' 1 I
THE OREGOfI SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING. ' SEPTEMBER , 21, 1913
The People's
4 SCIENCE
t -1
OML5TIC 5cDVICL A5A
La
BOP
IALSTITI JTE OF DOMESTIC
J3 - v
D
i aV v 3e " k
r-sris ii it
JT HE great question of the em
m ployer and the employed im
f not only of importance in
the world of business; it
, touches the home, for domestic serv
ice ie a labor problem which is crying
insistently for a practical solution.
; When the home is giving way to the
apartment, and the servant question
given as one of the causes of the
change, it is time to thresh out the
question presented on this pags.
The Institute of Domestic Science
it giving a big question a big, com
prehensive discussion today. What
do you think of it t View the topio
from either side of the discussion
and let us have your verdict, be it
that of the mistress or the maid.
' By Minerva B. T. Angell
Domestic Science Expert, Maaaachusetts In
tuitu eC Technology
COULD wo have mom positive
proof that this labor problem
is not' one of reoent"date then
.Is afforded by the folio wins;
, toon-Ada advertisement which appeared
: Id the Providence Gazette said County
. Journal of 1796?
"$500 Reward Was mislaid or talcen
awmy by mistake from the servant
elrls'of this town all inclination to do
ay kind of work, and left In lloa there
of, an impudent appearance, a stroma;
and continued thirst for high wages,
: a gossiping otspositlon for every sort of
amusement, a leering and hankering
after persons of the other sex, a desire
of finery and fash lorn, a never-ceaetng
, trot after new places more advantageous
for stealing, with a number of con
tingent accomplishments that do not
suit the wearers. Now, If any person
or persons will restore to the owners
that degree of honesty and Industry
which i him fnr otn time mUnlng,
be or they shall receive the above re
ward of $o00, besides the warmest bles
Ings of many abused householders."
61 nee this daite, no problem has bean
. more dlftoussed; none Is more vital to
- the comfort, heal Oh and. progress of our
Uvea. This disousedon in tlhe past has
been almost exclusively pereonai In
character. The case assumes a different
aspect wlhn the problem lis stated to
be as inomentouu as that of capital and
Jafbor, and as cotiQxUcated as that of In
dividualism and eociallsm. A recent
census tells imore than 2,000,000 are
engaged as domestics In this country,
at an average weekly wage of S,
making a total eocpndlitnire paid an
nually of over $300,000,000, and If a ser
vant "eata her watges, breaks her wages
and waste iter wages," the actual ex-
MENUS AND RECIPES FOR A WEEK FROM AN EXPERT IN COOKERY
This department will be in charge of a different instructor every month.
The plan will give the housewife the benefit of wide and varied experience,
end will present topics of interest to all.
By Alice Gitchell Kirk
Cemestlo Science Lecturer, Cleveland, X
TT HAS been well eaM that the great
I est difference between the food Of
the rich and (the food of the poor Is
tax the coo Icing. There Is much truth In
' ' this, for to a very large extent w live
, cn the same foods.
. There are two points, however, that
ire so valuable In cooking that every
one should (understand them, and par
Jouttariy -when jxreparing food for gnow
. ing children.
jftrst The cooking of starchy foods.
Slaw starch is In little hard grains that
are digested very slowly. Wilnem placed
In hot water these grains swell up into
a soft mass and can then be easily di
" seated. Oatmeal or oornmeal that has
. bean cooked for only a short time is
' very difficult to digest, but if these
' goods are placed in a double boiler and
cookedT everai hours they are very di
CesUble. Thoroughly baked ' whole
wheat bread Is without a doubt one of
. the very best building foods for children,
and every normal, healthy child can
digest U. 'But naif-backed Ibtnead, with
! jhe starch grains in it almost as hard
' as Jltitls bits of wood. Is ruinous to the
digestion of either young or old. This
Is also true la cooking the starchy
vegetables.
Second The use of fats in cooking
roods for children. Fat is a most
Valuable heating and strengthening food,
but, like every other food, it may In
jure the body if taken in the wrong
1 way or in too large amounts. 1hlldren
' need only about one-half an ounce of
butter at each meal. When fat Jias been
made very hot, as often happins when
foods are fried, acids that injure the
sttomach are formed hi It. Aileo When
foods are coated with fat the digestive
Juices) cannot get at tham readily, and
they are digested very slowly or not at
kit ffTor this reason fried (foods have no
filace In the dietary of children; neither
do theV need as tmuch fat as older peo
!!. Fried potaeoea, pancakes, crullers
and fritters have no place In our chll
tiren'e menus.
We know that children paa through
- rUffarent periods of growth and desires.
;"Yods are (changed Sjocordlngly. flo it
' would be quite difficult in a short ar
Oda to specify helpful meals for school
children of as ages, eso we mill only
consider those (today from to yeara
, At this are they are growing fast and
fitted food to support then with energy.
isr they are la constant motion, to sup
c
, pense Is douMe that amount. i Is ft
well-known fact, as shown by deposits
to bank, that when so inclined, they
can and do save more than almost any
otlher caasa of employes. t
The first statistical Inquiry oonoern
ing Uomestto service In this country
was begun by the department of Wtory
of Vasa&r College, Up to this time no
Investigation of thls.eubject had been
made by the United States foureau of
labor. With the view of ascertaining
some of the Industrial conditions under
which (domestic service la given and
received, three schedules were prepared
one to be filled .out 'by employers, one
by employes, aadl a third miscellaneous
In character. It was ascertained that
more than two-thliMs) of the employes
did not reside In the country or state
In "which they were born, which im quite
as true of those in domestic service
today. It Is of interest to note some of
tine occupations from which women
(have gone to enter dbmestio service.
The llat.toeludea nftHrly every form of
work In every kind of mill and factory.
farm work, cigarmaking, sewing, milli
nery, tailoring, lacernaking, carpetmak
Ing, copying, saleswomen, nurses, post
office clerks, compositors, office attend
ants, teachers, governesses - and ma
trons. An Interesting comparison be
tween the iwage received by an average
cook at 15 per week, In private family,
was made, earning annually $260, plus
$275 for board, lodging, fuel, laundry,
etc., or $635, while, umtll very recently,
66 per cent of teachers, except in higher
grades, earn annually $620, or deducting
275 for board, etc, but 1346 in money.
This Is $85 more than is reoedvadi by
the average cook, but out of tlhds must
come numerous expenses entailed by the
position from which the domeatlo em
ploye la exempt, ax that wo might clams
ply heat to tbe body and to bufld op the
tissues which make for new growth.
If the school children are thin and
tired most of the time, they probafeOy
do not have enough food of the tlssue
bulldlng kind, and if they are fat and
stupid they may not have enough food
of this kind and have too much sweet
and starchy food. Plenty of fruit eggs,
bread and butter and milk are valuable
eourees of nourishment for growing,
children.
The meals for children should be
neither heavy nor light The stomach
should never be overloaded so that di
gestion is difficult Then children may
go to school immediately after a meal
and the brain will be able to work.
Train children to eat slowly chewing
every mouthful. Have them rise a little
earlier if necessary In the morning, so
as not to have them hurried. As these
children go to bed early, the evening
meal should be the lightest of the day.
The following menus will show well
balanced food for children of the aces
giveni
MONDAY
BREAKFAST
Fresh Eaanonable Fruit (net Iced?
Wheat Cereal
Whole Whaat Mufflm and Butter Cocoa
DINNER
Lamb Stew, with Carrots, Onions and Petatees
Lettuce and Cold Rlaw
Prune Puff
Ths cabbage should be shaved very
fine and seasoned with a little sugar,
salt and vxy little oil and lemon Juice
or lemon Juice and thick sour cream.
Prune Puff
Material Whites of eges. $: powdered
ugar, cup; cooked prunes, 1 cup;
lemon Juloe, 1 tablespoon? ul.
Directions: Whip the eggs to a stiff
froth and slowly add the sugar, whip
ping all the time. Then add the cooked
and pitted prunes, well chopped, and the
lemon Juice and beat until very light
Put into a small buttered pudding dish,
stand In a pan of hot water and bake
In a moderate quick oven about 1$ or
SO mimitea Cool and serve with a soft
oookei custard made from the' yolks
of the err. Other fruits may Ids used
In peace of prunes for a change,
SUFFER
Cream of Rice Boup
Who! Wheat Bread and Butter.
Homemade Susar Cookies
Milk
Cream of Rice Soup
Material-Kice, cup; stalk of
ceiery, a, or celery seed. I ealtspootiful:
milk. 1 pint; real sr chicken stote. 1
the latter earns absolutely more than
did the average city teacher in Albany,
Atlanta, Baltimore, New Orleans, fat
eraon, Rochester and Syracuse. Soma
years ago the quentlon was asked of
employes, "Wlhat reasons can you give
why more women do not choose house
work n a regular employment?" fol
lowing are some of the answers: -
Other oecnpattloss bare seme'
wcii-deflaed hours, slier which
one vaa do aa she pleases
without askJag ssy ese.
Pride, social conditions and
willingness to be called
servants, ,
Confinement evenings and
Sundajn. .
More Independence In other
occupations.
Too hnrd nad conflnlag.
I. nek of consideration by
mlntressea.
Hours too long.
Can live at home by work
Ins; la shops.
Too few privileges.
Bad character of some re
flects on others.
Receive no encouragement.
Too lonely, and menls alone.
. Constant change In work.
Shopwork cleaner.
No chance for promotion,
etc.
Though years have passed sinoe this
Investigation was carritd on, the findings
tally surprisingly with those of Her
man Robinson, commissioner of licenses,
of New York, who presented his report
to Mayor Oaynor recently. We learn
from his report that "there is not an
employment agency in the city that
could not place 100 per cent more serv
ants were the latter competent to fill
the places. Yet employment agents,
who know more about the servant prob
lem than sociologists, do not put the
greater blame for present conditions on
the incompetency of servants as a class,
nor even upon their scarcity. They as
sert that employers, as a rule, give too
little attention to servants when they
have them, do not provide sufficiently
for their comfort, and do not take into
account their ambitions, the result being
that only those women mill enter domea
tlo service who cannot do anything else.
The social standing of a servant is a
most important factor in the problem.
When so many thousands of young
women were out of employment recent
ly because of the garment-workers'
strike none of them sought work as
servants. Although many of them could
get more wages (their board being free),
they preferred the factory work.
Now, to remedy these conditions, let
me tell you of the latest experiment in
social economics, whlob was tried in
Boston for two years by the Household
Aid Company. It was started primarily
for the sociological atudy of the question
of household service, but as it had to be
financially successful to prove of any
value, it was quite as much a business
as a sociological scheme. A house was
hired and fitted up in a homelike, at
tractive way. To meet many of the ob
jections cited above a definite remedy
was provided. The aids which It fur
nished would go out only for deflnits
periods) measured, by the hour. Em
ployers of household labor complained
of the scarcity of material, the unre
liability, the low grade of Intelligence
and skill, the trouble of frequently
changing, etc. The company purposed
to meet these complaints by drawing
Into the domestic labor market a new
source of supply.
All aids were obliged to nave a cer
tain amount of education equivalent to
a grammar school training, (testimonials
as to good character, a physician's) cer
tificate of good health, and to eaoh
aid six or eight weeks of training in the
house was given before she could be
sent towpjlLsacjeLgQuaa-aivn Its
work were utilized for this training,-
about $1 per week; was paid each one.
The lines of work In which they were
trained were principally household man
aging, sewing, marketing, ironing,
cooking, waiting, polishing fumltuTe,
hanging curtains, simple upholstery, sil
ver cleaning, mending, chamber and par
lor work, opening and putting in order
nouses that had been closed for a sea
son, dally sweeping end dusting, an
swering bell and telephone. For these
the prices ranged from 8 to 16 cents an
hour for the least skilled services, up
.to 20 cents to 40 cents for plain cook
ing, 85 to 60 cents for upholstery work
and from 25 Cents to $1 an hour for
household managers, the company re
ceiving the fees of employers and pay
ing the aids, who gave to the company
pint; salt 1 teaspoon; butter, I tea
spoons; good-sized onion; bay leaf, 1;
pepper, 1; asparagus tips.
UtensUo tKnible boiler, steel spider,
colander, tablespoon, teaspoon, salt
spoon, sieve, knife.
Directions Wash the rice thoroughly, .
throw it Into a quart of boiling water;
boil rapidly for ten mlnutea Put It
Into the double boiler with the milk
and stock. Cover and cook slowly for
60 minutes. While this Is cooking
cut the onion into slices; cook It care
fully with half the butter in the spider.
The onion must be perfectly tender;
add the celery and bay leaf. When the
rice is tender press it through a colan
der; add the mixture from the spider;
return it to the double boiler; add the
remaining tablespoonful ofl butter, salt
and pepper. Press through a fine sieve
and serve at once.
TUESDAY
BREAKFAST
Sliced Bananas
Wheat Cereal
Ci-eamed Codfish
Whole Wheat Bread and Butter
DINNER
Itoast Iamb Currant-Mint JeUy
Creamed Potatoes
Tomato Balad with French Dressing
Whole Wheat Bread Cup Cuatard
t Currant-Mint Jelly-
Take half a glass of fresh currant Jelly,
S taiblespoonf uls of chopped mint, 1 taible
erpoomful of very finely shredded orange
peel; mix all well together with a fork,
turn into a glass dish and serve with
the lamb.
suffer
Soft -Boiled asraa
Haked Potatoes
Raspberries and Rough-aod-Readj CaJoaa
Rough-and-Keady Cakes
Material Erg. li pastry flour, 14
cups; sugar, 1 ouip; nuts, V, crup; butter,
2 tablespoons; baking powder, lvt tea
spoons; vanilla, 1 teaspoon; milk.
Utensils Pleasuring cup, mixing bowl,
tablespoon, teaspoon, gem pan, floor sift
er. Directions Break the egg into the
measuring cup, add the butter, which
should be soft but not melted, flu the
ouip with milk. Sift the flour, sugar
said baking powder together three times
end last Into tlhe mixing howl, stir the
mllik mixture into the flour mixture and
add the vanilla. Beat wtOl i minutes
and mix well the auts ehopiped or out
fine. Pour Into a dosen creased gem
pans. Bake in a quick oven until firm
about If or 20 minutes.
"WEDNESDAY
BREAKFAST
Baked Feaehes
(oaten Oatmeal with Figs sad XI ah Creaaa
a certain percentage of their earnings,
varying with the grade of labor. "
for the first year the company's ac
count -showed a deficit (Including the'
cost of furnishing) of 13000, and of $20)0
for tlhe second year. Tnough finan
cially a failure, as a sociological study
It demonstrated soma truths that must
bo recognized and considered before the
pi-eaent-day troubles can be ameliorated.
The lack of standards In housework
was found to be one of Che most
troublesome factors. An aid who had
been trained to do some certain kind
of work in one way by an expert in
structor would perhaps be required to
do It by some other and less efficient
method in the first place to whtoh she
would be sent, and in the next re
proved If she attempted to do It in
either of these ways.
Fortunately, the widespread interest
In domestic science is bringing stand
ardization of houMkeeplng methods
within the bounds of poaodbillty. For
merly, when housekweping and house
work were not reckoned among the pro-
a w
If, it H Hi $ ,
K kt : m J
I an Jk iSvo ?v l
,f W , rn, f i
77tei Prefer
feselons, a girl learned what her mother
oould teach her and tfhen acquired the
rest of her training In the hard school
of experience.
When clever and capable, she made
what was called a good housekeeper.
If not, things went Blackly and the
whole family suffered. In each case the
housewife's methods were her own, and
there was no generally recognised
standard of efficiency. Now, with cook
ing schools and college courses to set
such standards In every branch of
household administration, a better day
is surely dawning. It was the experi
ence of the company that the hlt-or-mlss
household that lives from hand to
mouth, wastes much upon show, has
no standards of cleanliness or of
methodical service doeanal IrcelT
their value and Is not willing to pay for
them; puts up with poor work at ths
lowest living wages, and sometimes
coddles and sometimes abuses Its maids;
that Infinite varieties of this class make
up the great bulk of employers of house
hold labor and that these are largely
responsible for low standards of domestic-
service and for the disfavor into
which it has fallen. It was with families
of professional and technical men with
an Income from $2000 to $5000, maintain
ing small households of on to three
maids, that the Household Aid Company
did most of its business. It found
many divisions of this group. from the
capable mistress who knows what she
wants and how to explain It, who al
ways knows the time It requires to do
things well, to the utterly unreasonable
woman who exacte the work of three
Baked Peaches
Select I peaches and stiok 1 or 1 cloves
Into each ona Sprinkle over them U
cup of brown sugar and add 1 ouip of
water. Cover and let bake In a mod
erate oven until tender. Serve with the
Juice, which may fee boiled down a little
thicker if desired.
DItTNHR
Ftrelaaa Cook! Chicken with Mos
Boiled Onions
Sate Hufflns 01 toed reaches
lfUk
Date Muffins
tMk be rial Butter, 1-3 cmjj; sugar, U
cup; salt, 4 teaspoon; egg, 1; milk,
cup; whole wheat flour, 2 cups; dates,
Vt pound ; balking powder, 4 teaspoons.
Utensils Measuring ovp, teaspoon,
bowl, .wooden spoon, egg beater, muffin
pans.
Directions Cream the butter, add 'the
sugar gradually and the chopped dates.
Heat the egg and add the milk. Now
alternate with flour in adding to mix
ture, beating well. Carefully fold in
the baking powder and bake in hot, ereli
greased muffin pans 20 mtautea
- SUPFBR
Baked Potatoes Poached Ergs '
Oranaa Marmalade
Whole Wheat Breed and Butter
Cocoa
THURSDAY
BREAKFAST
Heed Peaches with Cerael iM Cream
Toasted Whole Wheat Brand
Scrambled Egas
Milk
Scrambled Egga
Material Eggs, 4; butter, 1 tablespoon;
cream, 4 tablespoons; salt, V, teaspoon;
tabasco sauce, 4 drops.
Directions Break the eggs into a bowl
and beat until yolk and white are well
mixed; add cream, salt and paprika or
white pepper and tabasco sauce. Put
the butter Into the double boiler, set
over the Are and when melted add the
egg mixture. Stir until the egge are
set. Serve with or on toast. Scrambled
eggs should never be "cooked'' over a
direct flame, but always In a double
boiler.
DDWIll
Cream of Lentil Boup with Whets Wtvaas
eteanwd Potato MsKed Sutter 1
IUos and Peach Pttdding sad Cream
Cream of Lentil Soup
Material Lentils, 1 cup: water or
stock, 4 cups; onion, 1; bay leaf, 1;
rsley; butter, 1 tablespoon; flour, 1
blespoon; pepper and saH.
UtensilsSaucepan, measurlnff cup,
tablespoon, colander, puree slave.
Directions)-wash ths lentils and oover
persona from on maid and changes bar
mind each half hour as to the next
piece of work to be dons. The com
pany believes its experiment would
nave been financially successful If the
mistresses had been willing to examine
their own methods, revise them accord
ing to now and better standards, and
pay for good work what it is worth.
Vut few of the employers of this group
were willing to expend upon household
service what trained servloe costs. Ac
cording tn economlo rules, 10 or 15 per
cent of the income should be paid for
such service. If less Is paid it means
poor service with something saved for
expenditure In other directions. They
preferred skilled work, but did not ap
preciate the fact, seemingly, tihat to ac
quire skill costs time, labor and money,
and that whoever bene tits by that out
lay must pay for it.
This is by far the most Interesting ex
periment, that I know of, that has been
made to help solve this labor problem.
Let us take to heart its conclusions that
"before any permanent Improvement
may be looked for, both mistresses and
A - U ;1 I
z : r h n
' ' f)
llltjM'j
Hf f m
with cold water and soak overnight
In the morning cook In the water In
which they have been soaked with the
additional stock or water. Add all sea
sonings, cover and cook slowly until
tender about two hours. Press them
through the colander and then through
a puree sieve. Return to saucepan, rub
butter and flour together, add to soup
and stir until boiling. Part milk or
cream may be used, which adds to food
value. Have a thick piece of toast in
ths soup plate and poun the soup over
this.
BUFF BR
OnpeUshad Mos with Raisins and Oaeafe
Whole Wheat Bread and Butter
Irruit Jelly Sponge CaJca
Children's Sponge Cake.
fMtotaftr-IEktgs, 6; stigar, l'i cups;
Juice and rind of 1 lemon; flour, lL
cups.
U tonsils Measu rimg cup, lemon
squeeser, flat wire 'beater, jplatter,
grater,' bowl, cake pan.
Directions-(Beat the whites of. the
eggs .until perfectly dry. Beat the
yolks very light and gradually beat
In the sugar and the grated rimd. and
Juloe of ths lemon, cut and fold In half
of the whites, then half of the flour and
the remaining whites and flour. Bake in
a Turk's head pan Bo minutes. Vary
this cake by baking In an open mold and
. flUllng the center with sliced peaches,
pears or any desired fruits.
FRIDAY
BRXMKFA8T
Steamed Prune
Qrahnm Oema and Buttor
Milk or Cocoa
Apple for School Recess
Steamed Prunes
Wiash the desired amount of (prunes
thoroughly and put them to soak over
night in sufficient lukewarm water to
oover. Put them into a small pall with
a tight-fitting cover, bring to the boil
ing point, and set this Into a tireless
cooker vessel, (partly filled with boil
ing water; damp the cover on tightly
and -place quickly in the flreleas cooker
chest overnight or for several hours.
Ths prunes will be puffed like foot
baths, eUtkty, and the Jules rich and
brown. A sUos of lemon may be added
when the prunes are put Into the cook
er. If you do net 'have a Oreleas cook
er, out them -In a double boiler, boll
I minutes and set on the back of the
stove, -where the water will keep hot,
but not boll.
- AH dried fruits are perfect, both In
quality and shape, when cooked by
his slow process.
Graham Opm
llaater-aiJlk, 1 pint; salt, 1 sspoa
maids must appreclata the fact that
housework U a trade to be prepared for
by manual exercise that should begin
, In girlhood, If It is to result In the best
and deftest skill,' and that housekeep
ing is a problem demanding thorough
training and the constant exercise ofl
the mental powers. Only such train
ing, resulting In the organization and
standardisation of housework by the
mistresses, and Inability to meet those
standards on the pari of the maids, to
gether with the willingness of em
ployers to pay for that ability, will open
the way for solving the problem of
household servloe,"
We have, almost dally, ships arrlv-
, ing la Mew Tort harbor which pour out
on our shores the poor of all nation.
The men seem to take readily enough
to any sort of work. Italians shovel
snow and work on railroad and subway
construction, and for building of new
highways for automobile travel are In
valuable. But their wives and daughters
make poor servant and are seldom
employed. The best that we can get are
., the Irish, who have long been in this
country, especially when they come
from the north of Ireland, as J can
testify from personal experience. - Then
come the Oeirmans, wiho now outnum
ber the, Irish; French, Swedes, Danes,
Norwegian Of these, the French are
the best, of course. As cooks they are
unrivaled, as butler, waiter, footman, a
well-trained French serving man could
not bo Improved upon, neat, economical,
respectful; but. as a rule, no matter
how poorly paid or poorly fed at home,
they are the hardest to keep in this
country. French maids are admirable
. as seamstresses and In the higher
branches of domeatlo service, but they
are difficult as to the other servants,
make trouble about their food, and are
not noted as truth-tellers as a rule. A,
good Irish or Scotch nurse is admirable,
the most tender and reliable. Children
love them, which Is the best recommen
dation that could be given them. They
are sometimes lacking in head,, manage
ment and neatness, to be sure.' but they
are willing, and a wise mistress can
make of them almost anything she de
sires, The -Germans surpass them in
their thrift and In concentration, but
are apt to be stolid, and not as gentle
and willing as the Irish. The Swedes
are reliable up to a certain point; they
are never stupid, but seem to have,
many of them, little moral sense. They
excel n neatness and are excellent
cooks. While their own language la
etcher than ours, In Its expressions of
or sorVrc
melted butter, t tablespoons; graham
flour, 2 cups; eggs, S; baking powder,
4 teaspoons.
Utensils Egg beater, gem pans,
measuring cup, teaspoon, wooden spoon.
I bowls.
Directions Beat the yolks of the eggs
and add them to the milk, then the
butter and flour. Beat very hard. Beat
the whites to a stiff froth and add these
with the baking powder, to the batter.
Mix carefully and bake In gem pans in
a quick oven SO minutes. One cup of
boiled rice and cup of chopped dates
may be added to this recipe and you
will have a very nice change. In add
ing the rice use cup less of flour.
DINNER
Muttea Broth with Veretablee
Whole Wheat Bread and Butter
Lettuc Salad
Apple Tapioca Pu d diner
Apple Tapioca Pudding:
MaterfalBaiDing water, 1 pint; minute
tapioca, cup; sugar, oup; salt L
teaspoon: apples, 4; Juice of lemon,
Utensils Baking pan, zneasunlaLg cup,
saucepan, teaspoon.
Directions Add the tapioca gradually
to - the boiling -water-- and- cook until
transparent; add sugar and seasoning.
Have apples peeled, , oored and in he
baking pan,' pour over the tapioca and
set in 'the oven to bake until the apples
are tender-30 to- 40 mlnutea
BUPPBR
Omelet .. ,
Whole Wheat Bread Toasted
Fruit Cookies Apple Sauce
:, Cocoa
Suggestive Menus for Saturday
and Sunday, "With, Quantities
Given for Each Meal
BUEAKFAST
Cereal cooked overnight with dates.
1-1 oui: top milk, cup; dry toaat, i
small pieces; butter, H-inch cube; milk,
I glass; cocoa, 1 oup.
NOON DINNER (When Possible)
Tticaesea of chicken, with rice or lame
TOMORROW '
THIS ! addressed to ths housekeeper who Is forgetting1 that tabre la
j a tomorrow. Oo not say thitt the article on this pare need not be
read by 70a bacaui you have no servants. Tou might have to
morrow I
No woman can afford to neglect preparation for the future. The
golden opportunity of today should be recognised at tts true worth and
elsed. Remember that today la be best possible time :to fortify yourself
and the horns for tomorrow.
. Next week Mary stone CRonrke will talk to InsUtuta members about
"Savin Strength la the Home." i
i politeness, gentleness and courtesy,
they learn ours with singular ease; they .
are full of. talent, they can do your
' work If thsy wish to, but oftentimes,
unfortunately, they do cot wislrto.
There are not as many migrating tA
enter domestic service mm formerly,
regret to say, as a good reliable Swed
ish amrvant cannot be Improved upon,
m my estimation. They command high
prices, as the demand far exceed the
supply.
The Norwegians are very different
We must remember that at home they
are poor, frugal, religious and capable
of als ascrlAce. They will work pa
tiently tore for years in- order to go
back to Norway. These girls who come
from the hards, who have spent the
summer on the plains making butter
and cheese, are strong-, patient, hand
some creature with voices as west
as lutes, nd most obedient and good
their thought ever of father and moth
er at home. ' Would there (were more
of them! If they were a little leas
awkward 1n an American house, they
would be perfect. The men make the
best farm-Jabot-errs In (the world. They
have patient courage, a rather alow
mind, fond of argument; they live here,
however, only to go baok to Norway
when they hare made enough. Deeply
religious, (they are neither narrow nor
Ignorant They would be perfect serv
ants if well Valned.
The Danei ' iy so simple, they
are a rorcUrpco?le smd are desper
ately forCI baurgruning. They are also,
hwever;vnost interestlnr. Their taste
for art ?.i (vejtly more developed than
that c either the Swedes or Norwegians.
A Ljvla arir maid iwlU arrange ce'
bri ;-a-bi with most artistic taste.
As sx-vants, they are scarcely numerous
enough to be c-flticised usually to b
found neat, faithful and more obedient
than their cleverer Swedish Bisters.
Through the south one still finds tbe
negro moat excellent when good, most
objectionable when bad. and this is
equally true of the Increasing number
to be found in this section of the coun
trycertainly, freedom has not improved
them as to manners.
The excellence and superiority of
English servants at home have. Induced
many ladies to bring over parlor-malda,
nurse and cooks, with, however, but
small success. There is a great differ
ence In the way of speaking of a serv
ant and to a servant between London
and Ifew York, and we conduct our
households in a very dissimilar manner.
English servants, as a rule, seem to lose
all their good manners when they come
over here and do not appear at all as
they do in London. They soon ascertain
their legal rights). The declaration ofl
Independence la, 1 foar, between ua and
good service. Yet it ts a curious fact,
returning to their own country, they ro
sume their good manners as though
nothing had happened.
1 believe la this country we should
try to eliminate the objectionable word
servant, for, though we may prove from
etymology, as a witty writer says, that
"every person who confers a favor on
another is his servant" ; though we may
present a lawyer's brief showing to the
satisfaction of every local and national
court that every employe in the eye of
the law Is a servant; though we argue
from the biblical standpoint and showi
that we are all servants of one an
other; though we may point to the
classification ofl occupations made by
the national census bureau, showing
that clergymen, dootons, lawyers, teach
ers and domeatlo servants are placed
together; though we may quote to every
employe the proudly humble motto of
the prince of wales, "Ich dlan," and the
example of the pope, who calls himself
the servant of the servants of the
Lord"; though we may by a social flo.
humb"oibandbobeenlYwi'vs0y mot
we may do all of these things, y'tj'iSt
so long as common phraseology rewtrlota
the ordinary use of the word to those
persons engaged in domeetio employ
ments for which, they receive a fixed
s-m,.luat ?. ,onK '1 arguments prove
of little avail and the word servant con
tinue to bet mark of social degrada
tion, often debarring the class most to
be desired from emering its list. As
in every other occupation, let ua sub
stitute the word employer tfor master
or mistress and use auoh terms as maid,
employe, domestic, cook, waitress,
housekeeper, etc., thus lending dignity
to this profession that In the final
anal y Bis, requires sT high degree of in
telligence, patience, skill and efficiency. -
Aclmow 1 edirmsm ta are due Mrs. Floreooe
Kelly for Information about tits Houaahois
Aid Compear. v
broth with vegetables, 1 cup: bread. 1
alio; butter, Vfc-lnch cube; aoole tapi
oca pudding, H oup, or nut blaaa
mange.
Fricassee of Chicken
Material Chicken, i pounds; butter.
2 tablespoons; slice of onion; chopped
parsley, 1 teaspoon; sweet green pep
per, V; rice, 2 tablespoons.
Utensils FVelesa cooker, measuring
spoon, tablespoon, steel spider, vege
table knife.
Directions-Clean, singe and dis
joint the chicken. As fast as ready
place in the cooking vessel. Add 1 ta
blespoon of flour to (the spider, rub
well with the butter and add 2 cups
of cold water. Stir until smooth and
thickened, then season. Out the pep
per into tiny scraps and add to this.
Pour all over the chicken and enough
more boiling water to cover. Use the
vessel which will be as full as pos
sible. Cover and simmer gently 18
minutes, add the washed rice and boil
6 minutes. Put at once In the cooker
for 4 or 5 hours.
SUPVHJK
Scrambled eags in 1-8 cup of miTkf
dry-tonatr allow-wtter,--trc oubei
apple sauce, 1 tablespoon, or prunes. Si
. oookles (boms baked), I; milk, 1 glass.
auooEsnoNe for breakfast
Cereal with dahee, firs or seeded raisins
and top milk: creamed codfish; sauce
made wfth milk and err yolk; mlncnd
lamb on toaat; ea-r poached or scram
bled In milk; ereamad potatoes; corn-
meu nrurnna; nreaa ana DU titer; era
tout; baked apple; steamed prunes.
6UOOE6TIONS TOR DINNER
Chicken broth with lion ar bar! art
broiled lamb chope: puree of ra.
bean or lentils; splnaob; tattoo (use
lemon, no vinegar); oornstaroh pud
ding; gelatin pudding; fruit sauos with
apon cake: baked 4apioca and rice
pudding or oup custard.
SUOQEBTIONS FOR STTPPER
Cream soup; bread or iinpotlahed rloe
sjwI milk; toasted crackers or roila;
www i run; muK or
V
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