Tijr: ini n' All the pity to - jamp at the chance ' Tbe days of unrestricted . tmmigra
I ll uLJU rl nMI and be grateful that it is in oosi- tion are numbered, for there Is
AN INDEPENDENT NKWHI'APlMt
,inhhT j
Fubllaihed Tr evening (empl saiMlay) und
livery eonay mornm at lot journal una-,-lnc
Broadway and Yasiblll t.. FwtUml.Or.
Enterwi at th fMMtoffie at Portiaad. or., for
SJi.;r;.i """"and the more than 300 typhoid
TKLEI'HONKS Mala 7173; Home, A-4US1. All
depart mm t reached by tha numbers. Tell
th operator what department too want.
rOHKlliM ADVKKT18INO HKfRESENTATI VE
Benjamin Keotoor Co., Brunswick Bldg..
225 Fifth Are., New Yurkj 1418 Vaoplea
Bldg.; . Chienno; ' :
Hubacrlptloo terma by mall or to toy ad
feeaa in tba , Cnlud States or Mexico:
DAILY
One 7ar.......$5.0U f One montb. ...... -SO
. SUNDAY
On jw.......$tJSa I On month. ......f -23
DAILY AND SUNDAY
One year . $7.50 I One gwtitfr. . , .1 ."
If I do not keep step with
tny companions, it is because
I hear a different drummer.
Let a man step to tlie music
he hears, however measured
or however far away. Tlioreau.
KKKPs OKKUOX FKEK
T
II K union label agreement be
tween State Printer Harris
and the Allied Printing Trades
of Salem should be declared
void.
The rij?ht of workers to organ
ize for their own advancement and
protection is self evident. That
wage earners would be ground
down, to a smaller and smaller
wafip without organization is true.
But unionised lahor must not
expect to seize and "brand the
state. The coiiknon wealth of Ore
gon, has'a right to le free.- It
ought, not to le required- to wear
nny man's brand or any organiza
tion's label.
Let laltbr unloni.e and let. it
get every reasonable, conceKKion
and reward to which an honest ser
vice gives it title.
Rut. let. us not (urn over the
state of Oregon to any society, as
sociation or organization to be
branded and collared like a de
pendent. Let, the state remain a
free state. Let her remain a sov
ereign state. Let her remain an
"unowned" state.
Let Oregon remain the inalien
able sovereignty of all the people.
Let her remain in position to
do for all labor what the unions
have done for organized labor.
THE YOUNG TURKS
T
URKEY has gone through
some violent experiences dur
ing the past two years. There
have been ravages by war.
cholera, poverty and changes in
government, and yet the United
States consul general at Constan
tinople says the Young Turks have
steadily pursued their purpose of
effecting internal reforms.
Bridges have been built, streets
widened and paved, whole blocks
of business buildings erected, sev
eral public parks opened and elec
tric cars introduced. The old
method of getting rid of refuse by
throwing it to the street dogs has
ucru DupjjiitiiLt-u uy h mouern or
" ganization of uniformed men em
ployed as a sanitary force. Auto
matic sprinklers and revolving
bropias keep the streets clean.
All this happened in the midst
of demoralization caused by a dis-!
astrous war and by an epidemic
which carried off hundreds of thou
sands of people. It would be a
remarkable record even under ad
vantageous circumstances, but, in
view of the handicaps the Young
Turks ' encountered, their accom
plishments have been marvelous.
It 9 possible that the Turks now
in control are not so bad as they
nave ueeu paixiieu. i ney are evi-
dently able and willing to learn.
, . An American syndicate has of
fered Turkey a loan of $120,000,
000 on condition that the syndicate
receives an important timber and
railroad concession in Asia Minor.
The consul general's report may
contain the explanation of this of
fer. The Young Turks seem to be
- taking on civilization, a fact -which
- the timid dollar accepts as a guar
antee of safety.
DOLLAR OR MAN?
OREGON CITY ls in the midst
of an agitation for a moun
tain water supply.
The present source of sup-
ply Is the Willamette river. A
filtering plant of modern design
purports to provide average purity.
There are, however, many people
In Oregon City who insist that a
filtering system is not always de-
,pendable and that whenever there
chances to be a lapse in its ef-!
ficlency consumers are drawing
their water supply direct from the
Pr0Ht Ban7Hi rtf ttiA TtM11 -aa
valley.
The Pure Mountain Water league
. is an organization which heads the
movement for a gravity water sys
tem for the city. From contribu
tions of its - members It has fl-
nanced a survey of the head wa -
ters of the Clackamas as a prob
ui source oi supply, me en-1 last congress.
- gineer reports that perfectly pure! The foreign language newspapers
water can be delivered to con-1 have an organization comprising
Burners in. Oregon City through af 610 publications in the United
pipe line 26.1 miles in length, and! States. Their aggregate clrcula
at a total cost of $300,000. Theitionjs over 7,000.000 copies, and
league proposes a bond issue to these papers use 29 different lan
cover the cost, and points to the guages. It is urged that the alien
fact ttfat the system could be put ; who wishes to come tr America
into operation inr about one year .'should not be blamed If his fatter
, from the beginning of work on the ' or his country did not give him
pipe line. A proposed special! the advantage of an education
, election for voting bonds is a part; that the alien should 'not be ex-
of the plan. -,-- (eluded for that reason.
' It is almost inconceivable that! - There is no attempt to blame
Oregon. City will reject such a pro-, the alien for his present condition
gram. Such water at such a moderate but there is a demand that the
1 cost would seem to be reason for Unied States pick Its Immigrants.
', tion to place itself alongside other
Oregon cities with a perfectly pure
water supply. '. '
No argument can be offered I
against the plan. The 20 dead
patients at Centralia answer ; alU s if the United States aspired for
arguments against pure water sup-; mere numbers, there would be no
ply. There is no, perpetually -pure occasion for any sort of an immi
supply but a gravity syBtem which gration law. A. literacy test does
brings its flowing water straight not necessarily determine a man's
from the heart of the mountains, j character, but it does fix his abll-
How can any city Justify Itself ity to acquire the necessary knowl
in accepting inferior water? i edge for becoming a real American.
Korean any city defend Itself j It ls not to the interest of Amer
for using questionable water when j lca to keep her port8 opea to peo
absolutely pure water can be had , ple who for years must remain
ror a very small ir any aavance ;
How can any city afford to pay
10, or 25, or 50 cents a month in-,
crease in water cost against the !
health and lives of human beings? !
How can any city excuse itself
for playing a dollar against a man? !
WHY THE IDLE?
N
O WONDER there are unem
ployed. The public's own
foreshore is absorbed and
then sold back to the public
at 864 per front foot as inMhe
Rcid dock Kite, or at $876 per
front foot as in the Pacific Milling
& Elevator site.
Unemployment is made by the
economies that have to be prac
ticed in order to raise the money
for paying these great r.ricesj such
for instance as $310,000 for the
Pacific Milling & Elevator site, in
cluding the more than $20,000
commission for Ferd Reed and the
$18,500 attorney fee for Mr.
Fulton.
These great, drains . contract the
paying power of the people. The
public tolls exacted in ono form
or another weaken the people by
tapping their resources.. They
force contraction of expenditures,
and contraction of expenditures
means fewer workers employed and
more men driven into idleness.
It is the parasites sucking the
blood out of the public through
extortionate prices for land, or
through seizure of public water
front and selling it back to - the
people at dizzy prices, that press
down the crown of thorns li on the
brow of workers. It is parasitical
absorption of public usufruct with
out giving anything back; it is
the denial by courts of Information
to a jury needed to fix a true
price for property which the pub
lic requires, that helps to swell
the army of the unemployed.
One of the best ways to help the
honest idle is to cut away the
grafts of those who absorb but
do not earn. '
AEROPLANES FOR NAVY
S
ECRETARY DANIELS has
recommended that the gov
ernment establish an aero
nautic school and training
station at Pensacola as a
means i
for Increasing the navy's strength.
He acted on the advice. of a board
appointed some time ago to study
military and naval aviation and
outline a policy for the United
States.
The board says that the Ameri-
can army and navy will suffer in
comparison with those of other
powers If they are denied the ad
vantages which the aeroplane and
the dirigible :."ford. This board
calls attention to the fact that
while America is the aeroplane's
birthplace, the flying machine has
been developed during the last ten
years principally In Europe.
Great Britain has 23 flying
machines for its army and six
for its navy; France has 259
machines, Germany has 42 and
Japan 10. Two years ago Eng
land's expenditure for military and
naval aviation 'was more than $1,
500,000; France, more than $6,
000,000; Germany, $1,500,000;
Russia, nearly $5,000,000, while the
United States expended only $140,
000. Since then European nations
have increased their appropriations
for this purpose, but the United
States has made relatively slight
additions.
These figures do not necessarily
Indicate the relative interest taken
In aviation. Their significance
probably lies in the fact that the
. flying machine has reached its
highest development in Europe be
cause of militarism. Aviation has
not reached commercial Import
ance. If the aeroplane were avail
able as a money making device
America would not be lagging be
hind. A LITERACY TEST
A
CAMPAIGN against the Bur
nett literacy test immigration
bill pending in congress has
been inaugurated bv the
American Association of Foreign
Language Newspapers. Assistance
in opposing the bill is asked . on
the eround that a similar hill xtrna
j vetoed by former President Taft
j and his veto was sustained by the
general agreement that If America
is to go - forward as she , should
along social and industrial lines,
the attempt must be made to ce-
ment rather than , disintegrate ner
people.
linaRRirnnated
OUR EIGHT HOUR LAW
s
OME Portland firemen are
contributing money to help
Labor Commissioner Hoff se
cure enforcement of tbe eight
hour law In the Portland fire de
partment. The change would add more
than $1,060,000 to the cost of the
Portland fire patrol. Instead of
one. It would require three shifts
of men if not a fourth to meet the
requirements as to a six day week.
There isn't a city in the United
States that provides more than a
twelve hour or two shift day.
There is not believed to be a city
in the world that provides the unheard-of
arrangement Imposed by
the Oregon eight hour law.
If the Portland firemen succeed
In fastening an additional million
and a quarter to the tax collections
of Portland through this law. it
will doubtless have for a sequel a
big movement for repeal of the
measure. '
What Is the use anyway of hav
lng a measure to prevent employes
of the state from overworking
themselves? What is the use of
making a codfish aristocracy of
state employes, most of whom are
already notoriously and woefully
scant on adequate service?
What is the use, anyway, of add
ing hundreds of thousands of dol
lars to the cost of government in
Oregon to make a petted class of
public employes by Increasing the
burden and drudgery of private
employes?
ITALIAN PEOPLE'S BANKS
B
EATING the loan shark has
become a vital issue in Amer
ican cities. Remedial loan
associations have this end In
view, and recently a group of
financiers announced their inten
tion to establish a chain of banks
for financing industrial workers
who do not have credit at banks
established primarily for business
men.
Italy's experience with "people's
banks" illuminates the problem,
showing that it is possible to es
tablish credit for the average poor
man as a strict business proposi
tion. An article in Harper's Maga
zine tells of the birth of Italy's
idea in 1865 and the growth of a
strong group of banks in various
cities, owned by poor people and
used chiefly to furnish loans to in
dustrial workers.
These banks invite the member
ship of everybody, from the line
of real poverty to the edge of
wealth. They are formed with
limited liability and the issue of
shares is unrestricted. The bor
rower has opportunity to. become
a banker through purchase of stock
at prices not more than $10 and
often as low as $4. Business Is
largely done on personal surety,
by the endorsement of one or two
men for another.
From these Italian banks groups
of workingmen, without capital of
their own, are able to obtain funds
to finance profitable contracts.
Groups of workers, without capital
of their own, have been able to
contract for the construction of
government railways, public high
ways and city building projects.
The great railway terminal at
Milan is being constructed by ar
tisans who have contracted with
the government, paying their
weekly wages and purchasing ma
terials with money advanced by
their own bank.
The small shopkeeper who sees
an opportunity to increase his in
come by the purchase of additional
fixtures or machinery can get the
money from these popular banks.
A few dollars will make him a
stockholder in a bank, and a rep
utation for industry and integrity
will permit him to borrow.
Only three of Italy's people's
banks have failed in forty years.
The banks pay regular dividends
to their stockholders, but the
biggest return to the people is the
influence exerted upon workmen.
They are taught the risks of t:ap-
ltaras,well as the value of cooper
ative industry.
Judge O'Day proves by the con
stitution, by, democratic traditions
from Jefferson to .Wilson, by the
13th, 14th and 15th amendments
and by other authorities that West
went wrong at Copperfield. The
Oregonian convinces Jtself by laws,
statutes and the proceedings of
the 1913 legislature that the gov
ernor should have used the broken-
backed 1913 statute to clean up
Copperfield. Soul Mate Moser
agrees with It all, and there you
are.- "But meanwhile, Copperfield
is dry; the children' of the town
are no longer made drunk; the
gambling is ended; Colonel Lawson
put an end to the reign of arson;
a court has held that the governor
was within the law and more head
way has been made in teaching
enforcement of law and ' dealing
with lawlessness than conld 'have
been achieved with thimblerigging
lawyers and spineless officials in
ten years. . -
There are many theories about
the unemployed. Many embryo
statesmen and sociologists have pet
explanations. - How about the un
employment incident to the $136,
000 spent for flowers at the recent
funeral of a," rich brewer?. How
about the unemployed that could
have been given work for the great
sums spent in New Year's eve
orgies?
Letters From the People
(Communications - sent to Tbe Journal for
publication in this department aboold be writ
ten on only one aide of tbe paper, ahoald not
esceed 300 words in length and must be ac
companied by tbe name and address of tbe
sender. If tbe' writer does not desire to
hare tbe name published, be should so state.)
"Discussion is the greatest of all reform
ers. It rationalizes eTerytbing it touches. It
robs principles of all false sanctity and
throws them back on ibelr reasonableness. If
they have no reasonableness, it ruthlessly
crushes them out of existence and' sets up Its
own conclusions in their stead." Woodrow
Wilson.
From a Working Workingnian.
Merits, Or., Jan. 24. To the Editor
of The Journal As I am a constant
reader of ;our paper, I ask you to pub
lish this letter to show our friend
whose letter appeared In The Journal
Wednesday under the caption "Sar
castic. What experience I have had,
with the common laboring class on
railroad construction in the past seven
years convinces me that there is no
reason "why a single man should be
unemployed in Portland, nor any justi
fication for the 160 who started for
Eugene, depending on charity to help
them. All last summer men could not
be had. There were plenty of them
coming; and going, stay-ins: long enough
to get a meal and then off to Portland,
where they could get 25 cents a day
more, while $2.60 a day for 10 hours
was the wage at our camp. I know for
ure there were at least 1200 men on
the payroll In eight months, and there
v.a.s never a crew of over 60 men at
one time. The camp was clean, the
meals gr-od, the work clean and dry.
I am just a common laborer and am not
boost fng myself. I have seen 20 men
come from Kugene, on free fare, every
other day. These men would get their
supper and breakfast, and then be off
to Portland. I have known of six
bunches coming and out of 120 men
just three etuck on the Job and two
of these were mere boys whom I per
suaded to stay. I have seen 30 to 40
men come Into camp, some of whom
had the uppers of their shoes, but no
soles; others no stockings, or no shirts
save an undershirt. I have been stung
o the tune of $9 in one month by
taking pity on these parasites, stand
ing good for them at the camp com
missary so the poor, big healAy sloths
could get out to work next morning,
only to find they had gone after break
fast. I, for one, will cheerfully say
the saloons are not alone to blame for
the condition of these bums. There
should be a law passed making It
worth 60 days on the rockpil for any
one to give these men a free meal or
a "poke out," as they call it. That's
what makes tramps the free lunches.
Should I ever have a railroad con
tract there wouldn't be a floater on
the Job, but foreigners only. You can
depend on them after a payday. They
will wash or boil up on 8undays. but
the Americans, never. You will always
lind their bunkhouses In a filthy con
ditlon, but the foreigners are clean
and free from vermin. I would like to
hear anyone speak, one good word of
the floater as a laborer. It is grumble
and kick, then the second or third
day, as soon as he ls filled up, down
the track he goes, with his bed mate's
blankets that he was generous enough
to let the tramp share with him. I
could put those 160 men who are
tramping southward on a piece of
work at $3 per day and 8 hours' work,
and I can take oath that there wouldn't
be one man of the 150 on the job In
30 days no, nor In two weeks.
Yes, help the poor bum. I have seen
trese parasites in benches along the
railroad track under the shade of a
tree, reading or playing . cards, when
the foreman in camp needed 20 to 30
meti. At the sound of the dinner bell
you would see the free lunch' bums
making for the dining cars, to crowd
in and take the places of the men that
had worked hard all day, and to fill
their pockets so as to have enough to
last them to the next camp. You will
always hear the Greek, or any foreign
er, complaining or nis wasning Deing
stolen, but never the floater. He has
none to wash, and It's the Burnside
saloon bums who are always complain
ing about hard times, that do such
things.
I am referring to railroad camps
alone, including Oregon, Washington
and Montana. They are all the same,
wherever you go, and I know what I
am talking about
First stop the free meals, not only
In Portland but everywhere; then stop
booze and vice. Then you will get
steady American men on the Jobs.
A, M. R.
The Reed College Lectures.
Portland, Jan. 24. To the Editor of
The Journal The Reed college lectures
on "The Voter and the City of Port
land" have attracted wide-spread In
terest, as they should. A correspond
ent . writes to one of the Portland
papers as follows:
"I have a strong opinion that the
whole thing is a . cunningly devised
scheme of some sinister interest, In
cluding the ever-subtle liquor Interest,
to throw a little fine sand Into the
people's eyes. To give one Instance,
one chart showed that the greater part
of the city's revenue comes from the
liquor traffic but the chart that should
have shown what the liquor traffic
costs the taxpayer was cunningly
omitted."
Permit me to state a few facts bear
ing on this question, not because any
one holding such a view is i likely to
have his opinion altered by facts, but
because it is a good opportunity to
show how wildly people Jump at con
clusions without a knowledge of facts,
and furthermore, a good opportunity to
call the attention .of the public to a
series of six lectures which every citi
zen should hear and may bear if he
pleases. The Interest of Reed college In
the liquor traffic may be suggested by
these facts:
The president of the college has re
peatedly, in public addresses, empha
sized the connection between the liquor
traffic and prostitution as revealed by
the reports of every vice commission.
The president of the college is a
total abstainer, as a matter of princi
ple, and has ued his Influence on
every occasion against the liquor traf
fic . ;
The Reed college campus is the
largest area in the city of Portland
where the consumption of liquor Is not
tolerated.
The Reed institute has declined to
rent any of its various properties for
any kind of liquor traffic although it
could increase, its revenues by so do
ing." " .-. ' 'J - " , - "
The students of Reed college under
I
A FEW SMILES
This paper." eald Languid Lewis,
'tells about a horse runnlu' away with
a. woman and she was
J UV S I laid up for mix
weeks."
"That ain't so
worse, rejoined
I Boastful Benjamin.
"A friend of mine
once ran away with
a horse and he was
laid up for six years."
Constable Come
along; you've got
to have a bath.
Tranp A barf!
What, wiv water?
Constable Yes, of
course.
Tramp Couldn't
you manage it . wiv
one o' them vacuum cleaners?
Little Clarence Paw!
Mr. Callipers Well, my son?
Little Clarence
Paw. when a doctor
is sick and calls In
another doctor to doc
tor him, is the doctor
doctored the way he
wants to be doctored
or does the doctor
doctor him Just as he
thinks he ought to be doctored?
"And so." said the man who lives
in a flat to his friend who is a com
muter, your next
door neighbor, you
say, is a real philan
thropist." "You bet he Is,"
said the commuter en
thusiastically; "why,
he bought 110 worth
of flower seeds for
my chickens last
spring." Ladies' Home Journal.
The
pleased
making
bride
was overwhelmingly
with the progress she was
in cooking and hubby was
always so encourag
ing and so kind in
making excuses if by
any chance she did
make a little mistake
when guests were
present. This same
opinion of her for
bearing husband
might have continued
indefinitely had she not Inadvertently
made use of a bit of slang.
Noticing that Harry was a trifle
downcast when the dinner was about
half over, she exclaimed gaily:
"Cheer up, Harry; the worst is yet to
come:"
Her husband glanced up quickly, and
with a despairing glance inquired:
"What! have you made a pie?"
Ladies' Home Journal.
the direction of the department of
social ethics, prepared a map of the
city of Portland showing the location
of every saloon an every arrest for
drunkenness for a given period and ex
hibited this cnart at the Reed college
conference on the conservation of hu
man life as evidence of the pernicious
influence of the saloon in Portland.
This map with other evidence of the
waste and crime due to the liquor
traffic is presented in lantern slides
in the closing lecture of the very
course to which the objection is raised.
I quote from the lecture In question:
"The argument ls advanced to the
effect that the liquor business ls neces
sary for the repletion of the public
treasury. As a matter of fact, the
revenue from liquor is spent for the
maintenance of iails and courts to
take care of the product of the traf
fic. If alongside of every billboard
advertising liquor could be placed an-,
other stating the actual facts of the
drain of the liquor traffic upon human
lives, we might get somewhere. If,
for example, the public knew that al
cohol and syphilis are among the lead
ing causes of feeble-mindedness, we
might at least ask whether the traffic
as now organized is a necessary evil."
As this course of six lectures on
"The Voter and the City of Portland"
is under suspicion. It is highly desir
able that everyone sheuld attend. The
lectures are now being given every
Monday evening at the Kenilworth
Presbyterian church; every Tuesday
evening at the Arleta school and at
the Montavilla school; every Wednes
day at 6:45 at the Young Women's
Christian Association; every Thursday
evening at the Sellwood Methodist
Episcopal church.
The series has already been given at
eight places, a total of 44 lectures. At
every place the speaker has urged peo
ple to point out errors and to suggest
improvements. We are still eager to
make corrections and to Improve the
lectures. .
FLORENCE M. READ.
Secretary of Reed Extension Courses.
Discussing Initiative Bills.
Roseburg, Or., Jan. 28. To the
Editor of The Journal I am a be
liever in the Initiative and referendum
when It is used for the purposes for
which it was intended, the initiative
for the purpose of securing needed
legislation which the legislature will
not pass and for which there is a
statewide demand, and the referendum
as a safety on the legislature in cases
of real Importance. But they should
not be used for initiating or referring
some personal whim or pet subject as
is done by A. D. Crldge. W. S. U'Ren
and a few others, who are the real
enemies of the Initiative and referen
dum if they want to realize it
I believe that the passage of ex
Senator Bourne's bill will cure .much
of this, as when there is a sufficient
demand for some bill there will be no
trouble in securing the necessary
names to Initiate or refer the given
bill without the use of paid circu
lators. There Is one bill being initiated that
the poor man and small taxpayer
should not allow himself to be influ
enced into voting for, and that is Mr.
Cridge's "$1500 exemption" measure.
There is just a certain amo.unt of
money that has to be raised by taxa
tion and if the larger taxpayer has to
pay more tax, as he necessarily would
vnder Mr. Cridge's bill, the grocer and
dry goods merchant would all have to
pay a considerably larger rents, and
they in turn would raise the price Of
the necessities and the poor man
would pay the bill. And the owners
of apartments and cottages for rent
would pay Increased taxes and the
poor man would still pay the bill. It
would be of no benefit to the poor
man whether the exemption ls on real
estate or Just the improvements the
same amount of money will have to
be raised and the large taxpayer will
make the small and poor man pay it
indirectly and very likely with intereslj
or profit added.
One bill being initiated that is
worthy of the support of everyone is
by C. S. Jackson of Portland with re
gard to the purchase of property for
the public use. We have had one ex
ample in this town. A certain site in
Roseburg was wanted f or a hlh
school and was offered by the owner
for $1000. but the building was not
built at that time. One year later a
grale school was wanted in tbe same
part of town and the school district
was held up for $6000 for the same
r?
I 1 M SS a. . h E
PERTINENT COMMENT
SMALL CHANGE
Almost avrv a vn.i
fll 1 man rlilma M i. . w i
as luck.
French people have not been carol
ing about their sunny . and flowery
land lately:
J. Pluvius most have been prepar
ing through recent weeks for a long
a
Lord Strathcona was very old as
measured by the average epan of 'life,
but will be missed; he was a great
man.
A publicly owned. San Francisco
street car line paid a large net profit
last year perhaps a hint to other
cities.
Some of the biggest dealers in old
eggs have been, fined heavily in Chi
cago, the court finding that they were
also bad eggs."
In speaking of things given domes
tic animals to eat. be very careful
never to say -feed," which is vulgar,
but always "ration."
ClrCllIt J 11 HcTa AnHnrann D.t.
rounty doesn't read the Oregonian, or
'i wa iir aoesn i agree with u,
in the Cnnnerflflri noc ti,. v.
be recalled.
Many Oregon people, especially fruit
growers, have been hoping, if not
DraVina. for cnlHor wsillor fn. l. .
last month. This will seem funnv to
people in many parts of the world.
, - ..... . '?. 1 ' L l iuui
at the secretary of sluts for s.-if.
land while he was making a speech.
She would better have thrown it nx
some famishing fellow out of a Jot
DEMOCRACY IN A BACKWARD COUNTRY
From the New York Globe.
The Portland Oregonian refuses to
see similarity between the struggle in
Mexico and the struggle of the Neth
erlands and of Switzerland and of this
country to establish weir-governmeut.
It says that tine Dutch, the .Swiss
and ourselves, both before and aftor
the wars of revolution, have shown
capacity for democratic self-government,
whereas Mexico, although inde
pendent for nearly a century, has
shown its incapacity. "There is r.o
present reason to hope," says the Ore
gonian, "that democracy can spring
from within that country. It may
grow up under the tutelage of a
stronger nation which sets earnestly
about this task."
It IS true that Mexico has been In
dependent for nearly a century anc
that during the century it has had the
shadow rather than the substance of
democratic self-government. First
there was a period or anarchy as rival
clans and factions,- inherited from
colonial days, fought out questions of
family and tribal supremacy, finally
agreeing that all members of the lim
ited ruling caste should have a voice
in public affairs.
Then came a period of anarchy as
the Issues between clericalism and lib
eralism were warred over, resulting
finally in an undisputed victory for
liberalism.
Then came a period of anarchy In
cident to an effort to establish a for
eign tyranny, set up on the theory
advocated by the Oregonian that tho
Mexicans should be under the tutelage
of a stronger nation.
Finally has come a new period of
anarchy as the question ls being de
cided of whether Mexico shall go on
as a nominal republic but actually
an autocracy or whether it shall
make a start toward self-government.
It is clear to many in Mexico and
to some outside that peace is not to
be expected in the distracted country
DISCOURSE ON BULLS AND BEARS
By JOHN M. OSKISON.
(Copyright, 1914, by J. O. Loyd.)
Speaking of bulls and bears of Wall
street, one of Its poets recently sang:
"When the winter's chill has passed us.
When the springtime's blossoms bloom.
The dead will awake.
The grave they'll forsake,
And sunshine break through the
gloom."
A "confirmed bull" wrote a poem
which the London Financial Times
printed not long ago. It fcvas entitled,
h"When the Bears Start Buying Back,"
ana us urst stanza was:
"I sing the song of that great day
When the bears start buying back:
They've had it all their own sweet way
A deal too long, to our dismay;
But won't there be a 'hip, hooray!'
When the bears start buying back!"
These two poets express the senti
ments of a great body of Investors and
traders who have been borne down so
long by the pessimists (who are sym
bolized by the bear) that they look for
ward to a time, not very far In the
location, when the owner could not
have sold the property for one third
of the $6000 to anyone else, and it was
assessed for less than $1500.
I have not seen the petitions for Mr.
Jackson's bill here for circulation t.nd
I would be only too glad to circulate
them for Douglas county free of
charge. W. V. G.
Central Real Estate) Agency.
Aurora, Or., Jan. 20. To the Editor
of The Journal In the approaching
spring easterners will come to Port
lend and some 'of them will invest
their money in Oregon. It would be
greatly beneficial to property sellers
and buyers if Portland would estab
lish a large real estate bureau, to
which land sellers could send written
descriptions of farm land for sale,
describing the land, location, and the
nearest route to take by rail, car or
boat to such land. This city real estate
office should assist every stranger to
the right car, railroad or boat station,
and advise the buyer so he could easily
find the desired land. When a land
deal ls closed and recorded the land
seller should pay 3 per cent commis
sion of the sale price to the city real
estate office. These commissions
woujd pay most If not all expenses
and salaries for ofifcials. Such a real
estate bureau would save hundreds of
dollars to buyers and sellers of land,
which now fills the pockets of many
private real estate dealers who often
make enormous profits of sales.
MRS. J. KNAPP.
Judge Bennett a Candidate?
Portland. Or.. Jan. 24. To the Editor
of The Journal I note amongthose
mentioned as possibilities for the
Democratic nomination for governor,
A. S. Bennett, of .The Dalles. I should
like some of Judge Bennett's support
ers to explain how they expect to elect
him In 11. when only in 1910 he
write a public letter branding the pres
ent governor as a corporation man,
and implying even worse things about
him.
Lest we forget, let me quote from
the 'letter:
"I have reason to believe, that Mr.
West i too close to the corporations.
AND NEWS IN BRIEF
OREGON SIDELIGHTS
Eugene's city council has Just or
dered the paving of 17 additional
blocks, and the sale of $160,000 of
water extension bonds.
"If all tbe building schemes now in
contemplation In 'Pendleton are car
ried out this year," says the East Ore
gonian. "the prodigal sons won t know
the place when they come home."
If they had not had the calendar
to remind them it was still winter.
the News says, some of Hood River's
early gardeners might have had their
seeds in the ground last week.
A. Meresse of Forest Grove has
bought the White Salmon Enterprise,
the weekly newspaper at White Sal
mon. Wash. Mr. Meresse is a gradu
ate of Pacific university and Iwa had
several years' experience In newspaper
work.
Lebanon Express: Old Oregonians
are now ready to give approval to the
assertion that climatic conditions In
this state are becoming more of a
conundrum each year and that the
wifcei-t f them are unable to foretell
the future weather. list week we
had a great ariety of weather and
the wise prognosticator suggested that
snow would follow so much sunshine
but it has failed to appear.
Retort most courteous in MarshfieM
K-.-rd, evoked iy ("orvallis 5azette
Timen' ripe raspberry story: "On New
Year's day roses were blooming In
Marslif ield ; two days afterwards the
people here were complaining tbe air
was sultry. Flowers In many yards
are abloom today. Wherever you look
about Coon Bay you will see green
grass growing. We have no ripe rasp
berries, but we are going some our
selves." vntil the clentiflco coterie at Mexico
"!ty. for many years the government,
freely concedes that its day of suprem
a y Is over and that its members muit
share responsibility with representa
tives of the Mexican masses.
It is customary to say that the dem
ocratic movement in Mexico began
with Madero. It began long before.
Madero was a consequence, not a
cause. The democratic movement be
gan in Mexico with the increase In
the diffusion of wealth end education
incident to material development. The
railroads brought in a good deal of
democratic Infection. If such it is to
be considered. American railway men,
going to Mexho In larjce numbers, ed
ucated them, though Americans were
frankly contemptuous of the "Greas
ers" and did not d.m them fit for
self-government. The average Mexi
can Is not far along, but he can see
that the free government of the
Fnlted States gives the poor man a
better chance than the Mexican olig
archy. It is difficult to fence out democ
racy these days. The Persians, the
Turks and even the Chinese, have be
come permeated with the disease. Mex
ico is no exception that ls all. Th-:
timea.i arrived when the old form
must give way to the new. Whither
they are going is, of course, not clear
to the tatterdemalions who make up
the army of Villa. They are not all
unselfish patriots sacrificing them
selves on the altars of a cause. Rut
under their broad-brimmed Tint M...
are stirring, and these ideas bode no
good to Mexican feudalism Tt Tiro.
dictable that peace will not come 1
Mexico Until the n Itmni tn thruit nr
der into her people Is abandoned Th
really stupid persons are those' who
blindly persist in trying to save a
system that Is unsavabie. It ls not
difficult to understand Mexico's
troubles if there is effort to under
stand. '
future, when they whose symbol ls the
bull will have their turn. They are
optimists. .They believe that most se
curities are far too low In price. They
believe that the professional pessim
ists, the bears, hare gone too far In
selling down good stocks and bonds
and they say:
"Just wait till we get a budget of
good news and begin to put the prices
of good securities up to where they
belong. Then the Bears will have to
cover" the sales they have been mak
ing, and the way they'll have to bid
for securities to make good their
trades will open their eyes to the dan
ger of being a bear too long."
Certainly, that time .is coming. This
inning has been a long one for the
pessimists, but It must end soon: and
as soon as the optimists feel that they
are firmly in control of the markets,
you may be sure that prices will
go up rapidly.
Through a long term of year the
bears are the salvation of security
prices: but you must remember that
they can t rule Indefinitely.
and that he Is not in sympathy with
progressive Democratic ideas.
"He went before the committee in
the last legislature and lobbied In the
interest of the Corporations and for
this and other reasons. I do not be
lieve him to be the proper man for
Democratic candidate for the high of
fice of governor.
"I think Mr. Myers on the contrary
is thoroughly honest ."
That letter was sent broadcast by
the Bowerman bunch over the state,
and if I remember right was the hard
est thing West had to go against.
While Bennett had written It before
the primary he never took any stepe
to prevent its use by the Republican,
and Indeed, it was generally under
stood at the time that he was support
ing Bowerman.
To think that the Democrats out
registered three to one could expect
In 1814 to elect a man who could not
even poll his own party vote. The Re
publicans have done some foolish
things in Oregon in the past, but never
anything more foolish than this pro
posal by some Democrats to nominate
A. S. Bennett for governor. That
would be the easiest way I know to
elect to that office a Republican.
A DEMOCRAT.
Pointed Paragraphs
The best man seldom win
at a
wedding.
Anyway, the road to happiness Is al
ways on the level.
Most anything is doubtful that poses
as a sure thing.
Why not resolve to get even with
the world by paying your debts?'
The small tumbler is responsible
for many of the Blips attributed to
the cup.
Good intentions should have asbes
tos wrappers for reasons unnecessary
to me-ntlon.
.
Our idea of a fussy man la one
who isn't on speaking terms with his
own conscience half th tlm.
IN EARLIER DAYS
By FredlLockley.
I ura m rwrn nn in v . 1 , mmntl
Lemmuel Lemmnn . f Ralem "M
father waa born In Kentucky, my
mother tn Maryland, My people moved
to Indiana where 1 was born. In 1844
when I was four years old they went '
to Missouri but bearing of Oregon -they
decided to to ihere Thrv.fiiurMl
it must be a pretty good place as it, ;
o ow .at rw a J aim iiaiu l J yel IV.
"They outfitted at St. Joe. and.
crossed the Missouri river on May 6,
1845. There were 40 wagons tn our
train. Captain Ieven N. English was
in charge of our train. Captain Eng
lish, though born in Maryland, was
raised in Kentucky.. After figliting in
the war of 1812 he 'moved to llllnoU.
He served in the Black Hawk war as
a captain. Shortly, after the elofe of
the Black Hawk War he moved tn
Iowa. He was one of Oregon's tnosU
progressive citizens. .He settled m
j Salem in 184S where he lafr built
what were called Hie -English mills.
He served in the Cayusc wr of lt7
ar.d 1X4S. He had 12 children by his
first wife and seven by his second
wife.
"We reached the Willamette valley
late in October and wintered on tlio
ltawn place Just a;ros from wlni
Oswego was later bwilt. ln tho.e days
irtst of the towns 'were on the rivem
and streams, Oregoiw.City, ('h.ihipeog
and Vancouver bel'nW' the pnii.-iiial
trading j-oint. Thq t)?avel was largely
by cunoe or-batteaii -Snd of cours.- nil
freight traffic, particularly of lieny
goods, such as whefet. beaver skina
and pelts, was by Bureau. The travel
iu h.ifi ioi cum$ not oe reacnc l
by streams was moWly on horseback
and by pack horse.?, t-
"W'iien father w9ted. to -drie a
wagon from our pUuse near Oswego to
Oregon City, he had'to cut th- bru.-di
out of tlic trail Twhjle 1 drove tl.o
oxen. Next spring e settled on I u-
per French Prairie vtiear the present
town of Brooks. M:y father was t'.
first American settler with a whit
wlf6 on French F'ratflc. Kindi Prairie
bud lx-en settled bj'. ex-etnpln es it
the Hudson Kay coinipany, French voy-
Mgeui'a who were living with s)iins,
or who had marrlqt'liHlf breed women.
"In those days Ii;diMtis d:d H troud
deal of work for tb white in-n. They
were good boatmetil and i t y rlt!i
ful so that you usjilly hired Indimi
for river worn and! ome of tiirni be
came expert at citling rails. My
father lii i cU Iniliaiif to cut the fence
rails with which t$ tn.-c his place.
The price used to e $1 n-r hundred
mil but flftr the mines had be.-t
discovered in California the prb-e rot
to from Jl.&n to ti.'.n i..r hundred.
The Indians took t lie) r pay in blank
ets, flour, ba'on, gunpowder or lead.
I lb- H ...l ... -r
.-me nn uin'T wiieiti lariiiers in
toose days we trod our wheat out !
oxen. Father thought it was a very
shiftless thing to have to Walt for a
breeze before lie codij ,-lean his wheat.
Most of the eiirly larmers erected
platrorius. threw their wheat and
chaff in the uir and let the wind blow
the c'.iaff away. My father fixed up
a mill with fans to fan the wheat out.
My father died in -the sixties.
"I spent the winter or lhfil and
18fiU In the mints nar lloifce. Tli.j
flrtst farm I owned was In the Walio
hills. It Joined Iali Waldo's farm.
1 bought it in 1SG4. paying J900 for it.
It was not quite a .quarter aection.
To be exact it had a 147 acres In It.
I was out there recently and priced iL
The owner said ;ie would take $000
for It. My neighbors in the Wald i
hills were the Waldos, the Tayloia,
King Hibbard, and Ijoulu tirirflth. I
sold this farm and moved to a placo
near Monmouth, later moving Into
Lime county near Eugene. 1 have
Nen a farmer all n:y Me. I hav
had 11 children and when I call the
roll of my grandchildren there ars
a good many to answer 'present.' "
Copperfiefd'i Condemnation.
From the Pendleton Hast Oregonian.
If martial law at Copperfield is a
bad thing does the blame rest on Gov
ernor West or on a Jew lawless law
yerK end slothful officials who bv their
tactics obstructed nwdtd reform and
literally forci d the governor to take
drastic action?
Take a glance at the situation. .
A.t Copperfield the town government
was completely In the hands of-saloonkeepers.
Other people reserved this
and complained that not only was the
town disorderly, but 't hat - they feared
their homes would be; burned and they
declared murder liadbeen threatened
against them. T
I'pon the district attorney and sher
iff fell the first duty of correcting the
situation. They were either unwilling
or unable to do so. It Is 'now asserted
the district attorney )s the law part
ner of Nichols, the man who fs de
fending the saloonmen, a fact which
may have a bearjng on the inaction of
the prosecutor. " 1
In behalf of the sheriff thf beau
teous plea ls made that a sheriff ex
ists mainly to serve- warrants and ls
not required to take the initiative in
capturing lawbreakers unless crimes
occur under his own observation.
That was not Harvey Brown's con
ception of the duties pf a sheriff. If
a sheriff ls to be a mere warrant serv
er it wouia oe cneaper ror Baker coun.
ty to discharge Sheriff Rand and call
a messenger boy wh&p a warrant bear
er is needed. f
When the governor fought under the
terms of a law passed last year to
temporarily supplant . this inactive
sheriff his representative was unable
to get a hearing before the circuit
judge, who claims he cannot hear the
case until next Saturday, when it will
probably be too late. ,
Confronted with such - pettifoggery
and such evasion of duty by the civil
authorities, yet required by the con
stitution of Oregon to Bee that the
laws are "faithfully enforced" and
with daily appeals from Copperfield
men and women saying they were sub
ject to insults and dangers, who can
blame the governor for having used
his military authority; to correct th
evil? Could .he have -done less and
kept his oath of offlea?
Admitting that martial law Is bad
business, is it not cleaner and better
than civil law when the civil law falls
into the hands of men who live, by
vice and are aided by lawyers who
morally come little short of being ac
complices in crime?
And many a father who thinks be t
savlno- money when lie rives his
daughter in marriage discovers later
that he has a son-in-law to support.
The Sunday JJournal
The Sunday Journal' new
columns are supplemented
by a variety of news review
and illustrated feature that
command attantiom.
Thia big paper la complete ta
fire news section. 12 pag
magazine and comic sectioa.
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