.THE v OREGON . SUNDAY ' JOURNAL PORTLAND, SUNDAY ' MORNING. OCTOBER 12. a
IF
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Tips f or Humanity in flying Gliding Parachnfin and Scudding Creatures
' Esamed'tb-'FLY
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1
, , . , - , .
Aizs B
eiore Ma
fins future- of aviation may: depend ;upon what
I ' cciescd may learn from the observation of tat
flight of makes and lizards. It Is now believed ;
that these flying reptiles mar furnish a better object
lesson for human birds to follow than the v birds and "
Insects which have hitherto been their principal models.
N The Wright brothers owe their success in aviation
almost exclusively to the study they made of birds and -Insects
In flight,. tut It Is now suggested that their
Success might have been greater had they p armed their y
Investigation Into nature's methods as revealed in the
Clght of reptiles and other animals other than bird
and Insects. , f ' . J,
J.r For the benefit of those who are seeking to Improve f
epon our present methods of aviation, the British Mo-.u
aeum of Natural History hae placed on exhibition a nunv w
tier of raluahle specimens Illustrating the modification .
f the structure of animals In relation to flight. Borne
Some Remarkable Specimens Exhibited at the British Museum ef Natnxal Elsteryl
.. . t uuum "e Moiuucmuvn ox me structure mi xijing Axumais v ' i V 1
; Toe exhibition is not limited to animals that caa
truly fly, but Includes also examples of animals which,
more through, the air by scudding, gliding or parachnV
in, without expending energy from the time when they
leap off to the time when they alight, anon as the as.
of the more remarkable of these exhibits are illustrated v called flying eaulrrels. flying phalangers, ete. -
une ot tne interesting exhibits Is that of ft curious
in. -
fin vui jpkb . v
. In all the human attempts at aviation that hare met
with any degree of success the part of the apparatus
that sustains the weight la the air (planes, or gasbag,
as the case may.be) Is distinct from the driving appara
tus (propeller and Its engine), bnt a study of the sped
' tnen displayed at this novel exhibition shows that la
Eying animals the energy Is generated by the contrac
tion of muscles connected with the wings, and that the
latter, by a regular beating or flapping action, both, sup
tort the body la the air and force the body through It.
beetle with large elytra (the wlngsheathg which font
, the superior wings la bottles and serve to cover and pro
tec( the true wings) which, act as "planes--while the
wings supply the driving power. The edges' ef the
elytra are produced Into flat leaf-like expansions, so thai
the elytra as a whole are larger than the wings. The
wings fold cp beneath the middle part of the elytra, act
under the lateral plates. ,( . . - -
But much more Interesting are the Tsrioas sped
mens of flying snake from Borneo from which aviators
might perhaps be able to leara
; lot Wfeen gliding downward the
body Via kept rigid and perfectly
straight. ZZow the'snake shapes Its
body when Cylng ts piustrated by
the cross section. ; .
. The flying gecko Is another Inter.'
: estrng oxHlblt, For breaking lis fall
" whea leaping from bongb, to bough,
this animal has lateral expansions
of the skin on the : aeck, body,
taO sad tbnbs and -betweea . the
toes. : - s n t .
v. The raying Hsard" l displayed tm
' various positions. ; This early aaces '
tor ot man Is able to glide through. '
sae av us perfect safety.
, V ' . ' 'Bah: ' ; . :
: Hts Otast MAHytAi. Tfurr Cam KkaIxy
Cln Chimneys with Pptato Peel J ,- YOD MIGHT TPa-
O the peelings of the potatoes you use
for food. When the stove does not draw
well plaoe a Quantity ot these potato
skins in the Are and their burning will clean
up the soot and clear out the fine to such an
extent It will not seem like the same chimney.
They do not need to be dry. Damp peelings
Just cut from potatoes, will burn eilte read
lly where there Is considerable fire, and it Is
astonishing how oilckly they; will do the de
sired work.
.' '' Potato skins will dry easily. If spread out
fa a warm place, and these make excellent
kindling to be used In recruiting ft sluggish,
fire or la. starting one with paper, , It Is no
difficult matter to start a Are without wood
whea dry potato skins are used with a little
paper. The burning of the peelings dears
out the fire, and ao difficulty Is experienced
that day .from the line not drawing or the
stove not acting satisfactorily. ' ' ;
These peelings are first class for clearing
furnace whea slow fires have caused the
, place to become clogged op with soot,
r . Flues of boilers can be cleaned with, perfect
safety with potato skins, and little potatoes
are useful where the Are Is hot sad the boiler '1 LWATS keep half ft lemoa In readiness to rob
flues are clogged, as the small potatoes will
bum quickly, producing a condition that clean
t w a gooa oraugni. " v v
Ia' cases of sictaess7!w'u'tmiu wbea'ft
root becomes foul It may be made much
beter If ft very Uttls piece of poUto skin Is
burned laJJie room. It Is always best to
nave a window or door opea whea this Is
done, so there will be an opportunity for the
?Sap?r3LtT 10 9 wT The air la rooms so
treated Is much purer.
'? tTo Kexaore Paint Spots. ;
IfZZ oaual parts of turpentine aad ammonia and anniv td h,ti. . 1.-
spots with a piece of cloth the same color as th garment Bub gently
yuat renurveo, taea sponge with warm water and a
Wnitenlnr the n&ndx V
Tegetables or fruit
and soft
Oa the bauds after eeaUns
This removes stains sad keeps the bands white
( FonPfttentX&therSiioea.
FT0 Inurtbcft the life ef patent leather shoes, the dirt should always be re-
and polish wita a soft cloth. .
Taea carefully dry. apply little rasellne
To Harden Bristles.
; ymm the bristles of your hair brush become aaftwaan thm hm.Ti t.
a J'iln JlSl!1 S" '?de1 Poo"! Ammonia. Thea dissolve
wTE?i?5?.S! !i,a.?old ai the brush la this several times, sad
; GRADUATION Exercises
j Make ANARCHISTS
r-T-i HB dose relationship betweea the excessive ego
;1 Ism of the homicidal anarchist sad the.mcreas
1 lag egoism ot children; la; American schools-;
pabllo and private has led Professor Browalng, a weO'
knowa New York nervous specialist, to point out some
of the dangers das to lack of proper teaching. Btrfk
, I&tfy be points out that the child's desire to be -the
J whole thing" should be curbed and held In proper check,
especially under the peculiar conditions of liberty that
American life allows, and draws attention to the "ela
borate dressy graduating exercises ot every school at
V the present day. declaring that these "accelerate this
- vain egotistical paranoid U.f'iZ-xx;
From almost every oorner of the compass there has
' been raised a chorus ot objections to the foolish gradn,
' atloa display la the schools, aping the sufficiently ua
aeceasary college graduation ceremonies. . In the latter
case. It Is true, there Is more excuse, since such gradu
fttloa ceremonies arc ttsuaUy attended, with the grant- !
ln f honorary degrees to some man or womaa whose
I fame Is so great that the nation delights to honor such
, . one. Besides which, the college graduate-though
ftea, foolish eaough-tt of maturer age than the school
eattd ftad Is supposed to bave sufflcleat latellectual
development to be able to esteem the "dressing up.,
pi bis graduatloaiat Its proper valuatioa. -
v iuwunawjeasaruy eiaDorate performance of the
chool, however. bM been regarded heretofore as foot
ish rather than as dangerous, i But Dr. Browning points
out that the child la 1U earUer .years Is wholly, con,
ceraed with Itself and Its own Interests, and that one
of the chief needs ot education is to give ths child ft
proper regard for others. Anarchy Is truly an exag
geratloa ot the liberty and license of the ladMdual, and
the graduation exercises are often ot ft kind which
seems apt to cause this very exaggeration. Is
especially unfortunate, moreover, for it ' comes at aa
fM p,Blon Peculiarly vivid, and because
lducao
strain thU sort of thing because of the vulgarity of te
SeaIMl SSdlftSfa
country rather llA
commencements are not aecessary, tteyservenS cr
la the educational scheme and h fj.pir"
let It dry la the open air.
era or Junk dealers gather them up and pack
them away la barrels until they have ft car'
load or so, whea they ship thea away. 11 '
There are several concerns that buy these
old, tin cans, regardless of shape or also or
condition. . ; The batsjsred tin can,! tho can"
that had been run over by a train or dented
with a workman's pick Is Just as valuable
to these concerns as the bright new, can,
undented. : , . - - . v , ; ' 4-',
All these old cans are damped Into ft grent
furnace where the heat , trrst melts off the
tin.' Although It should be remembered that
Youfim't Be !aM&H
' ma Taiuauon of overvthlnc on
a money basis.- This spirit should be cherfidbVtt2
schools, not aggrandlsei And when It canw ZJZ
urea ju uin war is aestrncuva t
....
sens and suggestive ef Individual lawlessness aTt
ease Is made out against the 5ssy? exe?c2eV ftST
be as necessary to demand a -sate and JXT
tlon a. it has been ft -safe and .Fourth
i Bjr XHv LEOPTAKD K. HntSnBERO. A.r mrvi
Johns HoplExna,
IN the primeval days, when the present and before the
; present memories of maa runneth not to the coa
. 4 trary, of the Pleistocene man, the anthropoid and '
homoalmlaa precursors, If not anceitors, the Question of -pabulum
varied according to tho progress ot the animal i'
kingdom toward the superman. More and more steadily
It approached the much coveted animal victuals, eon- s
slating ot insects, grabs, reptiles, eggs, birds and '
smaller game. . ... . , , , M 1
Gradually flesh-eating replaced the non-carnivorous
diet, sad soon hunting sad Ashing vied with the tilled
soU and the vineyards. Then came the domestication .
of the hunted beast and the nomad tribes that trained
them. : Thea the meagre output of barrea laads re-, ',
nained ao longer bar to the forward rush ot the
human tribe. Stony ground could aot deter them from
living. ; Finally:: life Iras really made ; worth while
the laTentor of cooking. i The Introduction of cooking,
like fttt aew Inventus, even ot the present day, Jed at
once to aa overconsumptloa of the thing thus placed
enticingly wlthla the reach of alL Maa soon aad since "
thea began eating himself Into Bright's disease, clrrho
sis ot the Uver, heart ailments, high blood pressors, ar
teria sclerosis, cumbersome rotundity and obeso em
bonpoint 'u . t 0 J ' 4 1
I Like the ebb and flow of the tide, maiiktad's ahmt t
digest coarse and acrid victuals rose and fell with bis
bablta, bis Indoor or outdoor life, his consumption ot
raw or cooked foods. "TJp td the origin ot cooking, the
muscles of the whole body, not to speak only of those
ta the mouth, throat and bead, wers ftggresslve. much
used, and, you might say. In training. With tho lux
urtous Invention of cooking there was less ad less
can for muscular exertion upon the part ot the sous- 1
cular tissue, k AH of the mouth muscles concerned la .
the. busy attack upon raw foods fell Into Innocuous ,'
desuetude. They became coddled, spoiled, pampered. -almost
entirely unused. -V-. . , A
t&2" time the saliva, the Juices ot the mouth
that act as solvents upon vigorously chewed pabulum,
became much reduced In power. With disastrous bmu
7, papand soups slipped Into the stomach, sad the
human tissues started upon their toboggan ot catty
degeneration and waste. . The digestive powers became '
J" Wo t cope with the coarser. sortTet .
food, and the Jaws, teeth and muscles shrank eorre.
spondlngly la sls strength and usefulness.'
Nowadays most people are accustomed to bolt their
f,,oftev Mdj fre(iuently swaUow largs Slumps ot -whoUy
unchewed food. It Is. however, wry easy to
trala a child to properly masticate its diet The mouth '
EUiS!5 ,ba"tted bycorrect physical exercises
to grind up all that passes betweeathem acquire such
r2neflettat .tha tt0meat klt ood approaches ;
them there Is not a chance In the world at it "
passing their threshold, " f -
Cms sf the most Important func
tions of the physical culturlst ths.
gymnast and ' other experts of the
new muscularity, is to train the mus
cles of the young children sad older
1 "
Tho Jlosdes That Chew Tour Food
i i. V- i v
The) Cplendld Chewing llnsdet ej
me American Indian.
...v.- flymg flsh. There Is a South American fresh water flsV
v ' Which darts out of the water and Into the air lnia man
f ' t aer aot PaUk that la which the hydroplane operates.
f'x'iy "For comparative studyr there Is shows ths skeletons
of many of the animals exhibited. ; The structure of tho
. . " bones of flying animals baa always been considered ft
. matter of considerable Importance for the aviator to 1
vjftodyltost Birds have -hoUow or pneumatt boass.
" - " t r.' f f uis is not true ox other flying animals. ' J
- ""toration of the dlmorphodon'macrony 'ta in'
Another taterestlag exhibit Is that of the African fly . tlnct flying reptile, wbioh Is shown at this exhibition
jng saulrreL These animals glide rather thaa fly, but . gives a very dear Idea of how man's earliest flying an
they might teach aviators ft whole lot Tho skin-told; :I cestors looked, and there are lot of restorations ot
which oennects the fore and bind limbs does not extend ; extinct birds wbic shed new light on nature's methods,
along the tan. These squirrels In flight resemble the , ; The exhibition Is Interesting because It briags out
true flymg soulrrels, " ,i trtelesrt-thr fact' that ;tt nwavmtsaAS'to''fly' b
t The exhibttloa ladudes many speclments ot bats, the . j win only, be repeating what his ancestors did millions
The Useful End of OIJ) TIN CANS
IN every vacant lot In ft city and all over, ft rtln" can is really" an Iron can. there Is a
the great dumpmg places wherever holes; thin coating of tin over It aad tin Is an ex-
and hollows are being filled la, you may ceedlngly valuable metal : The tin, aeltlnai
; oount anywhere froin half j ft" dosen to halt ; much sooner : than the Iron, runs - down
a thousand old tin cans. It Is very seldom through the mass and Is saved br mouldlnsr
these are buried, for the) ever busy rag pick-; Into blocks when It Is as mod . .... 7!
- recpatlag more cans. T it may fo the bright -tin
on your can of .tomatoes or corn has
been used ft'dosea or a hundred times pre '
- vlously on othr,can:
' After the tla runs off, the sheet Iron or
;whlch the cans are made melts, andf this' Is
run off Into Ingots," or pigs," and sold for the
cheaper quality of Iron, It la need la making
window weights, cheap cast Iron toys and
S. tMn5B' V ?,Uim ta wUr lost Except
perhaps the labels which are burned off in
the furnace It Is said the Iron from the
cans Just about pays for running the fur
aaces, .leaving the tin. thus secured as the
profit for the enterprise. c;
BIETAt BOOfiS
HOR a long whfle it has been believed
by maay that Thomas A. Edison would
-l. penect metauio paper suitable i for
Printing upon and binding Into books, but it
now appears that the great Inventor la far
.too busy with other labors to undertake this
Important work. t.. i.-v , ;,...:.,,,, .:y.
i V11. "50rt bouV 5 Mr. Bdlson' ex- 'i
plained to a committee from the American "
Library Association delegated to ; have ft .
statement from him on the matter, through
5.iJtment h to ft newspaper man
while discussing thin metil material to be
!fBS4J,,.Wf batteries. The Inventor '
had perfected such thin sheets of nickel that
the ideal ot metal -paper" occurred to him.
i- The committee ot the American Library
Association was engaged In aa Investigation
;on the deterioration of paper, and a possible '
means of preventing It whence newspaper
stories came to their attention. After a long
wiiwi tiuurmauon as to wnat
progress had -been made In making metal
paper from the Inventor himself, and ho
ttorn.- a letter of explaaaUon. " ' 1
"r. Edlsoa explained that he was seeking '
' 5?. f0.rv toaurln Perct electrical con!
ductlvty ta the poslUve tube ot his storage
battery and after many laborious experiment!
sscured such thin iheets from puri xuetaUlo
S?S m.ot Pm vers only'
the thickness of a business card. He wrote
tte.commlttee that these would be tothta
for books and that it would take alotof
'2fS21,?llM,,tta rodttce the proper 'tdek" '
III il.tuch Wrpose, adding that ho could
f11' experimented on metal -paper but
the Idea had merely occurred tohlm.
019 Jtteo. of the American U
brary AssociaUon is wondering who will have
the courage to attack this problem and per- r
feet a. process for the making of m itfble '
&TL tor Prtnting'and
Jnto books. This would solve lh .hZ
or iteeping books. - Rare old edition;
, Tho Typical Face of the Athletaj
showing me strong jaws. '
wyngnvifiv IZ s Btar Company,
; - grown-ups as soon as they have teeth ' to completely
tttUlso tho muscles ot their months and Jaws." rC
. Ths time has forever gone by whea men will merely
masticate their "victuals uccordlag to some epidemic
. Fletcherlzlng theory. They needs must have something
more than beautiful hypothesis or Idea. True enough,
. Fletcher's theory mads men use their j muscles, - and
lience. Independent of the poetlo aspect of his scheme,
f the practise was according to Hoyle. But lt.is far bet-
" ter to have men know the tiuth, to wltthat It li notJ
r so much the counting of forty, sixty or hundreds before
swallowing as It Is to cultivate the physical endurance
and therefore the adaptability of the muscles of the
mouth. Just as you dot your biceps, your tennis arm or!
, r your other muscles of peculiar skilL -r ; -. -
It Is unnecessary to .say at this late day and date,
that the musical regularity of muscular contractions
add sest and activity to the flow of blood thronrtont
- the Whol Af Tnnl' tf a.iioa Yxru.vM 4 . V
- L P1'111' wlmmlng, rowing, walking, or the ex
cellent exercises of physical training classes or from
the muscles of mastication, the tonlo and stimulating
effects upon your whole body ts certain. ' 0
( The muscles conoeraed la chewing your food are far
. snore massive than Is usually understood Indeed, it Is
aot too much to say that ft man who Is able only to
vigorously manipulate his muscles of mastication and
does so will achieve the same Improvement la his gen
oral health as such aft athlete as a baseball player or a
. pedestrian.. Even the habit of chewing gum, a modern'
custom that calls down anathemas and social ostracism.
" i J,?t.tr toaa ths prevalent guxzllng of predlgeBted.
son, fluid and soupy meals.
v Those who Ijrom childhood's happy hour have been
, accustomed to properly chew their meals will J have
- sound muscles all over the body; their eyes will have
a noble color; their cheeks will be filled even despite
te,VwUa o bloom of youth! teeth, Jaws and
mouth will be shapely and attractlve.and finally the
1 muscle-generating juices that are formed will influence
for good each and every other muscle In buman frame, i
The American gum-chewing habit unromantio and com-
0kai cam honestly and sanely to the
white man of to-dav from thn Amrioi tkhi..
The preeminence of the Indlaa tor musculature goes
unchallenged. His muscles were made of iron and his
Xft UJ th tbt 0f the lion and the gaselle.
But the Redskin did not develop his hamstrings at the
expense of funny, bone, nor his biceps at the cost of
his facial muscles. : He was wont to hie him to the
gum-gum tre there to scrape off some of the resilient
tasty eubstance,,and between meals as' well as in
periods of famine to pracUse masUcaUoa for the double
purpose ol. strengthening his Jaw and mouth as veil
fts his stomach muscles, -y-; : : .
mV1!!1 toat things are not always what they
seem, and chewing, gum is not nearly so wicked and
( uncosmeUo as Certaln-prudes of the polite world would
' . ? 1' 0D?er- Moreover, digestive troubles and
tendertooted incompetency of the flabby muscle sort
are not the only punishments of faulty chewing. If
ttere " ttan or woman with soul so dead that he or she
will not thoroughly, vigorously and for a good period
masticate their nutriment, the penalty of a lonjr scell
n -.11 . . . """ vruiuu
prey 10 insects,
nixeiy.
of nervous disorders may be the nrlca.
Preat Brltaia Rights Resryed, . -
tWIT It, fall 1
bUt COUld . h Van
Of course, fir miM
but they would stand more" h.a7 "ffi '23
n "ywiy moisture would havej
no effect upon them. '.
i JJ'J lniPortant sUte documents.'
new Ti?ddM,8?j,money' leaI "Ports and
such things, would prove of areat vain a Inrf
that It would not be so very long before) toe
LakTlt Ia.Uid r,ectod
i.heP to print all books
Y"7r' ;fJL-!in committee from
the
. i
anxiously about for some lnventor-o, manyi'
s.empi to do jthis. very thiari'