeting
or tne tjommerclal club a civic Im
provement committee was appointed
to have tbe work in charge.
Medford Mail Tribune: Mistletoe
and Oregon grape, that grow so pro
fusely in the woods of this state, are
now in brisk demand for holiday
decorations, and Sunday many people
journeyed to the hills to gather the
twiggery. Some of the mistletoe and
Rrape will be sent back to the states
of the middle west where a branch as
big as a hand is a treasure. ' '
Eugene Register: Ice haB " formed
on ponds to a depth of more than an
Inch but there is very little skating.
The boys have broken through the icj
in places and that which had -formed
on the ponds where skating in former
years has been Indulged in Is not yet
quite strong enough for grownups.
Once in several years those who know
how to skate enjoy this sport for
about a week at a time. .
25?J J6'1 wrk ot and dearly
written down.
mey realize mat tney J
"cvexineiess. a certain anno r.
vision. All they dread is
tion of arbitrary political ignorance
for well-informed, tolerant, careful
and disinterested criticism.
Perhaps five per cent of the lm
exhibited through the country are fur
nished not by the large companies
but by small fly-by-night dealers who
cfc? not subject themselves to the Na
tional Board of Censorship.' There
fore some local supervision is needed,
and this Is procured by city commit
tees, ine national board welcomes
such committees and has about 409
correspondents to whom it sends its
bulletin every Saturday. Such com -
mitre ni nnhi o irtm ' '
force its own peculiar moral or social
point of view, where it
from general national morals; but the
main work of these affiliated city
committees is to concentrate on the 5
per cent of fugitive films that may be
Objectionable because they have not
been censored by the national board.
Political influence exists to a great
er or less extent in California, Penn
sylvania,. Illinois, and elsewhere, but
lOhlo is the first hard fought test case
and the question should be . thrashed
out thoroughly there at once. Later
It can be taken up In other states.'
Illustrating the tolerance of the na
tional board as compared with the
strictness of police caprice by a few
individuals may be instanced the sup
pression of tbe Annette Kellerman pic
tures by the police in Chicago; the
chopping to pieces of the Merchant off
v enice in oruer not to allow Shylock'a ,
t.AkM..lM. . .. J 1. , t
wcuatiur Aiijr pussiDitj asper-
sions on the Jews; the forbidding of
all Bcenes, however gay and farcical,
that could be construed as ridiculing
police or other constituted authorities:
stopping Pagllacci altogether; and the
practical certainty that "The Hypo
crites," highly thought of by the na
tional board, will be suppressed in
Chicago, because the figure of Truth;
bless her heart. Is nude.
Harper's Weekly will have more to
say about this Bubject before the Ohio
repeal question is decided. It is con
tent at present to put before its read
ers the general principle that when
enlightened public morals are In har
monious cooperation with enlightened
rmftinea.4 nn n nntlnnnl air-nla It fa a.
pity to have the harmony broken by
wi iw .rr...ni,itiv inort., -
in number, deficient in training, and
too often within the reach of devious
influence.
STOCK MARKETS
curity
ty of bonds. Also the banks and
er. no longer fear that investor,
deale
will dumrj their hold in its of stocks in
small corporations and corporations
that have refused to list their aecuri
ties on the New York exchange.
There, Is an actual, if small, market
for securities listed on the New York
exchange. The other day a New York
paper printed some quotations show
ing the rise in prices in this jnof ficlal
market, Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe
stock rose from an October low price
of 82 to 86 early in November; New
York Central rwe. from 72 to 75;
Northern Pacific from 89 to 92; Penn
sylvania from 99 to 100, and Union
Pacific from 104 to 108.
Of cAire, these unofficial quota
tlons are below the price at the clos
ing of the New York exchange on
July 31, and until the banks and finan
cial experts are fairly sure that ap
proximately the July 21 prices can be
maintained there won't be any open
ing of the big exchange.
But every day is bringing the time
nearer when all the markets for se
curities in this country will be re-en
tablished. Investors should get ready
for that time.
sane and was literally an infant cry-! resumed; and wise men. ,'rven in the
ing in the night.' He died In the ' mldt,t ot war na its pas' Jlons. never
course of an hour. Ills mother will ; for(Pet tnat afteP tn- wanthe antag
never know Jiow her brave son called ; onBta will once again hjfrve to live
upon her for- help at the last. His , together and work together.
was Just an ordinary death. We have
had as many as seven such deaths out
of 25 beds in one night,"
After the' war is over, the mothers
are going to be heard from. The cry
of Tommy Atkins and his comrades in
the ranks of France and Germany and
Russia will not go unanswered.
Guardians of America's Honor.
From the Philadelphia Ledger.
General Funston and a large part of
the American troops from Vera Cruz
have reached Galveston. The men have
come through a very difficult situa
tion with great credit to themselves
and'to tbeir country. It deserves pub
lic recognition. '
General Funston's men landed in
the principal port of a nation at peace
with the United States. They seized
a city which offered active and bloody
resistance. They did all tbia - in a
country whose nerves were, already,
overstressed by a long period of in
surrection. And yet for seven months
they held and administered Vera Cruz
so firmly, so wisely, and bo justly
that no whisper of disgruntled re
proach reached America They were
sent te guard America's honor. They
bave held It untarnished. '
"'IN EARL Y pA YS"
By Fred Lock lei. Special Staff Writer
of The Journal - :
k. ti. Wilson. Thomas liHhlmiii.
Sane
n"d BalCh, J. B,
Knapp.f c. B. Pil-
ion, K. K. cof rin, C. G.Birdaeye, :'A
C. Bonnell and D. W: Litche.i thaler.
The record is full of reference to
and discussion of the rates tor fer
riage across the Willamette at Port- '
land and across the. f Columbia tv
Vancouver. James B- Stephens was
granted a license to run a rejry be
tween Portland and E?Jtt Portland. '
"Jimmy"' Stephens eventually sold hi
flat boat ferry to Joseph, lnott.
For years there was a constant ag
itation by the east aiders to have a
bridge built across th Willamette,
but the ferryman and all J of his ad-,
herents claimed t. bridge would be
too hard on the horses, es a ferry
boat enabled the horses to rest while
coining across th river, i
In 1875 Joseph Buehlei. who still
lives in Portland, and William Beck. -who
had a farm midway between
what is -now Sunnyside nd Mount
Tabor, circulated a petito5i to have a
free bridge built across! the river. J.
H. Woodward, the count? judge, fa-
vureo. me Driage, so did commissioner
Penumbra Kelly, but -Tyler Wood- '
! wanl id. ttKA . I ....
out that as there wa' no county
road en the west side Icf tha river.
the county owned no land on which
to build the west approach of the
bridge. This settled tBi bridge fer ,
a year or two. i
A Bridge Across the Willamette
association was formed, yilllara Beck
was made president, Joseph Buchtel
secretary, J. L. Atkinson ' treasurer,
and Melvin C. George attorney. Final
ly, not being able to isecure . funds
for a free bridge, the company : de
cided to build a toll i, bridge. Mr.
Buchtel resigned as eorjiary, ao he
wanted a free bridge." f i
Dr. J. c. Hawthorne. William Beck
1 "UD8C"Da Jf ltle
and GarrlU Bros, of 8anFancwco De
a a. 1 .... .as - im
fa" ?,rk on Ea8t orrten.tr.t
An
d' as t was
' ' ,l-,o. that
Th . J1 . . aE. al? , r
'th temboat traff,c A" '1 ferfy
! aV The case was l, the courts
1 lr severfI ya"' The ; contractors
; bepam disgusted at tnelong delay
I an..qultvL , , ' M
iicn me injunction ? was at last
dissolved the Willamette icon Prldge
company took the contract and ' for
10 or 12 years they divided their
time between working 'tf-.tha bridge
ana righting injunctions, and suits in-
i etltuted by the owners! of. ' tho ferry
and the river boat interest, who
were bitterly opposed t; the building
of a bridge. Finally tne , bridge was
completed and with William Brck at
the head of the procession and Jo
seph Buchtel as grand. ! marshal, a
procession was formed jaud marched
across the new bridge : which was
formally opened to traffic;
T ' .
Thee Teacher and the State.
By Mary H. Force.
I'm sorry, -children, sorryi for every
hasty blow,
I inflicted on your tender hands in,
the ignorant longrajpo,
Sorry for the unkind word that
brought the chlldlsH tear.
For every trembling little;. lip, r knee
that shook with fear.
I would no little . rudd? cheek e'er
pale at my decreed
No 'startled, anxious fittj . eyes e'er
plead their cause with me.
I would no awkward, 6'iirgrown boy
could say in years ' come
That I failed to give l itn c-ourage
when he failed to alo'lila sum.
For the boy who went "a.flhhln. " and
tne lot wno stopped to play.
; Listening to the birds and "wlshlnV
1 - he cquld stay outdoors all day;
LFor the bully of the playgrounds, the
liar ana tne cneat.v
I'd use a different mothpd now. But
the children? Tim is fleet
Oh. they needed only leading oy gen-
tie, loving bandn,
And they needed understanding, not
cold ana stern conn j ana a.
i They t?0"0-??
I JOBt .iVtaln thar
Ah, but
ar when
we've lonp forgot; the pains.
And thus ttu time will surely come,
when, in light Of higher thought, .
The state will look with sor'ow on
the havoc she has-Wrought
For she'll have a wlne.rs method of
handling sinners tluTi,
And her criminals and weaklings she'll
develop into men.
Tia then she'll view wlfh', sadness her
history's blotted oage.
And cry out to her people of a more
benighted age: ' i
Tm sorry, children, sorry, for every
vengeful blow: ,.r .
I Inflicted on your willful -heads ill
the ignorant long v'go."
Hillsdale. Oregon. tecen ber 1 0. r9 1 4.
i --. -
Hate or Cooperation.
From the London News and Leader,:
In the real world nations are differ
ent and eoinplenrgitary, ,i&t opposed
and hostile. In tne general progress
of civilization they cooperate, each
contributing its own peculiar quota
and enriching the whole. 'That Is the
! norlnal ,V,fe..of tfie wor1 JB."W
hlch
w,ln preacning jor inte
interna
tional hate. Is a hideous', aberration.
WVian tha war DutM ' e.ofinaratlnn la"
, Convenient Deafness. '
An oia tarmer in Ayrsnire naa
habit of feigning deafness When' he
wanted to avoid answering an awk-
ward question. One day la neighbor
said to him: . '-j ..
"I'd like to borrow youp cart this
morning- Mine. Is having y a spring
mended." - '
old farmer answered. "If don't heaf
very well and I don't like ; to lend my
cart, anyhow."' .j: 4
The Sunday journal
The Great Home Newspaper,
. consists of j
Five new sections replete with
illustrated features.
Illustrated magazine of quality.
Woman's pages of rat merit
Pictorial news supplement.
Superb comic section.,! ""
5 Cents the Ropy
1 r
.1