THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 25, 1914.
ITALY WILL ATTEMPT
TO REGULATE RENTS
THROUGH
LEGISLATION
War Struggle Has Overshad
owed Nearly Every Subject
Except One of Rentals,
MENACED BY INCREASES
Pooler CUiki Make Many Demonstra
tions, and Repeated CaUlng Out of
Troop g ToUows In Every Instance.
riome. Sept. 2. (By Mall to New
Tork. t--With the titanic wtruegle now
enveloping Kuropc,' overshadowing: (til
loial nioveineniiS, probable changes in
Jtni's law arc not imisiiiK rnmh
rotnnwnt now. One ihange started be
fore the outbreak of. the war, and
dropped for a time, but since taken up
RgHln, in expected to result in lower
house rents throughout thee ountry.
Italy. which is ever Socialistic in its
leKlsliitU e tendencies, is planning to
make government control of houwe
rents one of the rights and duties of
the Ktnte.
Tills necessity is trte. result not so
much of agitation by the Socialists as
of the fact that during the past few
years the constant Increase Of houso
rents in Italy ha-s reached a point
where it has become an actual menace
to the existence of the state. It is at
all times one of the most frequent' and
potent possibiltles of armed revolution
against the government.
Since Italy, in common with the rest
of the world, began experiencing the
phenomenon of increase in the cost of
living, the poorer classes of the coun
try have been steadily organizing a re
sistance ngalnst what appears iO them
to be an arbitrary and unjust increase
In rentals. All of the larger cities "of
Italy ure now replete with Iiag'ies of
Ttrsistam e ;inT other societies f ten
ant, banded together to resist the over
increasing exactions from the land
lords. I 'art of the program of all these or
ganizations Is the holding from time
to time of public demonstrations of
protest. Invariably these demonstra
tions end up with the destruction of
lieVeral bouses or other property be
longing to particularly exacting land
lords. To prevent this, the govern
ment is always obliged to order, out the
troops, when, wltn the volatility that
Is ever at the bottom of the psychology
of the Italian masses, they forget all
about the landlords and join in an as
sault on the troops. The troops fire,
Meveral demonstrators are killed, a
general strike Is called in proest, and
Italy soon finds itself on the verge of
a revolution.
In Its efforts to regulate the rent
question, the Italian government has
completed extensive investigations into
tly causes of the continual increase,
and n large number of laws have been
Introduced into parliament to correct
the pvil. Of the two more important
. of these, one lias been introduced from
Naples, and one from Rome. To a
local conditions of these two cities, but
nevertheless they give an idea of the
steps which It now seems certain the
government will soon take for the con
trol of house rents.
FRESHIES DENIED "CIGS"
Princeton, N. J., Oc.tg. 2 4. Concern
for the health of freshnren has moved
the Senior Council of Princeton uni
versity to put a ban on cigarette smok
ing by the first-year men. Heretofore
one of the freshman regulations had
been that pipes or cigars were taboo.
The Senior Council, which Is the stu
dent governing body, has decided that
if cigars and pipes are forbidden, cig
arette also should be ruled out. Inas
much as Dr. J. E. Raycroft, physical
director of the university, declared
them to be much more harmful.
There 'Was a mild protest from the
freshmen when the Senior Council's
edict was announced, but the regula
tlon Is being observed.
Laugh At
Dyspepsia
By Simply Using a Stuart's Dyspep
sia xaDiet. Alter Any Meal
You Want to Eat.
It sounds almost ridiculous to think
of eating a big meal without pain and
mscomiort afterwards. doesn't it?
"Well, try this simple remedy and dem
onstrate Uh truth. You know that 12
men (a Jury) decide the laws of our
land. Not only have 12 men O. K'd
xtuart s Dyspepsia Tablets, but hun
drcds of thousands as well.
"What do X care about this meal? a
little Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablet will
digest It easily for me.
Just think! One ingredient con
tained In Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets
will digest 3000 times its weight in
f ood.
Doesn't this tell you that such aid to
your body means relieving your dis
; tress from food?
What the thousands are dailv doing
you can surely do. Every condition of
stomach and digestive troubles has
been relieved by Stuart's Dvspepsia
Tablets. They have been tested and
. " tried for years. They are this nation's
greatest dyspepsia remedy. They are
i sold everywhere drugs' are sold. Sure
v ly this manner of proof is all you need
to- know what course to pursue.
If any man can prepare a better
"; remedy than Stuart's Dyspepsia Tab
lets, lie 'can make millions of dollars.
Is there a better one?
- Why not .use t Ul hint to awaken
4 your common sense and make you go
' to your druggist today and buy a box.
' To any one- wishing a free ' trial of
these tablets please address F. A. Stu-
, art Co.. 150 Stuart- BWg.,-Marshall,
Mich- and a small sample package will
, be mailed free.
SOUTH AMERICA OFFERS
Export to Colombia.
United Kingdom . . . 7.838.87S
Germany 4.201,123
Exports to Ecuador.
United Kingdom. '...$3,219,238
Germany 2,166,021
United States 2.764.109,
Exports to Peru.
United Kingdom... $6.800, 708
United States 5, 763,423
Germany .... 4;557,69S
Exports to.Belirja.
Gurmauy $6,423.8021
United Kingdom ... 3,528.011
United States i.787,221
Imports frcm Bolivia,
United Kingdom ..$26,044,974
Germany 4,307,100'
United States J52.582
Exports 'to Argentina.
United Kingdom .$114,515,800
Germany ' 6t.703.5o0
United States 57,057.505
Imports from Argentina.
United Kingdom. .117,125.290:
Gern&ny . 52.105.340
United States. .-.J 31,257.455 .
Exports to Chile.
United Kingdom. $38,599,283.
Germany 33,180.070
VnHed. States .1CS06,341
In an urgent appeal, which the di
rector general of the Pan-American
Union makes to those interested in
South America, he says that the Unit
ed States business interests "have a
duty and responsibility in this crisis
which must be met even if it may
ring them vast material benefits.
Looking at the situation in a thorough-
y unselfish way, it presents demands
upon the United States, from South
America, which cannot ba neglected,
but which, if responded to in the right,
spirit, will be enormously beneficial
OLD BELGIAN COULD
NOI GET OVER FACT
Peasant' Does Not Feel Keen
ly Loss of Her All Because
She Lacks Capacity,
By H. C.
London, Oct. 24. "I had a cow,"
said the old woman.
She was one of the Belgian refugees
on board Henry W. Thornton's boat
from Antwerp. Technically, of course,
the boat belongs to the Great Eastern
railroad. Practically all Americans
regard these boats as the property of
the rormer Long Island railroad man.
Thornton was on board, too.
"I had a cow," said the old woman.
She was a smiline. dumpy, rather
dirty old woman. Aepparently she
had been taking very pleasantly the
disaster that had befallen her coun
try. From time to time she pointed
over the rail at the wonders she passed
a warship, and a submarine, and a
steamer and only seemed worried
when an airship came In sight at its
post of duty over the Thames' mouth.
She had seen airships before. The
Germans have them. There were cer
tain conclusions from the manner of
the old woman and the other refugees.
"They do not feel as we do," said
these others. "They have not our ca
pacity for. suffering."
Old Priest Interpreted.
The old woman smiled as' she looked
up at the priest who acted as inter
preter. "1 had a cow," said she.
A very sulky, dirty, angry old man
sat at her sid. He wore the great
wooden shoes of the Belgian peasant,
with a broad strap over the instep.
His flapping trousers had been patched
and repatched in varied faded colors
A loose cap was pulled down over his
ears. His hairy, shrunken old chest
might' be seen through gaps in his
torn shirt.
He owned the dog and the cart,"
said the old woman, indicating the old
man with a jerk of her thumb," "but
the cow was mine."
The priest said they had lived in a
little village near Lande-n. which 1
a little town not far from Liege. The
oiu man naa inherited a little hn.
and a little plot of eround frnm hi.
father, who had inherited it from his
lamer, fwno had it from his father
It was a good plat, but small. There
was a debt of 200 on it when they
got married, 40 years ago.
People Very Poor.
"It Is hard," the priest said, apol
ogetically, "for people of this sort to
Pay off their debts. They are so verv
poor."
roungsters had kept coming, too.
They had been a constant expenset
Then, Just as they reached an age at
which some slight hope of prof it might
have been entertained from them, they
died. The old woman related this
quite simply. No doubt, she loved
them, and had wept when they died.
Still, facts are not to be blinked at.
They had been a bad investment.
Peasants cannot be sentimentalists.
The priest kept questioning.
"At last," he reported, "they got
their debts paid off. Both worked
bard in others fields and titled their
own field between times. It was the
old woman who waa financially ven
turesome. She bought the cow."
. The old woman nodded-brightly.
"Yes," said she, still . smiling "it
was my cow. He only owned the dog
and the cart." -
Couple Tfrim Prosperous.
They sold milk to the factor in Lan
den, who in turn 'sold it to Liege. Be
tween times they -tilled their little
SHE ONCE OWNED COW
TRADE RESPONSIBILITIES
Exports to Venezuela.
United States t. . . . .J6.236.0C0
United Kingdom ... 5.116.000
Germany .......... 3.140.000
Imports from Venezuela.
United States .....$3,363,600
France 7,517,000
Germany 4,360,000
to South America and the
United .
States alike."
The 10 countries Of South America
import annually products valued at
$961,0O0,000., These same countries ex
port to the TTnited States products val
ued at 250,000,0O. The statistics
show South America's consuming
power of those very things which the
United States most ' abundantly pro
duces to be great indeed, while South
America produces many commodities
of which the United States stands in
field. The old woman milked her cow.
and the old man and the dog carted
the milk to Landen. They had become
persons of mark in their little com
munity. They were prosperous and
independent. Each year they put a
few guilders in the savings bank.
"In another year," said the old wo
man, "I should have had two cows."
They had heard rumors of the war,
of course. But it seemed far away.
They laughed at the stories people
told them of strangers who came into
little Belgian communities and burned
down houses. They were quite cer
tain the burgomasters would deal with
such barbarians. Even when they
heard guns they were not frightened-.
The noises were very far away.' No
one had ever broken the law in their
village. The worst s that ever hap
pened was when Jan Hooven and his
brother got drunk and fought but
then, every one knew the Hoovens.
The old woman caught the repeti
tion of the name Hooven. She nodded
her head and smiled. Obviously, she
could tell things :
Then the Germans Came,
One night they were awakened by
the sound of voices outside their door.
The Germans were there, but at first
these Germans were disposed to be
agreeable. They came in with their
dirty feet upon the old woman's clean
noor, and she scolded, and they called
.... . . ,. . . " .
U"?.VJ "d, L"?- The old
man was sulky and quarrelsome,
jvot with me," said the old woman.
One gathered that the old man knew
better than to quarrel with her. But
he growled at the Germans. Then
the nice Germans went away and other
Germans came. In a maddening suc
cession. The temper of the newcom
ers was progressively bad. They drank
all her milk, slept in her bed with
their boots on, and swore at her.
"At last." said the priest, "they
seem to have been given orders. For
they went through the village and
burned every house. They struck
the old man over the head with a mus
ket, so that he still carries the mark."
Killed Old Woman's Cow.
He lifted the old man's cap as one
would lift the collar of a horse to
show a sore shoulder, and there was
the half healed scar
"And they killed the old woman's
cow, and ate it, and drove all the vil
lagers along the road toward Ant.
W-erp. These poor people have been
walking for a fortnight, sleeping by
the, roadside for the most part, and
begging their bread. It was only a
little time ago that they were happy
and prosperous. Now they have noth
ing." The old woman was struck by some
thing in the priest's tone and asked
him to translate his words. He did
bo, and for a moment she was silent
Then she looked up and smiled.
"But," said she, "I had a cow "
Terry's Rangers to
Hold 43d Reunion
Famous Texas Segimant of 14O0 Key
Has Only 45 Survivors for Annua:
Meeting in November.
Fort Worth, Texas. Oct. 24. The
forty-third annual reunion of Terry's
Hangers will be held November 3 ana 4
at Austin, according to notice received
Dy ueorge K. Alien, sole Fort Worth
survivor of the famous cavalry regi
ment. Allen and Rev. Felix H. Corbell
of the Masonic Old Folks home at
Arlington, are the only, survfvors in
Tarrant county.
Of the regiment, which numbered
1400, there are now. but 45 left.
Terry's Rangers participated in more
Civil war fights perhaps than any
other regiment. During Sherman's
march to the sea they were engaged
In efforts to keep the devastating army
in as narrow a path as possible. They
were in dally fights for more than two
weeks while, the army was ' moving
trom Paiton to Atlanta. Though Al
len participated in all these fights and
the others in - which the Rangers had
a part, he . escaped without a - single
wound. One horce waa shot from be-
nealh-hiro -
TO THE UNITED STATES
Export to British, DatcA and
French. Guiana,
United Kingdom $4,208,103
United States 2,172,537
Exports 'to Brazil.
United Kingdom... $77,51 9,726
Germany 52.962,625
United States 48.049,922
Imports from Brazil.
United States . . . .$141.730,6S2
Germany 51.S64.0S6-
Unlted Kingdom ... 43,012,381
Export to Paraguay".
8rmany ...$1,500,958
United Kingdom ...1.295,243
Qnltcd States 304.888
Exporta to "Uruguay.
United Kingdom . .$12,64S,379
Germany 7.894.644
Uuirfed States .... 3,671.318
need, thus offering the opportunity of
a large reciprocal commerce, which' in
the end is sure to be the most profit
able of trade relations.
The exchange of North America's
agricultural and other machinery, to
gether with scores of other manufac
tured articles, for South America's cof
fee, hides, rubber, meats, etc., would.
it is estimated, leave a large balance 1
of trade in favor of the United States.
The canal Is now open, offering North
American commerce an unexampled
opportunity.
Farmers Told of
Duty to Neighbors
Department of Agriculture Sends Out
Irecture Sealing- With Precaution
In Sickness aud Quarantine.
Washington, Oct 2. In extending
its sphere of operation among the
farmers and dwellers In rural com
munities the department of agriculture
has gone a step farther than any other
governmental agency by distributing
a lecture on "The Duty of a Good
Neighbor,"
The lecture has to do with the ne
cessity for cleanliness in the handling
of milk and water and "holds that rig
id quarrantine is a moral obligation in
the case' of contagious disease." .
"Families who have members ill
with typhoid fever, scarlet fever or
other contagious disease should realize
fully that simple good citizenship calls
upon them to do everything in their
power to prevent the spread of the con
tagion to neighbors," says the depart
ment. "Ordinary neighborliness de
mands that such families keep their
ncaj A i will VII1CI3 4X1 1U Ule-
vent outsiders from coming ,n con-
tact with the infection.
The necessity of careful .and sani
tary handling of milk also is pointed
out.
Harry Thaw Now
Having Good Time
Memphis Traveling Man Sees Stanford
White's Slayer on Becent Trip and
Tells About It.
Atlanta, Oct. 24. John Dunn. Mem
phis traveling man, has just returned
from a trip to the east, and numbers
among his experiences an acquaint
anceship with Harry K. Thaw at Man
chester. N. H.
Mr.. Dunn spent three weeks In
Manchester, and boarded at the same
hotel with Thaw. He says that the
latter is having a good time, and has
concluded to build a residence. Thaw
is constantly acompanied by a detec
tive, representing the federal govern
ment, but the two are good cronies.
"If I had heen tried for killing Stan
ford White in the South," Mr. Dunn
says Thaw told him, "I would have
beew free long ago, for I would have
been Justified by a jury for my act."
RECIPE FOR BALD HEADS
Well Known Politician Kearly Bald
Row Eta Wew Growth of Hair.
Tells How He Bid XV
A western politician, well known on
account of his baldness and his rea'dy
wit surprised his friends by1 appearing
with a new growth of hair. ' Many of
his friends did not Know him, and
others thought he had a wig. On be
ing asked how he did it, he made the
following statement: "I attribute the
growth of my hair to the following
simple recipe which any lady or gen
tleman can mix at home: To a half
pint of water add 1 oat. of Bay Rum. a
small box of Barbo Compound and 14
oa. of Glycerine. Apply to the scalp
two or three times a week with the
finger tips. It . not only promotes
the growth , of the hair, but removes
dandruff, scalp humors and prevents
the hair from falling out. It darkens
streaked, faded, gray hair and makes
the hair soft and glossy. These ingre
dients can be purchased at anv rimv
I store at very little cost and mixed at
J home." CAdvJ
THE HAGUE IS ONLY
REAL PEACEFUL SPOT
IN ALL OF EUROPE
Walk Through Streets of City
Brings Little Realization of
Mighty Struggle Nearby,
NEUTRALITY IS OBSERVED
Holland Trying In Xverr Way to Fre
ent Being Drawn Into Mael
strom of Strife
(United Frees Leased Wire.
The Hague. Oct. 5. (By mail to
New York) The me peaceful spot Sit
Europe The Hague.
To walk through the streets of this
city one would . never know that not
far distant off the greatest struggle
of all times Is waging. Although one
1 ' ' I
ii m II ir ii n n ii m n 11 -
r. Lmaiense w ume uemtM
Three"' wecs ago I issued a challenge to Rev.
Wm. T. Foster, of Reed College, and Dr. Herbert
C. Miller, of the North Pacific Dental College, to
meet me in joint debate on the Dentistry Bill, and
have received no reply. I offered to meet either or
both of them ; to give them more time than I would
take, in any number of debates, anywhere in the
state of Oregon; and I also agreed to pay all the
expenses.
Are these two eminent college professors afraid
to match their trained minds and intellectual ability
against one lone dentist, who, both of them say,
didn't have brains enough to pass the Oregon State
Board of Dental h.xaminers
If they have the courage of their convictions,
and believe that I am a brainless, itinerant dentist, why
don't they accept my challenge and come out and show
me up?
The Dental Trust dare not meet me in this campaign in
joint debate on the Dentistry Bill. $ They are conducting a
gumshoe campaign whispering into the ears of the voters.
The Dental Trust says I did not pass the State Board
examination, and that my papers will prove it. Then why
don't they publish my examination papers? I have offered
to pay the expenses of publishing them. I have been de
nied the right of seeing my own papers. I have brought a
suit in court to compel the Dental Board to show my pa
pers, but the board is resisting that suit and does not dare
to let it come to trial before election day.
I will go farther. If the Dental Board or any member of
it, or any member of the Dental Trust, will produce my
papers in public and show before election day, November 3,
1914, that my record of examination before the State Board
does not entitle me to a license to practice dentistry in the
State of Oregon, I will make a present of $10,000 to assist
the worthy unemployed in the city of Portlind this winter.
If I didn't pass the State Board examination, and the
State Board can prove that I did not pass, here is a chance
to get $10,000 of my money for a worthy public charity.
Now, gentlemen of the Dental Trust, either you are
right or I am. You say you have the papers to show that
you are right. If you have those papers, produce them.
The Dental Trust thinks it 'can win this .fight by mis
representation. If they are right, why should they depend
upon misrepresentation ? Here is a sample:
Painless Parker, Dentist, Sixth
could detect some irony in . the. fact
that the. Peace Palace, erected in The
Hague's "Bosch" is 'now open for in
spection, no one would dream from
the peaceful atmosphere here of th-j
mig-hty struggle being fought so
nearby.
There is no excitement anywhere
except possibly In the '"foreign lega
tions. Kverythlng Dutch is quiet
ominously so and the Dutch attend
strictly to their own business. They
are neutral in the strictest sense of
the word.
The Hague newspapers are very
I careful in regard to all news of the
tur. jl uey are careiui not xo put
their little country at outs with either
party to the conflict. They have re
ceived word from the government to
handle all war news with the strict
est neutrality.
Holland Must Be HeutrsJ.
The allies and Germany have both
served notice on Holland, it is be
lieved, o be mighty careful about any
statement or demonstration that could
be construed as in favor of either
side in the conflict. The Dutch arts
looking to Great Britain much as a
son looks to his father. They rely
on Great Britain to keep them in the
clear and they hope that Germany
will not violate their neutrality. Thy
know that if the kaiser sends a soldier
into Holland that Kngland will come
to their rescue.
Meanwhile Holland is maintalninc
an armed neutrality. The army was
Mimiinig
(Taid advertisement by. E. R.
X
Vote 340 X Yes and Bust the Dental Trust i
mobilized soon after hostilities first
started. The mobilization, by the way,
took only five days, being a record.
The southern provinces in the king,
dom are In reality in a state of siege,
so thickly covered are they with sol
diers. There is no war fever. The mobllixa
tion of the troops, in fact, seriously
disturb the business movements of
the country. All agree, however, that
It in a most recesaary step and
criticism has been heard. Nobody be
lieves that Germany Is going to la
vade Holland, but then they did not
believe that Germany was going to In
vade Belgium.
Trying to Avoid Conflict.
The motto of the Dutch aptly ex
presses their present stand: "Strong
and Silent." They want to be strong
If they have to resist an Invasion, but
at the same time they want to avoid
a conflict If they can and for that
reason are remaining quiet.
Despite the great tension they are
laboring under and the- terrible possi
bilities of wnat the future holds, the
Dutch are as hospitable as ever. Th
stranger In their land is made as
welcome as ever In their homes and la
treated with every possible kindness
and courtesy.
All tiie hotels here are overcrowded.
Many Germans are afhong those seek
ing refuge here. . They prefer, this
country to their own . now. A: great
many Americans are here. too. Tho
steamship office for a long time wu
a. Bluff
mMlfim, Giving
They are trying to make -the voters! jjelicve that,
the labor organizations are opposed to the Dentistry
Bill. Their speakers are trying to ma;p it appear
thta the Iabor Press is the mouthpiecef the' labor
organizations against the bill. As a rriiiter of fact,
on October 16th the Central Labor Council en
dorsed the Dentistry Bill and advised tie members
of organized labor to vote for it. ' Thisgis a matter
of record, and has been printed in theiillabor Press
of October 19th. . !
rV
They went to the Carpenters' Unib$ and asked
for a resolution condemning the Defitistry Bill,
but the Carpenters' Union refused to- $o anything
of the kind.
They went to the Barbers' Union tils week and
tried to get the barbers to oppose the Dentisfry Bill, and
the barbers refused to do anything of the kinji.
The Dental Trust has the assistance of thf Non-Partisan
League, an organization which has opposed every re
form measure in the State of Oregon. It is opfoosed to the
Non-Partisan Judiciary Bill, to the Eight-Hcwr Law and
the Dentistry Bill, That is the kind of company the Den
tal Trust keeps. x
The Dental Trust speakers are telling the?! people that
the Oregon State Medical Society is opposing the bill. If"
that is true, why did the-Northwest Dental sJournaL-pub-
lished here in Portland by Dr. Henry Cline jhixott, D. M.
D., as business manager, say, on page 34 ofthe October
issue, the following: , "
"The State Medical Association, at the aniual meeting
this month, endorsed the Dental Bill and pledged their
hearty support." i f
Either the Trust speakers are not tellingilhc truth, or ':
the Northwest Dental Journal is ndt tellinjj the truth!
BOTH are opposing the Dental Kill. hfe'
.
I want to win this fight tor dental reforjti in Oregon,
but not by misrepresentation of the facts. ITiis is a life
and death struggle for the Dental Trust, andritt has raised
S45.000 to defeat this bill. If Bill 340 is passed by the vot
ers of Oregon, it will be the end of the Dental Trust, while
if it fails to pass, I can keep on my work for dental reform
as I have for 25 years, because I have clean hands.
Vote 340 X YES and bust the Dental Trust. .
and Washington Sts., Portland
Parker. Merchants'. Trtist Building.
besieged night and d r by persons
wishing to book passage to-Amertca.
Talse Reports Scattered. - '
There has been but oe minute f
perplexlty'for the Dutch jso far. That
came -when Japan declared war on
Germany. : Hollanders -tfiought about v
their possessions in : the far east. '
They do' not believe hat Japan or
Kbgland has any design on Java an-t
Sumatra, but the activities of the
Japanese in the far eastjwas a source
of worry to them. g 1
A lot of false reports were spread
abroad some: time ago;: with the pur
pose in view it was believed of caus
ing Germany to invade: rloll and. The
kaiser, however, did not take any ac
tion and It is believed tHat he realised
that any organised attempt for the In
vasion of Holland by;. Germany was
false. The report hadt been up real
that Holland waa busy in the inter;
ests of the allies. TblsSwas false and
reported. It is believed solely to pro
voke Germany's wratli.i
Rumor Says Klao tiuu Fallen.
London, Oct. 54. That the Germans
have surrendered Klao-Hjhau Is assert
ed by some of th ,'Jpanese news
papers, according to pain unofficial '
news agency report reciMyed here from
Toklo today. The rnejisage did not
profess to have confirmation of this
rumor, but its author djd way that the
Klao Chau defenses coild not, in any
event, hold out much j?ngr.
ill
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