1
WORK FINISHED ON SOUTH JETTY AT COLUMBIA'S MOUTH: :
Drum a Mire tdcct
1 I w '
r Ul I LMM U0 OIULLI
GILLEN-CHAllIBERS COMPANY
PLAN FOR CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT: INCLUDES NORTH JETTY
E
THAN TWO HUNDRED
Between 95 and 100 Million
v Fares' Registered on City
Lines Present Year,
, i " -
Manufacturer of Asbestos f Products, 1 .
Cold Storage Insulating Materials,
Asbestos Shingles, "Burmite" Roof
ing, Sound. Deadening, Fire-proofing. v
Materials..
-NAVIGATION SAFER
66 Nortl Front Street
Portland, Or.
MILEAGE
MOR
GOVERNMENT
SPENDS
, -w
II
MAKING
MAIN 14&8-
After Years of Study Engi
neers Have Learned Habits
' of Currents Near Bar,
SAILING over the Columbia's bar. In
ocean greyhound, freighter or coast
er, tow Doraona. as they nass by the
' south Jetty, pause and give thought to
; th millions In money spent, the prob
lem met and solved and the years of
struggle of man against nature's angry
elements. In the building of that slender
thread of rock, which makes the chan
nel safe and passage deep.
1 From Fort Stevens, across the shal
lows of Clatsop Spit and into the ocean
1 itself, extending a distance of seven
miles, the 1ettv stanrts a bulwark
against the northbound shifting sands,
; 1 and narrowing the mouth of the great
stream compels it to hurl the tremen
dous foTces of Its currents against the
j hampering sands and scour the channel
clean. The work of building the Jetty,
which extended intermittently over a
period of 28 years, was only completed
this year at a total cost or approxl
mately 110.000,000.
And not content with' the showing
made. Uncle Sam nailed another slogan
to the mast A Forty Foot "Channel
Over tBar!" and in 1911 began prep
arations for the construction of a Jetty
on the north side of Columbia's mouth,
which, when completed, will, it Is an
ticipated, bring the channel's depth to
at least 85 feet Dredges will complete
the Job, and the 259.000 square miles of
productive empire drained by the Co
lumbia will be in position to build up
one of the most magnificent fresh water
harbors of four continents..
Already the Jetty has left the shores
Of Cape Disappointment and plunged 800
feet outward through the treacherous
surf of danger Peacock spit. And close
behind are following the "rocking"
crews who. with their old little, steam
trains, handle the rock that goes into
the sea and builds the Jetty walls.
In the spring, the trestle will be ex
tended several thousand feet more in
its long stretch to five miles. Slowly,
surely, it will beat Its way across the
bar shallows and when completed will
cut off the fan shaped opening of the
river to the north and confine Colum
bia's currents between It and the Jetty
two miles to southward. With such a
narrow opening the river cannot do
Other than scour out the fine sands and
send them into deep water,- where the
littoral northbound current will carry
them out of the way.
River's Habits Determined.
Factors governing the depth of water,
such as currents, their direction, wave
action, sand movement, etc., are now
well understood by the engineers. Nu
merous surveys extending over a period
of a century have established the river's
nablts fairly well, particularly since
1885, when work oh The first unit of
the south Jetty, was stalled. .Briefly
stated, the entrance cf the river wtih
Its uncontrolled Bhoals and spits under
went many Important changes. At cer
tain times only one channel existed
across the bar. but more, frequently two,
one to north, the other to south. Since
1885 one channel has obtained. In that
year the bar channel was probably the
shallowest In its history. A bare 20
feet In depth was shown. This was
largely due to the "spill" of the river
over Clatsop spit, which naturally re--daoed-tho
scour4ngoiu-nfllleurren t
As the Jetty was extended onto the spit
a marked improvement .was noted by
"When-th first unit of four and one
quarter miles was completed in 1895, the
Dar cnannpt one iwr rmtw wm
and 81 feet deep, at low water the
; widest and deepest channel' ever known
to exist.
Clatsop spit had' gained greatly' In
' elevation and area. As a submerged
spit it extended three miles seaward
from the end of the Jetty and its pres
ence trained the currents and directed
largely their scouring energy.
But later the spit caused a deteriora
tion of the channel. Detached and be
yond Jetty control, influenced by the
'ocean's northward current and the
forces of constant wave action, the spit
gradually edged toward the north, forc
ing the bar channel correspondingly In
the same direction with constantly in
creasing depth, until the channel hud
decreased to 23 feet in 1901. Beyond
the1 Jetty,, the spit had virtually dis--appeared.
Then with practically the
same conditions facing them as in 1885.
government engineers began to work
out the problem a second time. In 1903
a board reported and recommended
Jetty construction to accomplish a
channel 40 feet In depth. This called
for an extension of the south Jetty for
approximately two and a hair miles, the
building 'ot a north jetty and, If neces
sary, permanent construction was to be
supplemented by dredging.
The recommeniintlons were approved
and backed by liberal appropriations.
Work has been carried on since. Prac
tically a million dollars a year has been
spent since then and this year the last
bit of rock was placed on the Jetty It
was finished. This, combined with
dredging, has made a 28 foot channel,
safe and deep enough for a dread
naught, at low water. The tremendous
total of 5,7R3,Oftn tons of rook has been
quarried out of the hills above Van
couver, transported in scows to the
mouth of the, river, carried by train far
out on the jetty, and dumped into the
ocean.
Hundreds of Men Employed.
During the last year 300 men have
been kept busy repairing and extending
the artificial reef Into the Pacific. On
the other side of the river, an additional
force of 200 men have been busy putting
In .trestles, building plants and shops
and houses, dredging a channel In
Baker's bay for rock scows, erecting
docks, and carrying on the multitudin
ous tasks connected with the last and
most Important part of the work.
How long It will take to complete the
north Jetty, no one knows; probably
from five to seven years, says the engi
neers. How much it will cost, no one
knows, the figures ranging anywhere
from 14,000,000 to $7,000,000.
10
Bjf Way of Comparison.
Building permits for the first
monme oi ivia:
Portland .....111,763,940
Pea tile 8,383,590
Teoonia .., ,2,296,806
A new. baronet !! inns' th li.i-mi
of a rifle normally, but is thrown into
position for service by pressing a but
ton on wt siock ot ids weapon.
r YmJJ rjuzzL k - 2Ll!
- - ; 1 UJ1 " '
tf s , . 4 JX rff4,:v;;t. S
" - - - M' V.mx ffW.riiat mmatJLJIJ
Scenes along the South Jetty at the mouth of the Columbia. Top Hauling rock to sea. Center Section of
the Jetty completed. Bottom Towing barges . laden with rock for use on the Jetty.
CONSTRUCTIVE
MARKS
ROADS
PROGRAM IN OREGON FOR PRESENT YEAR
Popular Demand for Cooperative Endeavor and Improved
Legislation Are Followed by Prompt Action in In
telligent Highway Plans,
IN OREGON the good roads orator Is
being succeeded by the trained mind
CV11U iaLUt.dl IlttllU.
System, science and scrutiny are be
ginning to exclude haphazard, waste and
graft.
On the statute books laws are now
written. They permit counties to pledge
their credit for permanent roads. They
permit employing of city, county and
state prisoners In road making. They
create and authorize support of a state
road department. They permit a degree
of state aid in road building.
The county bonding act Is already bo-
ing exercised. Four counties have votod
on bond issues. But one has rejected its
bonding proposition.
People approve or reject the definite
proposal. They think most easily in
the terms of concrete objects. It Is not
strange that the bonds so far voted have
been special purpose bonds.
Multnomah county voted $1,260,000 in
bonds to meet Clarke county, Washing
ton, in the construction of an interstate
bridge. Under the definition of a law
passed by the last legislature this
state's portion of an interstate bridge
Is a highway for which the county inter
ested may vote bonds under the county
bonding act.
Jackson county . In southern Oregon
voted 1500,000 in bonds for the construc
tion, principally, of that county's share
of the Pacific highway. A contract has
been let for the grading of the pic
turesque road over the Siskiyou moun
tains and ground has been broke. Jack
son county, eager to lead In public im
provements, is determined that the Cali
fornia line shall not be the northern
terminus of the two great trunk high
ways California is building north and
south at a cost of $18,000,000. ,
Clatsop County Votes Bonds.
Clatsop county has voted $400,000
largely to be spent in that'-county's
share of the Columbia river highway.
Clatsop is first to take action, voting
bonds for the Columbia highway, but
Multnomah will meet the cost out of
current tax levy.
Crook county voted on an issue of
1200,000 In bonds and rejected the prop
osition for what are understood to be
good and sufficient reasons, and not for
lack of interest in better built high
ways. The Interior Oregon county
would have used the $200,000 nearly all
in constructing a trunk north and south
highway to form a -unit in the proposed
east-of-the-mountalns Pacific highway,
had the bonds been voted. '
Counties that are agitating road bond
Issues are Columbia, which probably in
February will vote on an issue of $340,
000 for its share of the Columbia high
way; Coos, Josephine and Hood Elver
counties. Hood River's bond issue
would probably be spent to a consid
erable extent on the Columbia highway.
Klamath county will vote on a $320,000
road bond issue.
In Coos county the people have in
mind a bond Issue of $460,000. In
Josephine the amount being suggested
Is $225,000, while in Hood River the
amount will probably be $240,000.
Jackson county has atracted especial
attention by Its road building program.
The contract let for the grading over
the Siskiyou mountains required a be-
ginning of work November 28 and a
completion .September 1, 1914. This is
the most difficult portion of the high
way. It Is 13 miles long and the con
tract for grading amounts to $107,000.
Clatsop county will divide its bond
issue between the Columbia highway
and the construction of a road from
Astoria to Mist on the Nehal em river,
a distance of about 40 miles.
It is to be remarked that with the
passage of roads laws through the in
itiative and by the legislature, and the
placing of an expert Major W. H.
Bowlby at the head of the state high
way department, the prejudice is dis
appearing against programming the
highway work of counties and the state,
and against building the permanent
road.
No one now tries to contest that the
best way is to determine what roads in
a county 8e most necessary of Improve
ment, and which ofj these most naturally
relates to others in a continuing trunk
highway system. This way has not
been the way of the past In construc
tion popular approval has been advanc
ing along with changes in method from
dirt and macadam to hard surface. Mod
ern traffic Is heavy and moves swiftly.
It will not be long until the hard sur
faced road will be conceded best and
cheapest and no other will be built.
. Haphazard Methods Wasteful.
The comment that system and uni
form method have not been the practice
of the past Is remarkably supported in a
statement by County Judge 3. C Judd
of Clatsop county. What he says of
Clatspp county is Illustrative of the now
disapproved method In any Other Oregon
county:.
"The sum total spent in Clatsop coun
ty on roads and bridges during the last
eight years is $767,153.22. This money
has been distributed according to the
valuation among 22 road districts, and
It has been expended by 22 road super
visors in 22 different ways; each man
building his own road according to his
own individual Idea of how a road
should be built.
"Do you wonder that the roads of
Clatsop county, or any other county in
the state of Oregon which are built by
this kind, of a system are not better?
"During the past eight years the
people of Clatsop county have gone
down Into their pockets and dug up
$767,153.33 and I believe that I am safe
tin 'making the assertion that half of
this amount has been absolutely wasted,
thrown away, destroyed. Tet there are
among us - people willing to commend
this system."
The promotion of the definite items of
road building spoken of have been
engineered to a considerable extent each
by a separate organization.
. F,or Instance, the Columbia Highway
association has been back of the cam
paign to forward units of the great
trunk road's buildlnp: from Wasco coun
ty to the sea. With Multnomah and
Clatsop counties taking the lead, with
Columbia and Hood River counties fol-
I lowing close, the prospect of a great.
hard surface, general utility, magnifi
cently scenic highway that shall not
only lead to the ocean but for the first
time connect eastern and western Ore
gon by water grade highway, Is exceed
ingly good.
The vote for the Interstate bridge
over the Columbia river and for road
bonds in Jackson county' were both tri
umphs to be partially credited to the
Oregon division of the Pacific Highway
association. When the ' work of this
organization is finished It is believed
that In Oregon there will be, both east
and west of the mountains and along
the coast, splendid trunk highway, giv
ing the tourist opportunity to view the
scenla wonders of this state, yet having
also an Immense value In state 4evelop
ment. A Trl-State Good Roads association
has been formed and It will hold its
next meeting in iIedford during: the
year 1914. One of Its chief objects Is
to get the road construction of counties
under state supervision in Washington,
Oregon and California. Its first meet
ing was held In Eureka, Cal.
Stories might be told and instances
related of renewed r ad oulldlng energy.
In many eountles from Klamath on the
south to Baker on the north. There Is a
practical foundation for hope that the
old proportion of the. dollar appropri
ated for the road being actually worth
about 10 cents to the road will be re
versed and the waste be much less than
.. per cent. Then Oregon's maximum
development will have been assured,
A poultry, farm in New Jersey passed
the million mark for annual -egg pro
duction four years ago and has been in
creasing its, output steadily ever since.
PORTLAND'S streets are traversed by
more than 200 miles of car lines.
ThflA InfliMa tViA 1tr on, iihnihfin
lines of the P. R I & P. company and
the lines of the United Railways and
the Oregon Electric. The former com
pany operates over 300 miles of tracks.
which Include the lines to Eatacada and
Cazadero, Oregon City, Vancouver St
Johns and the Mount Hood line.
Twenty-six years ago there were 18
miles of car lines In the city. The Port
land Railway, Light & Power oompany,
organized seven years ago, represents a
consolidation of several companies,
which in urn represent consolidation of
earlier lines, so that as a matter of
fact 62 constituent companies form the
present company.
Portland has eight miles of street
car track for every 10,000 of popula
tion; Seattle has about the same, while
Los Angeles has nearly 11 miles, Denver
9 miles, San Francisco, Oakland, Berk
eley and Alameda together 8 miles, Kan
sas City 7 miles, Baltimore 7 miles,
New Orleans 6 miles and Cleveland 414
miles.
It Is possible for the passenger In
Portland to ride 18H miles for a single
fare; in Los Angeles- 18 miles, -In Cin
cinnati 17 miles and in Detroit, St.
Louis, Kansas City and Cleveland, 16
miles. The average length of a single
trip in Portland is 4.3 miles; and the
average number of passengers per trip,
32.2. There are at present 3200 em
ployes on the company's monthly pay
roll, which approximates $2a0,000.
For the seven years ending December
31, 1912, the company has spent $4,436,-
835 on its street railway lines, exclusive
of Interurban lines. Today there are 425
cars in service on the city lines alone.
In addition to this there are a consld
erable number of cars on hand for ex-
clusive Interurban service and for spe
cial rush occasions, the total number of
available cars being 68.
The three days on which the largest
number of fares have ever been col
lected In Portland are: June 10. 1911,
during the Rose Festival, when 372,285
fares were collected; June 16, 1812, also
during the Rose Festival, when 882,799
fares were collected, and July 11, 181 z.
during the Elk's Carnival, when 370,499
fares were registered.
The following table shows the growth
of the passenger business in Portland:
1907 60,115,222 1910 88,310,860
1908 65,196,914 1911 91.600,993
1909 77.019,803 19l"2 94.308,898
For the first 10 months of 1913 the
record shows the total number of fares
to be 78.460.522. Inasmuch as November
and December are heavy months, De
cember particularly, being the month
when Christmas shopping is being done,
the year will probably show a record of
somewhere between 96,000,000 and 97,
000,000 fares. Over 22 percent of these
fares are represented by transfers.
The Bank of California
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
of San Francisco
Founded 1864
Capital paid in - - - - $8,500,000.00
Surplus and undivided profits - $7,969,491.97
Commercial Banking and Savings Department
PORTLAND OFFICE
Third and Stark Streets
Mr. Business Man
Concentrate Your Advertising
by using the Country Press. Our list of 110 weekly HOME news
papers cover Oregon, Washington and Western Idaho more thor
oughly than any medium. Our pages are read closely. Our read
ers have money to spend. Most purchases are decided upon at
"Home."
Our Space costs but little. (Our representative wants to tell
you more.) Just phone or write the
PORTLAND NEWSPAPER UNION
94 FRONT STREET
Main 6464, A-2264
PORTLAND, OREGON
- P. O. Box 131
THE OCEAN-GOING
VESSELS ARE BUILT
st Helens. Dec. 30. The close of the
year finds St. Helens with an added
25 per cent to her population. She has
enjoyed a splendid growth during the
last year Industrially, and In building
and business. I
The shipyards have turned out three !
ocean going vessels during the year. ;
the Merced, Multnomah and the Celllo, '
which were added to the McCormick
fleet which is carrying millions of feet '
of lumber monthly from the St. Helens
mills to the California markets. The
block or paving cutters have been at
work throughout the year and have
turned out a product bringing large
revenues to this place. The Belgian
blocks made here ure not surpassed
In this state as to quantity or quality.
St. Helens has established a creosoting
plant during the year wMch employs a
goodly number of men and Is among
the largest plants of Its kind.
The quarries have been in operation
a good part of the year furnishing
thousands of yards of crushed rock and
forming an Important Industry. !
The fishing Beason has been about
normal employing about 150 men with
a catch of about 130,000. i
St. Helens has put In more than three
miles of sewer during the last year and
Is still extending the system.
Permanent street Improvement In all
directions have been extensively made
during the year.
St Helens' principal Industries are
fishing, lumbering,, quarrying, creosot
ing and ship building, with an aggre
gate monthly payroll of more than
1100,000. The population is slightly in ;
excess of 2000. '
Portland
Union Stockyards Co.
NORTH PORTLAND, OREGON.
The Only Union Stockyards on the
Pacific Coast.
Douglas County
Light and Water
Company
Electric light and power
for Roseburg, Sutherlin,
Oakland and any other
customer in that locality.
We have for sale now
1000 H. P. of surplus
power and solicit factor
ies, mills and large power
consumers as we are out
after new business. Apply
at the company's office in
Roseburg or 1302 Yeon
Building, Portland, Or.
Douglas County
Light
Company
Rope and Binder Twine
CLOVER LEAF BRANDS of Rope and
Binder Twine are known from Alaska to
Patagonia, and from the Coast to the Great
Lakes. Wherever the Four-Leaf Red Clover
Brand is seen it means excellence of quality.
Full stocks of all grades of Rope constantly on
hand. Binder Twine supplied m season.
It is now time to consider purchasing
Binder twine for 1914. The Clover Leaf
Brand is favorably known wherever used. It
represents the very best article that can be
made from Manila fiber. In contracting for
your season's supply of Binder Twine, or
when purchasing Rope, specify the Clover
Leaf Brand. Manufactured by
The Portland Cordage Company
, : -Factories- ,
Portland, Or.
Seattle, Wash.
tar Ere wery
The Northern Brewery Company.
Brewers and Bottlers of Its Famous Brand of
Beer:
Mop Gold
Rose-City
A Trial Will Convinve you
of Their Superior Excellence
OFFICE:
361 East Burnside- Street,
Portland, Oregon.
' Phones : East 46, B-l 146.
I l 1