THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND. SUNDAY MORNING. JULY 19. 1914.
nnnn nnmn lifrnmi I
GREATER EFFICIENCY
UUUU vimin
NINE YEARS SHOW A
250 PER CENT GAIN
Department of Agriculture
Says That i $206,000,000
Was Spent Last Year. . ,
STATE AID - IS VALUABLE
GRADES FIGURE MATERIALLY IN DETERMINING THE COST OF -
TRANSPORTATION ON BOTH HIGHWAY AND RAILROAD
MAG HI NE EQU I PPED WITH CAR WH EELS -NOT
ALONE NOVELTY BUT ECONOMICAL
Y
FEATURE. 1915 CARS
Prices Will Be About Same
but Buyers, Will Get More
Next Year for Their Money
AND MOTOR
E
NOM
Vet Scsasuvsajvr tli Tigtu Aloaa,
, tmi It ItinnUUi Counties
4 ToVasMps.
'Approximately $206,000,000 , waa
spent last year on public roads In the
United Btates, according to statistic
prepared by the United States depart,
mtnt of agriculture. Ia 1904 the total
wi only 179,000,000. ' f.n nlna years,
therefore, the increase has been over
260 per cent. '
This awakening- on the part of . the
country to the Importance of food
roads -has, experts say, been due In
great measure to the principle of state
aid to counties and other local com
tnunltUs. New Jeraey began the move
msnt In 1891, when it passed its state
highway law. - Massachusetts and Ver
mont followed a year later, but for the
most part the other states were slow
to move. In 1904 only fifteen had state
highway departments; today here are
only six that have not. In 1913 the
individual states appropriated a total
of $31,765.1)88 to supplement local ex
penditures. Value of State Aid.
Ths value of this state aid is, how
ever, not to be measured by the figures
alone, for the bulk of the money comes,
and always must come, from the coun
ties and townships. 'Thus, in 1912, the
cash outlay by counties, districts and
townships, was $187,493,986. Complete
figures -for 191J are not yet available,
but It is safe to estimate the sum a
approximately $161,000,000. To this
must be added some $16,000,000 to rep
resent the value of the labor contrib
uted instead of cash in districts where
this practice prevails.
Last year, therefore, local communi.
ties contributed, in round numbers,
$116,000,000, as against appropriations
from state treasuries of $38,766,088.
The true importance of this $88,000,004
lies In the fact that it means, expert
supervision of ths expenditure of a con
siderable portion of the vast sum of
$200,000,000. When each county built
at it chose and when it chose, the
services of trained engineers were usu
ally out of the question. There was
llttls opportunity to test innovations,
little advance la the science of road
building, and there was also difficulty
In arousing each county individually to
do its beat to Improve conditions with
in its own limits.
State aid haa changed all this. Ths
best engineering skill' Is available fot
all works of Importance, there is co
operation and a constant stimulus to
further improvements. The money con
tributed by the states not only builds
more roads, but it makes better those
that other money builds.
America's Improved Xoads. ,
At the present time there are in the
Ignited States 20,741 miles of roads Im
proved either wholly or in part by state
aid. This Is nearly the mileage of the
l'Vetich mules nationales, . the system
o ' . national highways . which is
i lie i.,.., f every civilized nation. The
rouU.: .iwitonales are, of course, only'
a ttmmt inn ui me vumt juticage at
Mnct where practically every road
of any Importanc Is an improvd road,
a-tid t rance is a vastly smaller country,
buiU in area and in population than
the United States,, so thi-t this com
parison Is not, in itself, very flatter
ing to our progressiveness. It shows,
liovVuver, that we have at least made
u beginning. Of the 2,226,842 miles of
loads In the United States, 223.774
tulicM, or approximately 10 per cent, are
classed as improved.
To improve ' the remaining 90 per
cent may . seem big Job. It Is, in
iaut.: only made ' possible because the
work really pays for itself. From ma
terial gathered by the department "of
agriculture, it is now possible to prove
not only that good roads are a proflta-'
ble Investment, but to determine ex
actly what dividends they pay. .
Those returns are of various kinds.
First and foremost Is the reduction in
the actual cost of hauling, the plain
fact, that it takes less time and labor
to haul a load over a good road than
over a poor one. Less obvious Is the
effect of .improved roads, in Increasing
the total output of a community. In
the case of one county in Virginia
where particularly thorough' records
have been kept, this output was more
than doubled. The farmers found that
with a market always and readily ac
cessible to them, it paid to work the
land to Its maximum production.
This explains the very remrkable
rise In farmland values which nearly
always accompanies road Improvement.
The rise is not a fictitious one. or of
no benefit to the. man who wishes to
farm and not o sell. The land. Is mors
valuable because It can profitably be
mad to produce more. In other words,
the money , that . goes Into the road
comes back ' with ' Interest from , the
land,- ; '',
i . '
' Xosler and Mayerdale Xoad.
The work on' the county road be
tween Mosier and Mayerdale is pro
gressing in fine shape, though It Is a
much bigger undertaking than the pro
moters anticipated, says ' the Mosier
Bulletin. - One thing is certain when
finished It will b the smoothest
and best built country road- in eastern
Oregon, and ths finest link In the Co--
lumbia highway connecting eastern and
western Oregon.
The roadway is 84 feet wide, with a
graveled roadbed of Is feet. An auto
truck from Portktnd is hauling, about
80 yards ox grsvel per, day from the
rock crusher west of town. Ths first
layer of a ravel about six inches thick-
is being rolled by the 10-ton . roller
owned Jointly by' the county and Dalles
City. A second layer of the same thick-
iipss will be . put on. rolled and then
oiled. ' The grade will not exceed two
Vtr cent., .i-5-,v--' r'"'yiV- f -'V,'
Petition for Boll Run Road.
A petition Is being circulated by W.
K. W mans of Hood River county re
questing the water board of Tortland
to withdraw !ta.-Kpoition .( the op
ening of a wagon road over Lolo Pass
through the Bull Run .water reserve.
' "We have approximately 160 'signa
tures now'- said Mr. Wlnans yester
day "but we will keep the petition in
circulation for fifteen days more."
The objection of the water" board to
the road is based on the fear that the
ster supply of Portland, will become
polluted from ' travel through the re
serve. As projected the road win pass
. f crOB" wo streams from which may
-" be taken In the near future an added
supply of water, for the city. .:
i " ' is- ;- .- t
I U "If
..... 1 ,..r ' 0- .
' IIOHi
'mMy. . ' F "- w.- n.,t N..,co. tuk vm vL.rn.vmJ2 " " l-s-LV---!' . ..
. .-. '' . " " ..... : '.
HI , ' m
. r ' .' .
Top Drawing which Illustrates the horsepower required to haul ! the same load on different grades
and the relative costs of hauling. J
Bottom Drawings which, show the several elevations and grades by which the several railroads reacfr-
Pacific Northwest terminals. The water grade hauls of the Spokane, Portland & Seattle and the
lOregon-Washlngton Railroad & Navigation company's railroads which come into Portland directly
front the interior show. In marked contrast to the mountain elevations which the Great Northern.'
Northern- Pacific and Milwarfkee ' traverse in reaching Puget Sound terminals.
One of the strongest arguments In
favor of good roads is the. fact that
the cost of transportation Increases
proportionately with the increase in
grade. For example! as is shown by
the top chart, on level ground one
hot3e will draw a load at a cost of 60
cents that requires two horses to draw
up a 2 per cent grade at a cost of 75
ents. ' - . o '
On a 4 per cent's grade It requires
three horses to draw the load at a cost
of $1. -i "j. - v. ,
On a per cent grade it takes four
horses at a cost of $1.60, and on a 10
per cent grade it requires slx horses ct
a cost of $2. ' '
On a 16 per cent grade the cost is
$2.60, and nine horses are required to
to the work that one does on tne levet.
Relative cost conditions obtain in
represented that the wagon , road line
Is entirely within the drainage basin
of the Sandy River and Hood River
and does not touch the water shed of
the Bull Run River. . It is further
urged that th road is a commercial
necessity to enawe tne resiuenuj ui
Hood River valley and Eastern Oregon
to reach Portland and the Willamette
valley and is the only practicable route
south of the Columbia River. . .
CHICAGO-NEW YORK :
RUN IN RECORD TIME
One thousand and fifty miles in 41
hours of elapsed" time Is the record
made by E. C-. Patterson, vice presi
dent ; and general manager of P F.
Collier & Son, the -publishers, : In a
non-stop run from Chicago to the
heart of New York City.
The motor was sealed when the Pat
terson seven-passenger Packard left
the Windy City under .the eyes of of-?
ficlals .of the Chicago Automobile club.
Twe observers, were appointed, by the
club to accompany the car,' and their
report will show that the motor was
not - stopped until after arriving in
NeW York. Nor did it undergo the
slightest adjustment, ; the seals being,
unbroken at the end of the run. .
As the run was made wider the aus
pices" of the Chicago; Automobile club,
lr is understood the record will stand
as official. :
The Patterson car carried four pas
sengers, i Mr. Patterson, Ed Imms of
Detroit, the relief driver, and the ob
servers, iJ. E. Williams . and William
Gollan. Relays of pilots were recruit
ed froni cities along the route. ,Tae
passengers ate their meals In the car
and took what little sleep they could
get on the road. ' .
v The distance, according to ths offi
cial route book, is 10S3-mlles but th
speedometer indicated 1050 miles. Mr
Patterson made the trip in a car which
he has driven, for more: than a year. ;
m i -
Thomas ' E.v ' Hodges, ? president of
West - Virginia university, has been
nominated ff or - congressman at large
regard to railroad grades. The bottom
chart shows the grades trsrversed by
the 'several railroads in reaching- the
Pacific northwest terminals from the
Interior. - -
From Spokane to Portland ths
grades of the S., P. & S. and O.-W. R.
& N. companies are down hill all the
way, practically. . . ;
2Frorh Spokane to Puget sound the
Great Northern reaches an elevation
of 3375 feet above the sea. and the
Northern Pacific an elevation of 2746
feet. The Chicago,. Milwaukee & Puget
Sound between Tekoa and Tacoma
climbs a' mountain 3010, feet high, v
In building railroads great sunn of
money are spent to secure the low
est possible grade. The Canadian Pa
cific is spending $10,000,000 cutting
a tunnel through the Selklrks to over
MACHIN
E IS ADAPTED
TO USE
ON THE PACIFIC COAST
.. ii ii in iii H .-
Best of European Ideas Are
Applied to American Needs
in Well Known Can
Frank C. Riggs, - president of the
Frank C. Riggs company, has returned
from the east ' with; an important an
nouncement of the addition of the
Jeffery car to the Packard and Detroit
Electric heretofore .handled by - the
company.
"I have been watching-. the develop
ment new ideas by this conservative
manufacturer in the past several
years,"; said Mr. Riggs. "I vhave al
ways been interested "in ' the Jeffery
product, having owned three. iftheir
different cars, which I drove some
30.000 miles in the early days of the
Industry when I lived la Chicago and
Was vice president-of the Fisk Rubber
company.
?; TA Iew years ago Louis Bill, who
was a coast man and who had yeara of
experience.; with the Jeffery product
in San Francisco, was made, general
manager of the Jeffery factory and
the 1916 Jeffery is the Tesult of his
effort to take : the best .ideas of Eu
ropean experience and. adapt them te
our American needs.
"What I like particularly is that Mr.
Bill has not forgotten bis experience
on the Pacific coast and I think Z can
safely . say that the 1915 Jeffery is
the first moderate priced ear that haw
been designed with a view ot making
It particularly adaptable to, our Pa
cific coast conditions. , Jtt . .... ''
-"No attempt has v beea ' made to
cheapen this car to meet, a rlce con
dition. Quality and excellence have
been, the only consideration in its de
sign, construction and manufacturing.
It Is strictly a quality "car and Is not
PARTICULARLY
s5
ItSM
come an elevation of less than fcuO
feet. Almost the entire IU14 of the
Union Pacific from Ogden to Omaha
millions were spent by Harrlman in
straightening out curves and overcom
ing grades. The O.-W. R. & N. com
pany has also spent millions in taking
out curves and reducing grades along
the Columbia river In order that freight
may be hauled at less cost.
When it comes, to making freight
rates to Portland and Astoria, though,
this great primary law of transporta
tion is disregarded and the rates are
measured by . cost of a haul over a
range of mountains.
. In the face of all this the railroad
experts say that the rates to Portland
and Puget sound points should be the
same and that Astoria is not entitled
to a common point terminal rate.
looking for a price or a proposition,
but rather for those who want a car
to Use, for the comfort of it, its lux
ury, and who take pride In the ap
pearance of their car.
"The T B. Jef f ery company is one of
the oldest and one of the strongest fi
nancially. It will be doing business
when the proposition' cars will be in
the scrap heap and the maker of them
forgotten. It the purchasing public
knew as much about some of the ntan
ufacturers of. bargain cars as they
should, they would hesitate before
throwing away their money. :
"There are - enough good, reliable
manufacturers, so a purchaser may
have plenty to choose from if be eon
fines himself to such. - The man whv
thinks he can beat the game and that
he knows more about, the automobile
business than some sharp dealer whe
is working off old goods as a 'good
proposition had better sra to tnufinir
horses or something that he is more
laminar with. ;
"Reliability of. th ' ma.nufae.ruM-
and of the dealer are Important to the
purcnaser, only . how important does
he reallxe after he needs some help
from them," that is not forthcoming.
Owner Laments His
Trials and Troubles
e (With apologies to the Twenty-
third Psalm.)
e The R. C. is my auto; I shall
e a - not want,- '
'It maketh me to He down un- '
e ; der it in muddy roads;
e It leadeth me into much trou-
- . ble; .it draweth on my
e purse. -
I go into the paths of deb? for -
its! .stake.
Yea, . though" I understand my
. . R. . H. perfectly, I fear
e i much evil; j
e
or cne raaius rods or axle
v might break. " s L;
It has a blowout In the pres.
ence of mine enemies,
I anoint the tire with a patch;
Tho radiator bolletb over.-' 4
Surely, this thing will not fol-
low me all the days of
my life -
Or X shall dwell in the house of
- x poverty forever. - -s
e e e e e e e e e e
'
'
e
: A number of the automobile manu
facturers have chosen to announce
their product for 1915 jL faw nt ts.
Portland -dealers have given out what 1
they have to offer the public for the I
""n year, w.niie others not yet yet
ready to announce officially, have al-1
lowed the Information to become pub-!
11c through the trade magazines, and
one can get something Ilk a forecast
of what is coming for the new season.
fK 5Sr i""' " toittd that
JJL 1 1 email, car year. V v
- The Umlt of bigness seems to have
bsen reached, referring to carrying ca
pacity and length as well as to motor
POWer , In thl respect there is a
noticeable tendency toward a larger
number of cars which ar,. easily sold
In. Place of small number of high
V.lcle8' WJlIch are h .
ana which, on. account of the cost of
running, are difficult to keep sold,
even among ths most wealthy.
: - Bmall Bore Xotors Popular.
For another fact, greater efficiency
In motor building is giving greater
output per unit volume of cylinder
so tnat it Is possible today to get as
much power as is needed from smaller
slsed cylinders. For instance, there
are motors built today with a 3 -Inch
bore which have a greater power out
put than engines of three rn,.
years ago which had 4 and 4 -inch
bores, ." -. i' .
. Moreover, the'nublic h h,
cated up to the small bore motor so
iov me tenaency for 1916 seems to
be toward fours of 6-inch bore or less
and sixes with 8 -inch bore or less.
For the man who is looking for low
ered prices, in general there will be
more for the money, although actual
prices are not down much if any. Thus
whereas this year $1500 would buy a
pretty fair sized and well built four,
In 115, it appears that this amount
of money will purchase an equally
good small six. In this rescect. th
entrance of several of the makers of
very high priced vehicles into the
smaller car class Is going to bring
swum 11 ganeriu raising 01 quality In
what is generally called the medium
priced field. .
Conveniences Xore Numerous.
conveniences will bo greater in
iiuwuer ana aesiraDlllty; tnlS goes
without saying. Cars will be better
looking, run easier, operate for less
money, be better built and last longer,
and In a number of other ways will be
more desirable. , Moreover, simplicity
or rorm is gaming rapidly and acces
sibility with equal or greater rapidity.
Tbese latter, with the more general
dissemination of motor knowledge,
mane tne operation of cars easier to
understand and, consequently, make
their possession more desirable to the
mechanically unskilled Vho do not de
sire much skill along these lines, and
In this way widen the field of possible
purchasers.
In the way of details, it Is early
to state anything definite but it is cer
tain that left hand drive is gaining
very rapidly, as is also central location
of control levers. The same can be said
of wire wheels of the quick detach
able type. Side lamps are going out
of use rapidly, being replaced by dou
ble bulb headlights or the single bulb
form with a suitable dimmer. Indi
vidual seats will doubtless be' a big
feature for 1916, while in the larger
bodies with capacity for five, six and
seven persons, there will be a consid
erable number built with but two
doors, an aisle between the front seats
allowing of free passage.
Enclosed. Body Gains Popularity.
The enclosed body is a -steady gainer,
more of these being used in the sum
mer season than ever before, which la
HUDSON Six-40 for 1915
i With 31 New Features
lew Price 550 F.- B. Detroit
Your Model Car
At an Unexpected Price '
a
The 1915 Gem
'The HUDSON. Six-40 for 1915 offers 32 surprises.
Last year it seemed that no car .could be better. And it
seemed that quality cars could never sell lower. - '
But the HUDSON engineers headed by Howard E.
Coffin have brought out 31 new features. ' And a trebled
output due ; to overwhelming demand will reduce the
.price $200. . . , . - ;y' '".V,"; - ' .
:This light Six is. lighter than ever. , ;
;". It is handsomer better-equipped. Just think 48 engi
neers, for one wnole year, have worked exclusively on re
finements:' Yet the price which was never approached
in a quality car has been lowered by $200. '. . . .
' .You will find in this new-model the jewel car of the
year the final ideal in a Six, You will find many attrac-!
tions shown in no other car. And ; a price which no. one
considered possible until Hudson made it possible' - . ' ,
- e. l. boss:-1go11
i
615-617 Washington Street.;
r , - - .x
t v ' - f ' 'IV r v - t
,. ""f 47. : : f V-s
' Mitchell car
When a great railway system like
the Canadian Pacific turns to an eco
nomic novelty such as marks the dally
operation of its service between Win
nipeg and j Trauscona, , Manitoba, the
operative experts of . two continents
make haste to request the C. P. R. to
forward facts and figures.
The unique' distinction of being a
"regular locomotive" in ths C- P. , R.
service has' fallen to a 19fl Mitchell
automobile; Frank Btuart and other
men utilised from time to 'time- by
the C P, R. as pilots of the trans
formed automobile from the shops of
the Mitchell-Lewis Motor company, at
Racine, Wis., enjoy the unprecedented
reputation of being the "Only knights
of the gasoline car throttle who are
rated and paid as regular members of
the Brotherhood of Locomotive engin
eers, the organisation of knights of
the steam .throttle."
And all of this is due to the wis
dom of some genius in the operative
department of . the big railway, who
figured that a train scheduled for high
speeds and frequent trips to Trans
cona, to carry employes, would cost a
considerable sum, involving the al
most constant use of a locomotive, with
its crew of two to say nothing about
the roundhouse workmen, "hostlers"
for handling the engine- in the yard,
etc and the cost of (the passenger car
maintenance, the salary of a brake
man or two and the further expense
but an Indication of the fat that the
all-year car haa arrived, and that It
is of the enclosed or mostly enclosed
form. The quickly convertible form
Is gaining much ground also.
For . ths man who has llttls money
to spend, either for the car itself or
Its operation, the light car, small car
and cydecar have reached a poim
where It Is safe to recommend their
purchase. Covering the field as these
do from Just below the highest motor
cycle prices, say $226. up to Just a lit
tle above the lowest real automobile
prices, say up to $600, these three new
types offer a wide field of choice for
the man of small means.
All in all, ths outlook for the owner
considering the purchase of a car for
1916 is better than ever before, al
though as stated previously, actual
prices, ear for car. are not much lower.
Portland, Ore.
I Wssc
.4?
in use dally between "Winnipeg and
of heating and lighting - the regular
train.' . ;'." ; '.";''
T&V company, was aided In solving
the problem of 'giving' employes good
service at a minimum, of cost by Mc-Rae-
& Griffith, Winnipeg represents
tlves of the Mitchell' company, wfio
tendered the use of a 1011 Mitchell
car. This machine was provided with
a roomy body containing enough seats
to accommodate as .many employes as
would have -to be hauled at one time,
and the chassis was fitted with regu
lar paasengpr car wheels for running
on the rails.-. x. v.-
- This C. P. R, special runs on a regu
lar schedule, being continuously under
the direction, of the train dispatcher,
the . conductor-engineer-fireman, a
"trlnty that cuts down the expense." Is
the only chauffeur In the Dominion
Oaldand 36 Demonstrator
This car-electric lighted, electric self-starting and
carrying regular guarantee. -
We put three of these new models in service. -to
introduce them, but now need only one as demon-
strator. Will sell other two at greatly reduced :
figure. v . '. .; , .'...;. ' ' ' r,,, ; ..
A rare opportunity to buy the latest model at a
reduced price.
Gerlinger Motor Car Company
68S-692 WASHINGTON ST.
Marshall 1915 " A-1917
EsTEN,OLICS
W We hav a few Ford Shock Aborber
-
QUESTION: WHAT ARB
A DPUPD
oaz ituzt
. AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES.
: FOR FORD GARS
Make Changing Urea a Pleasure
. ; j v Investigate ' ,
BaUou & Wright BRY
NORTHWEST AUTO CO.
Factory Distributors of -
Gole, lGOi
. BROADWAY AT
Main 8887 .
AUTOMOBILE AND SHOP SUPPLIES I -
SparkPlugs - TOOLS V j Brake-Oning
- MOTORCYCLES AND ACCESSORIES u ,: "
Preer Tool and Supply Co.
T4 Blztk aa 311 Oak Sts.
Trauscona.
who -Yates as a locomotive engineer,
and If. he wishes a speed of $$ miles
an hour he gets the "clear track or
ders and 'makes It, - . ' '
Many employes have been transported -in
this novelty C. P. R. ' "train," - and
the sensation of riding ,the rail so
comfortably is said to urge then to
get the chauffeur-engineer "to hit
the high spots." Because of the weight
of the flanged rar wheels the - eld
Mitchell "hugs the rails" like a trass
continental sleeper, and the motor at
tains high speed with a comparatively
small amount of gasoline consumption.
It has been said by the C P. R.
officials that ths operative economy of
the novel "train" is so wonderful that
similar equipment will be tftstalledVet
various other centers of C. P. R. fhP
activity.
f
- Wft '
YOU OOINO TO DO ABOUT ITT
AMh t7TaralfWTC!
coins urrx " s
, SPOBTIN'O OOODS. J
Lozieir Gar
COUCH STREET
, - . -' A-4950
oas.. Msta lesa. A 1S
via the petition of Mr. Wlnans It Is
Vulcanizing WztrtzZlz C E.CL0DCETT, M9f
by tne democratic partyt t V
intended for the , purchaser who is