the Journal
.labHaer
i-Mtb' vvcrr cu4ift- fearept Maiularf "4
erj Sunday morning at Tha Jirn BnlM
IfcC. Broadway and YsnUilll ill.. I'ortfnd. Or.
k u I mrmA mt thu unHtnflM u, t'df-f lit nil. Of.. IOT
tranamtaalon ttrouiiii tti taaila ond
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Itl.trilU.NU-Matu 717; Home. A-uol. AM
Vartmla racbJ by 1hcr aumbera. Tail
Ikt Htcrator kat dpjmrl rornt jou want.
OH(.HiN VDVfclillul.SG ufcfU.Si LAI 1 a.
mi a at Krutnor Co.. Brawl . Bldg..
SOJ HMt Jin-- lw Vork; 1 SUS , People'
ftaaacrlptton Itsi bj mall M '
rM U th United Ktt-a or MW-
DAILY .
Ooa ar $5.0u I on aonta......
SL'KDAY
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DAJI.V AND CNlAY
nu i; M i O-w imiuin . . . . -J
T
When You Go Away
Have The Journal sent to
your Summer address.
59
v
When one man propose a
thing another man usually
proposes o.ie bo much better
that nothing Is done. Atchison
Globe.
CHAMBERLAIN'S STATEMENT
other nations, not only daring the . gxesslvely carried forward as a , waa ever displayed by the rankest
war bat after peace is declared. 'defense of the American people) ' populist In his maddest hours.
As a neutral nation the. United .against price manipulation and ex-
States, once iosse$5ed of vessels, 1 tortion.
can .transport many cargoes fbat
will not eome within the definition
of contraband. Because of present
conditions In ' Europe American
grains and - meats are In greater
demand than ever before. Cloth
ing, shoes, and all wearing apparel
will be needed abroad In- great
quantities. Meanwhile that por
tion of Europe, not involved, South
America, Asia and Africa will need
the goods that they have hereto
fore purchased in Europe.
The time is now ripe to gain e
permanent foothold in South
America, if that trade Is carefully
cultivated. Recent developments
have brought about better political
relations with South American re
publics. It Is only a question of
service and If the trade is rightly
treated It can be retained.
With legislation that will build
up a merchant marine, with new
Industries springing up and old
ones expanding, the war will pro
vide a stepping stone for the United
States into the markets of the
world, and give an advantage hard
to overcome after peaie is declared.
LAUGHIXO STOCK?
T
T
IHOUSANDS of his friends in
Oregon are hoping for tne
early return of Senator Cham
berlain in order that he may
lead the fight "for hiB reelection.
It is possible that he may not
get back to Oregon at all during
the ' campaign. The emergency
measures incident to the European
war. such as the bill for an Ameri
can marine, have temporarily dis
placed' the anti-trust ollls on the
senate calendar. The rivers and
harbors bill is also hung up, wait
ing, for war legislation and the
anti-trust measures to be disposed
of. Nobody knows what else may
develop to make it essential for
Congress to remain in session, and
nnt nf the comnlications there are
all kinds of possibilities.
Senator Chamberlain has made
it clear that he intends to remain
at Washington whilo public busi
ness requires his presence there,
in spite of the fact that letters are
pouring in on him from Oregon
friends urging his return." In the
statement, he says:
I shall have to rely upon my friends
in Oregon to take care of my cam
paign. It Is Tar more Important that
I, remain at my post and attend to
the -strenuous duties and Important
responsibilities brought upon us by
the European war, than It Is that I
be reelected to the. senate. Of course,
I do not want to be defeated, but I
had rather be defeated than be
charged with treachery to the Inter
ests of my state and my country in
these momentous times when every
public servant ought to be at his
post of duty.
It is regrettable that Senator
Chamberlain is thus held at Wash
ington, while his opponent, who
has been scouring the state for
months, is journeying into every
county and precinct, beating the
brush for votes. It i3 now eighteen
months since Senator Chamberlain
left Oregon for Washington, and
throughout the period he has been
pressed hard with the duties of
his position.
But he is right in remaining at
his post regardless of his personal
political interests, a decision that
will command the admiration of
his friends and arouse them to a
strenuous fight for his reelection.
A COMPARISON
T
ITALY'S DEVELOPMENT
JOHN E. JONES, :Amerlcan con
sul general at Genoa, discusses
in Daily Trade and Consular
Reports Italy's commercial de
velopment during the past twenty-
xive years, in mat time ltaiy nas
nearly doubled her Imports and ex-
purely agricultural country has be
come largely commercial.
n 1 i .
however, by several conditions,
and the year was unfavorable both
economically and financially. Ag
riculturally the country was pros
perous, but It was a bad year for
- Investments of all kinds. There
were" serious labor troubles. Build
ing operations were halted, the
marble industry suffered, there was
a marked decrease in shipping;
strikes and general financial strin
gency prevailed throughout the
twelve months.
Italy suffered through, the is
suance of $200, 000.000 in govern
ment bonds, a large portion of the
. proceeds of which was used in
financing the Tripoli campaign. It
, was money taken from Industry
and dumped into a project which
from the Btart gave little promise
of ' early return. Conditions had
Improved somewhat at the end of
IDtl Tn.. .i ....
ties broke out, Iatly had not re
covered from industrial and finan
cial' depression.
The facta stated by Mr. .Jones
probahly had large bearing on
Italy's determination not . to Join
t Germany and Austria in a general
."European war. The Italians are
' having a Jiard struggle at home,
rhlch is always a materlaj reason
- ' for not engaging in conflict abroad.
HE situation in Belgium re
calls an utterance of the cele
brated Von Moltke in hrS nar
rative of the Franco-German
war of 1870. He said:
It Is a mistake to believe that a
far reaching plan of campaign can be
drawn up and then carried out to
the end. The very first conflict with
the enemy creates a new situation In
accordance with its outcome. Much
then becomes impossible of execution
which one had in view, much possible
what had not been expected. To judge
correctly the changed conditions, to
order for the immediate future what
ever is necessary and to carry it
through vigorously is all the head
of the army can do.
This is the test of generalship
and it remains to be seen if the
Von Moltke of today Is the equal
of his famous uncle of 1870.
A comparison of the events of
th6 past week with the opening
movements of 1870 show that the
German forces have struck this
time with greater quickness. This
is probably due to -the fact that
railway transportation is much
more extensive now than it was
then.
In 1870 fourteen days elapsed
after the mobilization before the
German Emperor went to the
Rhine, where 300,000 troops had
been concentrated in three armies,
comprising when completed.884,000
men.
Not. until August 4 was the first
offensive movement in force begun
On that day the third army crossed
the French frontier with 128 bat
talions of Infantry, 102 squadrons
of cavalry and 80 batteries of artil
lery. They met severe opposition
the same dar which cost them 1500
men.
The first real battle did not
come until August 6 at Worth and
Splcheren. On August 16 came the
battle of Vionville and Mara la
iour ana two aays later came
Gravelotte. This waB the decisive
battle of the war. Two weeks
later Napoleon surrendered with
his army of 104,000 at Sedan. By
September 17 the Germans were
investing Paris which held out
until the end of February, 1871.
It was a six months war, won by
incomparable German preparedness
and Btrategy, a result approximated
four years earlier by Prussia, in
ner defeat or Austria in a six
weeks' war.
WENtT of Secretary Bryan's
arbitration treaties wKh
smaller nations have been re
ported favorably to the wen-
ate by the Foreign Relations com
mittee. ,
Momentous event on the con
tinent of Europe pecnM&Tlr signal
ize these peace treaties. They are
far in advance of anything ever
undertaken In the way of arbitra
tion. In case of International disputes,
no matter what the cause, they
provide for Investigation and ar
bitration, and hostilities are not
to begin for one year m case ar
bitration fails.
These treaties were "urged by the
Washington government upon all
the nations that are now at war.
What if they had been in force
all over Europe when Austria sent
her ultimatum to Servia?
What if they had been in effect.
at the time Germany was nego
tiating with Russia? What if they
had been in authoritative effect
and binding on the honor of all the
nations prior to the diplomatic
moves that brought on the appall
lng clash at arms that is every day
massacreing thousands of human
beings, devastating the land and
drenching all Europe In blood?
Their critics have said that
Bryan's foreign policy and Wood-
row Wilson's foreign policy makes
"the United States the laughing
stock of Europe."
Is the foreign policy of the
United States the "laughing stock"
of the weeping mothers of Europe?
.The nation needs -tevery water
way it can get. It is unthinkable
that every project In the nation is
to be plunged into inaction, deteri
oration, loss and waste, and the
country be set back a whole -year
in Its program of waterway de
velopment, by an- Indefensible de
feat of the rivers and harbors bill.
Scientists use; some peculiar
terms of which the ordinary lay
man seldom hears or knows the
meaning. There are Ohms, kilo
watts and the like. The most re
cent one coined is, the "phot". Ac
cording to the Electrical World
this is the illumination produced
at one foot from a light source
having an intensity of 929 candle
power.
HOO'S H00
By John W. Carey.
PERTINENT COMMENT AND NEWS IN BRIEF
The geography of Europe was
never .before-studied so universally
as at present. It's an ill wind
that blows no good.
Letters From the People
(Comicftniratlana .n
PDbHcctlon in tola department should be writ-
cu n mj one eiae of tbe paper, aoould nl
exceed 800 word in length and must bi ac
companied by the name and add res of tbe
lender. If the writer doea not desire to
bare the name published, be should so state.)
"Discussion Is the greatest of an reformers-
It rationalises CTer;thing It touches. It
robs principles of aU false sanctity and
throws them back on their reasonableness. If
thej have no reasonableness, it ruthlessly
crushes them out of existence and sets up its
own conclusions in their stead." Wood row
Wilson. .
CAPITALIZE MOUSi'T HOOD
T
HE province of British Colum-
is spending millions of dol
lars opening up Strathcona
Park on Vancouver Island.
Good roads are lelng constructed
and provision is being made for
the great influx of tourists expect
ed next year. In the park are
said to be lakes and snow-capped
mountains - that surpass those of
Switzerland both in size and scenic
beauty.
The state of Washington, Is
building a highway through Sno
qualmie Pass over the Cascade
mountains at a cost of 2 00,000
as a tourist investment. Several
other hundred thousand, dollars
Chemical Whiskey.
Portland, Aug. 11. To the Editor of
The Journal Permit me to state a few
facts as to the actual working of pro
hibition: I saw a young man. who had
just returned from "dry" territory,
who was craay from prohibition whis
key, or liquor made of chemicals. Or
dinarily this man was satisfied with a
glass of beer drunk in a licensed sa
loon, but as beer, which has very little
alcohol in it, is forbidden, people re
sort to the stuff that kills. He spoke
of poolrooms in "dry" territory, where
Who's tagged in sportdom's hall of
fame "Some Curiosity: the one and
only magnatess In baseball history?"
Who owns and runs those Cardinals
(with Miller Huggins' aid) with such
success they help to lead the Na
tional parade?
Who sits in councils of the mags
"G." Herrmann on the throne and
with those Dryfuses et al la wont to
hold her own?
Who's barely five feet tall and yet
can tie the well known can with all
the art and potency of any six fbot
man?
Who yet may have a chance this
fall a pennant to unfurl above St.
Louis and Its bugs? That Mrs. Britton
girL
AM ALL CHANGE '
Denmark can thank hep tar that
armies can't march across a long, thin
peninsula and get t anywhere. -
- -
If Huerta had been running away
from war we should have to commis
erate him, but as he was only running
away with 110,000.000, well let it go
at that.
A scientist 'says that a Uar may be
told by his breathing, but the trouble
is that when moat of them are doing
their finest tying they don't breathe,
but blow, and blow hard.
a
It is Said that the latest aocletv
dance is an Importation from .China,
but China 1 so busy putting down
reDeuion .mai mere is no urn to prose
cute Americans for HbeL
An American artist has been honored
In Paris. However, an American artist
will not feel that he has reached the
fteicnta or fame until he has had a nio
ture slashed by a British suffragette.
. In the battle of Liege it Is reported
that one . Belgian soldier slew four
uermans. Contrast with this perform
ance ine service or one passenger in
the train wreck near Jopfln, Mo., who
eaveu tne uvea or nine persona.
a.
A Contemporary says: "The girls of
today are very unlike those of 60 years
ago. True, true. The sweet Alice who
wept With delight when Ron Unit nvn
her a smile and trembled with fear at
nis irown, is as extinct as the dodo.
A. Utile wnlla nen Mnt!itni ra
telling the powers they must pull King
William of Albania from the throne
and let them rule or thev would wipe
Duraszo off the earth. Wonder what
tnose Moslems think of their poor
puny nine irouDies Dy tnis time.
OREGON SIDELIGHTS ,
-' - .
i l 1 i- - TV. V.w TTlW
will take any kind of fruit, Vegetables, J
watermelons, muskmelons. clnteloupesl
chickens, hotter, eggs, or even i.ev
th n n or line reaim on luowriBumw.
Our-family! la large and we can use
any cart-or all oi any w ma w.
tv. r..iK tTto1'., weekly, re
cently founded at Cornelius, carries
the unique i announcement that in no
case will payment for mora .than six
montna tn aavance oe soutueu. -"""
for this arrangement la that 'manage
ment does not for the present insure
continuous publication."
"The Kansas Club of Coos County
t th official titla of the organlza
tn nf Kmnm r-.-pntl v formed at
Conuiilo with 78 charter members. Of
ficers are: H. W. Young, president: C.
A. Howard, vlc president, and Mrs.
W. J. Liongston, secretary-treasurer
A picnic will be held August 22.
The senseless hunter im thus shown
up bv the Harlan correspondent or the
Toledo Leader: -some people pa
through to Newport shot Messrs
Thompson and Overlander's pet deer
which was in their pasture grazing
with their cattle. This deer had come
to their place last winter and not being
molested became quite tame and was
an object of Interest to everyone."
Articles of Incorporation of "The
Country- Club of the City of Newport,
have been filed with the comoratlon
commissioner at Salem. The purpose
or the cluo is "to promote tne social
welfare and activity of its members; to
provide for the literary, educational
and benevolent advancement of New
port and the surrounding country; and
to conduct excursion trips or vacation
outings."
A HUGE AND EXECRABLE WAR
From the Springfield Republican.
The die Is cast, and the most stu
pendous war in human history has
begun. That is the appalling, the
snakes, maddogs and bubonlo rats be
cause God created them, and does He
pretend to believe that God created
booze joints?
Tin n-nn... t n iron t IS that
strong drink army realize that they j stupefying fact which the world faces
are defending a business which they i today. Germany's formal declaration
cannot follow? If they were to don
the white apron and take their places
behind the saloon bar the "cops" would
.r.,r" "f I",' -."" rr :""" . ; La Grande, and our town is very proa
uiancj waa sum, such as it was, ana i T; . .
. . - ' norn ua Tf wa war, tn rMnMA flAli or
the places where liquor is sold, would
where gambling prevailed. He said
men were far more depraved under
dry conditions than under the regu
lated license system. Minors cannot
enter a saloon, but they do enter pool
rooms in "dry" territory, and that's
where the evil results. Under the li
cense system, the liquor trade Is con
trolled and the taxpayers profit by the
license system, but under prohibition,
chemical whiskey Is cold in livery
bams, under bridges and in alleys and
freight sheds. The taxpayer loses and
business declines.
If Oregon would go "dry" moonshine
whiskey would be made on every other
ranch in Oregon, .and bootlegging
would prevail In the towns and cities.
Many arrests would therefore be made,
and the taxpayer would foot the bills.
Oregon Is in her Infancy so far as de-
of war cuts parley short, and there
Is reason to think that from the outset-
parley wa futile, that Germany
and Austria-Hungary had chosen their
time and were resolved to strike.
Thus it has happened that in barely
a week Europe has been swept from
a state of comparative calm into the
vortex of the most awful calamity oT
we lose half of our prosperity, and if ; moderB tlmes; the war came suddenly
run them In.
There are 10 saloons with license,
three saloons running full blast with
out licenses, and several blind pigs In
j-.v-l- ,- K nM I
we be Just that much more prosper- ecaU8? " was meant to come sud
oug? denly, because the dual league of Ger-
We have 94 more of these silly ques- many and Austria had perceived that
tions and If they only attracted the
readers' attention to the subject at
issue, civilization, education, honesty
and common sense will do the rest.
"UNCLE JARVE" EMIGH.
have already been put into a r0adlyei0Pmven,t 13 concerned. Besides, it
tva.a.co . v w cog u uu w jl zv iai ill ail
A PROMISE AND A WARNING
T
HERB is promise and a warn
ing in the advancing prices,
reported all over the United
States.
Yesterday in New York, meats
advanced four and five cents and
hats 15 per cent. Other advances
were, dress goods 10 per cent,
shirtings 25 per cent, tea 25 per
cent and cheese 20 per cent.
At Chicago beef cuts were 3 to
5 cents higher, and at St. Louis
there was an advance of 25 cents
In the price of flour. Meat went
up at Philadelphia 3 to 5 cents,
and Bhoes, toys and dyestuffs in
various cities were marked up.
There Is no surer omen that theH
trade is convinced that an abound
ing prosperity is at hand. There
Is no more certain proof that
those who have things to sell are
full of confidence that a great wave
of profitable business is to sweep
through the country. In such an
ticipation, the far-sighted captains
of trade and Industry are prepar
ing for a fieason of great activity,
by King and Pierce counties to
Mount Rainier. In addition to this
both counties have expended thou
sands of dollars in Improving the
roads around Seattle and Tacoma.
From these investments these two
communities are already drawing
big interest. Our neighbors to the
north seem to realize that scenery
is the greatest asset they have and
are capitalizing -it.
Portland also has scenery In
greater variety, but outside of con
structing the Columbia Highway
is doing nothing to make it pay
revenue. While the Columbia
Highway will be a great point of
interest for the traveling world it
Is not extensive enough to hold
the tourist trade in thestate long.
As soon as travelers have traversed
it they will hurry on to the north.
They could be held for some time,
however, if spots of natural beauty
within a short radius of Portland
were made accessible to them. One
of these spots is Mount Hood,
whose fame is world wide.
As a pure business proposition
Multnomah and Clackamas counties
could make no better investment
than in a road to this eternal peak
of snow. It should be a road
though of low grade and sweeping
curves and wide enough for the
passage of many automobiles, auto
busses and other vehicles without
the element of danger, a road
that can be traveled the year
round.
Oregon as it does in the east. There
fore, If you do away with the liquor
trade in Oregon substitute a chemical
whiskey and destroy the hop Industry,
Oregon will be retarded in her growth
for 60 years. Millions of acres of land
in Oregon are still wild, and will the
people destroy one of the principal in
dustries of the state where we have
so few Industries and so little under
cultivation? CHAS. H. KING.
"The Kaiser."
Portland, Aug. 11. To the Editor of
The Journal I want to say "thank
you" for the timely editorial of Fri
day, August 7, under the heading, "The
Kaiser." It is characteristic of your
excellent paper to he fair and without
prejudice. At a time when so many
people are inclined to Judge without
knowledge, it Is very sensible to bring
into the light the true character and
achievements of a man Ilk the Ger
man emperor. It seems to me the
average American is quite unable to
understand the position of this very
remarkable man. What an awful pic
ture is produced by the title "war
lord" in the mind of the man who doea
not know that this simply means "com
mander in chief." It would be more
true to call him "peace lord," for he
has kept and promoted peace for 25
years, while other nations have waged
wars. But
"Es kann der beste nlcht In Fxieden
leben,
Wenn es dera bosen Nachbar nlcht
gefallt.- G. HATNER,
NOTHING TO THE SENATE?
I
S IT nothing to the federal sen
ate that the people of every
section of the United States are
demanding the passage of the
rivers and harbors bill at this
session.
Is it nothing to the senate that,
with the exception of two small
projects, the United States en
gineers have approved every item
in the rivers and harbors bill? .
Do the senators who are ob
structing the passage of the meas
ure take the ground that they are
the only honest men and that the
United States engineers are un-
and in expectation of an over- j trustworthy, unreliable and parties
AMERICAN OPPORTUNITY
A'
LTHOUQII the effects of the
paralyBls of foreign commerce
will be felt temporarily to
- more or less degree In tho
United States,- the final outcome
' will he .one of the greatest, Indus
trial opportunities in our history.
- With the over-sea sources of supply
for many things cut off by war wo
face the necessity of manufacturing
them for ourselves,, as well us th?
opportunity of producing them for
. : .
whelming demand are marking up
prices.
This Is the promise In the situa
tion, but . there is also a warning.
Unquestionably, the unexampled
demand that is to come from all
over the world for "American prod
ucts and merchandise has awak
ened a frenzy of speculative adven
ture. The advance in the price of
maats reported simultaneously in
eo many cities is almost certain
token that tho beef trust Intends
to capitalize the war, and pocket
vast dividends by an advance of
prices all along the line. In other
great fields there Is strong proba-
tuiiy mat were win be endeavor
to take advantage of the war situ
ation to prey upon the American
people. .,
Yesterday, a resolution was In
troduced in Congress directing the
department of commerce to inves
tigate ..the sudden advance In prices.!
Such' au inquiry would be timely
action and the plan should be ag-
The War Newa.
Cheh&Ils, Wash., Aug. 8. To the
Editor of The Journal. In todays
Portland Telegram I have just read
a very interesting slap at your paper
under tha caption, "How War Was
Declared.'
Of course, the Telegram, not being
dependent on so fallible a source of
news as other newspapers through
out the world, 'will not possibly pub
lish any reports but those that will
ultimately be verified. It is too bad
that all newspapers are not so for
tunate. If toy any chance yon can dis
cover their system, of divining truth
from falsity In the flimsies, you will
confer a lasting favor on Journalism
by divulging the secret to the press
at large.
This Is Just a friendly tip so that
you may know hereafter where to
put your finger on news that la old
enough to have been thoroughly
authenticated. Decomposition asserts
Itself unquestionably.
CHANCE READER OF THE
"OTHER" PAfER.
to fraudulent projects?
Since the army engineers would
be without motive, without reward
and entirely beyond political ad
vantage in approving fraudulent
projects, why at the expense of
ttelr high reputation for ability
and skill, would they lend their
approval to a bad project?
L As a matter of fact, has it not
occurred to the 6enatc filibustered
that whenever1 it cones to an issue
of high purpose and integrity be
tween, army engineers and a certain
kind of holier-than-thou senators,
the people of the country, especial
ly in matters of engineering prob
lems, have just as great faith in
the engineers as In senate poli
ticians? -i
There Is more demagoguery to
day in, the fight; against the rivers
and harbors brrl than has been
seen in the national senate in half
a ., decade, 'There la more veneered
flapdoodle in the mock heroics of
A Valued Acknowledgment.
Portland, Aug. 12. To the Editor of
The Journal Accept the sincere thanks
of the Oregon Humane society for the
splendid article on our society and its 1
work for children and animals which I
appeared last Sunday in your valuable j
tyr, tire rewgiiiia me value ui in
forming the public of our work, thus
securing their cooperation and assist
ance. ,
Our board of trustees gladly give
their time and attention to this work
feeling that it is a worthy 'cause and
should have the largest support, and
we are sincerely grateful when you af
ford that work such a fine presenta
tion through your columns. ?
Trusting to have your valuable alJj
from time to time. I am cordial
yours, for the board. !
JAMES D. CORBY.
On the Temperance- Question.
Lorane, Or., Aug. 10. To the Editor
of The Journal The following article
appeared as an editorial in the Yeo
man Shield, published at Des Moines,
Iowa, August 1, 1914:
"Let us look at the question for a
moment. What Is the incentive behind
the traffic In strong drink? Is it ap
petite or Is It money? With the man
or woman who drinks to excess, it be
comes an appetite and a mania; and
while liquor Is made they will get it.
But no man ever engaged in the busi
ness, of making or selling the stuff be
cause he himself wanted it. He is In
the business for the money he can
make out of it Being in the business
he is not alow to make use of every
opportunity offered to extend his
trade.. To do this he must have vic
tims. To get victims he must enter
the homes of the people and take
therefrom the boys and girls, the men
and women, for he cannot remain in
business If the -supply is not kept con
stantly on the increase. But the in
centive which impels him to do so is
the incentive which inspires nearly all
the evil in tho world at the present
time. And if church or state are look
ing for a remedy for the sin and crime
in every community, large or small,
let them assist In so reorganizing in
dustry and purifying our government
as to leave no place in our national
economy for the money incentive to do
evil things. It is the profit in the
business which attracts men to the
aloon or liquor traffic, and while
there Is S cent "of profit In, a 10 cent
arm or wniskty the business will
still have Its attractions to unscrupu
lous men and women. Take away that
profit and the business will fail."
II. M. STORM.
Knowles and His Cigarette.
Portland, Or., Aug. 12. To the Edi
tor of The Journal Anent the "Nature
Man" and the publicity that has been
given him, there is one thing that
spells "fake" in capital letters, that
has not been commented upon. In
the pictures of Joe Knowles "before
Adam," he Is shown with a cigarette
fondly clasped in his strong, clever
fingers. Now, does anyone really be
lieve a cigarettlst left his coffin nails
with his clothes when he plunged
("plunged" has always been the word
used) into the "primitive man" state,
and, again, "plunged" into the woods?
Tobaccoless? No pills to puff? Not
even the makin's? . Never, if he
smoked 'em "before Adam." The first
sparks from his fire making rrfachine
lighted a coffin- nail for Know Joles,
the wonder man of the age. C. J. N.
Who Has an Older Doll?
St. Johns, Or., Aug. 10. To the Ed
itor of The Journal I have a doll
62 years old. It was bought at St.
Paul, Minn., during the Civil war and
was at that time the biggest doll-head
in that city. The head is china and
as large as tbe hea of a six or eight
months old baby. Who has an older
doll? MRS: J. A. HYDE. ,
' it O: H n An? r t-i mm t onfl that tVi a i-tno
chance for their imperial ambition lay
in attacking France and Russia off
their guard, and before Russia had
grown big and powerful enough .to
defy attack.
This is the hellish doctrine of the
"preventive" war, which even, Bis
marck, man of blood and iren, de
nounced, and the temptation to resort
to it has grown apace with the
growth of mighty armaments which
make the first blow almost decisive.
Modern conditions, while strengthen
ing the defensive with rapid fire
weapons, have at the same time enor
mously added to the advantages of a
swift advance upon an unprepared
foe, and if this theory of the origin
of war is correct, it is likely that Ger
many and Austria-Hungary have
quietly been making arrangements
which may give them a considerable
advantage. Morally it is defensible
only on the weak plea, which can
now never be put -to the proof, that
it was only a question of time when
Germany would have been attacked
if she had not attacked first. With
equal justification one might shoot an
enemy in the street for fear that he
might draw a weapon. To this ap
palling end has come the doctrine of
great armaments as an insurance
against war.
Servia had great advantages. It pu
Russia in a cleft stick. If Russia
knuckled down. Austrian predomin
ance In the southeast was secured a
a stroke, and the power and prestige
or the Slavs would be crippled ac
cordingly. If Russia acted, the onus
of beginning a great war might Pos
sibly be shifted to her, and England
which would probably strike if France
were attacked, might show less zeal
In coming to the defense of Russia.
Moreover, Italy, which has but a de
fensive relation to the alliance, might
be held if Russia declared war.
IN EARLIER DAYS
lij Fred Lockley.
It was the suspicion of this attitude
on Germany's part, a suspicion which
one thing after another has strength
ened almost to certainty, which
caused such an extraordinary panic
from the very outset. Austria's per
emptory ultimatum to Servia, framed
as though to force instant war, was
intelligible only on the supposition
that Germany stood behind it, and
was ready to take care of Russia,
even if all Europe should' be Involved.
This collusion became all but certain
when Germany refused to lend coun
tenance to mediation or to efforts at
restricting the area of the war. It
only remained to be seen whether
Germany would show the same swift
and peremptory action as had been
taken by Austria, and yesterday came
the fatal answer. Teuton has thrown
the gage of battle to Slav; after a
long rest during which flowers have
grown over the crater, the volcano
which men had thought well-nigh
dead has awakened to hideous life.
If this Is the true origin of the war,
the first blow was struck with Ma
chiavellian cuniiing. Consider that in
any war with Russia the German
would have to reckon with France
and the Austrlans with Servia both
with efficient and quickly available
armies. If possible both France and
Servia should be given a sharp de
feat at the outset, to enable the dual
alliances to turn with as large force
as possible upon the huge and slower
armies of Russia. From a military
point of view, it would have been
best of all to strike France without
warning, but politically the attack on
If these were the calculations they
have miscarried at both points. Italy
has truthfully declared this to be
war of aggression and has declined
to be bound to give aid. And th
prompt action of England ' scarcely
leaves room for doubt as to her attl
tude. Under these conditions it wa
quite as well to drop the mask, an
Germany dropped It yesterday with
her declaration of war upon Russia
Thus inexorably unrolls the fatal col
which has been preparing in- the dark
backward and abyss of time. Russia
is bound by almost feudal obligation
to aid Servia, ruthlessly attacked by
Austria. Germany Is bound by it
alliance to aid Austria. France 1
bound to help Russia, England can
not allow France to be crushed. Thu
boils hell's caldron. Italy la outsld
for the moment, but that she can keep
cut la uncertain, and so with Rou
mania and the other Balkan states,
with Scandinavia, and with little Hol
land and Belgium.
No such violent and far reaching
explosion ever before rent this un
happy war scarred planet, and It is
absolutely Impossible to foresee its
consequences. Forces have been let
loose which may tear all Europe to
quivering fragments and alter the
maps of the entire world. Whether
the war will be long or short nobody
can say, for success on one side at
one place may be offset by defeat at
another far distant. There may be a
swift triumph or a butchery stalmate,
ending only with universal prostra
tion and threatened bankruptcy. All
that we can be sure of Is that who
ever wins and whoever loses, civiliza
tion in Europe will suffer a frightful
and irreparable disaster.
The worst horror of warfare may
be spared; there will be no such orpien
of cruelty and massacre as marked
the last great race wars between Teu
ton and Slav in northern Europe, and
which have had their late parallel- in
the Balkans. This will be "civilized"
warfare, but there is no civilizing
hell, and science has given to warfare
new terrors which will now for the
first time be exploited to the full. The
skies will be darkened with fleets of
airships, the seas will be sown with
torpedoes, and their depths plowed by
submarine monsters. Europe will
shake under the tread of 20,000,000
armed men, and probably at least
6,000,000 of them will be butchering
each other even in a brief war. On
such a scale war is monstrous. In
credible, horrible beyond the imagi
nation of man to conceive, and this
is the hideous nightmare which has
come upon the world in the space of a
bare week.
For America to have anything but
execration for the war and those who
brought it on, is impossible. It is no
war for liberty, no struggle for a great
principle, "but a sordid rivalry for
power. It is the hugest and one of
the most wicked of wars; let us hope
that its very enormity may make war
fare henceforth impossible, that out of
the wreckage will -rise the voice of th
people demanding disarmament and
peace. '
The Ragtime. Muss
AMERICAN PROSPERITY NOT TO BE CHECKED
Ballade of Hay Fever.'
When summer heats have filled the
breezes , v
With pollea of the goldcnrod
And dusty vales and sunbaked mesas
Are ruled by its imperious nod.
Then leap from many a bursting pod
Quaint imps that lead us by our noses
While sportively they pinch and
Drod.
Till fTost the foolish chapter closes.
No magic now my spirit eases.
My heart is simply sorrow's hod
The breaths I draw are husky wheezes.
I long to lie beneath the sod
As through the weary days I plod-
For me in night hours no repose is,
My nightmares ar with slumber
shod
Till frost the foolish chapter closes
Abhorrent is each imp that teases.
It surely ought to be in quod;
Tet as the skipper to tbe cneeae is
ur as me erven to tne oaa
Questions.
La Grande, Or., Aug. 10. To tha
Editor of The Journal If Ella M. Fin
ney were raising poppies Instead of
hops, would she put up the same fight
for opium that she does now for booze?
A B Tliith cIb.b9!I lntA-rliatln 11.
ouor as a luxury. Are not mornmW'..1 rief to me, oor human clod!
. 7 ; i An. more man anyone supposes
and cocaine luxuries in the same iVe suffered with eacF step Tve
sense, and could he not use the same trod
argument In defense of both? (Till frost the foolish chapter closes.
Mr. Linscott says, "When you find a
prosperous, thriving city, full .of com-t ' , L E9Ii. ...
mercial activity, you will find ta it Hr, fef iJlfi,
firvthin? that ruu ratil'- Tvi 1 9 hat vouwere I meek as Moses,
By John M. Oskison
If we could fofget that the black
cloud of war hang's over Europe, we
Americans would be- talking about the
big crops which are beginning to be
harvested and wondering Just when
I they would have their effect in turn
i lng the tide of business dullness.
If we could Ignore the complications
which arise when the great powers of
Europe begin to blare and strike, we
would study our exports, our coal. Iron,
copper and gold production. We should
give attention to our bank clearings ta
tell us how. actively credit was used
lately. We should study Ahe railroad
earnings and the building operations
throughout the country.
Were we able to reduce ourselves
suddenly to a normal temperature fi
nancially, we should not be very great
ly alarmed at the closing of our stock
exchanges. We should probably not
talk very much, either, abouj having
our great wheat crop left orr our hands
for want of ships to transport it to
Europe.
While It is perfectly true that prac
tically all of our exports go from us in
hips owned abroad the vast bulk of
them going in German . and English
vessels it is equally true that in a
time of crisis such as exists In Europe
the necessity for keeping up the flow
of grain to feed the mobilised armies
is everywhere realized.
So far as our prosperity Is to be af
fected by our exceptional crops, there
fore, it aeema to be on the cards that
this European quarrel will" hasten rath
er than delay it.
the senators opposing -UieilL than defraud protea ak from
her producing population a million and
a quarter men, there's going to be an
increased demand for a good many ar
ticles steel and farming machinery,
for example to be sent into that
country. Nations must eat and live in
houses and have things to wear, even
in tne most acute situations.
It is said that German soldiers when
mobilized on her threatened frontier
win number 90000 men, and that
France will have 700,000 extra units
to reinforce her garrisons on her own
frontiers. What England and her col
onies will have may be guessed when
you know that Europe looks to Eng
land to exert the deciding force in an
embroilment.
Whether or not it's to be a terrible
general war Involving the big European
powers, this much is true: As a re
sult of what has been done already,
the demand for supplies of money and
of foodstuffs, of cotton and wool and
their products, of steel and copper is
likely to be increased. We in America
north and south will share with
other producing and manufacturing
countries in the task of supplying
those demands.
And if additional demand does not
mean better prices and a greater ac
tivity among our people, the laws of
economics have mysteriously ceased to
operate. s
Some of the European workers on
whom we have depended to man our
factories, dig our ditches, and- (to a
lesser extent) work our farms will be
celled home If the war becomes sari- !
ous. . But for the American working-!
man this won't be bad news. It will i
help toward taialn .wages,, and- o
Recently I met an ol.1 ramlrvmnn
who had served under Custer. Before
coming to the United Stales li had
ervea in tne uerman army. When he
came here he went west. After work-
ins as a ranih htnH tr.r ..v.u. w.
became a cowboy. In the early seven- ; ,
ics ne ennaiea at his old trade sol- :
airy and was sent to the Seventh
cavalry. He served out his
being discharged about a year before
the Custer massacre. He told in
something of Custer's gallantry, cour
age and gentleness and of the love in
which he Waa hM hv hl mn
General George Armstrong Custer
Xtm a I DLL , . 1 - . . n
He wus the son of a blacksmith. Em
manuel H. Custer, whose grandfather
was a 'He.osian Boldier Kent over to
help King George subdue the colonists.
The Hessian Boldier, the founder of
the Custer family in America, spelled
his name Kuster. When BurKyne
surrendered the Hessian troops were
paroled. This particular Hessian was
captured by more than Burgoyne. He
surrendered to a black eyed, red-
cheeked daughter of one of the Ameri
can patriots and cast Ills lot with the
Americans.
The very term Hessian has become a
term of reproach and yet perhaps .the
176,000 Germans who served in the
Union army and who offered their
lives In the defense of the country of
their adoption have helped to wash out
the stain made by the poor, helpless.
Impressed Hessians who were driven
by the cupidity of their royal masters
to the highest market and whose serv
ices would have been Bold to the col
onists if they could have paid the
price.
The "perfidious Hessians" loom
large in history, but we sometimes
forget that it was General Frederick
Wilhelm F. von Steuben, an aide to
Frederick the Great during the "Seven
Years war," who brought order out of
chaos and reorganized and drilled our
Revolutionary army. We forget that
General Kalb, another veteran of the
Seven Years war, served gallantly
under George Washington and gave all
a soldier can give his llfe at thu
battle of Camden.
Gerhard von der Wieden, as lieuten
ant .colonel of the First Virginia and
later as brigadier general, rendered
valuable service against the Hessians
At Brandy wine, Germantown and York
town. Helnrlch Lutterloh, Johann Schott
and scores of other German officers
fought side by eiile with Lafayette
and the French officers to aid tho
colonists in their fiKht for freedom.
Ho trusted were the Germans that
General George Washington appointed
Major von Heer, who had served as a
lieutenant f cavalry under Frederick
the Great In the "Seven Years' war," '
as the commander of his bodyguard.
In this bodyguard, consisting of 14 of
ficers and 68 patriots, most of them
were Germans selected by the 1'rusi
8lan commander for their fidelity and
courage.
As a matter of actual fact there
were more Uermans from Pennsylvania
and Maryland and the other colonies
fighting against King George of Eng
land than there were Hessians fighting
for him. ,
The principal Income of some of the
petty German and Austrian monarchs
in those days came from hiring out
their troops to other countries. There
were over 300 sovereignities Irf Ger
many during our Revolutionary war.
ll'eas nciv luieu u uukcb, yi ultra,
margraves, landgraves and bishops. To
add to the confusion there were over
1400 estates of imperial knights who
exercised many of the rights of sover
eignty. Each of these had its court
and army. The landgraves or rulers
hired their men to the Venltians, to
the English and to anyone who wanted
them. In 1743 6000 Hessians were
rented to George II to fight in the
English army against 6000 of their fel
low countrymen who had been hired
to Emperor Charles VII. Frederick II.
the 'landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, was a
Catholic, though his people were Prot
estants. .His wife was the daughter of
George II of England. She left him,
going to Hanau. Frederick was the
father of over 100 children. William,
the eldest legitimate son of Frederick,
lived with hid mother at Hanau and
like his royal father had a large num
ber of favorites. He taxed his subjects
for the support of 74 of his illegitimate
children; the revenue for their support
coming from the tax on salt. Theae
monarchs and others of their kind kept
up expensive establishments and to
provide funds for their maintenance
they hired out their troop to conten
tious neighbors. Frederick the Oreat
was unable to stop the practice of
"wasting German blood in quarrels
with which Germany waa not con
cerned." The men were Impressed and had the
choice of going or of being flogged and
then ahot Having no choica. they went
where they were sent.
A total of 29,867 Germans was sent
to America to fight the colonists. Sev
enteen thousand, three hundred and
thirteen wtr returned. Approximately
1100 were killed in battle or died of
wounds; 6354 died of typhoid and other
diseases and something over 6000 de
serted to become citizens of this coun
try. England paid to their masters
$25 for each German killed in action v
and $12 for each man wounded. Eng
land paid $60,000 a year to the Duke
of Brunswick for the hire of his troops
and $55,000 a year to the landgrave of
Hesse-Cassel for his men.
The men who received the money for
the use of their troops were the Duke
of Brunswick, the Landgrave of Hesse,
the Count of Hesse-Hanau, the Mar
rrave of Anrach-Bayreuth, the Prince
of Anhalt-Zerbst and the Princ of.
Waldeck. Brunswick sent 6723, Hesse
Cassel sent 1692, Hesae-Hanau sent
2422, Anspach-Bayreuth sent JJ62,
Waldeck sent 122S and Anhalt-Zerbat
ent 1162.
The thrifty and Industrious Pennsyl
vania Dutch- farmers are to a large ex
tent the descendants of the 6000 or .
more Hessian soldiers who failed to re
turn to the old country after the Revo
lutionary war.
spread whatever prosperity comes
among more people.
If any check is felt. It will be only
temporary; the United States is very
remotely concerned except aa a feeder;
and we shall be glad to feed to th
limit of our resources.
The Sunday Journal
Th Grqat Home Kewtpapar
consists of .
Five news sections replete wlttt
Illustrated feature.
Illustrated magazine of quality. -Woman's
section of rare merit
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