' w mrimamm. 1 f . -v.i . ,...-., ':. w ,4.. i." m. -m. r j mm, -7' r m. m i : . m Mf a-.v 1 t. ,i : v-f m m . -j i' m '.(. ''I-- i ' .i" fcipr ( a as a l mm i. .m. 9 w - ma.. m. a i a r . , - . mm m v " iwvf. .. i-; w -"J.n; n " "v , 1 mm 'V -,f t -V TI" OREGON I SUNDAYS JOU but if properly proportioned, the amount that Is lost Is so small that It cannot be detected by the mere driving of tne car. If there is no appreciable loss of power when the muffler is new, there should be no variation in thla condition later oa-...:y ;.,.., v-nuVV'-' :.:;V ',' "In the past, to many makers, the muffler; was a sort of mysterious prop osition, but this condition Is less no. tlceable today, with the result that the waste of gases may be carried iaway from the motor without noise, or any discernible .loss of power. i "I . read ; an : article recently' where, aside .from, the claim of loes-of power being made, arguments .In- favor" of the cutout for signalling purposes, and to ascertain If, the motor is i operating properly were advanced.' Employed a, a signal, the cutout is particularly ob noxious, and In most large cities its use Is prohibited; by. JawiisAa for a cutout . being necessary to detect the condition ; of the: motor; undoubtedly itha feel' of .j;; the motor Is a , much ; better; Indication , as one drives along the road. - If the car Is standing SUU, and one ie working un. der the ' bonnet., the 'exhaust can be beard from, this position i sufficiently , well for all practical purposes, even on -cars-rnost "sufficiently- muffled.." RACE PROVES TO mm I J v! Cnn Ch(inlpA In I no : AnnAlAt People Orice Compelled to Do r Run One of Most Sensa- EBusiness at Nearest Towns '4 No Longer Respect Distance as in Days Past. , ' v.;;-: : tional Contests Ever Held in United States. ' - - - - ci . 1 ' . . i. . ". " i "" ' ' IBB BE GREA n. : -'i Iku i 4 th uaiaau 'mitt ctiie iq Wk of the -woo-.vfy-. orfjiV auto ;tc50ri -.July : between' Bacramento " jfi LoB Ahgetea. s This city V;- to 'city run ' waa the' moi eentlonl M. ce eyer pulled . off tu ' th. United : Utitea. It was not especially apectacu : lar because H was not;, over;-a course f which could be watched by any assero- . , Uly, but tl.a recorfls made vv th 4rtv : r provided the talk material that will live for months. rank (rbeck, the youthful driver who covered the i 444 miles s ot- desert ; and dangerous montaln roads In the re- ; - markable time of 11 hours and 1 minute. - . an average speed of 40 U miles per hour, '.In a Kiat, gained laurels for himself that will not soon be lost. v Twenty minutes arter he arrived, E. ': .'.' 8. Waterman In a Bulck shot over th line, to - be , followed In a little more " , than a minute later by Barney Oldfleld 1 In a Fiat. Less than four minutes later the fourth car arrivtd, and 17 seconds ' ; later the fifth. It wAi a little more ; . than seven minutes later that the sixth V shot across tho line 'followed In four : minutes by another carv ,, The fact that" the "cars were so ' . closely bunched, that the times mad4 M-ere so nearly thq same, When the dig. tance covered and the roads whth were - encountered are considered,; showaj thlf to be the most remarkable race -of Its kind ever seen In the United States. , With this race history, however, the attention of the California autolsta are turned to Santa-Monica where will. be run the Classic-by-the-aea. August 9. Here it Is expected that new records will be established for, the course U said to be much faster than it was a year ago. National Reliability Tour From Minnesota to Montana to , Be Huge Success. V: ' Minneapolis, Minn., July li The an. nual national relloblllty . tourr of the v- American Automobile association start '. ed from this city at S o'clock yesterday ' morning. The route of the tour this year Is not so long, nor will there be , so many partlcfpants ss In the old days of the Glidden tours. Nevertheless,, the tour promises to be . one l tha , most successful and attractive since the long automobile runs were nrsi inaugurates, j Defore it is ended the contestants wilt have made a Journey of over 1200 miles that will take them through some of the most Interesting country of the north west. There will be eight days of trav ellng, and, with the stopovers, the end v will come July i at tne lamous uia . cler National ark, In Montana. : . No expense or effort is being sparea to make the trip a most enjoyable one. The comforts and conveniences en route TRIP TO END IN . W OF GLORY '; will be far more numerous than on the ! similar tours In the past. . In order to 1 Insure adequate eating and sleeping accommodations for the contestants. ; Louis W. Mill, of the Great Northern ' railway, has equipped a. hotel train, ' which will run Just ahead of the motor. lets, stopping at the noon. controls, so . they can have access to the dining cars. and parking at night controls, so that . the automobillsts, can occupy the sleep- i ing cars at night. f- n 1 The first day's run tomorrow will k take the tourists to Alexandria, Minn. It Is 144 miles, one of the medium runs ; of the tour, the shortest of which is 153 miles, and the longest ITS miles. . ; The route from this city follows thu i Northwest Trail to Fargo, where a ' northward turn will be made 'to Grand Forks, and then west, following the gen i eral line of the Great Northern railway, - through North Dakota and Montana to -, Havre. From Havre the motorists will ; proceed nearly direct . across . western j Montana to Glacier , National park, which will be the formal end Of . the tour. 'After running into and -through , the park, the tourists will visit KalU- pell, Mont., to attend a meeting of the - Montana .Good' Roads, congress. i The tour will be finished literally in , a blase of glory. On the night of the f finish there will be a brilliant lUomlna. s tlon of the mountains,; Many men will be stationed on the - mountain peaks 'along, the range Just back,: of the log v hotel at Glacier, park station,! and a,t a given signal they will touch off great, 4 quantities of, red, white and blue Roman r fire. This Illuminated panoramic moan. tain spectacle will be flashed upon the " approaching motorists when the - pilot " car of the tourists is crossing the Mon- tana prairie within , 40 miles pf ' the i ange.-:i::,'.::if,:-;Vf'r'',:;V.;;,: After, reaching Glacier park, . numer- ; ous side trips will be taken to places of - interest in that section, inaian reserve Hons will be visited and tribal ceremon les witnessed. The tourists will be en t couraged to ; return, over the roads 'y tnrougtt Missouia . ana suite (or . Hoi , , , en) to Livingston and Gardner, where ' they may leave their cars and make A stage trips In the Yellowstone National I park.' ? t v iJ'"-- ifA:f f 0 ' AMATEUR MOTORCYCLE f: --V ' CHAMPIONSHIP. MEET , , The national amateur'.: motorcycle . championships of the United States will . be run at Deliver, Colo., July.J32. A ' magnificent silver . trophy, which i Is x known as the Bosch trophy, wilt be pre ; seated to the rider whq accomplishes K the most consistent performance-In the , amateur championship races run during . the meet . .The winner this year will be 1 officially i.V recognised throughout the country .as the amateur; champion of ' America and will be In a cosition tn A,: I fend -'bis UU ' against aU;-.-eomr';.,W gainst ail comers. If load Is being hauled, try closing the -Vvii.V,? :park gap, slightly.-, , '..v-.'K-i -''.::;" . ,,.. ",:.. ......'. . V ' f; v . .'. .-. Ji ...... ... ... k necessary, - r. jyM,! BASEBALL LINGO HAS ' TO TAKE BACK -SEAT COMPARED TO ."AUTO The baseball fan with 1 funny remarks was thought be 4he Ust word Irt "bugs." t a fe.w ,. minutes spent among owners or tew automobiles show how really poor the baseball fan is as a dispenser of laughable ' sayings.-. The following few r marks can be heard at any gat ering. of auto enthusiasts: "Say. when I sten on her tall apa give this old chump. chariot . the gas, .1 , go so fast the tele phone poles along the side of the road look like a picket fence." - "Oh, I get about It miles out of a gallon on, a good road, but -mine - Is . the only car in., this man's town that will do It" t. "Whenever I see a friend on e Vthe street I pick him, up and arivai him rldn." "I haven't got any tlectrlc lights, self-starter, cigar lighter, curling irons or fireless cooker -In my car, but I have got an en gine, believe me. J I can go up a. hill . faster' than any otfier car In this town -can go down hill. The last motor cop who chased me didn't look any bigger than a microbe- on a flea's hind - leg when I looked back three 'min utes after the race started." ' "Notice her take the, corners T Somo boat, what?" . You ought to see her when she . Is running right. The dlffereh tlaj- is crossed Uh the brake- i beem no." IThat Jnakes the IU- tie noise your-notlce."i- : ri-v;.v "If anybody should come to me" 4 . r1:ht now and offer me 1800 4 more for this wagon than I paid d 4 for it I would' say: -'Friend, this 4 4 automobile Is not for sale.' Just ' to show you "how much t think 4 e of this car, I would rather, get e e. stock in the? mud in this car 4 e and stay . there all day than to e. " ride on a dry pavement In any Gttertmtiar -v: V SUGGESTIONS FOR THE AUTOMOBILE OWNERS In driving over a newly tarred; road it is almost Impossible to escape with out getting the body of the car splat tered with -the sticky composition ana too often this , causes the auloist con siderable annoyance. If . taken in time, these spots are not hard to remove. The machine should first be washed to do- away with all grit and dried with a chamois by patting, not rubbing the body. This Is done so that the tar may not , be smeared. J Vaseline or butter should next be applied to the spots and rubbed in i With the fingers. A thor ough wash with body soap and the usual polishing will see the complete removal of the trouble. : .'v " - -: If the autolst will examine his valve spring when he' hears a scraping noise, varying lin Intensity, it Is very likely that he will find the trouble Is caused by the. spring becoming deformed or misplaced and that it is rubbing against the plate which enclosed the valve me chanism. The noise Is usually ac companied ' by .improper functions of the motor and the evil can be . corrected by fitting a new spring or reshaping tne oia one to a-void contact with the cover piate, yj;:j-3..;. v.-".?' V;.1.'' ' ..' "G6od:1mianner' ara'not confined merei !y to the ball room 'and to the parlor, but should be observed oh the road : by autolsta, but sometimes that is lost sight of.- Did you ever have -some "bug" come honking up behind you, as you drove along at a i comforUble, speed, bonking as If he were on an emerancy call , at a 0 mile rate and then have htm pull up in front of you and give you his dust for a- couple . of - miles T j nose are ,oao .manners too often, in dulged tojfcjKtfri&'-tfri ': ':::;!'-;? '-i :WieB-'itt.HV'-alSBe4-Vi'latlailM your tires, drop a film of moisture over the valve outlet If the moisture stays there,' then you can be sure that your valve does not leak, but If it does not, the . contrary Js the , case. . When the valvecap is replaced after It has been sorewed down tight, loosen It slightly and listen' for escaping air. - If there It any; then the cap has pushed the valve plunger down and the cap should either be fitted with a new washer or a new cap secured, I . , v ' ' V 1 1 ''' t( H A' , Rain-water' is considered the best remedy for the "furring" of the radia tor or. the connections. 'Rain water of course has no mineral deposit and con sequently its use will result In the dissolving of all mlneral-tfeposits In the radiator. The water should be. drained off when' hot. ..- ' ., -. r ;', , , Does your .motor, persist In missing when you only have a light load? Be. tore-adjusting your carburetor to rem edy the trouble, try making the -spars' gap a little wider, providing of eouracl that a rrmgneto is useq. On the e'.eer hand, if the motor misses when a keavv Tit l:-:i-rtS ' SRtffiJ a Top picture 'shows Teddy Tetslaf t in bis-: Flat 'car, rounding .curve at . the Taooma race course' at a speed of 71 miles an hour.4 The ..lower picture, taken In the remarkable time 1-1400 part of a. second. ' shows Bob Burman In - the Blltsen Benz; 'a 200 - horsepower machine.- as " he f passed the official timer, after having made a mile In the GLEANINGS FROM - B. It, Miller, western manager of the Bosch Magneto company, with headquar ters at' San Francisco, was a visitor in Portland during the week, on his way back to the Bay City after a trip through the sound cities, He was present at the race jat, Taitna heldj durnf .tha recent WH-r?--'v,l'.v-''' ' ': :: . i, L. Jones, a business man of New York, arrived In 8afl Francisco recently In his. automobile., having driven across the continent. In Just 23 running days. The 'car carried three passengers, bag gage and accessories. The records show that Just 3631 miles were covered, and it was the opinion of Mr. Jones that the shortest. iron te . possible 'had . been f oI- lowed. , All automobile economy records were shattered by 8. O. Avercll of New York, when he drove a Franklin car 86. S miles on one gallon of gasoline recently on IN NEXT FEW ; Plans are being made by the Portland Automobile dub for a club run to New port in the very near future, in which It Is expected that between 75 and 100 club members will - participate. Frank Robertson of the touring committee Is making a trip now to find a road to eastern Oregon, with the view of lead ing a club run in that direction. He expects to find a road at Rhododendron that will get him through to Prlneville, and will return by vty1 of Wamic. This will be a three day trip. Many Inquiries are being made of the club secretary regarding the- roads be tween here- and Taooma and Seattle. Secretary Chambers advises that par ties wishing to make this trip leave here at.'l o'clock for Kelso via Van couver, and apend the night at Kelso, a the road between Portland and Kelso is very rougn ana tiresome, causea py the recent , heavy rains and the too sudden dry up. .i " ''i ; From Kelso to Castlerock, tourists should stay on the west side of , the rivers and travel over a new , but 'very good road, y From Castlerock the ' Pa cific highway can be followed to Seattle and Tacoma. jf:: : v.;V . . : "'. S The eastern routes are itill very bad aad it will be several weeks before the passes are in condition for tourists. 'Mr. Chambers advises shipping cars to The Dalles or Hood River for the eastern Oregon trips. All roads In eastern. Ore gon and Washington are good now. and Will be until the wheat hauling season Th Portland ) Automobile 'clubhouse has been the scene or many gay parties dunng the- past few days.; ..Fifty-two eye. ear and nose specialists' who were In convention In Portland . were enter talned there, at a banquet last . week, and dinners and dancing parties were given by Frank K. Watklns, Blaine R. Smith, Fred Krebs, Frank Ranson, F. C. 8mith and others.?1?; -'o BUD FISHER NOW USES t ' "MUTTi AS AUTO CRESA K- A .. .r :M''vf'i'' ' Bud Fisher, whose clever Mutt and Jeff pictures have delighted thousands of Journal readers In the past few years, has Joined the ranks of the motor bugs. Mr. Fisher's- choice is a Loxler. i Fisher's Originality found expression both In the way his ear Is decorated and the manner In 'Which It was , shipped from the factory. So anxious wss the cartoonist to receive his machine; that he ordered It eent by express: Once It arHrsJ in the big town the newspaper artist tried his hand at mural decorat ing on the tw rear doors of the car.-A small miniature of Mutt now adorns one tonneau door with ft counter . portrait of Jeff. on the ,ther.door,.vV''-':iv'H'vvi MANY RUNS ON TAPIS WEEKS fastest time ever recorded on a circular track, namely SO 1.5 seconds. These pictures were taken during the recent race meet at the Montamara Festo, Sphere the spectators were fur nlshd with hundreds of thrills for every minute that the autos were under way. These two spectacular drivers are In Seattle today and are racing there be fore a large crowd of auto enthusiasts. AUTOMOBILE FIELDS Long Island. The test was made under the auspices of the Automobile Club. of America. ' "William a. Northrup, district manager of th Willys-Overland Automobile com pany, was, a. guests the Oregon during the week. He was in Portland on ny uib annual vibiis, ana is- caning on an the western agencies. . 1. . - - -- - - - - William Northrup, the factory repre sentative of the Overland Auto company of Toledo, and C. E. Gates, the Medford manager of the company, were guests during the week of J. W. Leavitt, the local agent for the Overland car. ' ,, . ' t. . .The appolntmeht of J. F. Gfrorer as manager of the Alco general service de partment, has Just been announced by C. A. Benjamin general sales manager of the American Locomotive company. Mr. Gfrorer took up hid new duties on July 1. SEATTLEfTES -RETURN A.' H. Gould of the Gould ' Lumber company, Seattle, accompanied by his wife and Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Freeman of Olivia, Minn., were In Portland Friday en. route to Seattle, after an automobile trip from Seattle through Oregon and California and Into Mexico.; A. border town, Tijuana, was the Only town In Mexico vlsjted. " ','. i . - - In discussing his trip,' Mr. Gould ad vised all tourists against the road for SO miles out. of Kennett, Cel., where he states the Pacific highway la so narrow that' there Is only three place's where autos can meet and pass. Tourists, he said,, should take the old Oregon road through, Baird. The party was making the trip between Los Angeles and Sac ramento during the recent races be tween the two towns; and sawr the motorists on their way. ' ' : The roads In, Oregon he declared were very bad, especially for 100 miles south of Eugene. This road, however. Is be ing , repaired. , The best road to Los Angeles, ha says, la via Sacramento. From Eugene to Salem via Independ ence, not on the Pacific highway, is said to be a very good road. , "There Is not as much travel as could be expected, but I : believe that there will -be more from now on," declared Mr. Gould. "We have' been gone from Seattle Just one month.", Mr. Gould- la a ".veteran tourist, . having : driven' hla car,: a- Plerce-Arrow.v to Minnesota on one tour. .,- v- , .j.fc'.U'i.--. : DO NOT USE DEFLATED TIRES BECAUSE OF HOT r? WEATHER CONDITIONS In these summer days i many drivers are operating their cars ' on tires . about half ; deflated. ' '4 They are doing' this on , the, theory that the heat will ex- m 4 r pand the ' air and result In. a.;. 4 V weakening oi tne rioer or pos- 4 4- ajblya1 blowout.'1.'; h' ';, v.-. 4 e V And that is exactly Whera .. 4 4 they -get off wrong., pneumatic :-e 4 f tires' I well j inflated , run much . 4 cooler than one underflated. due 4 " to the fact that beat is gener- 4 ,ated largely by ; the flexing ; of v -e 4 , the fabrlo In ,the easing. : 1 4V : J If. follows that a tire carry.' 4 Ing about one halt ordinary air' 4;; capacity -will fi8x f much -more V than one' under heavy pressure. 4 Consequently the deflated ,. tire ' stands In' danger of devulcanlia- 4 tlon of tha rubber, especially so e .vhen high i rates , of ; speed ara ' e continued over dirt roada FROM LONG TOUR With 1,100,000 automobiles in useand J.200,000 miles of road, It Is to be noted that now lit the United States there U a motor-driven vehicle for every two miles of highway. ' ; "Many, public men have not yet real ised the change this class of vehicles has wrought In commercial as well as social conditions." said Robert P. Hoop er, former president of the American Automobile association and recently re elected for the seventh time as the heaj of the Pennsylvania Motor federation, "Their minds ; do not seem , to reajyy absorb the logical resultants of the fact that 4he city 94 miles away is as ac cessible for business purposes with a motor vehicle. as is the railroad station ,4 'miles distant, the distance of the average American farm from Its near est shipping point, with a team , and wagon. "It is a fair proposition that a large percentage of. automobiles are utilised in part or wholly for commercial pur poses. There are and can be no county or township Jines in traffic over roads. The resident of any agricultural com. munity does his selling and buying In the city or village most accessible, whether in his own or In another coun ty, or even In an aJJolnlng atate; and as accessibility Is often a question of roads, he frequently finds 15 miles over a good road more easily negotiated than five miles over an unimproved road. . "Certain roads in ' every community, amounting to about 1$ per cent of the whole road mileage, are the main roada over which passes upwards of SO per cent of the local travel. When a single county In a given section improved Its main roads, a vast traffic Is at once diverted to those roads, this multiply ing traffic requiring systematic and un usually costly maintenance. The local community Is benefited, of course; but so are tne adjoining counties and neigh boring states. "Mecklenburg; county, In North Caro lina, Is an excellent illustration of this feature of the economics of road im provement. Some, years ago this pro. gressive county Issued bonds and built an excellent system of macadam roads. The initial advantage was at once ap parent Farmers Increased their acre age of crops: production became' much greater; marketing cost less, and real estate values were enhanced from 25 to 100 per cent. Then came new tariff oondUlons ndj the through 1 travel of a "Whole section of the state wag di verted over the good roads of Meckev berg county. The travel between ,tht nprth and south assumed larger - pro portions anj it went by way of Meek lenbeca county because of- its gooJ roads- "As a matter of fact, the injustice to the taxpayers of Mecklenberg county must be apparent to every falr-mlndcd man. Nearly every county in tha coun try lying along the route of a main thoroughfare In states where etste aid has not been adopted finds Itself in a similar situation; either with improved roads which from outside traffic are wearing out, or else prevented from making Improvements by the not un tiatural feeling on the part or the peo ple that they cannot afford to bullJ and maintain roads upon which would come (he greatest wear from outside the county, with no corresponding advan tages. The logic brings the inevitable conclusion that it Is the duty of the state. In justice to the people of the counties, to build and maintain roads over which passes the through travel of the people of the state; and the duty of the nation. In justice to the states, to construct and maintain those im portant through routes which connect the great centers of population and Commerce," OPPOSESTHE USEOF MUFFLER CUT OUT George W. Dunham, vice-president ana consulting engineer of the Chal mers Motor Co., has announced himself as being strongly opposed to the use of tne mutiier cutout on motor pars. - "De spite all the controversy to lh contrary, a cutout on the average up-to-date au tomobile Is unnecessary," .said Mr, Dun. ham recently. "The use of a Well designed and prop, erly proportioned muffler on the mod em automobile motor should not result in an appreciable lose of power. By 'appreciable' loss of power is mesnt a sufficient loss as to be practically no tlceable. A motor may be tested, by means of certain scientific apparatus. and the slightest variation In adjust men i or equipment win cause a varia tion In its" performance; but whan mounted in a car there Is a certain range of varlatioh which may occur without being discernible, t 'Theoretically. ; the muffler wJll re duce the power of a motor somewhat, GOOD OPENING FOR AUTOMOBILE SALESMAN . . .,.'-, 'J . , . ' y, with established house. One experienced In wholesale - work preferred. W-4J1, Journal. ..... . Deep Water. . " at mouth of . j Columbia J I. What All Oregon -. Wants and Must-; i' ;. - 'Have! . ' ' i" 304 OAK STREET III"!" l : K Ur bpark rlugsr LWE HANDLE REAL SPARK PLUGS HERE - Arclicp and VVIoaliiQ OAK STREET, CORNER SIXTH v ' Automobile Supplies. . .ELiOn'--- C. L. BOSS Portland Agency ' Phone Marshall 4022, A-4959. 615-617 Washington St. BOSCH MAGNETO , RAYFIELD CARBURETOR STEWART SPEEDOMETER WARNER SPEEDOMETER INDIAN MOTORCYCLE BALL0U & WRIGHT, StaK rhones atarshaU No 35 JHU y. 5-Ptssengeri witb equipment.... ...,...:..1725 45 H. P. 5-Pasienrer, fully equipped. i. .......... IS 100 HALE BROTHERS r NORTHWEST DISTRIBUTORS' Salesroom Corner 14th and Couch Sts. i. V Phone Marshall 5831. The Oar With The Powerful Motor l rnllr ZiulppeA With a. m 3D. aiiaAw mmnmtvm Maw flA 31 STorth lstb, arear Waablagtom. Paoaest ' again 4880, ASaBU ' 1 - A me& mm Volcanizinj 4 Retreading k. fc. BL0DCETTr JgUJ, S; AUTOMOBILE AND SHOP SUPPLIES j 4 " " Spark Plug ' TOOLS : . Brake-Lining MOTORCYCLES AND ACCESSORIES ' -4 , Preer Tool and T Sixth and 311 Oak Sts. DISTRIBUTORS. F, W. VOGLJER, President ; . 615-617 Washington St. . Phones Main 8887, A-4959 VHli l ' FORD flMotorcycfes Distributed in Northwest Broadway at Oak,-Portland. Service! is the rCeyirote , of Business -.' zmmsm Success White Motor Truclc lJ Olrf the increased service they render. even the smallest business i) make it easy for that firm to grow to larger proportions Let ust a,how you how; . . ' - - ; v , THE WHITE W. HILL Mgr. X ;.s - , i ; ',. sPortint Goods. ;V AUTOMOBILES S860, A-663S Hills Too Steeps-No Sand Too Deep 4-4S K. p 19501 e-85 Starting aad XrfgHtlBf Bystam y Co. iFhonei au iaa, a iesa " x. ; v taaso Suppl i rhones--4l " HUDSON AND REQ N - NORTHWEST AUTO CO. Peterson & Sleret Co. ; -'-AGENTS- - 450 Hawthorne Ave. 'SSSSS - Phone E. C4a . by BALLOU & WRIGHT; ' V 817 Eaat Tike St, Seattle, .1 COMPANY 3 Broid'- '7 Xa tae Bnslatss SistHet t ; r t - " CoSTenletis. 1" ft !;V'S:''?, -y ' "i'f,''?h