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THE OREGON SUNDAY: JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING. SEPTEMBER 27, 1914.
THE JOURNAL
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lORKlON AUTKUTISf MQ BBPKrBrrATIVB
Benjamin Kentnor Co.. Bro D'!'c
s Ktfth At... New York; IMS Peoples
(in Bide Cblraco.
Suoacripiloo term by mail a to any ad
dreaa ia Iba United Htatea ar Mexico:
DAILY. . .
One rear S9.no I One month 9
BtrNDAY. . M
One rear 2.M t One month
DAILY AND SUNDAY.
Ona year -.17.50 I Ooa month
-a
95
Olve us a character on which
we can thoroughly depend,
which we know to be based
on principle arM on the fear
of God. and It la wonderful
how many brilliant and popu
lar and splendid qualltlea we
can safely and gladly dispense
with. A, P. Stanley.
THEIR ABUNDANCE
NINETEEN HUNDRED AND
FOURTEEN Is a banner year
for Oregon farmers. They
never were in the midst of
such an abounding prosperity. The
crops are vast and the prices high.
A Bale of a million bushels of
wheat at 95 cents for Club and
$1.03 for Blue Stem was a tran
saction of the past week. There
is a scramble for wheat all over
the world, and Oregon farmers
never had so great a total to sell.
A news dispatch this week from
Heppner stated that representa
' tlves of Eastern woolen mills have
offered to contract next year's
.wool at 20 cents. It is a wool
Incident never before heard of in
Eastern Oregon. It is a price one
to two cents higher than this
year's wool price, and this year's
wool price is the highest on rec
ord. In livestock, in dairy and poul
y try products, farmers have ex
tremely high prices. Most con
sumers are paying 40 cents a
. dozen for fresh ranch eggs, and the
.wholesale price is 35 cents. Bat
ter is above the average price
level, and spring lambs are $6 to
$6.25. Ewes are $4.50, and even
. sold the past week at $4.75.
". The farmers of the state have
.more hogs than they ever had be
fore, and the price is at a top
level. Beef is seven cents, and
there is an unusual supply in the
state.
Hardly in a generation have
' farmers had so remarkable a com
bination of big crops and high
prices. Thny will have more
money this year to throw into the
channels of business and to lay
aside for their own uses than they
have had before jn twenty years.
Nor have they in " that period
had an outlook for continued pros
perity comparable with that which
is in prospect for them in the com
ing and future years.
And the sunlight of their abun
dance will, as it always does, shed
Itself in a good measure of pros
perity for those who are not for
tunate enough to be Oregon
farmers.
MR. FLEGEL
AF. FLEGEL is a better man
for Congress than is Mr.
McArthur, because in 1910
Mr. McArthur helped to
plot the destruction of the direct
primary through the assembly;
Because he long fought State
ment One and aa a member of the
state legislature voted for and
spoke for the notorious Brooke
Bean bill which made the taking
of Statement One an indictable
off en ee punishable with heavy pen
alties; Because at the 1913 session, Mr.
McArthur was a pillar and briga
dier in one of the tmost notorious
legislative machines' that ever op
erated in the Oregon state house,
and
Because, Mr. McArthur is a
standpatter and reactionary of the
most pronounced type and as such,
is not in sympathy with the aims
and purposes of Lincoln Republi
cans and democratic Democrats
and progressive Progressives.
These are sufficient reasons for
Mr. McArthur to have forfeited all
claims' he may have had for the
people to commission . him to go
to Congress and act for them.
Mr. Flegel Is a man whose aims
and purposes and conceptions and
Ideals are far better suited to the
wishes and plans of the people
or the Multnomah Congressional
district.
A HEAVY TOLL
this figures compiled byl
1 Benjamin r . Trueblood, LL.
D., are to be accepted, fifteen
billion lives have been lost in
war since the beginning of authen-
tic history. During the nineteenth
century alone, he estimates war
cost fourteen million lives through
- wounds and disease. In the Na
"i poleonic campaigns six million
were lost during the nineteen
' years from 1796 to 1815. The
' war of 1812-14 between England
, and the United States resulted in
the death of about 50,000 men.
r The war of 1846-48 between the
. United States and Mexico cost an-
other 50,000, most of the Ameri
can loss being from disease.
v American Civil war ap-
' proximately one million perished
' from wounds and disease. The six
.weeks war between Prussia, Aus
trU and Italy, la .1866 cost 45.000
lives.-. In the Franco-German wax
GETTYSBURG
N
EXT Sunday has been set aside
for nation-wide supplications for peace. " ? -
On that day, will ; the great battle of Alsne etfll be in
progress? - - . . - . -v" .' j' :-.
To that mighty struggle, with more : than 2,000,000 men. en
gaged, fourteen terrible days have already been , devoted. .. There is
no present sign of cessation of the fighting." . What more ' potent
reason for . the mind of this nation to be bent for? one day on deep
and earnest desire .for peace? V. ky'lV
No battle in history has brought each gigantic forces into 'action.
It is a portentous death grapple between two of the mightiest, beat
armed, and best equipped armies the world ever saw. Before it, was
the battle of Marne, up to its time, probably in loss dt life, a battle
.without a precedent. V ' f ,
Little is known about what the losses are at Alsne. They can
only be conjecture!. The war offices will not make the facta-public
until the conflict is over. If then, - In J that .mysterious word
'miBsing" which carries part of the rollcall in every battle, thou
sands upon thousands of brave boys will be told off into eternity
with the nation's ignorant of what they were or how they went.
At Gettysburg, the bloodiest battle of. the American Civil" war,
Meade bad 94,000 men and Lee 76.000, a total of 170,000. There
are twelve times as many men at Aisne, and probably many more.
The killed and wounded at Gettysburg,' not including the "miss
ing," were, Meade 17,567, and Lee 15,298, a total of 32,865. At
Gettysburg, the fighting lasted three days; at Aisne, It has been con
tinuous fourteen days. ,
A priest who was an eye witness of the -fighting at Mons, de
scribing the slaughter says:
The Germans charged at top speed. But the poor fellows never had
a chance. The British were well entrenched. The' .enemy advanced in
masHed formation. Our rifles were the best In the world, and the marks
manship of our troops could not be surpassed. The Germans were doomed
from the outset. ' :
Steadying their rifles at the top of the trenches,, the British fired at
wilL They couldn't miss. Every bullet found at . least two marks, and
uornetlmes three or four. The poor fellows fell like chaff before a fire.
Whole companies fell together. The wounded squirmed from the masses
of the dead and tried to continue the charge. It then became necessary
to shoot thm affair).
The sights I saw showed me conclusively that this la not war, bat.
a terrible holocaust. Its cost in human lives is almost impossible to
comprehend.
At Aisne, the terrible new artillery, the high power rifles and
the range finding by the skymen are far more efficient agencies of
destruction than Meade's 410 cannon and Lee's 190 cannon, and the
old Springfield rifles at Gettysburg. With twelve times as many
men engaged as at Gettysburg, with fourteen days of fighting in
stead of three, and with 32,865 killed and wounded in Meade's and
Lee's armies, this terrible battle of Aisne is to yield a slaughter to
stagger mankind.
What a reason for the United States to be thankful for peace,
and to have a day of fervent supplication for all the world to
sheathe the sword!
of 1870 the loss was 225,000. A
similar number perished in the
Russo-Turkish war.
The Zulu and Afghan wars in
1879 cost 40,000 lives. The Japanese-Chinese
war, according to in
complete estimates, cost 15,000
lives. The loss in the English
Boer war was 125,000 of whom
100,000 were English and It in
volved an additional sacrifice of
the lives of 15,00,0 Boer women
and children. '
The loss in the Spanish-American
war was less than 6000 but
the Philippine aftermath cost the
United States 5000 soldiers.
It is further estimated that the
total expenditure of money for
wars is approximately thirty-eight
billion dollars.
These figures take no account
of the destruction of property and
loss of wealth caused by the with
drawal of men from productive oc
cupations, nor of the vast sums
that have to be disbursed in inter
est on debts incurred by war.
COLUMBIA RIVER HIGHWAY
T
HE roadbed of the Columbia
River Highway is finished
between the top of the bluff
above Rooster Rock and War-
rendale and the concrete bridges
and viaducts are in place. There
remain about six miles of grade to
be built between Warrendale and
the county line. A large sum of
money is being expended by the
county in the work but it is well
spent. For every dollar the peo
ple are receiving a dollar's worth
of road.
A remarkable feature about the
construction is the low cost and
the expedition with which it has
progressed. In handling all classes
of excavation the average cost has
been 38 1-10 cents per cubic yard.
This Includes the 100 foot tunnel
at Oneonta gorge.
In work of this character this
amount is a record. The Oregon
Washington Railway & Navigation
Company,- .whose tracks run just
below the highway, spent 44 cents
per cubic yard for similar con
struction and the North Bank
Road 6n the opposite side of the
Columbia river, had to pay 56i
cents. '
In the section just west of La
tourelle Falls Roadmaster Yeon
installed a steam shovel to make
large fills, at a cost of seven cents
per cubic yard.
Ftom a scenic and engineering
standpoint the highway is un
rivalled in the world. From a bus
iness standpoint it is one. of the
best investments the county ever
made and at a time arhen the spirit
of militarism is abroad it might be
proper to say that from a military
standpoint it is full of possibilities.
All the mondy being disbursed
la making the highway will be re
turned a hundredfold through the
lowering of transportation rates
and through the attraction of tour
ists to the state.
When it is linker! up with roads
to Mount Hood and other points
of . natural Interest Oregon will
have done much towards capital
izing her immense scenic asset.
THE ROUND-UP
A'
NOTHER Pendleton Round
Up has passed into history
and joined the -old - days of
the west of which it was the
counterfeit. '
Again it has been demonstrated
that the spirit of those days when
men's blood ran red still exists
and that the "busting of bronchos,
riding of bulls. and tying of steers
is not a lost arL
4 It . was . also .demonstrated that
all these things appeal to the man
AND AISNE
by President Wilson as A day
I
of today as the circus dd in the
days of the Caesars.
The early life of the west is
passing fast away before modern
conditions. It is well that it be
preserved as long as possible' be
fore it is lost in tradition.
In this preservation the Round
Up has been and may continue to
be an important factor.
May the name of Pendleton be
long associated with it.
THE SUBMARINE
S
INKING bf the British cruls
era Aboukir, Hogue and;
jressy by a German submar
ine has again called attention
to the possibility that naval war
fare has been revolutionized.. Last
J une Sir Percy Scott, ah admiral
of the British navy and a naval
specialist of Jhe first rank, du-
ciarea in the London Times:
The introduction of vessels that
swim under water has, in my opin
ion, entirely done away with the
utility of ships that swim on top
or tne water.
While Admiral. Scott's statement
has not been- proved by the Ger
man submarine, the sinking of
three cruisers without injury to
the attacking vessel goes far to
ward demonstrating that naval
warfare has been revolutionized.
In any event, there is serious
question whether -enormous ex
penditures for dreadnaughts have
not produced little more - than
piles of floating Junk so far as ef
fectiveness in war is concerned.
Admiral Scott said the submar
ine will make It unsafe for a
fleet to put to sea, that battle
ships will be of no use either for
defensive or offensive purposes,
and that there should be no more
built, as it would be a misuse of
the people's money.
It Is entirely possible that when
the war is over the militant na
tions will be much wiser. The
claim has long been made that a
great navy is little more than a
source of expense to a nation, for
the efficient fighting ship of to-
aay is worth little tomorrow.
Also, the race for supremacy on
the sea has not made any nation
supreme. r' ,
If Admiral Scott was right last
June, as demonstrated by one sub
marine's work in the North sea,
it is yet possible that the people of
Europe may find relief from grind
ing taxes for the upbuilding of
imposing but useless fleets.
AMERICAN DIPLOMATS
A
FEW weeks ago the country
was told that under the Wil
son administration, and par
ticularly because of Mr.
Bryan, our diplomatic service had
been ruined. There are still manu
factured stories to the same ef
fect, but they are fewer- and
further between, s
Sir Edward Goshen', British am
bassador to Germany when war
was declared, has paid a high
tribute to James W. Gerard, Amer
ican ambassador to Berlin.
In his
final report Sir Edward says Mr.
Gerard showed great firmness and
calmness in dealing with a diffi
cult situation. It is the testimony
of a trained diplomat concerning
the ability shown by America's
representative.
Our diplomatic' and consular
service has done extremely well in
performing their arduous and, peril
ous . workup ; Mr. Gerard met the
crisis in Berlin. , In Belgium Brand
Whitlock is. credited -with having
saved Brussels from bombardment.
American consuls l performed the
same service for smaller ' Belgian
towns. . ;
r The attempt' to . prove that pon
tics and -personal , interests were si-
lowed .' to lower . the ' standard of
our diplomatic service has signally
failed.. The United States has
some modern Ben Franklins in ithe
war cone. Whether .or not they
belong to the "shirt sleeve" school,
they are getting things done, and
getting: them done right. . Except
for-a mysterious report about Am
bassador-elect Sharps in Paris, not
a won of criticism has appeared
anywhere. The - country has rea
son to be ' proud of its representa
tives in Europe. .
THE POOR OLD MAN
S THERE any sadder sight than
that of the helpless aged poor,
the maimed veterans of the
battle of life? - .
. They have struggled against
poverty and have finally ' been
Beaten. It may be that they were
foredoomed ' to 'defeat by lack of
capacity, or, want of thrift, bnt is
it for us to judge?
"When a man. cant get "work
and is broke, the' best thing he
can do is to kill himself," said a
man 63 years of age when, ar
raigned In the Municipal court Fri
day on a charge of drunkenness.
Although the man was wrong in
his conclusion yet his statement
opens up an old question.
Is not the failure of society , to
afford every willing individual an
opportunity to exchange the ser
vice of which he Is capable for a
sufficient remuneration to meet his
natural needs a greater crime
against itself than the suicide of
the individual?
Is it not a greater crime than
the theft of the individual to pro
vide for a starving family? 1
Which la the greater the law of
nature on the law of man?
Better than an academic discus
sion. Is the effort to bring them
into harmony. To paraphrase a
saying of Abraham Lincoln you
can not have a civilization half fed
and half hungry. A civilization
which permits a . part of Its ! units
to suffer from hunger is only a
part civilization.
To enlarge the social vision and i
RtimiilatA the 11 rx,I-
- w u vvaia wr 1A0 Mf UV'TJ VJ
the end that every man shall have
the opportunity to work according
to his capacity is the real purpose
of life.
Young and able 'men are right
fully censured for lack of service
and lack of provision against the
Incapacity of old age but there
should be pity for the hopeless,
helpless and friendless, aged, drift
ing derelict. '
SALVATION BY SHOOTING
E
DWTN D. MEAD of the World
Peace Foundation- has been
In Europe as an observer and
student of war. He declares
that the theory of salvation by
shooting has absolutely broken
down. Concerning the war, Mr.
Mead said.
My sympathies- are with the peo
ple everywhere, and the great les
son for us all is to discriminate
sharply between the people and the
governments. Small military cliques
In Austria, Russia and Germany were
responsible for precipitating things.
Autocracies must be supplanted by
more popular control. Monstrous mil
itary establishments are really ' re
sponsible. Persistent and solemn
warnings of the peace party have
gone unheeded and their prophecies
have been inexorably, fulfilled.
Mr. Mead conferred with many
leading men in London, Berlin and
Leipsic He paid It is very easy
to be a violent partisan and con
demn Russia and England on the
one hand or Germany on the other.
"But this is the method of a man
who knows little of the history
of the last ten years.
What is needed Is a political re
construction of the world on ra
tional and moral principles. The
task is not impossible. It will re
quire time, but Europe should
profit by the lesson she is learning.
The time win come when the
world win be organized for jus
tice and cooperation instead of for
war.
While the fighting Is fiercest is
tne best time for dwelling on rh
afw t - . m
" "l "" " umojior
discouragement. The world will
secover from wounds Inflicted ! by
the combatants, and the import
ant thing is that recovery snail
cairv with It determination by the!
people tnemseives to be saved
from another such devastating con
flict. It is within the power of the
people, the chief sufferers from
war, to prevent armed conflict.
There is no salvation by shooting
for either individual or nation. '.
Bismarck's Definition.
From the Youth's Companion.
In the newspapers of today we very
often find -the words entente cordlale.
Most readers understand the meaning
of the expression, .but it Is rather dif
ficult to make a translation that ex
presses the exact meaning of .the
original French. Prince Bismarck
gave a good explanation when his
daughter asked him what' the entente
cordlale really was.
-Well,, be said, "it is not so asv
i to define literally. It means a cordial
I understanding, but It also has a little
different significance.. For mmni.-
You were in-the courtyard this morn
ing when I came from the garden with
Nero; Diana was in the yard, gnawlsg
a large bone. Then there was a few
sharp blows with my. cane. After
that the bone lay in the middle of the
court, while both dogs stood : off at
some distance and' looked eagerly at
it. Each dog was afraid of my cane,
and therefore neither ventured to
seise It You see. that is what they
call 'in diplomatic circles an entente
cordlale." t,
Who Threw That Brick?
From Cincinnati Enquirer. --Why
do you feed every tramp -who
comes along? They never do any work
for you." - - ' - . v. ' - ij
"No said his wife, -but It is quite a
satisfaction to. me to see a man eat
without finding fault with the cooking.-
w , - . .- :.- A y
SCHOOL MOVIES
By Dr. Frank Crane.
(Copyright. 1M4, by Frank CraneJ
The educational value of moving
pictures presents boundless possfMU-
tJea.
It is safe to ' say that no dr1e
ever conceived by the mind and mads
by the hands of man Is so significant
educationally as thu ohoto film.
The days of crucifying children tn
order to get Information , Into their
noggins Is past. Latrslnr la coin
to be exciting, interesting, fascinat
ing. .
The old theory was that pupils
snoutd be forced to stndy. by author
ity. by Waning. They beat one end
of the child to get knowledge into the
other. The new theory, founded upon
intelligent psychology and scientific
pedagogy, to that young- people natur
ally love to learn, have an Inborn
curiosity to know things, and that the
real teacher Is the one who skillfully
directs this normal desire.
In other words, the good teacher la
tne teacher that can transform
study Into a srame.
For instance, history. When X went
to school this was the dryeat of all
things dry. We had to learn and re
cite that "On the fourteenth of June
Grant moved toward Shiloh with his
west wing, while somebody else ad
vanced southward with two divisions
to form a Junction with General
Thingumbob's Seventh Illinois. Jt
was as killing to us children as to the
combatants.
Wa had no idea what It was all
about. All the Interesting part of
the wretched text book was in the
anecdotes in the foot notes.
That will be changed. Our children
shall see General Grant. The his
toric figures of Washington. Jackson
Lee and Webster will become familiar
friends. Companies of skilled actors
will perform every critical Incident
in history before the camera, and ths
resulting story of the world will b
the entertainment of youth.
Scipio and Hannibal, Caesar,
Xerxes, Pericles and Napoleon, our
boys and girls will know these char
acters as well and as lovingly as we
knew Jack the Giant Killer and Alad
din.
The time is not far distant when
the moving picture apparatus-wtll be
in the equipment or every scnooi
house. The attempt to teach without
it will be absurd.
Geography, too. No more murder
ous Dajtes of dull facts, but the peo
Die of Holland and of Turkey, of
Chile and of Newfoundland, will ap
pear In person; gathering rubber,
mowinar wheat, garnering the cane
and catching the mackerel, will be
understood in the easiest of all ways.
y neing prwem auu
watching the
ote ration.
In science the children will behold
the Boentgen-ray photo of a living,
beating heart and the circulation of
the blood, on a screen 14 feet in disin
ter." Botany, electricity, chemistry, bi
ology, geology, anthropology, spectro
scopy, anatomy, forestry, think of
these being turned into fun!
A child can learn more in his Tues
day and Friday afternoons in the
school. with the moving pictures than
we learned in cruel weeks and months
of book grinding.
Moving pictures as an amusement
are great; but the enterprising genius
who shall first grasp and utilise the
possibilities of ths movie in the school
house will be the greatest benefactor
of his time; the children of all the
earth shall rise up and call him
blessed.
And ths shrewd promoter who shaU
organize, capitalize and make real this
idea will probably become one of our
most dangerous citizens, oa account
of his moneys.
Letters From the People
(Communications aent to The Jooraal for
ponUcatioa la this department ahoald be writ
ten on only one aide of the paper, should not
exceed SOO word in length and most be ac
companied by the name and addreaa of the
sender. If tha writer doea not dealra t
have Uae name published, ha should so stste.)
itmm...i. - ih. .r.i t,t nf all reform-
era. It rationalises everything it touches.
robs principles ot all false sanctity and
throws them back on their reasonableness. II
they hare no reasooaWeneaa, it ruthless 17
crufbes them 00 1 ot existence snd art up Its
own conclusions la their ints. "
Wilson.
If Hops Were No More Grown.
Or SeDt 25. To the Ed
itor of The Journal Growers ot wheat
should be proud of Oregon, which had a
118,000,000 wheat crop, but are they too
?k Let them not think this
is a fight between prohibition and the
hon industry, wnue mey auuia 7,
4rvrtiffrrit- for 144.600.000 bush
els of wheat la used for liquor in
the United States. With prohibition
th would necessarily mean an un
sold surplus. Locally. Curtis P. Coe
would have us sow wheat instead of
mi vcArlv S6.000.00O hop crop. This
adiini wheat acreage would make an
other surplus, meaning for all of us
financial ruin. The wine, cider and
brandy made Into liquor would per
Hnai double the wheat surplus. Cut
that nft rrom oar now overdone mar
ket and have our toop yards in fruit.
uui what would the fruit raisers get?
i Oromn'a hav record is Iiz.boo.oow. sir.
: fn, tAila us to sow our hop fields in
V- ... Portland
Clover, my nciauuvi "
nt could not sell his hay. Does Mr.
Coe want us in the hay business, so
w will all get less man not rung t
Mr. Coe tells us that $9,800,000 is spent
bv Oregon for imported liquors, ims
i nrnves that even now we are unpro-
gressive. We neea-eastern capital iu
all purposes, but especially to build in
Portland great breweries, distilleries
n wineries. With the exception of
(prohibition Kansas corn) Bourbon
whiskey, because we grow less corn.
we pay freight both ways for our
nroduoe axid manufactured liquors. We
want greater enterprise to inspire
greater production, not less; to bring
multitudes of people to buy livestock,
butter and eggs. We want a greater
Oregon. Prohibition would kill all lines
of business. It has the audacity to
class us among the white slavers, the
underworld, the anarchists and thieves.
Yet they go into the penitentiaries and
make the convicts their allies and class
themselves among the murderers. Led
by ministers, under the guise oi tern
Derance. an attempted $704,000,000 con
fiscation is on record ln California.
Prohibition is not temperance. Tem
perance is not prohibition. Vote wet
to save the country from destruction
and for true temperance, not prohibi
tion. ELLA M. FINNEY.
A Plea for Relief Measures.
Portland. Sept. 23. To the Honora
ble Governor West and the Honorable
Mayor and City Commissioners of
Portland Gentlemen: Don't you think
it Is about time to try to stop this un
rest and revolution that the people and
the press are predicting this winter?
It is claimed by many that this win
ter one half of the workers will be but
of work and starving. Why not use the
credit of the State and of the cities
and put the unemployed to work at
reasonable wages, producing food,
clothing . and shelter for themselves,
tbe stat or cities, to pay for said prod
ucts with credit script receivable for
all debts due ths city or state, and sell
said products to the citizens st cost.
This will solve the unemployed prob
lem, and its will not raise our taxes or
public expense. - It is the duty of the
tats and ef the cities to take cans ef
THE WAR AND OUR OCEAN TRADE
Wlnthrop li,
Marvin In
Review ef
Without ader taking to consider the
causes,, the fact is that when Great
Britain, Germany, Francs, Russia and
Austria plunged into war in the mid
summer or 1814. their merchant amps
and the ships of the few maritime na
tions remaining neutral were carrying
93 per cent of the overseas trade of the
United States a. trade which In the
latest fiscal year was valued at nearly
$4,000,000,000. Our principal carriers
were Great Britain and Germany, and
the ships of the latter's flag were at
once removed from consideration.
There ensued, of course, a paralysis of
export and import commerce- that
struck at ths prosperity of every part
of the nation.
At the outbreak of the war the
American flag was flying over only six
steamships out of the two or three
hundred liners regularly engaged in
the great; transatlantic trade between
the ports of the United States and the
ports of Europe. These six steamships
are the St. Louis, 8C Paul. New York
and Philadelphia, of the American line.
from New .York to Cherbourg and
Southampton 20 knot passenger, mall
and express freight vessels of 11,000
and 10,000 tons and the Finland and
Kroonlaad, 16 knot steamships of the
Red Star line from New York to Ply
mouth and Antwerp vessels of 12,000
tons, with excellent passenger accom
modations and a considerable cargo ca
pacity. Not one of the latest Atlantic
leviathans has sailed under the Stars
and Stripes. All of these six American
steamships are in the service of the In
ternational Mercantile Marine com
pany. The four first named are the
regularly subsidized transatlantic pos
tal fleet of the United States, and the
Finland and Kroonland were built in
anticipation of a later subsidy measure,
which was not enacted.
Besides these six American steamers,
the wax at the outset left neutral a few
small steamship lines under the colors
of Spain. Portugal and Scandinavi
The Holland-America steamers have
been forced to traverse a danger zone,
the Belgian steamers of the Red Star,
line went almost Immediately into the
belligerent class, and a hazard of even-
tual participation clings to the steam
ship lines of Italy.
Not only were the regular lines af
fected but the slow freighters, the
wheat asd cotton ships, belonged chief
ly to tra-. belligerent 'nations. With al
most twvsthirds of the cotton crop and
many millions of bushels of the huge
grain crop demanding markets over
seas, the United States has been in
volved by the war in an incalculable
misfortune. For it is only In Europe
that the great bulk of our surplus cot
ton and grain can be disposed of.
Though the war in .its first effects
crippled steamship communication on
tne transatlantic routes, it has naa no
such disastrous result on the route to
the West Indies and the nearer ports of
Ian tic South America. American
shipping hold a respectable place in
the Caribbean region, and about one
half of the entire commerce of that re
gion is, and has been, with the United
States. A strong Americas steamship
service, the Ward line, connects Mex
ico, Cuba and the Bahamas with New
York. This is a mall-sufosidlzed serv
ice, and so is that of the Red D line.
from New York to Venezuela via Porto
Rico. Our West Indian colony la under
the coastwise laws, and possesses com
munication In ships of several American
lines with New York and ports of the
Golf of Mexico. The Panama Railroad
Steamship line, another American serv
ice operated by the war department,
runs from N-rw York to Colon. The
Clyde line runs to Santo Domingo, and
the Southern Pacific line from New Or
leans to Cuba, which has steamship
connection also with the Florida penin
sula.
Ships of the large fleet of the United
Fruit company, sailing under British
and other foreign colors, but so secure
ly American in ownership that they are
not likely to be disturbed, ply between
our Atlantic and gulf ports and Jamai
ca, Cuba, Central America, and the Isth
mus of Panama, and the Munson line,
also with American owned ships of for
eign register. Is an important factor in
the Cuban trade. The United Fruit
company may come completely under
the. American flag. The Atlas line of
German steamers has been withdrawn
from the New York-West Indian serv
ice, but otherwise our West India com
munications have not been, and pre
sumably will not be, seriously reduced.
Nor Is there any hazard in the war
to what is . now the most important
steamship service under the American
flag the long voyage coastwise serv
ice through tbe now open Panama canal
between the Atlantic and Pacific sea
board. The American-Hawaiian com
pany has completed its great fleet of
26 steamships of a total dead weight
capacity of nearly 300,000 tons; the
Emery company, of Boston, has ap
peared upon the route, and the Interna
tional Mercantile Marine company has
confirmed its purpose to offer a pas
senger service that will become avafl
abel as soon as the war will permit.
These Panama steamers are all of bona
fide American ownership and register,
the great present hope of our mer
chant marines. They are sufficient ln
number to provide a sailing f ronv, the
Atlantic to the Pacific every business
day throughout the year.
On the Pacific, one American steam
ship of the Great Northern company,
from Puget sound, and four or five
their citizens and give them a show to
make an honest living for themselves
and famiUes. This plan will stop this
unrest and give us the best market ln
tbe world for our products. Tbe stats
and the cities are well able to take care
of -their unemployed, but we cannot
take care of the unemployed of ths
whole world. J. LANDIGAN.
Why r He Votes Dry.
Oregon City, Sept 23. To the Ed
itor of The Journal We hear a great
deal about booze ' and the saloon of
late. I heard a man say not long ago
that every saloonkeeper waa a thief.
I cannot agree with him, but I do not
think boose makes men any better. My
first recollection of booze was when I
was quits small and my first recollec
tion of a saloon was in Paris, Texas,
and while I never entered It, some
thing happened there the night my
chum insisted on my going there with
him. Just to look on, that I never have
forgotten. It seems to me there is so
little good. If any, in ths saloon or
booze that we would be better oft
without either; i my experience and ob
servation has been that they are very
dangerous. I have had a few friends
that committed suicide and have seen
many that were made destitute by
strong drink. - I have seen : both men
and women that were about as de
graded - as a human being can get. I
was ln a saloon once that had several
tacks of money on two or three ta
bles. I do not think that I ever saw
any more money at one time ln any
place. I hardly knew what to think
about it, but finally figured it out that
tbe mines had produced the money
and the saloons came to get it, and
that .was why they were there1 with
the gambling devicea, , I do not' re
member of being in a saloon ln Ore
gon City, but I saw amove of their pa
trons when , they were running, and 'X
shall rots oryj K. M BKOWIC-
steamships of the : Pacific Mail com
pany, from San Francisco, run to Jan-
an, China and the Philippines. The
Oceanio Steamship company operates a
rcesuLousnea postal suosiay una rrom
San Francisco to Australasia. The Pa
cific Mail maintains a service from San
Francisco to Central America and
Western Mexico. There Is. however, no
American steamship line to the greater
countries of South America, with the
exception of one freight line operated
by the United States Steel corporation,
with chartered ships of the Araerlcan-
Hawaiaan company from New York to
Brazil. . f .
Both theraln and the cotton crops
are coming .forward. Where are the
shlDs reoulslte'to earrv them? Shins
of neutral nations dan nominally trade
to ail ports, even ports or DelUgerent
nations that have not been formally
blockaded, but ln effect the widening j
of the definition of contraband to in
clude conditionally even such articles
as food stuffs very seriously "circum
scribes all practicable war time com
merce. Theoretically, until formal
blockade Is proclaimed, as waa done by
our government in the Civil War with
the porta of the Confederacy, an Amer
ican ship, or any other neutral ship,
has a right to carry a clearly non-contraband
cargo to Bremen or Hamburg
or Trieste. But, as a matter of fact, no
American or other neutral ship will
dare to do this, except as a desperate
speculation. Whether or not a block
ade is proclaimed, a blockade actually
exists, and Germany and Austria must
be dismissed from consideration as con
sumers of products of the United States.
But the -porta of Great Britain, ex
cept those on the northeast coast, and
the ports of France ought to remain
open to the neutral commerce of Amer
ica Already a large part of the serv
ice of British and French transatlanic
steamship companies Is being cautiously
resumed. It must be expected, how
ever, that the British and French
steamship schedules will be liable to
interruption throughout the war, be
cause of imperative demands of the
home government for ships for trans
port or other auxiliary service.
Already freight rates to north Euro
pean ports have doubled, and there has
been an increase of SO per cent in the
rates to countries outside ot the wax
zone, to Africa and South America. In
surance rates also have attained exces
sive figures, though they are signifi
cantly low for ships flying the Amer
ican flag, of unquestioned American
ownership, on- the American register
before the war began.
Our government in this crisis should
insist With firmness on full neutral
rights for all Its ships and cargoes. If
the nation possessed a great mercantile
maxims, or was naiuaiy ctbbuiik such at
nr tKi- k!
opportunity. Undoubtedly, there will
be additions to our overseas tonnage
from the larger vessels of the coast
wise trade. Some of these have al
ready been chartered, and others are
being offered by their managers. The
Clyde and Majlory lines and their al
lied companies have signified that IS
steamers to carry grain or cotton are
ax the service of the government. The
American-Hawaiian company has other
and larger steamers ready. It so hap
pens that because of the general de
pression ln domestic business many
American coastwise vessels have been
lying idle ln port awaiting an improve
ment in trade, or the opening of the
Panama canal. Seventeen such Vessels
have been unemployed at Boston. 30 at
New York, and more than 40 at San
-Francisco. Some are too small for
profitable overseas voyaging but some
are larger vessels carrying from 5000
to 10,000 tons.
.- One factor, beyond the lack of ships,
which has temporarily crippled the ex
port trade, is the breakdown of ex
change. This is a financial, and not a
transportation, difficulty and it can be
remedied. Another factor of discour
agement has been the heavily increased
Insurance rate, so high as to leave
small profit to shipowners and owners
of cargo. But this difficulty will be
lifted with the adoption by congrea of
the plan recommended by President
Wilson for the government insurance
of ships of American register.
Vigorous inaisteno on the rights of
neutrals, tbe oee of coastwise vessel
wherever practicable, and national in
surance of American vessels will be
straightforward and practical methods
of relief of the war congestion of our
export and import trade. Congress has
already at this writing passed the
emergency shipping measure In the
form in which it was sought by the
administration. This provides for the
admission to American registry of
foreign built steamships, without re
gard to age, owned by American citi
zens or by American corporations of
which the president and managing dU
rectors are American citizens. Fur
ther to encourage the naturalization of
foreign built ships, the president Is
authorized ln his discretion to suspend
the requirement of existing law that
the officers of American ships shall be
American citlzena The president ia
also authorized in his discretion to sus
pend the requirement that foreign built
ships shall comply with American laws
governing survey. Inspection and meas
urement. The new law In its terms actually
grants a valuable preference to foreign
built ships over existing ships on the
American register. It is an unmistak
ably liberal proposition an urgent in
vitation to the ships of the world to
seek the American, colora Indeed,
American ownership may be merely
nominal, for it can be secured by for
eign capital through the simple exped
ient of organizing an American corpor
ation, ln which only three or four of
ficers need be American citizens, hold
ing the few shares of stock necessary
to qualify.
Recognizing already that even the
broader free ship proposition will fail
of adequate result. President Wilson
has brought forward a new and radical
expedient government ownership of
steamship lines. Tbe maximum of $30,
000,00 which the president asks con
gress to appropriate for the purchase
and of ration of foreign built steam
ships in government lines under the
American flag is only a small fraction
of tbe amount requisite to create an
adequate fleet. The proposal la a make
shift, and a perilous makeshift, for the
mere Introduction of It has aroused re
sentment abroad and provoked warn
ing that the American nationality of
ships bought from belligerents ln this
belated and dubious way would not be
accepted for a moment. Thus both tbe
emergency shipping measure and this
later plan of government ownership in
volve grave risk of international com
plications. One steamship service is now owned
by the government that of the Pan
ama Railroad Steamship company, ac
quired from the French with other as
sets of the old canal. This line, though
favored in the transportation of gov
ernment supplies, has Incurred heavy
deficits in some years when private
owned competing lines earned reason
able dividends. It Is an unfortunate
precedent: the experience of the United
States in ooeaa trade with the one line
which it controls la not encouraging, i
The great, unmistakable lesson of this
war to the American people is that an
adequate merchant marine can no mors
be improvised ia an emergency than
can an adequate fighting navy.: Ths
cost of our lack of American ships will
IN EARLIER DAYS
By Fred Loekley.
Dave and Ben McKee are not only
brother by blood, but they are broth-
era in arms. Both served in the Yak
ima Indian war. Dave waa born la
Kentucky In 1S3S. and Ben was bora .
two year later while the family was '
on the way to Missouri. Both Dave
and Ben live in Woodburn. where I
recently met them and found Dave
at hts brother's' house discussing -.
the war. -Tell me about the war in r
which ou served 0 yean ago," X
I said to Dave.
"Ben was 18 and I was 20 when -
we enlisted," he said. "Ben enlisted
ln Captain Bennett's company and I ,
"'atned up with Captain Williams la
taptain uon ana - lu
14111 Williams were sent with their
companies Into the Burnt river coun
try, une oi the rirst experiences we
had with the Indians was when three -of
jur men were aent to a high ledge
of rock to look over the country for
any signs of Indians. The thrtse men
were Dan Smith, Richards and Eateav
A bunch of Indians were hidden back
of the rock. They fired at our man,
killing Smith and Estea. Richards
trousers and coat were riddled, but
none of the bullets hit him. He re
ported locating the . Indiana, and as
they were ln force, we decided to wait
until next morning to attack them.
They fired at our camp fires during
the night, so we moved back from the
fires. Next morning we drove the In
dians off.
"Dan Smith was about OS years old.
Me had a heavy 4iead of hair and a
big heart. The Indiana scalped bis
head and alao his face, thus getting
tnree scalps, one from the head and.
one from each cheek. Estes was bald-'
headed and smooth shaven, so they
didn't bother him with their scalping ,
knives.
"We came on back to the Grands
Ronde valley and found that another
company of volunteers had been ln a
fight with the Indians there. We found
two dead squaws. We went on to what
is now Walla Walla and put up a log
house, the first one to be built on ths
present site of Walla Walla This was
ln the summer of 1SS6. What is now
called Wall a la was then called Fort
Walla Walla.
"Dave's talking about having two
of their men scalped reminds me of
a similar incident that happened to our
company," said Ben. "We were up in
the Touchet country, after Peo-peo-mox-mox
and his cayuse Indians.
Three of our boys were out scouting
when six Indians took after them. The
Indians chased our three men down
Into the bed of a creek. There they
killed two of them while 'the other
, . . . , . . .
man crawled Into the brush beside the
stream. He stayed hidden there while
tbe Indians scalped his two comrades.-
"W. K. Beale, one of the sergeants ln
our company, married Hiram Taylor's
daughter after the war. I went to see
him hanged ln Salem. He and Baker
were executed for the murder of old
man Delaney. John Hauxhurst was
one of our best fighters. He had a
little Indian blood ln him. Horace Hol
den was In our company; so was John
G. Wright, who still lives In 8a I em.
"A bullet makes a peculiar sound
when It hits a man. I was standing
by Bluford Miller when lie was shot. I
happened to be standing by Andy Shep
ard, our lieutenant, when a bullet went
through his arm.
"There used te be a lot of politics
In companies 60 years ago- Albert
Davis wanted to be elected captain of
the company, but Charles Bennett was
elected. Davis got a lot of the boys
drunk and got them to promise to leave
the company and start a new company
with him as captain. When the boys
sobered up they wouldn't leave Captain
Bennett's company. Bennett called the
company together and said: 'If any of
you men are dissatisfied with me as
captain you can quit right now.' Davis
and a few of the men quit and that
settled the trouble.
-Fighting 60 years ago and today Is
altogether different. Now they can
kill a man farther away than they can
see him. They can mow them down
with machine guns like I moV my
grass with a reaper. They can sail
over him and drop a bomb on him.
We killed at most a few score or a
few hundred; now they kill a few
thousand and call it a slight skirmish
or a rear guard action. It isn't even a
battle. About tbe only resemblance
between the Indian war in '55 and '66
and the war today Is that, while we
didn't kill very many, the ones wo
killed were just as dead as the ones
they Mil today by their improved
method a."
be borne throughout tbe war, not by
the maritime states, but by tbe cotton
growing states of the south and the
wheat and grain growing states of the
middle west, many of whose public
men and public Journals have for half
a century shown themselves indiffer
ent or hostile to every effort to create
an American ocean shipping.
It was these influences, from tbe
Interior of the country, that defeated
the earnest efforts of President Roose-C
velt and of President Taft to secure na
tional aid for the establishment of
steamship lines to South America -and
serosa the Pacific ocean. Both Mr.
Roosevelt and Mr. Taft pointed but
that the inland states needed a mer
chant shipping even more than the
seaboard states. But inland statesmen
caused the defeat of the shipping bill
by narrow majorities in the house of
representatives. Their own people,
their own agricultural constituents,
are now paying the penalty, and, in
spite of all efforts to prevent it, that
penalty will have been a heavy one be
fore this war 1 ended.
More than a century ago President
George Washington and Thomas Jef
ferson, his secretary of state, warned
their countrymen in a Joint communi
cation to- congrea that dependence
upon foreign nations a onr es car
riers was a costly blunder, for. aside
from tbe disastrous effects upon our
shipbuilding and seamanship which
these two great Americans vividly pic
tured, "our products, carried ln foreign
bottoms, would be saddled with war
freights and Insurance ln time of war."
Congress listened, and passed one
after another laws that brought ths
American tonnage registered for over
seas commerce up from 123,600 tn 17S
to 667,000 ln 1S00, and to ft 1. 000 la
1310. At the beginning of this period
American ships wars carrying 23 per
cent of this country's Imports and ex
ports; and at tbe end of ths period
they were carrying 91 par cent.
Another great world war has found
the United States as unprepared and
helpless to safeguard its overseas trade
as it waa in the first administration of
Washington. That this is so is going to
prove the shame and ths loss of ths
American people. - -
There will be a grave shortage of ,
food this year tn Europe. Great Bri
tain may manage to provide ships te
bring supplies for her own people, but
she cannot do much moss. An Amer
ican merchant marine of unquestioned
natlonall ty tot a merchant marine .of '
suddenly "whitewashed" ships would -now
be a boon to tha-world -4o tho
people whom its safe neutral carriage
could succor, as well as to ths people
I whose flag it would Oy, v.. -'
-Mi . . .1 "-
i