.1; 8 THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAN D, FRIDAY EVENING,- DECEMBER 12, 1913. Tjrr. fJ" DM A 1 I else's property. Men who kill In sources Dy Dimainf good road and 1 Pin K Jl JrvlNlMl la moment of passion are sent to placing the profits either In the irn. r..D1.. the nenitentiaries or nangea. mey uum ur into me von. i roo- f.iCTi.n.f I must atone for their crimes a-ualiaunr' ola fWr-Atflllir Marn1n Ins. nniaitwa am) Vm i.lic4 at law Miu((lr at 1'urtiaud. Ur., Iir iianaanaaioa Mroaf a tM SMlia aa mcobs aianer. IkLkl'huNK Main JUS; Hum A-SWH. All apaatiaents n-achad hr Ibm nnmbara. TH ibf nnrn ror rhr department jrna want. luuiun AbVKUi'iuiNi ktifHiwa:.TA'rirs i Btujanla KmUkt Ce.. BruoawlcH IM Firm inauf, New Vertj U1S Panels' iaa BnlMlaa-. Caleas". ; kubkcnpcma larsM er null or u aaj aoaraaa hi tae Unltad Stale or Maziest DAILY . . OH iM $8.00 I On nxatt M ? 8DNOAT . Osa year W-W I On month h . DAILY AND SUNDAY . Ooa jraar ......;TA) I On aaoath I Ah, the key of our life, tint PUNI all wards, opens all locks. Is not I will, but I must, I must, I must and I do It. A, II. dough. It. Is perity held old residents In these auuuajri ana Hght that 'society have protection counties and attracted other people ,MiM. 't'LdQr' against wrongdoers. It Is advisable anxious to get on in the world. The that men who commit crime should otner group siept on Us opportunl be taken In hand by the law and. ties. It tolerated bad roads, and cured, If possible, of their vicious-, the conclusion Is Inevitable that Jt Dess or weakness. i tolerated other things equally as The law carefully distinguishes expensive. These counties stag- betwoen crimes which ..result ' from nated; old residents moved out, and premeditation and those which rise there was nothing to attract new In sudden Impulse. The former ; residents are punished more severely because I Without good roads full develop- they have the element of malice, ment of a community cannot be -ex Such criminals- are accorded little : ported. Poor roads impose a heavy or no consideration, not aione De-, uauuicap on inausiry ana natural cause they kill, but on account of resources. They causo the pro their utter disregard for the rights iaucer to sacrifice too large a per- of others. These criminals ere in-.centage of the products of his toil tent upon their own purpose; no-, No part of a county's Interests can develop fully without good, roads. 'Ifi - 5f SPAXKED? body else's life or happiness is of any consequence. What Is the difference between gjmen who deliberately kill and other men whose deliberate criminal care lessness results In the taking of life? The Pennsylvania courts say that you may, by criminal neglect, kill seventy-four people, as long as FLIPPANT cartoon In a Port land paper would convey the lmnresslon that In Tuesday's election the city commission- yu nave the money to make some crs were spanked by the voters. Spanked? For what? Spanked, for refusing to grant crooked franchises? - Spanked, for kicking a crooked lobby out of the council chamber and out of the city hall? - Spanked, for lifting the police ;' court out of Its degradation and for I the THE FEE INFAMY jl kind of ca6h. a percentage settlement in A AS MOLE SQUEAKS FLAMING sword in the at tack on the new tariff bill at the Oregon Woolgrowers meeting was the secretary of National Woolgrowers' Asso making it respectable and re-1 elation, spected? I He was doubtless sent here to Spanked, for flooding the police lead the onslaught. The National JAnawttMAnt l t Vi Visa aa A O Tf 1 1 trVi f f I A aaAt(A Haii f ami f 11 fira has Investigation? always duped the National Wool- Spanked, for decreeing a slx-for- growers' Association into an alll Quarter streetcar fare? ance for using the government for Spanked, for catting out the graft the exploitation of American con- and the dead wood and inangurat- Burners. Incidentally, for its activ Ing systematic business methods in ity In past campaigns and at Wash all, city departments? Ington, the National Association of n . - , . , , i . I It . . ... V. UAn 1 1 OPanKeu. lOr BDOllSning a naD-1 ranuuiaciuicia uon uccu iuuuu (un haiard system of purchasing sup- ty of "Improper" conduct. 'dies that the bureau of municipal! Meanwhile the new tariff bill has research declared was eostine the Dassed because a congress ana a city $100,000 a year In waste? president were elected on their ex Spanked, for revoking from city pliclt pledge to reduce the tariff " government the old atmosphere of Reduction was promised the people distrust, suspicion and fear, and es- by Mr. Taft and his platform In tabllshing instead an order to which 1908, and on that promise he was everybody has faith, trust and con- elected president. Instead . of re- fidence in the integrity, purity and ducing the tariff, congress raised it, honor of public. authorities? land Mr. Taft signed the bill Spanked, for an earnest, whole-1 The very next chance they got hearted,., unselfish, honest and de- the people voted out the Republican voted endeavor to purify, uplift and house and voted in a Democratic ffectnalize city administration? house on the tariff issue. They y. DD&uA,eu, lur vxieriuiu&iuiB ma i aiou iouicu laieo uuujuui ui iht tribe of Big Business agents who publican senators and filled their used to whisper into the ears of places with Democratic senators councilmen on the floor of the coun-1 It was the demand of the people ell chamber with the council in for revision of the tariff downward cession? In a platform pledging reduction, Spanked, because these are lean Woodrow Wilson was elected presi- tlmea for the gentlemen who thrive dent by the largest plurality ever on Juicy contracts, fat franchises given in an electoral college. He and secret partnerships with big of- carried every state in the Union but Ilclals at the city hall? four There is nothing to spank the Three times the people demanded commissioners for. The minor mis- revisions downward. Three times takes of honest men are not the they penalized the party that failed guilty and unpardonable offenses to reduce the tariff. The Republi- ot unworthy men. can party in the nation Is crushed and broken, is a disheartened and battered organization, and the rock on which It went to deces waa Its OURTS are following the gen- persistent standpatism, its persist erai stream oi social ana ent refusal to give the people the morai tendencies, necenuy a promised tariff reduction rortiana juage upneia the The shrieks of the srentleman who uregon law creating me tnaustrlai came from utah t0 instruct Oreeon !i Welfare Commission. The ruling woolgrowers on how to resolute are . was to the effect that If labor condi- aa moie squeaks In the teeth of a it tlons can be regulated by law in the hurri.nn Th vnM omna on Interest Of health. Safety and nlnnlvA iittrano.M nf an F.aRtern RECENT COURT DECISIONS HE net approved earnings of the clerk of the federal court of Oregon for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, totaled $12,465.16. This does not include the earnings of the clerk in natur alization matters. The information appears In the annual report of the attorney gen eral of the United States, and is found on page 50. The report carries the further information that twelve districts are permitted to exact double the fees taxable in other districts of the country. The double fee districts and the net earnings of clerks for the fiscal year of 1913 are: Arizona, $6803; New Mexico, $10,94 7; Northern California, $12,817; Southern Cafl fornia. $9291; Idaho, $7181; Mon tana. $9720; Nevada, $3640; North Dakota, $7021; Oregon, $12,465.16; Washington, eastern, $7767; Wash ington, western, $12,92S; Wyom ing, $7662. t seems incredible that this princely compensation should have been maintained through all these years without protest until public attention was called to it by The Journal. It is astonishing that the double system of fees should have been imposed upon litigants all these years. There are lawyers in Portland who have reported to this newspa per that they have had clients who were compelled by the extortionate fees to give up appeals, and were forced by the expense to let their cases go by default. Richer liti gants were actually able to win against some of them, even after the poorer clients had won in the lower court No such status should ever obtain In a sanctuary dedicated to Justice and maintained in the name of Jus tice. Not until a poor litigant can carry nis cause through to the court of last resort, if need be, will a court be the exalted tribunal that is the national Ideal. What an absurdity when the cleTflf of. a jourt, through a system of double fees, receives a compen satlon more than double that of the Judge on the bench? crement valuea in several ' foreign countries, notably Great Britain and Germany. , The practices in those countries Is to 'impose the tax at the time land is transferredrom one owner to another. The tax varies with the amount of increase in value and with tlie number of years that have elapsed since' the las't transfer. The New York commission sug gest another plan as more uni- form. The recommendation 'is that! an Increment tax of one per cent be levied annually upon all Increases In land values as shown by com parison with assessed valuations of the year 1912, this tax to be in ad ditlon to the general tax levied upon all real estate. If a piece of property should In crease in value from $100,000 to $110,000 In a year, the owner, under the commission's plan, would be required to pay the general tax on $110,000 and in addition an increment' tax of one per cent on 10,000, or $100. In succeeding years the owner would be required to pay one per cent annually on the assessed value in excess of the original valuation. But where the ddltional assessment Is due to lm provements made upon the property the increment tax would not apply. The New York commission's rec ommendations are significant In that they are evidence of a general movement toward discouraging the land speculator. PERTINENT COMMENT AND NEWS IN BRIEF SMALL CHANQK The poor we always have with us, especially as Christmas comes flying There continue to be" a xeat numbor ot humbugs agreeable to a great many people. It is a sad thins; when a bridegroom's or a .brides smile changes Into a scowl, . , -r- Judging from their tendon pictures, Bayre et Vx are in love with each other. even yet. Young man. there may be - bettet places than the navy for you, but thsr are many worse places. O, somehow, half blindly, we as city, county, and state, stumble along; we'll it ib nun biiu nappy yet. The country would fce glad If a lot of those currency bill critics would take a long vacation hibernate, Two men were Jailed for robbing a man of 20 cents. But that was all he had, so a good deal to him. Governor Johnson nf nnllfnmla the Progressive party Is In a "crisis. ' And Roosevelt 10,000 miles awayl OREGON SIDELIGHTS The Coos Bay Harbor Is now setting its own type with Its own typesetting machine. v a With the city budget of $101,588.78 as a basis tor the boast, the Democrat asserts that the city of , Baker "as a business proposition is assuming an Itri portance, even more than many people realise" ... . . ..... The Salem." BtaTesmaiT In Its B0-years. ago column says: "The Daily Oregon Statesman waa published every evening except Hunday by the uregon mming and Publishing company. Subscriptions sold for 110 per year, 30 cents per week or 12 H cents per copy." a . Mayor Marvin of Wallowa has caused to be published in the Wallowa Sun a notice that the law prohibiting th said of tobacco to minors will hereafter be strictly enforced and that the city mar shal has been Instructed to arrust any one found violating It. a A postal card received by the editor of the Joseph Herald from C. M. Shref fler, who recently bought a Jewelry store at his old home town of Oberlin, Ohio, concludes as follows: "More smoke and noise here than in Joseph also more snow and Ice much worse than evr seen at Joseph." IN EARLIER CfAYS. By Fred LockJey. v?M;l NO NEW MONROE DOCTRINE Whether there will be harmony in baseball circles during the com ing season can well be questioned At first glance there is apparently an ill balanced quartet In the field with a "Tener" at the head of the baseball commission; a first, second and third "base" but no baritone. A shir(t with a removable collar band ia the latest. With what glee the artist of the laundry will re turn your shirt hooked up with the band of the fat man around the corner. Letters From the People (Com tundra tlona lent to Tbe Journal fnr pub lication Id ttila department abould be wrlttan on oniy one aide or toe paper, anoaia nut exceed 800 worda In lenctb nod mutt be accompanied or tba nam and addreaa of the aendar. It tbe writer doea not dealra to hate Us name pnb- usoea, lie anouid ao atate.) "Dlscuialon li tbe greeteat of an reformers. It ratlonalliea eterjtbliie It toucbea. It rohe prloclplea of all false eaoctlty and tbrowa tbem back on tbrlr reaaonableneaa. If the hare ro reasonableneaa. It mtbleia'.y eruabea them out of existence and aets up Ita own conclualun in their atetd." Woodrow Wllaon. THE TAX PROBLEM J morals, laws fixing living wages are Orecon sheen baron and his rn-la ;j constitutional because they supple- borer Mr. Kay, are as the breath of mem vwer euttcuucuiB aireauy ie- a Bparrow in the path of the aroused m. vtoivu millions or American consumers ,t ine united states supreme court wno are taxed on their woolen nas just aeciaea an.iuinois case in- g00ds, taxed on their cotton goods, - volving the employment of minors. taxed on their shoes, taxed on all tThe Illinois child labor law pro- thev wear, taxed on all thev sat jvldes that an employer cannot rely taxed on everything they use for on statements oi minors as to their shelter, taxed at birth, taxed at , .6so, uui mum aoi-crmm mr aimseii death, and taxed all the way from ine. actual age oi a cnna applying the cradle to the grave rior wo. inis provision of the The sheep baron on his thousand rewiuie was especially auacKea. hills and the rich wool manufac- - justice Hugnes, who wrote the turer know nothing of the strug M coun s opinion, saia mat u a state gles of average men, and care .tt- may prohibit the employment of tie about "the cots whore Door men children, it may prescribe condi- He and the chores that noor mpn nons or sucn employment, within ri - - - - , fi reasonable limits, without violating C the guaranties of personal liberty and property. At San Francisco recently the United States district court sus tained a law providing that nurses shall not work more than eight hours a day In any hospital. The Judge said the law is a necessary 1 protection of, rather than an arbi- i trary discrimination against, women J In the nursing profession. . These and other decisions are eviujjwuiB ui ma iiuieis. i ney are evidence that courts are getting away from the worship of property lights as against human rights. ATONING FOR CRIME WO years ago the Austin dam In Tiogo county, Pennsylvania, broke and sent a vast volume of water down the river val- 4 ley Villages were swept away and 7 4.' people lost their lives in the i flood. The dam was built and a Owned by private corporation purely as a commercial enterprise. The dam was neglected, and re f peated warnings that it was unsafe g were Ignored. .'Criminal' and civil proceedings were brought against the company, and now, after two years, it has , been decided by .the courts that the i company wat not criminally guilty. Death claims - aggregating about $$00,000 are to be paid, although the breaking of the dam destroyed i a million dollars' worth of property. ! - Men who steal bread are sent to 4 Jail. V They must' atone ' for" the I heinous crime ' of taking somebody PROSPERITY AND ROADS si M' ETHODS of proving the eco nomic value of improved highways are almost count less, for from whatever standpoint the question is ap proached the conclusion is always the same. The United States of fice of public roads has collected some Interesting statistics showing the relation between roads and a community's population and devel opment. Twenty-five counties, taken at random from twelve states, de creased. 77,825 in population be tween 1890 and 1900. It waa an average decrease of more than 3000 tor each county. The road im provements in these counties were oply 1,5 per cent during the ten year period. In the same states, 25 other counties where road Improvement was 40 per cent during the same period Increased in population 778, HICAGO people are confronted by a twenty per cent increase In their taxes, (That city has an antequated and unfair sys tem for the collection of revenue, and the Increase In taxes is calling attention to the system's rank in justices between individuals. The Record-Herald says. As things stand, our so-called "grene eral property tax," so generally evaded as to intangible personality, is op pressive and discriminatory in effect, and every additional dollar exacted of the man or woman who can't or won't evade the letter of the law spells not only a hardship but an intensified feeling; of wrong and injustice. It is urged that nothing is more Important In Illinois than- tax re form, the installation of a system which will distribute tax burdens equitably. The offenders against Justice are not only people who evade payments on personality, but also the many others whose real estate is assessed disproportionate ly low. Tax experts are doubtful whether any system can be devised which will uncover all personal property subject to taxation. But real estate stands out in the open; it can be easily located, and its true value can be ascertained. There is no excuse for taxing one man's home twice as much proportionately as another man's home. It 13 com munity robbery of one man for the benefit of another. The Record-Herald eays that if Chicago had required real efficiency and economy in city government and had possessed a scientific and reasonable system of taxation, no increase in taxes would now be necessary. Both collection and ex penditure of taxes are Involved in a municipality's financial problem. Efficiency in expenditures alone will not solve it; there must also be ef ficiency in collections. Portland taxpayers should, not limit their demands to the question of expenditures. An adequate sys tem for assessing property for tax ing purposes is available to the a" Ul "ea i county board, the members of which to each county. , a fc taxpayers the Somers There may have been ether con-.! lan" The county board has ,t n!?U!tl fh 77;?25 de1within its power to make real es- i4o,ooo increase, crease and tho but the figures are a fair illustra tion of the relation between pros perity and roads. Officials who collected the statistics, say the two groups of counties were about equally matched as to healthfulness, fertility , and other' natural advan tages. The difference in growth came through a difference- between ths people themselves. One .group developed its ro tate assessments clent. honest and effl- UNEARNED INCREMENT; NEW YORK : cominission, re porting on new sources of city revenue, suggests a tax on future Increases -in land values. Attention is called to the fact that provision has been made for the taxation of unearned in- A Plan for Peace in Mexico. Portland, Or., Dec 11. To the Editor of The Journal Kindly grant me space in The Journal to express my regret that a plan, which occurred to me, by which, If it could have been acted upon at the time of Us . suggestion, peace and official order could undoubtedly have been restored In our neighboring country of Mexico within a few days, was not applied. The proposition was for the governors of all the states of Mexico jto first agree, by dispatch, to unite In restor ing' peace. Then call their representa tive assemblies and secure their con sent a"d aid. Having secured this ab solutely necessary support, the gov ernors should have held a convention, or consultation, by correspondence, and agreed to call an armistice of all bellig erent forces until an election could be held and a president and proper repre sentatives of all the states for the gen eral government assemblies elected. The governors should have agreed that they would furnish due protection and par don to all belligerents who obeyed their united order for a halt until after a general election, also declaring their united purpose to supporfr and defend the president and the representatives then elected by the people, without re gard to any contending factions, ex cept and insofar as their present posi tions might aid or facilitate the work of restoring a general government, and holding the necessary election for such purpose. During this period of peace a vigor ous missionary work should have been carried on by tbe ministers of all the churches, aided and supported by the governors and army officers, all the belligerent armies meantime being brought together and trained in their duties to their country and the people as their protectors, and In the method of using the highest up-to-date army efficiency in fulfilling this extremely obvious duty. Each state government could also have a good supply of munitions. The quantity which each should hold could be decided by the governors' council. A neat squad of the most truly loyal people could be trained at the capital of each state to guard the requisite sup plies, as these are assembled. Although contending witn a series or difficulties during the last summer, the writer outlined the above plan, but so far has not been able to secure that attention which such a plain, simple, yet obviously practical plan calls ror. The altogether unnecessary suriering of-the people In the war zones of that country fuirly maKes my Heart Dieea. Hoping that some measures will be tak An tt an early date by the state governments In Mexico to secure settled From the Tacoina Tribune. Some of the newspapers and political Jingoes profess to believe "that President Wilson Is undertaking a modification of tho Monroe Doctrine in his dealings with Mexico, in that ho has accepted the moral aid of European natlpns In mak ing Huerta's position untenable. These Jlngoists Insist that it Is establishing a precedent which will justify European countries hereafter in Interfering In the management of affairs on the western hemisphere. This la a misinterpreta tion of the history and purpose of the Monroe doctrine. Tho Monroe Doctrine was more an ex pression of sentiment than of alarm. It was born not so much from hostility to Europe as from sympathy for repub licanism. Backward countries, shaking off foreign domination, had set up gov ernments modeled on the plan of our own. , The experiment Was not Immediately successful. From the Rio urande to Terra del Fuego there was anarchy and confusion. There was civil war as mili tary adventurers. In the grip of mean ambitions, struggled for mastery. But we retained a arand raltn in tne superi ority of the republican form of gov ernmentbelieved that the poorest gov ernment founded on consent waa better than the best founded on force, and that the evils disclosed were merely the growing pains of liberty. We protested against wnat we canea he European "system" the system, as t then existed, mat assumed inai some peoples and some olasses within-peoples were unfit for seir-governmeni. ana that it was the business of the strong and the capable to buss the weak and the incapable. We asserted the general applicability of our political formulas and insisted that the backward peoples, buck ward because long oppressed, could not be developed by more oppression that the only way for them to learn wan to learn in the hard school of ex perience. The generation that fathered the Monroe Doctrine was the generation that asked every foreign traveler who strayed our way: "What do you think of our institutions?" A fine sophomoric spirit with respect to democracy was abroad in the land. Every school reader has fine selections emphasising the beauties of democratlo republicanism. wo regarded ourselves as a peculiar vwvf wnuae example was to transform the World until nowhr nrlvlloe-M r.r privileged classes existed. President Wilson Is an American who ins SOmetninaT of tha nA n(Ht If. does not accept the doctrine, popular "uiiie recent Americans, that the iuwan peonio are lnoannhl. nf oping self-government. H ia nnnm to the rule of usurping dictatorships for the same reasons that his a-mmi rth uyposea ia rule of governor generals. He recognises the fact that any "con stitutional" government Mexico Is likely to secure will be a most imper fect one. But he sees no hope of per manent peace except by proceeding along the road of constitutionalism. He has no Illusions as to Carranza and the men associated with him, but it la something that they profess belief In constitutionalism, whereas the Huerta Idea is to murder every one who dares preach its doctrines. After two generations of turmoil the countries of South America, except Ven ezuela, have established stable repub lican governments. In Central America Costa Rica and Salvador seem to have entered into republican peace, and San Domingo has made a fair start thereto. Conditions are still bad In Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, Hayti and Mex ico. But there Is basis for hoDs that even these countries are tnnrnuhlmr the end of the era of rvnintinnrv disturbance. Whoever Is Huerta's suc cessor. It Is Improbable that he will set up or auempt to set up another Dlas tyranny. . Even ths Uonary in Mexico by this time sees that no strong man' is able to guarantee peace that there Is more to govern ment than the maintenance of an army. 4nnpMnn in Boston ner the inefficient distribution of charity that caused tha condition which led these men to ac cept ten cent lodgings In a death trap. The real cause la a system in which tha arriimuiatinsr millions which you de- m mnat be augmented by the major portion of the weaun proaucea oy and every man wno tons ana wmca viv vides that no man may work to earn even the necessaries of life unless such work yields this toll of profit. Tour closing words propose no rem edy for this: "Yet, some time, somenow, somewhere, there Is going to be In this world a spirit of accounting for eyen the sparrow's fall. In that splendid time, in this land Inundated with riches, there Will be universal agreement for a plan of distribution tnat win arivo out poverty and solace the sorrows of the luckless." There Is little consolation in this for the victims who are now suffering the tortures of the present system. What we want is immediate and continuous consideration of "a plan of distribution that will drive out poverty" until such plan shall be perfected and put into practice. We do not look forward to universal agreement with a plan of this kind. Never since history began has a privileged class voluntarily re linquished Its privileges. We do not desire that the masters become philan thropists and turn their billions into a charity fund for our relief. We do not ask for charity, but we demand Justice ami the insistence of our demand Is ffrowina- stronger every day. We pro pose the cooperative commonwealth as a solution of, this problem and unless someone can offer a plan that will es tablish social Justice more quickly and easily our proposition will most certain ly be In working order before many decades have passed. E. ROLLA BUSH. such statement But I do say that It would be a good many years before a poor young man. trying to start a home on a new place, either in country or city, would get any benefit from a law like that, and right at the time that he should have some help to get started, this, law would work directly against him by raising the rate on the assessed valuation of hla real estate. If. we would help the present condition of our country we must pass laws that will help the poor man to get a start. The rich and well-to-do do not need any help. Let the poor man's assessment reach $1500 before he Is taxed GEORGE HICINBOTHAM. The Law m to Catting Trees. Portland. Dec. 12. To the Kdltor nf The Journal For the Information of our city school teachers, who are asking their pupils to bring in Christmas trees, I wish to state through The Journal, that It is a punishable offense to cut trees or hack or In any way destroy any trees or shrubbery on any. Drooertv. whether fenced or not, without the con- of the United States. sent oi me owner, it is, as 1 under- stand the law, a penitentiary offense to wilfully or maliciously destroy other people's property, and this should be taught, at hosne and in public schools. A SUBSCRIBER. Aa you pass 68S First street In South Portland you will often see on old gen tleman on tne porch or, if the. weather Is rough, you may see him sitting by wi wmuuw. mis neard is gray; 'his hair Is white;, his shoulders are stooped as though he had done his share of work. His faoe'-la a .typical North of England face, His name Is William Stobbard. He was born ,88 years ago at uarungton, In the- county of Durham, In the north of England. Whllnanin. prentice In an English machine shop he helped repair the first, locomotive ever built, George Stephenson's englim "Locomotion" or "Puffing Billy," as It was usually called. ; His lifetime spans the railroad history or the world. He waa bora in 1826. the year in which the first railroad was bunt, and it ran from' his "birthplace at Darlington, to Stockton. ' , In 1829 three locmotlves were sent from England -to the United States. On August 8. 1829, "The Stourbridge Lion." one of the newly arrived locomotives, was tried out at Honesdale, Pa. The first railroad to be built for actual service in the United States was the line from Quiney to Neponset in Massachusetts, it was three miles long and the train was pulled bv a horsu. During the same year, 1828, construe-. tion on ttie Mauch Chunk railroad In Pennsylvania, was begun. The road was completed th following year. Shortly thereafter the Delaware & Hud son Canal company built the longest railroad In the United States. It ran from Carbondale to Honesdale, Pa., a distance of 16 miles. In 18S0 construc tion was begun on the South Carolina railroad, the first American railroad to be built with the idea of using loco motives exclusively as motive power. This same year the Baltimore & Ohio which had ben started two years pre viously, completed its track from Balti more to Elllcott s Mills, Md., a distance of IS miles. The following year, 18S1, the West Point foundry built a locomotive which was christened the DeWltt Clinton and which was placed In service on the Hudson & Mohawk road. The public clamor against the locomotive as a aangerous vehicle, apt to kill both roan and beast, was stilled by the statement of the owners of the railroad that as they could not make a maximum speed of over 12 miles an hour, both men and animals would have plenty of time to get out of the way. The railroad timetable of today Is a complicated and wonderful affair. Here Is a copy of one of the early-day time tables, as published in the Philadelphia Chronicle: "Notice: The locomotive en gine built by Mr. W. Baldwin of this city will depart dally when the weather la fair with the passenger train: on rainy days horses will be attached to the train." Nothing very abstruse and complicated about that timetable, la there? In 1832 the Baltimore & Ohio an nounced that thereafter horses would no longer be used and that every train. both freight and passenger, would b pulled by a locomotive. John Metcalf, my great uncle, lived at Northumberland near Schuylerville, In Saratoga county, New York. In my library I have one of his oooks entitled "United States Register." It contains 81 pages of official description of the United States army and navy and gives much curious Information as to our post roads and canals and railroads. It was printed In 1837. It says: "We now have 26 states and two territories, Flor ida and Oulsconsln. There Is also the Missouri territory, lying northwest of the state Of Missouri and west of the Mississippi river. It extends west to the RoCky mountains and is principally a wilderness. The country between these mountains and the Paclflo octian, bor dered on the north by the Russian pos sessions and on the south by the Mex ican states Is denominated Oregon Ter ritory. Neither of these extensive tracts are yet WRanizcd." It refers to Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Missouri as the far western states. It gives th list of all the railroads in the United States, with their total mileage of SS0 miles. Against this total of less than 1000 miles of railroad It gives tho length of the post roads as 104.4t miles. It devotes pages to the ranu' routes, steamboat routes and post ro I routes, but a half page is sufficient to take care of the whole railroad system The following YOUR MONEY By John SI. Oskison. Criticises Game Laws. Portland, Or., Dec. 11. To the Editor of The Journal In nearly every paper I pick up I read that someone has been arrested or beaten up by some game watchman who happens to bejleputlzed. The laws in Oregon ought to be so changed that all people alike could hunt. The people could pay to owners of land or lakes so much a day to hunt. As it Is now rich men buy up all the lakes and have them for tnelr own hunt ing. I do not thinK this is ralr. Poor people have no way of hunting, for there d..a In irn and hunt, aa thav conditions, with the peace and plenty it , inched" for trying to hunt on the would bring, I remain a hopeful and f" ... th( eone do not have staunch friend of our neighboring re public. The course outlined would cre ate a precedent for all future settle ment of similar difficulties in Mexico. J. ALBK1UUT. lakes. All the people ao not nave ns much show to have ducks as these rich men do that control lakes. There are no ducks sold in the markets, and people who cannot shoot them have no way to obtain them. There is no sport in Our Responsibility. More tnan tnlBi n' seems to me the Portland. Dec. 11. To the Editor or h. a the lakes are a sort of cow- The Jpurial In your editorial entitled anjg. They come down early, before "The Responsibility." appearing De- i aayiight, and stay hid behind blinds so cember 6," you describe, truthfully and.duCkS can't see them. They then with unusual force a world wide con- siaUghter the ducks as the butcher does ditlon that has more significance than Bheep or rattle at a slaughter house, manv are willing to admit. I cannot Thero is no sport in this kind of hunt- agree with you, however, that it is the lng City Of UOSIon inai is rrainwuiuio j Home oi inose waicnmen minK tney the death of these 28 men. You say: I can chase you off places outside of It J In a world reeKing witn weaun ; those they are set to watch. L. M. Q. that these aenumanizea neings were railroads were In operation in the United States in 1837. Miles. Mount Carbon, Ta 7 Mohawk & Hudson. N. Y 16 Boston & Worcester, Maws 43 Boston & Providence, Mass 43 N. X . . i Saratoga & Schenectai I Ithaca & Oswego, N. T I Camden A Amboy, N. J Paterson Ry., N. J , Philadelphia & Columbia, Pa. Alle?hanv Portaao. Pa Philadelphia & Trenton. Pa, 21 y i Camden A Amboy, N. J 61 16 88 87 26 These are nrosDerous tlmaa for th ' Mauch cnunK ana various Druncnes 1,1 inese are prosperous times ror the , Schuylkill & Haven, Pa... 20 mines of the country. And the reason t Lyken's Valley. Pa 16 is an interesting one. Little Schuvlkiil ft Tamiqua, Pa... 21 Mining has been shaken almost free ! Schuylkill Valley and branches, Pa. ."25 . , I Iacawaxen ft Carbondale, fa. ,'ie from the wildcatter, the Har. and the castle & Frenchtown, Pa.. 16 imaginative promoter. It is very largely Baltimore & Ohio. Md...,. M in the control of able business men. The t Petersburg & RoanoKe.. 13 . , . , t . ." Portsmouth & Roanoke 26 T.axlnarton ft Ohio 20 Tuscumbria. Courtland & Decaturs.. 46 change is beginning to have effect in the size and regularity of the dividends paid totholders of mining stock. The other day figures of dividends paid by 148 mining companies for the first 10 months of 1913 were made pub Ho and comparison with the samo period in 1912 and 1911 became possi ble. ; To November 1 this year 148 com South Carolina .135 830 In addition to the above roads there were nearly 200 paper railroads. They were organized companies and sold their stock, as there was no blue sky law in those days, yet most of them never got off their blue prints and onto the Pointed Paragraphs A brunette may be blonde in some ways. fairer than a Jammed and crowded together under In human conditions in order to get a niirht's lodging for ten cents. The $1500 Exemption Bill. Oregon City, Or.', Dec. 10. To the Editor of The Journal In The Journal It was in a nauon arappmg witn n November 26 Mr. Crldge makes a ra nches that these human cattle, to Be- piy to my letter on the subject of the curs oea wmim men mnui, were home tax exemption, his way of reply herded Into what proved to be a lethal does not straighten the unjust por chamber." tlons of the bill. But J. E. Price made In these indictments of the world and a reply to Mr. Cridgo and Mr. U'Ren, the nation you show, plainly that It Is jn The Journal of November 26, that I not Boston but the whole social organ- heartily Indorse. I : don't know Mr. laatlon that Is responsible for suck , price, but I think I should like to know things wherever they may happen. Each him, for hie letter has the ring of Jus- ana every one unns tn inis , tlce and ngni. organization,: are individually respon sible' in- proportion to our ability to as sist in removing the causes of such con dttlons. ' " ' - ' ,.' It was not the lack of proper building Mr. Crldge said that t made the state ment' in my letter that "until the lm provements amount to $1500 there would be no exemption from taxation.'' Now Mr. Crldge knows that I never made any .'. a 7. ' ground. The great loss of money to yam ... , a( u....u, ; tne lnveBtors In these paper railways shareholders 185,143.412. Last year, in caUMa a reaction back to the canals the same period,ul41 companies paid; out I and highways, and It was Some years $82,812,528, and In, 1911 141 companies ! before the public confidence was re paid out 871,711,741. : - stored and they would riSk their money The 148 Companies reported upon this In railway Investments. year have paid '-to- etocKnoiaers since1 incorporation dividends amounting to $880,073,660. This, sum exceeds the combined issued capital of the, com- - I panles.by $61,402,286. ,' I Increases In the amount of dividends paid showed In copper, gold, silver, j lead and zinc mining companies; 84 of J the 148 companies were copper produc-" lne combanles.'-' The state of war which I has existed In Mexico and strikes in this I country have tended to decrease the put- put of ore upon which dividends' are , earned for stockholders In this country, yet the price of metals has kept .up, and : methods of mining have been improved ; to such an extent as to show these ex ceptional profits.'". Under the new businesslike regime In mlnlnar. tha stock Of" a romnanv i under the -control of reputable mining , children people has assumed a stable value or, at any rate, a value which .can be de termined about as accurately as tho value of any. other stock. And Just how I believe that certain mining stocks may be bought with better than a fair chance for very good returns. . Put if feu are interested, remember that you frill have to pay a fair prion for shares which are worth having nobody la going to run after you to try to make you buy them. If you mean to invest in mining stock ask qome banker to put yoi in touch with a re liable source of information as to which are worth considering. Toil won't set rich overnight by buy ing any mining stock, bujt If you buy in- llarantlv vou will make mnnav ' ; Many a man works overtime because his wife needs the money. t Some people never forgive until tyiey break into a padded cell. a A teaspoonful of gossip wllf talirf a kettleful of pure truth. V . ; s Things are bound to take a turn and some day parents may be sent -to bed In disgrace for talking back to their . - i- .; The Sunday; Journal!; The Sunday Journal's news columns are supp&mented by a variety of news reviews and illustrated features that v ' command attention.: ;...': This big paper U complete In a , ' flye news sections, J2 page magazine) and comic Isectioaa ; 5 Cents the Copy v