r.iorvNiiiG,
OCTOBER 12. 1913.
i7- '
i
THE CllLGOU "SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND. SUNDAY
,7 V J . V; i ' - ' -M - KT . -I -'.
Psychology's -TES1S That Show You Vhy You Are IiHSSING SUGC
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YoiiAFeasOaci
AsYOIJilM-
ityDr. LEONARD K niRSOBEnO.
r HERE ar few persona who are willing to "admit
I that they are as careless, as forgetful, at sua ,
.'. ' ceptible to flattery;'as rain, and as Immoral at .
their neighbors and-eaemles believe them to be. When
, you think about yourself at all, you feel that your super-
;, lorlty to other people hat been hidden under a bushel.
Unkind fate seems, to always keep down . your best
qualities, so that the world falls to appreciate you. -
' Ton know that If you had the "luck" that Smith had, :
you would be ad distinguished a man, as great an au- -thorlty,
as ingenious a fellow and as popular as he Is.
. Tou are sure your work Is as good, your energy as :
great, your memory Is much better, and your judgment
is as clever and as quick as his. Yet Smith Is eo-;
yi .v knowledged to be a leader of men while) you must cling
unknown to your own fireside. . "
(0 These thoughts sourry through the minds of most
- , people, who secretly chafe at their "hard tuck," as they ,
' call It, because opportunity has not come their way. Yet'
V, -as a matter of fact, If the newer psychological tests ,
.. are made upon them and upon Smith, it will at once be '
- . plain that what la usually called -hard luck or lack '
of opportunity Is after all merely the dlfferenos be-' '
tween your instincts, dispositions," temper, habits and
character and his. ,,-..- , - . 1
Youf neighbors and enemies exaggerate your defects
and their own virtues, while you see and magnify your
own abilities and underestimate theirs. To-day, how-'
aver, thanks to such psychologists as Professor John
, Watson, of "Johns Hopkins,' and Professor Hugo Muni J
, sterberg, of Harvard, if you really , wish to be. Just to ?
, - Bmlth and sincere with yourself, you can apply certain"
k psychological experiments to yourself and to others and"
: tut your Judgment, reasoning powers, will and memory. -
1 'I'1" IIIIIIHIIIini'lllH '"II P""""l"'"H"lin llli'HiPI!l'liilliii INI II I " I I !!l!llllli!'il!IIUIM iIIIIIIH1IIII!II'MI!IIIIIIIII!IIIHIii Ullll'l" BHIIIII l. , , ; 1 1 1 l I ! 1 " " '1 1 mil""" i
, -1 in;; I 1 i 'i u'l"" h111! i 1
Power of : Attention Tested . A Test of Quickness of Per
by Words Associated with Dif ' ception In Crossint; Letters:
' Ink Splash Plcturd (o Test
.Tour Imagination.
Numbers and Dimensions to
Test Your CrednUty. '
Thus you may find out how strong your mental facul
ties may be and how weak your will has become.
If you desire to discover your ability to pay atten
tion to unfamiliar or uninteresting questions that might
prove important at some future time and you, like most
v persons, pride 'yourself upon your attention which is
Tery bad sample psychological test is made in this
, way: Bits of pasteboard are cut Into squares, circles,
triangles, rectangles, half moons, crescents, stars, octa
gons and some fifteen different shapes. Words of one
syllable such as rat,' cat, hat, dog, pin, and the like are
"' typewritten upon them. The figures are then placed
V flat with a cloth over tbenu. Then you or the other per
son to be tested are warned to concentrate your at
tentlon on the shapes only and at a given signal the
cloth is lifted tor five seconds and then quickly re-
- placed. Ton must then take a pencil and draw, each
shape that yon remember and Insert the words you
.v saw on them. Then the experiment is repeated with .
the advice to pay attention to the words and pot the
The duration of attention or the j
time that it takes to tire your at
tnetlon is better the greater you are.
One of the reasons that Smith is a .
bigger man mentally, commercially
and politically is because his atten-
, tlon, like his physical endurance,
never seems to tire. ' a
- If you do not belleye his atten-..
tlon fatigues less easily than yours,
take a page from an ordinary novel
or magaalne. Then for flveV'mlnutea
by your watch have Smith and your- '
self run a race in scratching, out ,
each V and each V. or. each "IV
and each "A." .Then .see how many
.you. overlooked each minute of the
Ave minutes as compared with Smith;
whom your unconscious envr compels -
' you to see nothing in. - You will be
amazed that Smith overlooked few II
i rL ,it."rfi .ww ., r M to'W lost minute, while each
The- results wffl-then Aow . wlwOf. your attention I mlnutft ofter tte flrst start tt9 nara.
Is of the narrow type or the broad type. If it Is nar- of letters you dld not,crogg out
row, you will in the first test remember no words and ta Bnpieigant and inexcusable
In the second no forms. According to. the number of increase. Whereas Smith's accuracy
words that you also recall in the first test, and the nuf-improved each subsequent minute,
ber of triangles, squares and circles in the second, will yours grew worse and worse.
the breadth of your attention be measured. That is to -' . .Yet you will be loath to admit that
say. ability to pay attention to more than one thing at a .haw. Rmit tn h mam irt
umo la una esamaiea, .According xo ua resuii ywu
are fitted, to bt a bookkeeper, mechanic, superintendent .
-or leader! of men.' The average man U thus found to
remember only one kind or variety of things that he
saw or heard, ' while a true leader such as Morgan.
Roosevelt, Bryan or Kipling pays attention to many ;
thing at once, stamps them firmly la his mini and
recollects them in the proper emergency,
than ; you. vanity prevents : you
from acknowledging that Smith, "who
yon knew when . he was courting
ridiculous Sally Jones," Is any betteg -mentaUy
than you are. -
, To test your powers of imagination
'the ability to become wonderful in
ventors, 1 great - engineers, archl-
' tects, financiers, poets, musicians, authors and .preach- .
-era there are many methods. One of these is' to gate
at a log fire and then tell of the faces, forms, pictures,
landscapes, streets, animals or anything else that you
see there. , Or distribute splashes of ink on white paper
and then gase fixedly at it and write about the pic
tures you see there. Gazing into rock crystals make,s
' some people imagine all sorts of scenery and events.
To test your will power, that is to say your capao
ity for resisting the blandishments of every third stock -jobber,
book agent, insurance salesman, or other entto-' t
ing offer, experimental psychologists have devised num
erous plans. : One of the simplest ones is the "force
card" trick used by magicians and devised by Kellar,
the popular prestldlgitateur. . Here card, say the ten
of diamonds, is made prominent as the deck is shoved
toward you. You are requested to take a card. : By the
. suggestion and prominence of the particular card
ninety-five people in every hundred will pounce upon
-that one card. . -. x's-i
- Another test of your susceptibility or resistance to
suggestion is to place a series of two each of squares,
circles, stars and octagons on the table and write num- .
bars, such as 45, ei, 84, 17 and other double numbers
inside them. Pick out now the forms that are largest
i If you are weak-willed ana do not know this trick you '
will Invariably pick out of each pair, the form that has
the biggest number la it, as if it were truly the bigger '
of the two forms. Yet the sizes may actually be all
alike ct reversed.
, Another way to test how weak is your will and
' moralists, ministers, Ticecrusaders and others who
boast of their strong will but who know not what temp
tation is, hare been exposed as very frail with this
test is to draw circles, squares, triangles, rectangles, ,
' crescents and the like on a large square cardboard and
' then expose this card to the eye for few, fecondV
Then mislead by suggestion the fanatics who deny tlzl
mere force of suggestion influences them. It taa lo-arc?
corner has a circle in it, say: 'Did you notice a trlac i'
or an octagon in the lower left corner." If there i at
absence of, a weak will you will answer "neither";
you are susceptible you will say one or the other.
, The reason that honest people are often consHerel
Immoral and 'crooked" by many of their acquaintance!
is explained by this psychological trick you can per
form upon yourself and those about yotu : Have some
one arrange a small cup of milk, a bottle ef water and
several inkstands, plates, saucers and a brlc-a-brack En
ure in such a way that at a given moment when ten or
more of you are looking all of the articles are pulled
down by? an invisible cord or wire. Then you must
each go Into another room and write a few hundred
words of what you saw and heard. . Only one, or per
haps none, of the doken or more who witnessed the
event will come anywhere nearly telling the truth of
what happened.' ; Some will describe Irrelevant things
that they know, but which had nothing to do with the
case -in. this group fall preachers, teachers, moralist!
and many womenothers will write about why it all
happened and what such things lead to, others will discuss-
the artlstio and sclentlflo points xtt the happening
and so on. Yet only one or, at the outside, two wU
give a dispassionate, cold description of what occurred
all the others added their wishes, hopes, tears, feeling
secret longings, standard .of morals, instincts of persai
cutlon and hunting. v '
Finally your ability to observe, store up, recoHecJ
and to repeat what has happened,, that is to say, your
memory which you think is better than Smith's can be
examined by a hundred methods. You can test their
memory for sounds as well as sight, for words as well
as sentences, for numbers as well as ideas. . -
- 'A dosen words, numbers or phrases are flashed be
fore your ears for half a minute. Yon now repeat what
you remember, as does Smith. Then twice as many cf
each is tried. . You will soon see that Smith remembers
both by eye and by ear nearly all of the strange words,
while you recall only naif. Memory for scenes, streets,
pictures and faces is tested in the. same way. The
paintings or faces are exposed two dozen at a time tor
one-third of a minute. Sixty seconds later the same
set la shown to you with half a dosen replaced by
strange ones. ! You must be able to at once point out
the six that were not present when first shown to you.
v So it goes. Aa test after test is made you will be
compelled to admit, at least silently to .yourself, that
Smith Is mentally more energetic, more attentive, bet
ter able to recollect, less open to suggestion with better
Judgment and less liable to fatigue than you. Hence
opportunities are made by him and seised by him whlcq
you in error have always considered to be Smith's luck
But Smith is not born With all of this superiority.
You can catch up to him, equal him, and even go hint
one better if you try. AH of these mental gymnastics
are open to development But the psychological tests
must first be' honestly made and your shortcomings
must be firmly acxnowieagea to yourseu. ubw uh
recognize the defects, it is only a matter of practice
when all these faculties will be improved,
Without Using COLD STORAGE
a ITER conducting a number ef teats
Z with a number of materials for pre '
i serving eggs, John T. Tlmmona, of' V.
v Cadis, Ohio; claims that clean, sweet, dry oats
will; aid in keeping eggs fresh longer and
better In the home than anything else.. Wheat
' bran wiI 'do nearly as . well, but the cats
' properly used are the best, end the grain is
not damaged in the least and may be kept
' for future use or fed to he fowls in different
- ways to produce more eggs. . .
.-A dry. cool place is the best in which to
' preserve the eggs. They will not keep so .
. well in a damp or overheated place. v
' A box should be secured that will hold front ,
, a peck to halt a bushel. It should be tight
enough to prevent ? the oats from passing -
through any cracks. Paper cartons are ex-
eellent , Grocery boxes with the lid intact are -
J gOOd.-'i'r;'-:i'- vr-i.V-JU.-i'i'V"-:ri,''V -
Oats should be spread over the bottom until "
S It Is about an inch in depth, and then the fresh - -
.BEESiillli:;:
E VERYONE who has been stung by bee
1 knows : the burning sensation ' that ae
I companies the sting. J .- . ,'
This is of course" due to the acid that ia in
jected by the little weapon In the bee's tafl. But
the experience has led to A number of sayings
, , gucb as "the hot end of the bee and so on. .
It now apeara, however, that the bee actu
' aDy la hot The fever with which it works
sometimes .. develops ' into a temperature s
. kreat as to partly cook the honey in the hives,;
and to actually bake the busy insects them
' selves. Bee raisers have only recently found
that thla la the reason for the wiping out ef
many of their colonies Instead of, as had been
suppoeed, the presence o some unidentified
badnL,;?:
I We speak: of people getting "into ev fever"
' over their work, or worry, and It is true that
"I both things do raise the temperature of human
beings. But no human being ever gets into ;
. such a fever over either as to cook himself to
t death. This the bees really do.:i:i;:t;i:';s-oj:!;:;''''',i-;
The dominant, all consuming desire of the
V worker bee is to work. It follows out this Im
pulse until it dies. A bee will literally work it
self to death. That, In fact, Is how all of them
' die except those who are destroyed by disease
' . or aooident The bees and the ants are the
... most highly specialised creatures In the world.
It appears now that this highly specialized
breeding of individuals with sv single dominant
Idea only Is attended by dangera that carry
, their Jteaaonrto'-man
; ! ; The concentration of energy upon one task
la so great that It keeps the bee buay every
' moment satisfying it . Suddenly there cornea a
time when the energy outpaces the work. . Then
. up goes the temperature of the Insect and it
. burns itself up. In the aame way, if its taaka :
- are " Impeded the bee worries. The . un-
used work energy, stores Itself up more and
more, hotter and hotter grows the bee until it
dies of its own fever. The extremely curious
thing is that one hot bee can apparently infect
a. whole hire with its temperature, and the
community burns Itself upi, ., f.
eggs should be placed in carefully with the
points down in the .oats, but not touching the
bottom. The eggs should not touch each other
.but may stand pretty close. , - '
. When the space la filled with the first layer
of eggs more oats should be carefully added.
.Care should be taken not to turn or move the
eggs. Fill in about the eggs and cover with at
least an inch of oats, and then place another
laver in With notnta dawn. Hfnr and niu 'V
tlnue in this manner until the box Is filled.
Cover the last layer of eggs up well with oats, ;
and hare Just enough in to allow the lid to
go on and be fastened, so that when the box
is moved or turned over the eggs Will remain
stationary, instead of leering their position.
- Keep in a dry, cool place, marking the date
on the, box when they were put away, and
twice or three times a week -visit the place
end carefully turn the box over. - Thla will let
the eggs stand on both ends, and the fact
that they are turned frequently helps greatly
to preserve them, as the yolk of the egg does
not get to settle to one side or one end and
cause the egg to go wrong. :
' Another secret la In the fact that the oats -do
not wholly exclude the air. The eggs will
not keep as well if the atmosphere is entirely '
removed : from the shells.
Wheaten bran will permit a "little air to
reach the eggs as well as when kept in oats. .
They may be kept tor a short time in Sum
mer in this manner. A month or six weeks
will ahow.ao change in the egf is properly
kept but if put up in September or October'
it is no trouble at all to keep them in perfect
condition until Thanksgiving or the holiday
season. s'-v.i'f-:'f.K-'- -x-Viv -
:-
A TJTO-INTOXK3ATION is a word that seems to
V have been Invented for the purpose of avoiding
, the necessity of explaining the facts. The pur
pose of this article, 'therefore. Is to tell in plain lan
guage what anto-lntoxlcatlon is, its causes, ymptoxot
and reaulta.' i.n y j Ml;
' Autointoxication aeaas self-poisoning.
' 6elf-poiaonlng Is one of the most common disorders'
with which people are afflicted and it expresses Itself
In ao many different ways that tnrder to describe
them all without too much, trouble, it was called auto
,, Intoxication . pvr,-'r-'4:f '';:P J
' fielf-poteoning Is eauaed almest wholly by ) wrong
eating, usually eating toe much, but in many oases, by
eating several things at the same meal that are chemi
cally Inharmonious. :;;,:-st;:':?-wn(Hvv-'
, ; Some of the symptoms of self-poisoning are anaemia,
languor, that' tired feeling, mental dulness, headaches
and a lack of Interest in things and a general falling
below mental' and. physical par. ''K-i'':. :ix
" When we take more food into the stomach than
the body can use, Kature'a first method to get rid of it
la to decompose it Thla produoe what is called super
acidity, or fermentation. On account of the excess of
add, food la forced from the stomach too quickly, and
usually congests and ferments in the upper intestines.
, This condition produce a. carbon-dloxld, carbon-mon-exld
and sometimes toxio poisons. : In cases of intes
tinal congestion, these poisons are absorbed into the
blood and become a source of a great deal of trouble,
but where .autointoxication gets its name Is further
along, after food has been digested and taken Into the
circulation. '. . - ' f '''':
'! lf we are blessed with good digestion, and can as
similate more food than the body can use, the excess
passes into the circulation, and is stored up, either in
the form of fat or it undergoes decomposition and is
changed into alcohol and other poiaone. . This is one
of the plans provident Nature adopts to keep us from
suiciding, and ts also where the word autointoxication of curing disease without removing Its cause la, ta i faJS,
aito name, " " ' v -: paraUel with the ancient theory that a man of vicious
' . The remedy for auto-mtoxkatlon is a moderate enaracte? mH U 2
quantity of simple food, copious water drinking, and A man xaay turn from Tlco to virtue ta a tnoment tmt
to total elimination of all stimulating and sedaUra he can become spiritually strong only by growO. bj
' SScSscn a. coffee, jSm id drug, of SSSKiTSl a5 JS?S2S
conformity to the laws of health. '
' The human body, while the moat complicated, la the
toughest piece of mechanism known to the sclentlflo
world. -It will adjust Itself to more unnatural things
than any other piece of living matter known, and while
Vr I. .Vi a I. ,i . ryi. tlm. fnrrlflnr.
and, if given a half chance, will keep the biped man in
-kmds.v7,: ,f, )(4'.r J . "
" No greater mistake can be made than to seek; s
remedy, in drugs or take stimulants, where one Is
anaemlo or "run down." By thla proceaa we merely
throw an additional poison upon the self-poisoned body.
We deceive ourselves with a stimulant but we have
not reached or dealt with the cause.
Thavttnman hnAr ineomnarabiv more comnlex and' a fair state of health, therefore, the more we conform
delicate than any machine, yet there la a widespread to natural laws the more bodily ease we wQl enjoy, and
belief that one skilled in the art of locating disorders the more we -violate the natural laws the more disease
can, in a large percentage of cases, correct and cure we will be afflicted with. ' '
them by the magical effect of some drug application. " - ' . The whole question of health , and disease is re
It is not meant that all drugs are bad, but that duclble to this: "Discovery of the conformity to the
the theory of correcting a disorder' without removing natural law is afl of wisdom and the beginning ot Ula
Its cause violate the greatest law ot phyalca. The idea dom is faith that Nature's laws are all sufflcle&t
Why FAT FOLK VouId Be
i f ; : HEALTHIER GoingIAEEID
EAT peopla ought to wear as little' clothing as pos- the body, and a layer ot fat of no great thickness hos!
1 slbs. In fact they ought to wear no clothing tor underlie the skin tor Its protection, v ; -
?. as mucn of the time as conditions win allow. ; ., V: But the taking on of too much fat la an evidence cj
'f. This la the bold atatement of an original German phy faulty assimilation of food. Too much is being made
eictan who has been making a special study ot adiposity Into fat and too little Into the harder tissue of the mus-
and its cure, i He dwells upon the tact that tat is in It- ties. It is for this reason that many epeciallsU insist
self a dlsease .when it becomes adiposity. Every per- npon their stout patients taking all of the exercise they
son should be plump, L e, hare fat in certain parts ot will, for exercising serves the double purpose cf cor
recnng cue tnai-asauniiauon or cooo, ana
IIPOTZING INSECTS to Seep PAIN AVAY from You
- done with a crayfish oflr can stand him vertically on 'i. the muscles ot Carauslus are really In a state which
, his head and the first pair of lege, and he will keep is named by phyalologlsta "flexibiliua cerea" (L ew wax.
completely motionless for hours, as if bewitched. .': flexibility). They are strained, but not extremely as in
"When -1 detected - this interesting muscular ' state the state of tetanua; they can be stretched more and re
en the quiet Carauslus I tried some experiments, and - ;maln In a given position, Expressly the same state of
after a number of dials it occurred to me, tor instance, -, 'muscles - is observed in ; the . cafes u ot catalepsy or
to stand the Insect on IU head and to give him a still "hypnosis?. in higher animals and is man.; ? if
more amusing pose which I hare called the "wrestling : How etrong is this rigidity of muscles is seen from
fcrirtr" in one 01 tne exnenmenia a cataientifiAi cann. ine exnenment pdwi u u. v-uiu.
' slus remained on its head for tour and a half hours!
And he showned not the slightest signs ot fatigue.
" , ,AU these sxperiments sufficiently demonstrate that
EAINLES3 surgery without employment of anaes
f thetlos may be the result ot recent sclentlflo ex
..M pertmento made upon inssotA V. . , '
.' It has long fceen known that a person in a hypnotlo
state does not feel pain; he may be out or stuck without
being sensible of it ; Minor surgical operations having
frequently been performed upon cataleptlo or hypnotlo
aubjectaw.v?;.-iy -&-y?;i'i' w
- But not every person Is susceptible to hypnotlo tn-'
tnence, and the present aim of scientists is to develop
a for mot hypnosis to which every one will yield.
- Curiously enough, their research has ted them to t
the domain of the Insect world." It has been recently
found that certain insects are in a state of catalepsy or
1 hypnosis during a large period of their existence. . -,
v- Particularly is this true ot an Indian insect known as
. iCarauslus-morosus.-;:;'' 'wvvfc . . '
Professor - Peter Schmidt, ot ' the : Imperial TJhV .
veraity of St Petersburg, has made a close study of
these Insects, and declares that while they may often1
be thought at first sight to be sleeping or reposing,
closer observation and some simple experiments will
prodacahe conviction that we have to do with a cata
lepsy extiaqy ukenat am
tlflclally pro"duoed in high
er animals. "Indeed, de
clared Dr. Schmidt, "it has
long been known that "
many yertebrates can be
hypnotised and made mo
tionless, by simple meth
' ods. If we lay a rabbit on
hls back on the table and
fix his bead and feet tor
a few, seconds, we shall
make him cataleptic he
will - If mntlnnlaaa inmi
minutes, and his muscles l l
will be strained as in a Vl
hypnotized human sub- Ordinarily Impossible Positions Which the Insect Carauslus, Can Betaia for Hours When Hypnotized,
Ject, The same can be A Cent In a backward Arch. R Stood on IU Head. C Suspended with a Weight en Its Stomach, ; ,:
Is posed between two books with the tips ot the forelegs
on the one and with the end of the abdomen on the
other. A-very considerable weight for it In the -shape
of some paper strips, has been placed on its abdomen, ,
, eo that it is bent like a bow, and, notwithstanding, it
will remain In the deepest catalepsy for one or more
hours in this strange pose I ?
It is known that catalepsy has two distinguishing,
features: (1) a cataleptleal subject does not feel pain;;
one may out and sting him, and he remains in the same ;
state of immobility; (2) the catalepUcal tension of
muscles does not cause fatigue. And, In fact a cata
leptleal: Carauslus la completely f eellngleaa, with sharp
scissors one can cut off its antennae and feet and,: one
after the other all the segments of the abdomen i its
green blood flows from the
wounds, but it stays In the
same pose completely mo
tionless, i
. If the same result Could
be procured In humans. It
is , obvious that surgical
operations might possibly
be performed without the
use of anaesthetics, and at
the same time without
pain. While the use of
anaesthetics is : not near
ly as dangerous as It once
was, the surgical I world
would ball any discovery
which made their, use unnecessary.
burning up ot the fat already accumulated
by the action ot the muscles. T&l ts, so t
say, "burned up" by exercise, the little glob
ules being melted away by the heat ct tha
' If it were possible to oxidize the fat ta ocs
tissues it would melt away Just as it .does
when put into a frying pan, but exercise is In
dulged In by the stout only at a great exsn
dlture ot will power. ;;y;wVv r,.-
But there Is another way, according to C-'t
German scientist in which the oxidation ct
the tat can take place, without putting so
great a strain upon the will of the patient It
ia a common experience that the stout person
really requires lighter clothing than the thla
man or woman. But this fact must be car
ried to its logical conclusion.
The stout person should wear as r.r ?
clothing as possible In order that the oxygen
of the atanmay act upon the fat through the
! pores or the skin, for while oxidation U not
as rapid in this way as it is by the muscles, it
Is more continuous and does take place, as it
plain from the hardened fat of the hardy, t
posed person when compared with the tuV ?
tat of the coddled stout man or woman v.:
is always wrapped in heavy garmentj f i
furs. Under the action of the air Ue f ;
globules lose much of their motBture, anl 1
come hard, shrinking somewhat and nn" "
the purpose for which nature Inters M t ,
fatty layers protection ot the mora t
tissues beneath It -s
This process of wearing less and I--i
Ing must be ' adopted gradually, 1' '
the clothing little by little o that U a f
receive no severe shock. When the r
of dothln-; hss at last 1een rearJl ;
not be dilcuit for the etout i : : -without
any clothing at all, at 1 5
weather. Thia etcp should la t t
posing the body tor a short t!mo '
then gradu-lly Jcc;thc:;:c t: 3 i
posure,
CirJght, MtX the etsr. Cemjany; fireat Jrltaia XUghAi Eeaextsi .