4
. THE "OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING,' AUGUST ' 24, 1913.
THE JOURNAL
K INDEPENDENT NBWSrAFB
c a. Jackson
.pubHs'
fubllsbetr-wir swing t?"j
awry Sander SMrnlng H Jrnal
Ins. Broadway sad Yamhill .. W""'
trsDsmlsslos tames the nails a ascend.
MtlW.
Tell tbe what den.rtmt w
VttKION ADVKHXiaiNO KKrsy' a.
, Benjamin Kratnor C. Brtt.w'c ttW'f.
n.iK c-...w ... ifaar York! ISIS People S
f . U..I1.M..M (MUM
" eubscriiuiua Imm l m or w
la ut usma states or mw
. MKT
Oh rar ......WOO I Ooe Matfei J
US OAK
On rr ...... .! '
DAILT AND IDKDAX
On sear ......ST.SO I One BHeth $ M
Circles are praised, not that
abound
Jn largeness, but the exactly
round:
So - life we praise, that floe
excel
Not in much time, but acting
well.
Waller.
i. RAILROAD VALUATION
ONE of the greatest tasks un
dertaken by the federal gov
ernment is the valuation of
. . all railway lines in the United
States under the direction of , the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
Some idea, of the magnitude of the
work can be formed when It 18 real
ized that there are in the United
States 234,000 miles of railway,
nearly fifty per cent of the world's
mileage. Besides an appraisal of
the physical elements there must be
prepared a history of. all preceding
ownership of the individual roads.
This will undoubtedly be the largest
part of the valuation for the reason
that many records have been lost or
destroyed and their restoration will
be most difficult. In addition to
this historical data there must be
reported the original cost of con
struction, the coBt of construction
sow,' the cost of reproduction less de
predation, franchise vaUies, if any,
the going concern values and other
intangible elements, carefully sepa
rated , from the physical elements.
A concentlon of the vastness of de
tail involved" and the Important
questions to arise after the valuation
Is completed are suggested in an
Interesting article In the August
Review: of Reviews by Judson C.
Welliver.
" The estimates of time required to
complete the work range from five
- to ten years and the cost to tne govr
ernment Is estimated all the way
from ten to twenty millions. The
expenses of the railway companies
Will probably be as large as those
of the government. A large , force
of engineers, economists, property
experts and accountants will be em
ployed. In the preliminary work of or-i
, ganlzatlon an issue has arisen as to
public representation in the work of
valuation. By some It is insisted
; that the Interstate commerce com-
mission officials fn charge will oc
cupy positions not unlike that of a
" Judge. There will be expert counsel
and testimony for the railroads, but
there Is no provision for anybody to
act as counsel and expert in the spe
cific Interest of the public. An
amendment to meet this condition
is under consideration.
One of the Important questions
to be resolved after the ftna,l valua
tlon is made is the use of the in
formation. The law requires that the valua
tion shall be prima facie evidence of
the value of the property In all pro
ceedings under the Interstate Com
merce act and in Judicial determi
nation of the enforcement and non
enforcement of the orders of the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
,It skillfully points out a way to
force the contending interests to an
issue on the actual value through a
plan of protest, reexamination and
revision but nowhere does it suggest
what weight or significance shall at
tach to, this value. Says Mr. Wel
liver: Nobody knows today what the United
States supreme court would do If a
valuation thus made or made In any
other manner were prescribed as the
; basis for making rates and regulations.
ine court migui nauy ieiui w
(Oppt It. It might discover a vast reser
. ,voir of additional values In franchise
j rights, going business and established
t nrA will an A tha lilfA Th. IfltF Aava
I not a word about these. It is framed
i so canny tha,t the question will at
length be put up to the courts to de
,clde Whether they want these elements
- taken into account and whether they
Will in any cane U-t value be made a
'basis or rates. I
i An increased importance has been
given-the valuation by the decision
. i of the United States supreme court
in the Minnesota rate case. In ef-
feet this decision indicated that
when a valuation had once been
' made, owners of the property there
after would be entitled to rates
..i which would give them reasonable
5 returns on the value as found
, Further it waji pointed out that
the amount of the investment in the
' nrnnsrlr enillil not ha nanaaaarlUr
. y . " - ,Jt , ....
J taken as the measure of value. Bad
investment might compel the owner
!to bear loss. The rates would have
to be based on the value, not on the
j cost of the investment. This rule
! favors the railroads whose holdings
in lands, terminals, etc., are worth
'more than cost ' "
. The decision of the court In this
j case would suggest a purpose to
give weight and importance to the
valuation. "
' , The question of 'unearned incre
ment it another important problem
rn m anlvorl fn ; whit viIiibHah
; ' shall a railroad eara returns? Shall
the railroads . owning; Jaada ,who
value hag been increasing with the
Ize these increased values and then
make rates to earn returns on
them? "It is at this point," con
tinues Mr. Welliver, "that the chief
potential effect of the valuation on
rates will be felt. What will the
courts say about lt?.rWhat will be
the public policy of the country?"
DR. BRIGGS
r
HE recent death of the Rev
erend Charles Augustus Briggs
caused but little comment. -A
world intent on the present
did not recall that, a few years
since, he was the chief personality
in a religious controversy in the
Persbyterian church that reached to
the foundation of that fortress of
Calvinism. The controversy in
volved a movement known as the
Higher Criticism, one of the prod
ucts of a realistic age.
As a professor in the Union Theo
logical Seminary, Dr. Briggs attract
ed national attention by his views
on the inspiration of the scrip
tures. He asserted with all the
great force of his broad scholarship
that errors might have existed tn
the original text of the Bible, that
Moses was not the author of the
Pentateuch, that the processes of re-
rinmntlmi Ytpnri tn tha world to
come, that sanctlfication is not com-!
plete at death and that reason is
equally with the church a founda
tion of divine authority, apart from
the scriptures.
He was bitterly assailed and
called a heretic by those who can-j ' churches,
not realize that creeds are but. , ...
changing forms of expression of the
religious nature In man, which alone
is permanent, those who worship the
symbol instead of the object sym
bolized, those who believe the last
word in the formulation of creed
has -been said, those who have little j
if any interest in historical origin, i
those who regard it blasphemous to
: - i x a i a tiv
Increasing knowledge, those who are
intolerant of the opinion of others.
Dr. Briggs was supported bj his , Blrong propaganda working toward
associates in the seminary and when j that end and whlle ,t ,8 encounter
brought to trial for his alleged he- L opp08it0n because some mem
retical views was acquitted by his be of other chlircnea fear they are
presbytery. to be assimilated rather than an-
An appeaj was taken by nts op -
ponents to the General Assembly
and they were numerous enough to
bring about his suspension.
The refusal of the seminary to
remove him from his professorship
created a schism in the church.
The later years of his life were
.characterized by an appeal for the
union of all Christian churches to
1C1UUIO IUO UIUV.AC1 ICS ui ine ecu
turies of the last words of Christ
to his apostle "Peace I leave with
you. My peace I give upon you."
In striking contrast to the storm
aroused by Dr. Briggs is an-incident
that occurred shortly before his
death. Four graduates of Union
Theological seminary were accepted
for ordination in the Presbyterian
ministry, notwithstanding their
doubts on such cardinal points of
doctrine as the literal interpretation
of the virgin birth and the phy
sical death of Lazarus. One of these
four was the son of Dr. Van Dyke I will not stand the test of higher
who stated in their behalf that a! musical or literary criticism, but it
belief in the old fundamentals of Us not probable that church goers
orthodoxy was not essential to
Christian faith. He denounced the
new attempt to exalt the letter
above the spirit in Judging the fit
ness of men for the Christian pul
pit This incident and the lightly
heralded passing of Dr. Briggs are
reminders of a lack of interest in
theological controversy todsv as
onmnorot tirin, vootoov ii
compared with yesterday. It reveals stick. Their success does not de
the liberalizing tendency that thejpend entirely upon appeal to the
Higher Criticism wrought. It shows (cultured.
that excommunication has no ter-1 Any hymn that Is popular with
ror for the studious. It proves that
the hetrodoxy of today may become
the orthodoxy of tomorrow. It dem-
lonstrates that the rule of reason Is
to be followed, that language Is in -
adequate, that words lose their
iginal meaning in new environment,
that interpreters unconsciously color
thjelr interpretation and that the
only tests of creed are reason.
Christian experience, and the Holy
Scriptures as well as church do
cision. THE BEST 8ELLEK
T
ilIE Bible continues to be the I
best seller. Other nublica-1
tlons may be boosted
Hnu '
boomed, but this one book, old(poBG of religlouB BOng ls to stir the
and yet new at every turning of the
leaves, holds precedence, as it.
should.
The China agency of the Ameri
can Bible society reports Issues for
tbe first six months of 1913 of
nearly one million Bibles, Testa
ments and portions of the Scrip
tures, and there are yet two depots
to report. It is expected that two
million copies will be distributed in
China this year
One need not be a church mem-1
ber, or even a believer, to under-
stand the Bible's popularity. Mere-1
ly as literature It holds front rank
among books. Its style Is unap-
proacnaoie, its stimulus to thought
unsurpassed. Men and women read
li for culture's If not for religion's
sake, and there la no better teacher.
But culture cannot be acquired
through reading the Bible without
also building up morals. The time
Is gone when carping, criticism on
the book was popular. It ls now
being read with better understand
ing. There ls general . acceptance
of the fact that-history recorded in
the Old Testament wag not written
for the purpose of perpetuating a
tandard of life; people are taking
guidance from the New Testament.
And b wcJjOagtoWingbeUer be
cause- of It
lng civilize the world. ' Reading the
book Is not so much a command of
religon in the common acceptance
of the term as it Is a duty one owes
to self. If man or woman reads the
book understandlngly and follows
its teachings conscientiously there
will be little occasion for studying
other laws. Tho Bible is a com
plete and reliable compendium on
living.
MERGING THE CHURCHES
C
ANADA has taken a decided
step in the general movement
for merging the churches. The
Presbyterian synod recently
! voted overwhelmingly for union
wlth the Methodists and Con grega-
tlonalists, the. two latter bodies hav
ing already taken similar action.
The Presbyterian church In Canada
has sflown greater signs of activity,
and It Is significant that its new
vigor is to be used' In Christian
union rather than In denominational
amsion.
The Chicago Tribune says several
factors entered Into this movement
to assure success. None of the
three Canadian churches is subdi
vided as in the United States and
elsewhere. Another factor is that
the two sects of Presbyterians in
Scotland, the United Free church
and the Established church, have
lurled their doctrinal differences of
centuries' and are already moving
toward union. A third reason is the
recent settlement of western Canada
1 DQIUOID IIOTQ all CflU UUllCU
locally.
Episcopalians across the border
are also looking toward union with
other denominations. The Church
Unity League is active in behalf of
Buch a movement in spite of pro
tests from eastern bishops. '
In the United States there are
signs of willingness for union
! n m nn nr riinn rv- I n n 4 1 n n (1 aiinrtAOAl T
a ill u 11(5 urjuuuiiuaiiuuo duj;udgu vvr
be antagonistic to each other. The
PrntftdtBnr TTnlannnftl rhnrrh hn a
nexed( the movement Is making
practical progress. It is certain the
old lines of cleavage are being ob
literated. The time is approaching
when denominationallsm will not de
fine Christianity.
When that time comes the Church
will mean a hig fighting machine
that- will win battles by eheer
8trength and force of urnbers
THE OLD HYMNS
T
HE National Association of Or
ganists has attacked the old
time church hymn and is de
manding a drastic revision of
the song books. Many of the hymns
are said to be crude and much of
the music cheap.
The charge is not new, and
neither is the proposal for discard
ing a large proportion of the hymns.
It is undoubtedly true that the
; books contain many songs which
would sanction revision for the
especial benefit of the musically
educated.
Church music, above all else,
should carry appeal to the ordinary
person. Religious songs are not in
tended, first of all, to be literary
masterpieces; they would not be ef
fective were their merits measured
alone by the higher critic's yard-!
a
the masses has some Quality which
appeala to common humanity. rV
may be imperfect as to form, but it
scrveB a most useful purpose. Many
pe0pio needing Balvation cannot.be
or-jreacnecj through the classics, music
. or literature; they appreciate some-
thing of a cruder sort.
There is no quarrel with the or
ganists except on this point:
Churches mtiBt be popular to at
tract all people. Therefore music
should not be selected to meet the
taste of only the Intellectual. It
does not follow that music should
have no high standard, but in fix-
lnr It full fvnstrtern tlnn miiot hn
,. n .u t v.- M.
given all luc co. 11 iuuov i
mamhurofl that thfl essential nnr-1
emotions, rather than win the crit
ic's approval.
XO IDEE DHEAM
s
ECRETARY BRYAN is the tar
get for sarcasm because of his
world peace program, and yet
Congressman Young of North
Dakota recently illustrated the fact
that the plan is no idle dream. He
j called attention to, the Anglo-Aineri-
can agreement, now nearly a cen
tury old. for disarmament on the
great lakes.
Cities and. towns have been per
mitted to grow up around these in
land seas without the least fear of
destruction by a hostile naval force.
Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Mon-
treat have been fearless without a
single dollar Invested in land
fenses. Peaceful pursuits have
prospered unhampered by militar
ism, in spite of the fact that tbe in
ternational agreement could be ab
rogated by , either party on oix
months' notice. But the 'agreement
has remained In' force; a century
has proved that two nations can
live In peace without guardianship
of the mailed fist. .The sophistry
of war Is discussed by the London
Nation- drawing Illustration Ja tbe
Balkan conflicts. History again
tixsw&t:2iBnii lpe3aaiesu.
i. ii ' . m
bad cement,1 how violence breeds
mutual suspicion, ; rivalry,- conten
tion and open strife. The great pow.
ers who bad encouraged the "war
of freedom" later ylewsd the spec
tacle with horror. They condemned
the strife, but almltted their ina
bility to intervene, while one of
them, at least; urged on the fight
lng.
In primitive days wars were car
rled on to devour an enemy, to
seize women, herds, lands, and
later to live 'parasltlcally upon the
conquered. Cattle stealing and
rapine are no longer tolerated in
"civilized" warfare, but we still
annex territory, for the occupants
cannot be killed advantageously.
Indemnities are poor compensation
for the waste of war. There are no
gains to replace advantages won by
the primitive conqueror. Then why
does war survive?
M. Novlkow, the Russian pacifist,
says in reality civilized people to
day conduct wars simply because
their savage ancestors did so of
old. From sheer spiritual laziness
accustomed habits have not been
abandoned. Then, because war with
out any motive is revolting, theories
are built upon theories to Justify it
The fact is that arms manufac
turers and financiers, the only bene
ficiaries of armaments and wars,
and a barbarian sentiment classing
fighting as the best of sports, are di
rectly responsible for militarism.
Tne profit takers applaud sophists
who profess to find scientific and
ethical vindication of war. They
say war Is the school of discipline,
self sacrifice and all the manly vir
tues. But as a matter of fact there
is no Justification of brutality, and
war Is little else.
War was once carried on for
plain, intelligible ends the primi
tive man was not a hypocrite. To
day war has the same ends in view,
but the hypocrite is in command.
That Is why Mr. Bryan's world's
peace plan may be slow in securing
general approval. And yet the plan
has been a success for a century
on the great lakes.
WAY STATIONS TO DEATH
T
HE September Metropolitan
contains an article by John S.
Reed, a Portland young man,
telling what he saw and heard
in the PaterBon, New Jersey, Jail.
He was a prisoner there four days
last April because of his arrest
whije investigating the silkworkers'
strike. His offense consisted in
watching the picket line in front of
the silk mills.
Mr. Reed does not complain of
his arrest and conviction, but he
draws a terrible impeachment of so
ciety that permits Jails to be used
as way stations to death. Jails
house the petty criminals, the drunk
and disorderlies, the little thieves,
the weak outlaws of society, who
have neither courage nor strength
to commit state prison offenses.
They also Bhelter the big criminals
on their way to penitentiaries. All
are thrown together, and in the Pa
terson Jail all were kept in filth
and crime breeding conditions that
broke down what .little character
was left in the prisoners.
It cannot be that the 1 Larson
Jail is typical of American Jails, al
though Mr. Reed says it is. It is
unbelievable that in many Jails boys
Just starting in criminal paths and
it cn who have long traveled crime's
road, are forced by society to live
like beasts. It Is to be hoped
' 1 pVt.'
imioseu upon, raierBon s jau
Via jfa Daai1. mwr -v s A J a I
birds" could not be reproduced
from facts gathered at many other
jails. But the Paterson Illustra
tion ls typical In one respect.
All jails are proof that we have
not yet learned how to treat peo
ple whom society ls forced to con
fine. They are evidence that we
are not yet awake to the inhumani
ties we practice In the name of law.
No class of people stand in greater
need of individual attention than
those charged with crime. And yet
society complacently sees them
thrown Indiscriminately into Jail,
where crime feeds upon crime and
degradation breeds destuction.
A great indictment against the
Jail, even the clean, wholesome Jail,
is the fact that It forces the prison
er Into ' Idleness. It saps ms
. I strength, destroys his ambition and
breaks down his manhood princi
pally because of enforced idleness.
The attempt ls being jnade to sepa
rate prisoners according to age, but
there must be a way provided for
giving the prisoners some sort of
useful employment. Law must be
gin the prisoner's schooling before
he reaches the penitentiary.
A county jail, says Mr. Reed, ls a
plaoe that takes In weak men and
turns them out weaker. It dilutes
what little manhood they have left.
Most prisoners know they are wrong
and the law right, but the jail fixes
the belief they always will be
wrong. It ls not sufficient for so
ciety to say It feeds its prisoners
well- and keeps them warm and
clean. Whefi law takes charge of
a man, young or old, society as
sumes Jarge responsibility .for him
de-jThat responsibility ls not discharged
by merely confining him.
:l
Music hath charms, and ajnote of
optimism will soon be heard to
emanate from Gotham, now that
Portland ls sending Its firemen's
band to that hitherto benighted and
discordant burg.
: The Canadians were considerably
terse Id Informing Thaw, that he is
an undesirable citizen, when they
might hare 'urialifled ' any number
AISCHROLATREIA
By Dr. Frank1 Crane.
(Copyright. 1911, by Frank Crane.)
By Dr. Frank Crone. .
Alscnrolatreia la a rw1 timA Ku
Frederic Harrison, and Ms definition
Of it la "tha vnrihln' r th. ..i..
Mty, and the brutal." " ,
rv.6 human soul has Its lawa a
"ira ma mw nr. h. him. k..
Keed the body enough alcohol and you
win get delirium tremens.', Feed the
?..ul.10uan nual emotion, and cul
tivate:, a With lntrnanrflr.n mnA .....
get aisehrolatfeia. ,
.rHmefotl"m bd' but emotional
egotism is poison. i
. The best part of life 8 feeling, but
molt HWMy8.th,'bwt tnln8" tht
most liable to ekcess. Beyond a cer
tain point enthusiasm becomes mad
ness, love becomes perversion, and the
til .t J Deauty becomes the taste for
Even In religious" emotion this is
true. Ah Chnrlo. w t? ,.,
suallty."
nmiaoie to toxic emotion is
work, accomplishment, activity. Where
one bas no task, nn
i vi. ii me iaie class that
is tlie dangerous class, because having
no work the soul gives itself over to
ararun ror new aanantinna Thi. 1.
v.. , uinT opium, cocaine, or
wiiiBjiry.
Tlfe first buds of naaslnn in th i
ire .tne most exquisitely beautiful of
all human experience. Give yourself
over to the pursuit of passion, however,
and your end will be-ttnrmost horTTbTe
vuiiure cunceivaole.
Cubism and Futurism in art are the
results of unrestrained love of beauty:
they are that hldpnnsnaaa inr .hi..h
egoistic emotional drunkenness leads.
After awhile the art drunkard finds no
oa.iaiuiwun in tn simplicities of nai
ture; nothing, but the distorted can
arouss him, just as after awhile the
Victim of alcohnliam ha. rn to.,.
ueer or nonest wine, but must have
- - v i.nva Avi
auKiiiuie, mescal, or vodka.
It was because at the .m..i..i...
danger of pleasure when followed sole
ly, that the Puritans sought to pro
hiblt it. But the master word of moral-
i f. proniDition; it Is self .control.
Life needs love, beauty, laughter, and
i.r,.J"ea8ure or ""ions! inebriation-
niwioui xnese the soul hardens. Yet
with these, and without self-control,
the soul fevers and decays.
The law of life is not "NeVer!" It
is "Never too much!" This was the
motto of Socrates.
A good example of the ruin of over
emotionalism Is found in the poet
Baudelaire. He gave himself up to
feeling and to analyzing the emotions
of his inner life. Typical of his phil
osophy are these words from one of
his Qrose-poems:
"One must ever be drunken. Every,
thing Is in that it is the only question.
In order not to feel the horrible burden
of Time that Is breaking your shoul
ders, bending you earthwards, you must
be ceaseleeBly drunken.
"But with what? With' wine, poe
try, or virtue, as you will only intox
icate yourself; and if sometimes, on
the steps of a palace, on the Kreen
sward of a grave, or in the mournful
solitude of your room, you wake to
find Die Intoxication diminished or
vanisneu, aifB or the wind, or the wave,
or the star, or the bird, or the clock
. . . ask what time it is; and the
wind, wave, star, bird, and clock will
tell you: 'It is time to be drunkpn 1
Lest you should be the martyred slaves
of Time, be ceaselessly drunken! With
Wine, poetry, or virtue, as you will."
The life of Baudelaire went out in
the impotence of despair, the agony of
self-torture. His beauty worship fin
ished In aischrolatreia. His sterile
genius left nothing to mankind.
Compare his sentiment with that of
another man who gave as his life
motive: "I must work the works of
him that sent me, while It is day; for
the night cometh when no man can
woik." The life of this man has h.n
a fountain of inexhausted passion for a
inousanu years.
NEWS FORECAST FOR THE
COMING WEEK
Washington, D. C, Aug. 2S. The
Hague, the capital city of the' Nether
lands, will be the scene of an event of
world wide Interest Friday, when cere
monies will be held in dedication of
the Palace of Peace. The palace was
erected with a 11,500.000 donation from
Andrew Carnegie and ls to be the home
and headquarters of the International
permanent court of arbitration. The
dedication ceremonies wU be attended
by official representatives of the lead
ing nations of the world.
An event that will mark an epoch
In the industrial development of a
large section of the middle west will
be the dedication of the great power
dam that has been built across tne Mis
sissippi river at Keokuk, Iowa. The
dam Is nearly a mile In length and Is
surpassed In size only by the great
! Nile river dam at Assouan. It Is de
signed to furnish cheap and abundant
electrical power to cities and towns
throughout Illinois, lows, and Missouri.
At the end of the week New York
will welcome a most distinguished vis
itor In the person of Viscount Haldane,
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.
Lord Haldane Is to visit America in
response to an Invitation to deliver an
address before the convention of the
KATE BARNARD
(From the Chicago Record Herald.)
Kate Barnard, or "Kate," as she Is
known to every man, woman and child
In Oklahoma, far away from home and
the friends she knows so well. Is ill and
suffering from a general nervous break
down. Bhe is on a farm near Middle
ton, N. Y., and It is said her condition
ls serious.
The state of Oklahoma long has been
noted for Its picturesque characters, but
in all the west probably there is no par
son better known for his or her work
than Kate Barnard, who but a few
years ago she Is now only SO was
the daughter of a struggling farmer
In Nebraska, and had never known a
mother's love and care. Her mother
died the day she was born. Miss 'Bar
nard Is to Oklahoma what Jane Addams
has been to Chicago, and her whole Ufa
has been given to assisting the poof
and unfortunate, in lightening their
burdens by kindly acts of charity.
Miss Barnard la commissioner of char
ities and corrections of Oklahoma, but
this is not all. She la also an Inspector
of mines and. prisons and asylums, al
ways seeking to assist the afflicted and
unhappy. Little has she thought of her
own health, working long hours in ah
effort to solve some problem of reform
for the benefit of mankind, and finally,
under great strain, forced for a time to
give up her labors and seek quiet and
rest in a New York hamlet
Miss Barnard was born In Nebraska,
the daughter of parents who had gone
from the south In search of a livelihood
in the far west She was sent back
south to be cared for by relatives, but
when only a slip pf a girl was returned
west and put on, the land her father
bad claimed, to hold the homestead
while h -sought to make a meager live'
llhood by working in a near-by city.
Buffering JJroro poverty and loneliness
Inspired In '.'the bright-eyed, dark-haired
little child warm sympathy for the
American Bar Association at Montreal
Before .proceeding trf Montreal he WtlJ
spend several days In New York and
vicinity and will visit West Point and
otner piaces or interest.
The bar association meeting tn Won
treal will be preceded by the annual
conference of the commissioners on
Uniform State Laws, which will begin
its sessions Tuesday. There will also
bfe a conference of the Judiciary com.
mittee of the bar association, which
will be addressed Saturday by former
President William H. Taft. . ...
The sixth annual conference of gov.
rnnri will asanmbla In Colorado
Springs Tuesday for a session of five'
days. The function of tne ,conierenee
la to bring the stats governors together
yearly for an exchange of views on
subjects of general Importance, the pro
motion of greater uniformity In state
legislation, and the attainment of
greater efficiency in the state admin
istration. All the leading nations, all the states
of -the Union, many American colleges
and universities, and various other
prominent educational, scientific, med
ical and hygenic institutions and or
iranisattons will be represented ftt th
Fourth International Congress on School
Hygiene, which will begin In Buffalo
Monday and continue through the week.
This will be the first meeting of tho
organisation in America. As Us name
Indicates, ths object of the organisa
tion is to promote the health of school
children. In addition to the programme
of addresses and discussions there will
bo displayed a scientific exhibit Illus
trating the most notable achievements
of the last few years in school hygiene.
Cornell University, at Ithaca, N. Y.,
will be-the meeting place of another
notable International gathering or tne
week. This will be the Eighth Inter
national Congress of Students. The con
gress is a body of undergraduates from
the leading universities of North and
South America and of the principal
countries of Europe. Its objects are
to create a closer international under
standing among students of all nations
and to consider the problems common
to students In every country.
After strangely neglecting its most
famous son for many years, the little
city of Franklin, N. H., will on Thurs
day pay a real honor to the memory
of Daniel Webster. The occasion will
mark the completion and dedication of
the rehabilitated birthplace of the fa
mous statesman. Memorial addresses
are expected to be made by Senator
Hoke Smith of Georgia, and Job K, ,
Hedges of New York.
Another observance of historical In
terest will be the celebration on Wed
nesday of the1- centennial anniversary
of the battle of Chrysler's Farm. This
engagement of the war of 1812 occurred
on the Canadian side of the St. Law
rence, below Ogdensburg. between 1600
Americans under General Boyd, and
1600 British troops under Colonel Mor
rison. The centennial celebration will
be held at the scene of the battle and
will be participated In' by prominent
public men and a number of militia
organizations of the Dominion.
Letters From the People
(CommuiitCHtlons tent to The Journal for pub
lien Hon tn this department tboulu be written on
oolj- one slda of the paper, nuouiu not exreea
DUO words In lengtn. and inuat Iw at-eoniuanM
br Ibe name and addrena of Ina aender. If tbe
writer ion not desire to bar lo name pub.
Itsbcd. bs should so state.
'DlMusalnn Is the STfatent of all reformer
It rotlouallaes e-rytblng it touches. It 'otis
principles of all (sir sanctlt.r and throus
I hem oa.es un tneir ressonuuieness. 11 mrj
bava no reasonableness it ruthlessly crushes
them out of nlstence, and seta up lta own
couvlusloua lu their stead." Woodrow Wilson,
Another Sanitarium Protest.
Portland, Or., Aug. 23. To the Kdltor
of The Journal I have two children
who play, with others, in the vicinity
of the site of the proposed tuberculosis
sanitarium at East Twenty-eighth and
Tibbetts streets. To me, it seems in
credible that our city officials should
permit a thing of this- kind to bs locat
ed within 600 feet of one of the largest
public schools of Portland, where nun
dreds of children will pass the place
every day. Several residences Join the
site.
We have saved our money for years
and have put it all Into our homes, and
we have to pay heavy taxes and assess
ments every year, and I should think
we could have a little protection from
the city to stop this tuberculosis sanl
tarlum, for the health of our children
and ourselves, and for the value of our
property.
I hope more will Join In the protest
in this cause. MRS. MYERS.
Lands Were Confiscated.
Multnomah. Or., Aug. 23. To th
Editor of The Journal While not wish
ing to take sides one toay or the other
in regard to the letters or J. ta. Jonn
son against Socialism, I would like o
challenge one of his main statements,
that lands were not confiscated as the
result of the Revolutloary war. As n
matter of fact, the whole colonies were
confiscated from their former owners,
the king of England, etc. Specifically,
the estates of Tories were confiscated
by wholesale and they themselves
driven from the country. (See John
FlBke's Critical Period of American
History, page 120.)
The truth of It Is that there never
has yet been a step made In human
liberty without "confiscating" or deny
ing some ancient privilege.
II. DENLINQER.
OF OKLAHOMA
the poor. Later she was sent to a con
vent and then taught a country school,
and finally went to Oklahoma City to
keep house for her father.
Her first, opportunity to gain a wider
knowledge of the world and Its people
was when she was selected from a list
of more than (00 applicants to attend
the St. Louis exposition in charge of
an Oklahoma exhibit, Then she received
a similar offer to go to Portland, . but
already had mapped out and made plans
for her life's work. She went back home,
inserted an advertisement in the news
papers snd soon had in her possession
clothing and food enough to feed and
clothe more than 400 poor and destitute
children. This attracted the attention
of several charity organisations and
they combined under the name of the
United Provident association and elect
ed Miss Barnard matron and provided
an Income of $800 a month for her dis
bursement. Seeking a wider field, the
brave little woman organised the unem
ployed and soon was finding work for
many of the needy. She became identi
fied with the American Federation 'of
Labor, was made a delegate to the State
Federation of Labor and also given a
seat, in the trades council.
It was while matron of the charity
organisation that Miss. Barnard became
a controlling spirit in the political life
of Oklahoma City, - She was the only
person who could vote the slum element
independently of the saloon, and, If
need bs, against the saloon. She made
her first publte speech at a convention
where were gathered the representative
of the Farmers' union, the State Federa
tion of Labor and railroad orders. Her
plea was for ths insertion of a. cum.
pulsory education and anti-child labor
section tn the new constitution. She
toured the state advocating her two pet
hobbles and soon became known as a
power In politics as well as a ohampion
for theNSjaustf-tvt lUJt-jjoo-Aadjioiwv.
IN EARLIER DAYS
By Fred tockley.
On June Mollis, In Newark, N.' J.,
there was born to Mr. and Mrs. James
Tlchenor a son whom, they christened
William. James Tlchenor was a deacon
In the Presbyterian Churchy If the vista
of the years could have been--unrolled
and' if James and Abbia Tlchenor could"
have looked at the unrolling screen of
their son's future" there would have
been Consternation and surprise.
Probably it 'is fortunate that we can
not look at pur child in Its cradle and
see the record of the unborn years. The
call of the sea was in their boy's blood
and 'when Will was In his early teens
he ran away to sea making several
voyages to foreign ports. After some
years as -a deep water sailor he became
mate at the age of 18 of a steamer on
ths Mississippi river in 1J31. Before
he was 20 years old he was married. He
moved to Indiana in 1635.
Some years after his marriage he was
converted and became a minister of the
Christian church. He and Colonel. E. D.
Baker, who later wrote his name large
in Oregon's history, preached on the
same circuit in Illinois. In 1848 he wus
elected as a aenatpr from Edgar county
Illinois, to the state senate but upon the
news of the discovery of gold in Cali
fornia he resigned from the senate and ,
started for California.
Hundreds of vessels had been aban
doned in the harbor at San Francisco,
their owners and crew having gone to
the gold fields. Captain Tlchenor was
able to secure at trifling cost tho
schooner Jacob Rlvson. He spent the
winter of 'iS-'S aboard his schooner
cruising the coast of Lower California
and northern Mexico.
In the spring of I860 he was given the
command of tho full rigged brig Emily
Farnham, plying on the run between
San Francisco and Astoria. In March,
1S51, he was given command of tho
steamer Sea Gull, a strongly built ves
sel of over 400 tons, which -had the
run from San Francisco to Portland
and intermediate points.
In April, 1861, Governor Qalnes Is
sued, In tne name of the territory of
Oregon, an appointment to Captain Tlch
enor as a pilot of the Columbia river
bar. This was the second pilot's com.
mission Issued, Captain White having
received the first.
The freight rate from San Francisco
to Portland was about 375 a ton. The
cost of first class passage from San
Francisco to Portland was $80.
The wonderfully rich mines of south
ern Oregon Induced Captain Tlchenor
to. establish a supply point on the coast
so that freight could be brought up
from San Francisco, landed at the near
est coast point and carried overland by
pack train to the mines. Port Orford
seemed to offer the closest and most
satisfactory route, so on June 9, 1861,
Captain Tlchenor secured nine men 'n
Portland-to go to Port Orford as the
first contingent of a colony to found
a town at Port Orford. The nine men
after a battle with the Indians In which
23 Indians were killed at what ls now
known as Battle Rock, escaped to the
settlements on the Umpqua river.
Captain Tlchenor In writing of the
affair says: "Ths report of the sup
posed death of the nine men caused
much feeling. There wss very little
difficulty In finding volunteers to go
up the coast ,as it cost them nothing
and the streets of San Francisco were
thronged with destitute idlers willing
to go anywhere so long as their want
was supplied. We reached port Or
ford July 14, 1861, with 67 men under
the command of James 8. Gamble. Two
block houses were erected and plans
were made for a permanent settlement
The ship proceeded upon herAoyage to
Portland where I bought six horses,
some hogs and provisions and engaged
W. O. T'Vault, who had been recom
mended highly by Colonel Phil Kearney,
an' old school mate of mine at Newark.
N. J. I filed my notification and set
tler's oath at Surveyor General Pres
ton's office in Oregon City. On July
26, 1861, the shin sailed on her return
voyage. "On arriving at Port Orford
it was found necessary to send 14 of tho
most desperate and Insubordinate of
the men back to San Francisco."
On her return trip from Portland the
steamer brought Dr. Anson Dart, tho
superintendent of Indian affairs for
Oregon territory, accompanied by Dr.
Spalding and Rev. Parrlsh, two mis
sionaries with Dr. Marcus Whitman,
who had been killed by the Indians st
the Whitman mission. Lieutenant Why-
man, from Major Hathaway's commanl
at Astoria with a detachment of troops
and the mountain howitzer, was also
aboard.
Shortly after the arrival of the In
dian commissioner and his party at
Port Orford, W. Q. T'Vault, who had
been sent out by Captain Tlchenor In
charge of a party to survey a road from
Port Orford to the southern Oregon
mines, arrived clad in the fragments of
his shirt and told of the attack on his
party by the Indians and the killing of
five of his men. Rev. Parish accom
panied by two Indian interpreters, went
to the mouth of the Coqullle to inves
tigate the cause of the 'attack on
T'Vault's party. He Interviewed the
Indians making the attack and on the
way back to Port Orford, accompanied
by Sa-qua-ml the chief, Rev. Mr. Parrlsh
was killed.
The Columbia and Sea Oull were char
tered to bring Colonel Casey with his
cavalry 'and artillery to Port Orford.
Company C of the First Dragoons, wa
brought up In the Sea Gull from Ben
ecla. Lieutenant 8toneman, who later
became governor of California, attacked
the Indians at their ctnp on the Co
qullle river and killed a large number
of. them with the howitzer and the rlflo
fire of his troops.
On January 28. 1862, the Sea Gull
was wrecked while crossing the Hum
boldt bar, Captain Tlchenor saved all
of his passengers, however. Captain
Tlchenor brought his family to Port
Orford on May , 1862, and in 1888 he
quit the sea ant) lived in -Port Orford
till his death on July, 28, 1887. For
any years his son. J. B. Tlchenor and
family lived In Salem. Two of his
grandsons live in Portland, one being a
city detective and the other an em
ploye of the P. R., L. A P. Company. .
i i
Pointed Paragraphs
Isn't it queer how little a bigot IsT
Nothing prospers ilk the grafter
for a time.
a a
The less account a dog Is the mora
a woman likes It.
a a
Many a girl who thinks she Is pretty .
is unable to prove It. '
Before riving advice to a woman
find out; what brand she wants, or a
man . either, '
. ..' .. ' 1 vi-'.v,. :
v The' more things you attempt to do
the fewer you will accomplish.1 s
- - -:'' . ',
Jl woman is awfully disappointed
whe4tftrirorat auspicloof fall t come
r
l.r ..i.....".'U-4-.