THE OKEGOtf DAILY JOURNAL. PORTLAND. SATURDAY EVENING. DECEMBER . 27, 1913.
PORTLAND'S SCHOOL BUILDINGS OR MOST APPROVED ' TYPE
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PORTLAND
i
ELIMINATES
MACHIN
EM
ETHODS
DUCATING
CHILDREN
Old Way of Treating Young
People Alike Forsaken; Each
Child's Needs Studied,
; By V. U
rHAf we are trying to do In the
Portland schools," ald Buper
? lntendent L. R. Alderman, "le
ta develop -the beat there U In every
' CbiloV by treating him ae an Individual.
not as a machine.- In the paet it ha
been the boast of some school that all
' of their atudenU are treated alike. A
a master of fact no two children ehould
be treated alike. "What we are trying
to get away from la uniformity. Every
child has different needs and requires
Individual study and Individual treat
ment "The aim of the school Is to do for
all the children of all the people what
, the best parent would do for his own
fchlld if he could.
"Speaking as the city superintendent
of Portland's schools I want to have
. the students, the parents, the citizens
and the -teachers proud of our scnoois.
If I can do that, the problem of secur
ing good results will be solved.
"I want each principal to ' feel ' that
he Is responsible for his sohool and that
there Is a field for all the ability he
has In his school. His success Will de
pend not so much on what he does as
upon what he can Inspire his teachers
and students to do. The day has gone
by when the teacher who can keep the
best discipline is accounted the best
teacher; the day of the repression of
the child Is past. The best teacher is
the one In whose room there Is an air
of good will, good cheeiv of sympathy
and 'helpfulness.
Must BeUeve In Child.
"Many teachers are apt to Judge a
pupil by what he. has, not by what he
does. What we are striving for Is to
have every teacher look at the pupil in
the light of what he may be, in other
words the teacher must have faith In
the child. Sbe must put things in a
positive way, not a negative way. Bhe
tnust help the chlld have faith in him
self. "What we are most anxious for Is
the cooperation of the parents. We
want something they can't pay when
they pay their takes and that la their
best thought, their Interest, their co
operation and their time. It more
fathers and mothers would visit the
schools it wftuld be better for the
choolg, better for their children and
better for the teachers.
Education More Practical.
"We are trying to make the child's
education a more practical thing. We
are lessening the amount of arithme
tic in the lower grades. We are leaving
out technical grammar and putting in
, constructive English. We are having
-the ohHdren write letter and only the
nest ones are sent. An essay goes Into
the waste basket and gives Very llttlo
Incentive to the child to do his best
work, while a letter that Is mailed Is
read and valued. Incidentally we are
doing effective work for Portland's up-
. building as we are having the children
' write to their relatives in the east as
to Portland's opportunities and re
source. ',
"We are having 'the language sense
developed early in the children by hav
ing German taught In the sixth grade.
Borne wit study German, some Spanish
and some French.
7 "We are having" the -formal studies
in some of the schools taught only In
' the forenoon and their application given
In the afternoon, by having the teacher
take her pupils to visit some Industry, j
ucn as a dairy, a sawmill, a macnine
shop or a newspaper office.
Give Touch of Reality.
"Sometimes 'the children are taken
flown to the docks to- see foreign ships
being unloaded. ' Geography : becomes a
fascinating study when the children see
a ship from Ci :ll unloading coffee or
Borne other shly unloading Indigo,
ptces, pineapples and bananas. . Brazil
, Ceases to b a blue space on the map
after they have looked down the hold
of a ship that has just come from Bra
all and sniffed the strange and aromatic
Odors of Its cargo. We are trying to
hare them coordinate their studies. A
Tislt to the grocery store Is a study In
geography, history and language when
they learn that the grocer has products
from all over the world. Even arith-
. metio ceases to be dull and tins pupils
mere adding machines when they have
Visited a sawmill and applied their
arithmetic to live problems. Here for
example are the problems given to the
Children after visiting the Peninsula
Lumber MU1:
"The belt In' the engine room Is 60
feet' long and 85 inches wide. How
' many square Inches In ltT If it took
860 cattle to furnish the hides for this
belt "how many would It take to make
belt 40 feet long and 63 Inches wide?
Th ,head flier gets $17 a day but of
Which he pays two helpers, one $3.50
ana (She other $3 a day. How much does
IW head filer get per hour for a410
-hour, day? The saw runs at the rate of
.' tout Per second. How many miles
Wll; It-run in a working day of eight
hurs? , The band saw runs over two
B fipt- wheels and is 60 feet lqng. How
i 'inircli. of' its Jength is not resting on
t the. wiieela at one time?4; These and a
' jMrtire W 'similar fluestions based on their
rlslt tp the mill were the problems gfven
' to -thVlnth grade pupils at.- Irvington.
It, mak is their arithmetic' a real and
' yitai-tllng instead of njental drill.
' v , lectures for Parents.
jr"Mr6 "4nt the school houses to be of
f grrfuter .use so tha the taxpayer will
y lote for his . money which is In-
v Ji 'in ttyemi 'so were opening them
i lip in tite' evening for" the benefit of the
'taxpayers who foot the bills.,. We, are
Shaving, experts' from the, Oregon. Agrl
; Cultural , College, the sta.te university;
Jd colleger anirlsewh ere -give free
leoturesL;tV are going t gjve a course
. jif JcMuVs for; the mothers, 6n food val-
itert.y WeV.aro goinjf' W revive the olu
' tlrfiflf debuting,' society,; so - that : the
..fattier , and niotfterV and , children can
tntM tnpetherV The -problem of the child
-Is ,iu Hi home. 1 The school can help,
but after all the formative Influence of
t homo training la the thing that really
Influence the child's whole life;' hence
if we cun bring the children and the pa
, rents .Into , close .intellectual touch wo
.'wilt be doing serves to both. We want
?tht father f De a ohum of his boys
, ami the'mowuit of her girl. ' The only
waf to have the proper appreciation' of
, jtliB child )s to get , his, point of view.'
Training a child to be effective must
be a workt of lova, not a labor. To the
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ccKE-5rroKE school
Exatnples Of recent school building construction.
one who goes at It In that spirit It will
prove a Veritable fountain of youth.
"Here are a few facts that speak for
themselves. Portland has less illiter
acy than any large city with one ex
ception in the United States.
Over 33,000 School Children.
"There was a total enrollment of
pupils in the day schools at the close
of the term In June, 1918, of 81.468.
October 16, 1913, showed an Increase
of 1223 over the same period for the
previous year.
"We have 60 (school buildings, of
which 11 are of the new fire proof type.
In addition to the 60 school houses we
have 8 portable buildings to accommo
date the overflow who are unable to be
cared for in the regular building.
"The Trade school at the corner of
Tenth and Couch 1 overcrowded so we
have moved the domestic science de
partment to the Lownsdale school,
There are 47 Instructors and 436 pupils
at the Trade school. We need a new
Trade school.
"We have over 2500 studying In our
night schools. Whenever 16 people
want to study something we see that
a teacher Is provided for them.
'In our manual training we teach
more than 20 occupations Including
such things as bookbinding, work In
metals and leather. Jewelry and many
other useful trades. In the domestic
science course we teach dressmaking,
millinery, cooking and homem&klng. In
our two homemaking schools every kind
of work done In the home Is taught.
"We are conducting classes in the
Frazler Home, the Boys' and Girls' Aid
society and the .Florence Crittenton
Home. '
Bay Snrsery Established,
"tn connection with the Albina Home
stead school we have established a day
nursery for children less than 4 years
old for the benefit of working mothers.
"We have established hot lunch
kitchens In the Arleta and Llewellyn
Schools where children are served a hot
lunch for 6 cents. We are going to es
tablish a similar one in the school at
Montavllla.
"Fifty-one Parent-Teacher organiza
tions cooperate with the schools. We
have Installed an open air room at Ir
vington with 27 children In attendance.
"Last year over 8000 school children
had gardens. The Woodlawn School
took the first prize In garden work, be
ing adjudged the best In the United
States.
"We want Portland to be the most
beautiful, the most healthful and the
most advanced city in the United
States and we want her schools to b
best, the most useful and the most hu
mane in the United States. We want
them -to train our future citizens so
that Portland will stand In the forefront
of progress."
MAN
CONVENTIONS
Douglas County
Light and Water
Comp
Electric light ftrtd power
for Roseburg, Sutherlin, ;s
Oakland and any other
customer in that Ideality;
We have for sale now
10Q0 H. P. of .surplus
power and solicit factor
ies, mills and large power
consumers as we are . out -after
new business.-Apply
at the company's office
Roseburg or 1302 Yeon
Building; Portland,: Or.'-;
Douglas County
Light and Water.
Company..
y
HELD DURING YEAR
Portland Maintains Popularity
as Meeting Place for Many
Organizations.
Because of it accessibility from n
transportation standpoint and because
of the many points of Interest It holds
for out of town visitors, Portland is a
popular convention city. Meetings of
state, northwest and national signifi
cance are frequently held here, especial
ly In the summer months, when the
floral wealth is on display. Among
the conventions of tha present year
which brought hundreds of visitors
were the following:
Second annual Irrigation congress,
January 9-10-11.
Shingle Weavers' convention January
16-14.
Presbyterian board of homo and for
eign missions, April 23-26.
Faciflo Coast Epworth League con
ference. May tt-26.
State Threshermen's convention, June
6-6.
Oregon Federation of American 'Mo
torcyclists, June 9-10.
Architectural League of the Pacific
Coast, June 9-14.
Oregon Masonic grand lodges, Jane 10.
American and Pacific Nurserymen's
eonvention, June 16-17.
Pentecostal Church of the Nararene.
June 17-22.
Oregon Ploheers' association, June 19.
Western Oregon Seventh Day AJ
ventists, June 19-29.
Second World's Christian Citizenship
Conference, June 29-Juiy 0. I
Women of Woodcraft, July 81-August
10.
Grand lodge. Knights of Pythias, Oc
tober 13-14.
Oregon Congress of Mothers, October
12-28.
Oregon Bar association, November
lf-20.
Oregon Poultry and Pef Stock asso
ciation, December 1-6.
Oregon State Hotel association, Dec-ember
6-6.
Portland annual Stock Show, Decem
ber 8-13.
Oregon State Horticultural associa
tion, December 10-12.
Mark Twain's Sens of Taste.
Mark Twain was playing golf on a
well known English course. In try
ing to make a very long brassle shot
Twain tore up considerable turf an-1
4 chunk of dirt hit him squarely In
the face. The Englishman he was
playing with, seeking to relieve the
embarrassment of his guest, remarked:
"By the way. Mr. Twain, how do you
like our course?"
"Fine," said Twain. "I think It Is
the best I have ever tasted. '
The Bank of Personal Service
Th6 Reason ft Out Steady Growth
Our-. directors are men Vprominent in the business,
professional ahd public lifef Portland.
Our officers have had long financial and banking
experience.
Our clerks are competent and courteous.
This explains the perfect banking service we ren
der our depositors.
We are fully equipped ttt handle all branches of
Commercial business.
Our savings department pays 4 interest.
We invite your patronage.
MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK
Under Government Supervision.
Pounded 1888. Washington and Fourth Streets.
SPECIALIZATION IS AIM OF
OREGON'S PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Present Educational Trend Is to Develop the Child Accord
ing to His Ability Statistics on School Attend-
ance and Teaching Force.
Os
July 1, 111, J. A. Churchill be
came superintendent of public in
struction. Mr. Churchill was born
In Lima, Ohio, on October 14. 1862. Ht
came to Oregon in 1891. He Went to
Baker, Or., where for 22 years he was
superintendent of the - Baker City
schools.
"Every man has his own Ideas and
hie own ideals," said Mr. Churchill.
My ideal Is to see that every child In
Oregon gets an education that will pre
pare him for some particular thing. In
other words, I want to develop the indi
viduality of the child. I want to have
him shooting to hit, not shooting at
the whole circumambient atmosphere.
If he is forced towards some particular
goal and not drifting aimlessly, throum
school, he is much more apt to make a
suocess of Ufa, What I want the teach
er to do is to find the child's aptttu.U
and capability and shape the child's
course accordingly'. "A teacher can In
no way 'better prove her merit -than I
In studying tile Individual child and not
teaching them in th mass. If a boy
Is not going into the hlrh school, he
should Hot be given technical grammar.
In other words, what- a teacher must
remember, all of 'the time. Is that the
child should be learning for life, not
for school.- .'. : "... r-i .v
"I am preparing In my office a -survey
of thq vocations, giving ' a list of
a hundred vocations for boys and a hun
dred for girls. With this list, if tha
teacher is a real teacher, and interest
ed in her work, she can be studying
the aptitude 'of the Child so that she
can give htm literature that pertains
to the vocation thU he is planning
for. . v
"It is dangerous to use national sta
tistics ana use them lot-ally. :Tou can
prove almost anything from such statistics.-
For example, if yoir take the
foreign population of our big cities
the negro population of the south and
nee these figures as Btattstfcs for pre
gon, you will miss the mark very far.
Here 'In Oregon, I 'believe that fully 2i
per cent of the -graduates: of our high
schools go to col'ege, I believe from
40 to 50 per cent of the graduates of
the grammar schools enter high school.
Short-sighted economy. v.
, "During the pant year 1 have traveled
all over the state studying conditions
and familiarizing myself with the edu
cational needs of the state.' One thin
t but, the county that economises onl
the salaries of their teachers is prae
ficing poor economy, for the teacher
is going to go where he or she can 1o
best. - ." ...
"In 1911 we had '4969 teachers, in 1912
we had 5189 teachers. In 1912 we have
nearly 6600 teachers. Our normal school
turns out about 25 graduates a year to
fill over five thousand positions is not '
making a very satisfactory showing.
As yoa know, a teacher cannot teach m
the Oregon high eehoois without .beina
a university graduate, and after 191b
no teacher can teaci without profession
al training, and by that I mean train
ing in methods, teaching practice, psy-.
eology and history of education.
"Oregon has failed to give its insti
tutions of higher learning the support
they deserve. However, since the defeat
of the referendum measure On the uni
versity appropriations, the ontlook is
more hopeful. Every dollar spent n
our universities mfeans a benefit to Our
schools. You will see from the small
numoer ef graduates of our universities
and normal school that We must diN .
pend on outside teachers, and, yet there
is vn6 reason why we should hot hav
our own home-trained teachers, trained
In Oregon Institutions. They are In
sympathy with Oregon methods - and
are familiar with Oregon -conditions
and their work should be better- than
that of one who is strange t6 eur.sta't
and methods. , r ,
Teach the Child, Jfdt the Bvhject
"The day of repression is gone. The
day of the development of the individ
uality of the child Is here. If e. child
Is Interested in his work, he will not
need rules and repression. The only
rule any teacher should have for the
ealld is to do right The teacher 13
school to help form character ' and to
make good cltisens."
THE CANADIAN BANK OF COMMERCE
HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO, CANADA
Established 1867 1 "
A. General Banking Business Transacted
Interest Paid on Time Deposits
Portland Branch:
CORNER SECOND and STARK STREETS
Mr. Business Man
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paper cover Oregon. Washington and Western Idaho more thor-
oughly than any medium. Our pages are read closely. Our read
ers have money to spend. Most purchases are decided upon at
y uur bpace costs but little. (Our representative wants to tell
you more.) Just phone or write the , , .
PORTLAND NEWSPAPER UNION
94 FRONT STREET
v. Main 6464, A-2264
PORTLAND. OREGON
. t v P.O. Box 131
Jill This batik has a thoroughly equipped plant, ' if
an efficient staff, ample capital large re-- - - " ' P
sources, a strong directorate, capable officers ' . . , 1 ,'
- - : Lumbermen ".. " f
. : National Bank -
' . . CORNER FIFTH AND STARK
Roiircw ' 7 . Millions '