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Th Oregon "Sunday 'Journal. : Portland; 'sunday-' morning. : july u. i9ii ,
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copyright Ult, by ttia 8Ur Company.' Great BrtUia Sights' Beserved.
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Leaders of the Nation's Social Life Jbiii
Hammond's Interesting Cm
Guide Their Sex Through
By Mrsrjohn Hays Hammond" t
EVERY woman ilionld1 itody utenlci.'
8aca knowledge should :aot;b withheld
. until women luire reached moUierliood..
At heart and , goul we are all mother. ? Th ,
' laitlnet of,motherhood U In ne.and 11 U la :
not exercised, toward children of our own. lt
Influence at leaat can ; t extended tpthoso ,
- rho actuallr are inotlMBipv'IEP'lift:. .
Those of us who see and feel the fmportanoa ,
;. of bringing horn the plain truths of eugenics,
to every woman In the land have also felt the
need tot examples 'and , Influence In the most v,
respected quarters. "Thus came about the or
ganlzatlon of a classi oomposed of women
vho are politically and . socially the highest .
placed In the nation a class Tlrtaally In tha
.White House. -.'''7: ",, -C 'J'ifi---'',;''
This class includes Mrs.: Woodrow Wilson,
wife of the President of the United States;
Mrs, William Jennings Bryan, wife of the Bef .
tetary of State; Mrs. Justloe Hughes." an
others In the Cabinet circle. All of these an
serious students, of the sclenoe-of eugenics
snd were eager 'to extend and perfect their
knowledge. We met at my home In Washing
ton and arranged for a. series of lectures by
Dr. Blnora C. Folkmar.' a woman of profound
scholarship, clean mind and spiritual Tlslon.
Por these qualities we chose her as -our guide.
Bach quality we deemed extremely important
- trar : the greatest were'" the last two, tor wo "
knew that unless so guided It would be easy
to wander into perusal of the morbid class of
works on allied subjects, the study and dls
eussloa of which would be time lost,- or worse.
We adopted as our text-books the reports,
pamphlets and more ambitious works every
thing we could glean that they had written
by Dr. C. B. Davenport. Dr. Llewellyn Barker.
Dr. H. B. Qoddard, Dr. J. E. Jordan, Dr. Prlnoe
Jl Morrow, Drs. Galston. ' Pearson, Bateson,
Baleeby, Bell and Starr Jordan. Reports of
Dr. Davenport's work at the Carnegie Institute
(or Experimental - Evolution, which Is located
at Cold Spring Harbor, near Oyster Bay, on
long Island, we know to be among the last
words on the great theme of how to make the
race'better.
-For mothers and tor fathers there is no
oxcuse for lack of that knowledge which will
guide their children Into wise selection of life
partners and the giving of a temple tc future
souls. Parents who Ignore this responsibility,
wtio are careless of - it, are Ignorant of the
dangers In the path or neglect to flash tha
signals t . danger,, should, how, their heads. lsu . . .
shame.
, Women who wish to know more of this
science can form In classes and clubs and
hear lectures by a woman medical authority.
I do not advise the selection of a male leo
turer ' because there Is Inevitably the sex
barrier to frank discussion. A high-minded,
cleans ouled woman Is the right guide for
women in these researches. I am glad to see
that women's clubs In Iowa have arranged for
baby shows at their annual county fairs, at
which there-are -lectures on standardisation of
Infants; so that all who attend will know the
good points of a taby as well as they know.
ANDRH DB FOUQUIERES, the Parisian
arbiter ef the eleaancee, Who reeently
made a memorable visit to the United
States, hae addreeaed tho fashlofwble women
of Parle, among whom were many members or
of the American colony, on the mannere ana
appearance of American children. '
PHe generously praises the spirit and wurago
of American boys and delicately wggesto that
o reoular course In mannere would do tnem no
SaVrnV Here le the report of hie address, fur
nlehed exclusively to this newspspert
By the ChoVsller Andre de Fpuqulereo.
HAPPY American chfldren! How-tadmlro
, and envy theml They lead a life of
freedom, sport and open air, which la
very' different from that of our French chil
dren, who grow pale from loaf houra passed
to' hard studyv , ' ''''T : '
American children, are at their best In tho
country snd country towns, f t have observed
them there with much pleasure. If X had only
seen Mew York, I should have gone away with
a monstrous ; Idea, of tho American attitude
toward children.?.' " "'' ''V
Children are evidently unwelcome visitors
to New York, f I cannot describe to you my
stupefaction on finding that In many apart
ment houses they would not receive children
and would not permit them to be born. .This;
policy-Is absolutely unjust and lmmoraL Tho
divine and human laws require us to do our
best to found a family here below. - v.-i. i
I am shocked at the thought that a child can
be denied the right to Jlvo anywhere. ! I love
i.iii..n .v..n an m-w n.arr . nn. mrm .nm nun
eolation of our sorrows, the hope and the light t
of our existence. " ";,aa' a 'word; ''they "are ;tho
future. Indeed, I often feel very: sad whsar Iv;
reflect that' as a bachelor I cannot know, the ;
Joys -of family life. - Nothing can be aweeter ? 4
snd more beautiful than to prolong one's own
existence ftt that of one's chfldren, to bequeath- ;
to them one's traditions and one's sentiments. .
The child-Is the sunshine of the house. I I; ;
mii4 hl ahm T lltAr1 the other dav the '
mtl an amnlnTA whn had ihnwn Tna great
kindness on the ship going to America. He had
three little rooms, neat as new plnsj In a re
spectable quarter of New York. . On coming
-home from work he found health,' exercise and
happiness In playing with his two children,
aged four, and five years. This trio was com-
;fyip::Yig CMlrem alegiilar CotRgein Maneers SaySM.(ii)p
uose or a dog or horse Oregon Is preparlng
for a baby fair this 111, preparatory to a great
baby, fair t the exposlUon in' San Ftanclsco
to 1915.4 All these movements are placing an-"
Ideal of; race before : us arid ' lndlvlauals snd
the race are better for Ideals. a -l , ... -We
' have' taken ;.(and we -.would adriM
: d f. . K- I ;
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Scono -f .a ChfldrVV Meeting
Which Mrs. Hammond '
ouers taxing up the study, and aligning thenv ,
selves with the students and apostles of e
genlcs) a conservative stand. In eight States
measures hsve been taken to prevent the con
tinuance of a blood line of the unlit those
who are mildly termed the "socially ' Inade
quate," or, more brutally put, those who are
unable to earn their own' living and have to
be taken care ot by the SUte or those with
thq criminal taint There Is much to be said
tor this, especially when we are faced by the
appalling .fact- that-New York-State, for In
stance,' spends one-fifth of Its Income la
caring for its unfit unfit either through crlrn
lnal bias or by reason of teeble-mlndedness.
Tet In such cases there are possibilities of
succeeding Mclousness that are amazing and
alarming; These measures are still In an ex
perimental itate. It Is encouraging to Irani
that In one Institution In Indiana 160 of the
inmates voluntarily acceded to such' a measure
for the good ot the community. Believing
themselves " undesirable cltlsens, they pre
ferred that their traits should not descend to
posterity, v
We believe that public sentiment (and It
that fall, the law) should require . that- all
clergymen' performing marriage ceremonies
Fine French Mannera aa They Flourish
: main. From e Sketch in -That Enter tainms; F;enodicai-La Vie. Parisienne.
Above Is M. t de Fouquieres in the Persian Costume' in Which ; He Captivated -,Pri
Sddety.:
Mrsi John Hays
Especially to
should first . havo . a certificate of health and
character of both parties.' If it can be made
practicable to give also an abstract of . the
health and character of the parents and grand
parents of both : parties, so much the better.
In time, I have no doubt, this can be made
quite feasible,
JL
m Hearty Sympathy.
' We believe In warning the young . against
the ' scourges , that punish the sins ot youth
chat we have dismissed as "youthful follies."
We; belter that, men should, as early as the
years of going away to eoUege acquaint their
sons with those dangers and in a most lnv
presslvs manner. , A woman whom I well know
took double means to this end. Before her
eldest son left his home she had an earnest
talk with him. She told him of the dignity of
parenthood, the duty of preparing for that
honor clean' bodies and mlnda and souls." She
aaid to him: . -.-
- The dearest moment 'yof ny HfewfQ to
when a child of yours is placed 'in my anna
and I see It Is perfect" But If you descend to
wallow In filth I shall think of you with the
disgust with which I regard a swine."
This solemn duty' done, she arranged during
his first week in college, and before the In
sidious spell of temptation could beset him,
for his visit to the Massachusetts Hospital,
under guidance of a conscientious physician, a
friend, she Insisted that he spend a day there
eeeing all the horrors of the results of wrong
living. He looked upon drunkenness and de
generacy; He saw the . dying., He witnessed
major operations; saw men and women sunken
pleted by fourth, s fine parrot, who was not.
the least talkative of the group.
"But alas!" said the father to me, "We shall
soon be driven oat ot our little home, because
we make a little noise, because we enjoy our
selves too much." - . .
In France, if we do not havo many children,
we would at. least not dream of showing such
harshness to them when they do come. v Public
opinion in Paris, I am happy , to ssy would
not permit a landlord to close his doors to
people guilty of having children. Our land
lords are less cruel. Sometimea they forbid us
the possession of a cat or a dog, or ot any
animal which bites, scratches or howls, but
not of a dear little baby.
There are women in New York, and alsorln
Paris, who prefer not to have children for
fear of spoiling their figures, or losing their
freedom. These are doubtless exceptions, but
does not philosophy teach us that the excep
tions tend to become the rule?
Let us face this delicate question bravely.
No matter whose susceptibilities 1 may hurt,
I feel obliged to say that the wife who does not
wish to become a mother la unworthy the
name of woman. Evidently she Is Jacking Is
a certain natural Instinct Of course, I can
in the Blue-Blooded Faubourg St. Ger ..
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IN ' 1
Mrs. John Hays Hammond
to the lowest depths of depravity. Evidently
the lesson was a vital one, for when, two
ears later, the time came for his younger
brother to go to college and the mother pre
' pared for him the same plan the elder brother
begged off for the younger.
"Don't make him go through that." he
pleaded. "He Is so imaginative."
"Very well," responded the mother, "If yo
will promise to take him lh hand." .
"I shall,"- promised the elder brother, and
there Is evidence that he has kept his word.
While .1 think this duty of acquainting the
young with - the terrors that lurk In wrong
paths Is necessary; I do not believe In antici
pating by one hour the question In the mind
ot youth: As well tear open the leaves ot a
but, to hasten the blooming ot a rose. Vigi
lance is desirable, but awakening morbid curl
oslty Is deplorable.
"Make' the stock better," is our watchword.
By informing ourselves we can go far In this
direction, snd knowledge has ever been power.
These are 'some' principles of eugenics which
' should become a part of the common stock ol
Tho Weef&S&ol are increasing several
times' as fast "as the normal.
Babies inherit both the defects and exoeV
'lencee of their parents, mental and physical.
There Is 'no 'case recorded of a normal child
' being born of feeble-minded parents.
It Is becoming a matter of common knowl
edge that one-fifth ot tho blind lose their eye
sight because of infection at birth. -
Our institutions are being filled with tho
blind, with neurasthenics, paralytics snd men
tal defectives.
One hundred thousand babies die each year
because ef the transmissible diseases ot .their
parents.
The laws of Inheritance are not the only
agents In the rearing ot fine children. Condi
tions ot environment promote or Impair tho
not deny that there are cases where wisdom
. suggests that it is better not to have a family,
but tho desire should exist The healthy and
wealthy woman who prefers poodles to babies, ;
should be an object of pity.
I must add that the limited number of chO.
dren I saw in New York appeared strong and
healthy. They have fresh complexions, well
developed muscles, and an energetic bearing.
They have an air ot frankness in the eyes
that pleases me. Everything about them be
tokens strong wjlll. One understands that they
, are preparing to be business men from their
earliest years. They imitate the papa and fol
low in his footsteps.
One of these little men, nine years old, said
to' me with a very- important air: "I'm going
downtown on business." Evidently he had the
ambition to make money at this early age.
This manner of facing life gives the American
boy the assurance and independence of a
man. In France our boys remain under the
control of their mothers until they are quite
young men. We have too many mothers' dar
lings. Children brought up In the American way
are quite capable of traveling around the world
alone, when they are seventeen or eighteen
years old. In 'France the American method ot
education has already had its influence on
the classes of society that are susceptible to
Ideas from, abroad, - Many French fathers ot .
families are now planning to send their sons
to the United States to complete their educa
tion and cultivate a spirit ot Independence and
self-reliance.
I am familiar with the adverse criticisms
which two eminent literary psychologists, M.
Paul Bourget and M. Henry James, have dared -to
pass, on the American child, and I do not en
tirely agree with. them. They object to his
lack of politeness, but I find that that defect
which they greatly exaggerated. Is more than
counterbalanced by hie fine qualities. '-';''
It Is sport that makes the American child
what he Is. He learns the , word f baseball."
with his alphabet He practices boxing as',
soon as he is able to walk. ' I appreciate the
vigor of the American boy from personal ex
perience, tor I received a remarkably hard and
well-aimed snow ball in the neck, hv-rx
For my part I believe that the : American.
, boy's view of life is the right one. The spirit '
of sport develops the ardent and ' competent , :
American youth Into practical and. successful
' men. The American lives faster than the Eu-':
-" ropwi.1 and' this haste makes him a lover of
production of perfect offspring. Those condt '
tlons should be known to all persons of th
age of parenthood.
, . The greatest cause of infant mortality Is the !
fact that children arc born without a sufficient v
"biological capital" to meet the demands of -We.
They quickly succumb In the struggle
for existence, filling graves or public lnsUto.
tlons. m .'' '.';. '-. 1 'i V,;.'v-':''-!''''"L'tv-i?- 1 ,
Eugenics impresses upon us that our ImmV :
gration laws should restrict the immigration '
of stocks unlit to blend with the American pop. '
elation. The representative of one of the
Powers is quietly working to keep the unfit'
of hJs nation at home for that reason. Ho'
tOld me SO. ' f.-: -': ,
The characteristics of chfldren show that
many defects are traceable to parents who are
either too old or too young. ' Thirty-seven per '
cent of all swindlers are the children ot parents
who are more than forty-one years .old. A ma
jority of the crimes of violence against prop
erty, as incendiarism, are committed by the '
children of too young parents. Tet the chll- v
dren of the young parents show the greater
'intelligence.' Fifty-two per cent (more than
half) of the assassins are the children of eld-
erly parents. - ,
, We should all know that consanguineous
marriages (those of close relatives, as cous
ins) may have disastrous results! It only be
cause cousins are liable to haye the same
traits and marriage and parenthood would
cause these traits to become more marked, they
should be avoided because ot Intensifying fanv ' .
lly faults which might disappear in a genera-.....
tion or two of remote matings. The ' antW
eugenlsts' point to Cleopatra as a proof of the
value of inbreeding. She was the daughter of ,
a wedded brother and sister, for it was the ;
custom then for brothers and sisters to wed ,
snd so keep the throne of the Ptolemies In the '
family. True, Cleopatra was wonderfully beau- U
tlful, but beauty is not the chief purpose of
the eugenlsts. The truth Is that it aha were v
living to-day Egypt's beautiful queen would bo
In the ward of Matteawan or some other say- v
lum for the criminally Insane. Consanguineous -.
marriages between persons of weak mentality
are a source of both crime and Insanity, ...
A second principle Is that, those unable for ,
bodily or mental reasons to earn a living will, J
'It permitted to marry, bequeath olher charges
to the state.- Germany and Austria have pro-
Tided that no person living upon charity or .
receiving state assistance shall be permitted
to marry. , ..
It an insane " or imbecile person marries .
normal one, one-half or at least one-fourth of
their children usually inherit the abnormality. A
If two epileptics marry, their children will
all be eplleptica, and It two imbeciles marry,
they will produce Imbeciles. . ;"', s .'v".;v-
A woman may be more safely trusted 1 to
marry above her station than a man. Most
mesalliances are made by men. It is a worn- . -an's
instinct to raise herself in the marriage .
scale. . - -
The tendency of nature Is to slump. It a,
fit and unfit person marry, the children are
liable to be more like the unfit than the fit
person. This Is a regrettable truth which wer
. cannot .evade. ... .
The fear Is in some minds that a knowledge V
of eugenics will .banish romance;-: Far from it
It wilt make marriages happier as well aa bet
ter. ' There will always be love, snd by making .
the race better we will 'make love more per
manent It come-back to our watchword, f
study to. "Make the stock better." ' . ,
We do not believe In the' elimination of the -Infant
unfit When children have come Into'
the world let us take care of them.' Tho Greek4
Idea of murdering: the weakling Infant does not -accord
with our civilisation,' The world would
have been deprived of much of Its greatness .
had we adopted this law. 1 Goethe, for instance, , '
was a weakling Infant But, once again, I say,'
mc us stuay now to mace us stocx oeitert
action. (Americans do not seem to know the
weariness of mind or body, of which we see so
much In Europe. - , , r j (
, The sporting spirit. takes hold of the Amen
lean child at tho beginning: ot his development;
Inspires a confidence la him whloh increases
the Instinct of combat and the quality of cour
age. ". 5' ' ;:; .v.-.f:f; v j. li'.-.-.VtT: S
The enemies of sport say that a man who cul
tivate his muscles does so at the expense ot
his intelligence. That Is an error. There Is a
balance between muscles and Intelligence which
a man must find.-' . ' - - ' -- , . ' v - ..
Are there fewer scientific men and artists
because we havo become to-day, so generally -addicted
to sport f Surely we have enough of
the former In France. Sport on the other hand,
has a very great educational value. It teaches ,
discipline and application. 1 1 know that young
athletes in school make, the best pupils. .Their
games occupy them after the hours of study and
keep, them away from cabarets, evil resorts and'
harmful reading. Athletlo young men are
chaste. The experience of training makea them
lead a careful life, watch their health, avoid ;
excesses of all kinds, drink less alcohol and go
to bed early; - Such a life will not like excessive '
book study, lead a child Into neurasthenia or -
vucuiiuacy, laaeeo. uere) IS no OOIier SCUOOI
to form a man than sport In France now w
are undergoing the happy Influence ' of the
spirit-ot sport "
Good manners and a courteous method of ex
pression facilitate good relations between indi
viduals, between political parties snd between
nations. Let me emphasise this that ' polite
ness Is a most necessary virtue to democracy.
- I have observed with pleasure In New York
that many men are quite models of politeness.
They usually take off their hats In the pres.
ence of a lady. Some ot them even give up
their seats .In a car, and others make profuse
excuses, when they offer you a gloved band. All
that is very well, but I must insist cn the neces
sity, of a regular education in politeness by
those who have he authority to give it i- -"
In old times good manners Were the appanage
of an Instructed minority,' To-day they are the
privilege of every man. We should, therefore,
take care that every man enjoys his privilege,
An ill-bred business man should not be allowed
to succeed, and we should help a polite employe
to make hie fortune. Politeness Is the great
est proof ot self-control that one can offer.
obliges us to be moderate, and calm, it coa.
trols instinct snd trains the win. i i. .
-virtue of the. weak. , , . , , , .
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