THE. OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 8, 1013.
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SCNIUY i
sue fer.....'...tlM t Oh moarft I
DAILY AND SCNDAT .
Dp raar I7.B0 I On moqth I M
Knowledge and wisdom, far from
being one, -, ,
Have ofttimes no connection.
Knowledge dwells
In heads replete with thoughts
of other men,'
Wisdom In, minds attentive to
their own. ..''
.; . . Cowper.
AX DfPORTANT DECISION
iu!r. and If optimism fiuds rofuga $1 a May? Can such, a man l re-
hlnd prlnon walla, t here Ms yet llgious when lie crushes down evrsry-
THE Minnesota supreme court
last Thursday handed down a
decision which If . followed by
other courts will remedy,, with-
lut legislation, the evil of dlscrlml:
latlve, ff eight rates. Minnesota has
I law, to become effective October 1
text, aimed, at dlscrlminatire rates,
' but. the supreme court holds such a
(aw unnecessary, but not inadvlsa
ble, because discriminative rates are
prohibited at common law. That
Mature of the decision is what makes
It applicable to all states.
. The ' case Involved" shipment of
logs. The state railroad commis-
tlon had established a rate of $2,
(he rate paid by the plaintiff, who
later discovered that another Inm
s berman secured a rate of $1.50
Suit was brought to recover the
amount of the discrimination. The
. lower court sustained me rauroaa s
flemurrer and was reversed by the
, lupreme court.
The court holds that under the
common law In the absence Of leg
islation, charges must be equal on
. the same class of goods- for the
tame distance. Legislation is sim
(ily enactment of the . common law
role, which now governs. The court
Mild:
The evils of rate discrimination need
to comment, and the capacity of the
immon law, through Its adaptability
M? vuau in VUIIUIIJUIIB, UJ mcvi IUCII1,
fn a measure at least, would seem to
unquestionable, even though It
should be conceded that at any one
time there was no common law rule
against discrimination. In ether words,
the common law is the . legal embodi
ment of practical sense. ,
; Concerning the question of dam-'
ages the court said:
A soon as ths duty of equality Is
Istabllshed by reference either to- the
common law or to ths statutes, the
reneral damages Incident to a viola
lion thereof obviously Include the- dlf.
Terence between the charges Involved
In ths discrimination and must Include
the difference between the amount
bald by shippers when the full rats it
exacted and that accepted from the
more favored one.
The. railroad company, entered the
novel defense that the state railroad
commission had established $2 si
the legal rate, thus precluding the
plaintiff from securing a lower rate,
even though another shipper had se
- cured the $1.60 rate. It was con
tended that the criminal statutes
prohibiting rebates alone were ap
plicable, thus leaving the plaintiff
without recourse in a suit for dam
Iges. . The court disposed of this
jontentlon In the following lan
guage:
It is a matteV of common knowledge
that ordinary railroads are under the
management of experts, and that In a
Tree snoopen etruggioDefween ship
pers and cat-rlers, the former have al
most invariably lost, a result largely
sue to the advantage derived by the
latter from their control of transpor
tation, facilities and their public fran
chises.
. It is also commonly known that
every advance of the common law in
its efforts to protect the shippers, and
every step taken by legislatures to
establish equality of rates, have been
Dpposed by railroad managers.
Now that the doctrine of uniformity
, has become unassallably established,
should any court say that a common
carrier may still discriminate in the
matter of rates, thus building up the
business of its friends and ruining
. tnat or omers, ana yet the victim be
remedyless save by resort to the crim
inal law, which in most cases would
not save him from the disastrous con
sequences of thei ..wrong against him?
The court held that the common
law -,prohibit3 all discrimination in
fates, and therefore the disfavored
shipper has a right of action for
.damages at least to the rtnt at tha
discrimination.
The decision Is of paramount" Im
portance, not only to Individuals,
but also to cities. Railroads have
made rates to suit their own whim
: Dr convenience. It has been possible
for a railroad official to blight
MMn and crnaTi 'nrflvlAuala
Other reason than to build up other
cities where that official had in
vestments. Discriminative rates
have been and are today . a chief
cause of . antagonism to railroads i
They, an unlawful, immoral and
vicious. ;
Other courts holding the inter
ests of the people uppermost should
give careful consideration to this
Minnesota decision.
hope that it may direct men with
the. open rond before them.
Trlfioner No. 6494, editor of Lend
a Hand, must be a fine type of man,
for he goes Joyfully to his work.
Listen to him speak of Lend a Hand:
Kight years old this month. Fine
and lioaltliy, thsnk you. Yes, wa ex
pect to attain a ripe old age, and will
endeavor to leave our pathway strewn
with teed of good works, If.wo-inme-
fit humanity the years will have been
well spent. " '
What better object In life is there,
Inside or outside prison walls, than
to benefit humanity? Read Lend
a Handand then say whether, If you
had the power to pardon or parole,
you would keep all those , men re
moved from a world of opportunity
for, good works up to the last min
ute of time Imposed by law " that
sometimes condemns the wrong per
son; It is a tremendous thought,
the realization that men removed
from society for society's good are
using their best efforts In behalf of
society.. What are you outside
prison walls doing for humanity?
thing but proper ideals, and falls
to' crush them permanently becaiiHo
of their strong roots?
T
diamond Inmire an incn'semi attend- wore so many children near pcrfec-
ance of spectators and consequently tlon that an elimination content Is
more dollars for tho Murphys and now neeesHary.
Han Johnsons? Is not a clean
limbed ball player, as much entitled Standard OH seems to bo holding
to a fair proportion of his drawing lta own in tho market flurry, but
power as society's favored actor or fusol oil is still going down,
tilth f AS 9
iiiu nrsL BUinoriiati ve statement. w.,m r,- . i. Ca lfornla'a notion of nnsm in
. . ... 1 HVUIM VUVl a UD BLU J JllUUUIIltlllLI " "
rrom ires aent Wilson on cur-(for tne ba8eb8ll pjarer to advance that no piece be given the Japanese.
CURRGXCT L1XJISMTION
public Sunday, when Senator
Tillman gave out a confidential let
ter from the president. The letter
Is supposed to outline the president's rlavrT
1 A IT. V.- - ,1 ' '
oAiicvicu iukbbobo. . iio una wen-. Agidfl f rom all
aennea program, as is indicated by
isru 1 a , . m.
wer nnt tn rncf.iv a tr r.Armnt.aa .wuerw, or wuere, is we Juno
of the profits of the manager whoBet"'ldcgroomT
financial success depends on the
W
WHAT IS TEMTERANCE?
HILE the Roosevelt Jury was
defining the- difference be
tween sobriety , and temper
ate indulgence, the appelate
division of New York's supreme
court was distinguishing between
temperate indulgence and habitual
drunkenness. The Marquette deflni
uon may, ds understood, after a
fashion, at least, but thei New York
decision at first glance Is beyond
human ken.
! The plaintiff was the beneficiary
of a member of an Insurance order
which contended that the Insured
man In representing himself to be
temperate had made a substantial
misstatement which vitiated his in
surance. The court held against the
Insurance company, the majority
opinion relying upon a statement of
fact to the effect that the Insured
man had been drunk on an average
of once a year for ten years prior
to his death. He Was drunk six
months prior to the time his appli
cation for Insurance was made.
These Indulgences .were disposed of
as follows:
It was a practical construction of
ths meaning of the terms used In the
questions, the form of which defend
ant Itseir adopted, "temperate," and
using- liquor "to excess" to tha effect
that occasional intoxication- and drink
Ins; beer did not exclude a person so
indulging from the category of tem
perate men who did not use Intoxicants
to excess.
The Jury decided that the man
had not violated the terms of his
contract, and this finding was up-
neia oy. me supreme court on the
ground that he was not an habitual
drinker, bat "easily ' affected by a
usually negligible amount of liquor."
Justice Kruse dissented, setting up
another standard as to a temperate
man's habits. ;
The dissenting opinion stated that
the man, within three or "four years ;
of becoming a member of the Insur
ance order, had been convicted of
public intoxication. He failed to
pay his assessments, and when rein
stated in the order there had been
several other convictions against
him for publio Intoxication. Justice
Kruse said:
After his reinstatement ha was aural n
convicted of public intoxication. Dur
ing the last year of his life ha was
convicted of public Intoxication four
or five times: Once in'November, 1910;
again, February, 1911, when he was
sentenced to iimorlsonmnnr. in ih
county Jalt for ninety days; again, July
29, when he was sentenced to lmnrlnnn."
ment; again, September 22; and finally.i
uciooer , wnen ne was sentenced to
imprisonment for a term of six months,
dying In the county jail while he was
serving that term.
I think he was Intoxicated too much
and too-t)ften -to -Declassed is temperate.
While this decision is not likely
to disturb members of the cocktail
brigade, in view of Justice Kruse's
statement of the facts, there Is
suspicion that mental processes of
the majority Justices should not be
adopted by ordinary men.
the following paragraph
This is the time to rass currency
legislation, and I think we are in a
sense bound in loyalty to the country
to pass It, so that any attempt to cre
ate artificial disturbance after ths
tariff shall have become law may be
offset by a , free system of credit
which, will maka It possible for men,
big and little, to take care of them
selves in business. (
. Reports from Washington ' are to
the effect that the reactionaries,
aided by senators and representa
tives seeking party advantage, will
attempt to adjourn congress as soon
as the tariff bill Is out of the way.
They hope thus to discredit the hew
tariff from the- start The presi
dent Is alive to the situation, and
there Is no doubt about his having
something to say that . may make
senators afraid to go home with
popular election by the people con
fronting them.
Senator Tillman says the Republi
cans are fighting desperately with
their backs to the wall, with two ob
jects in view to retard tariff legis
lation, and to retard or prevent
adequate banking and currency re
form.
The president has a good sized
Job mapped out., for himself. The
influences that made tariff revision
necessary wish to see revision fol
lowed by hard times and stagnation.
They do not want the new tariff
law to have a fair chance. They
wish to assassinate if they cannot
control.
sentiment, pro?
fessfonal baseball is purely a com
Letters From the People
uommnniratlona Mat h n,
merclal proposition and In this age ClSV.
of specialization the successful play'
er is worthy his hire.
PORTLAND'S AUDITORIUM
0
HI na SAiilt au.t
txc Siw worda la letifth aud tuuat b a.
Com itsltd br tha nam anil
""I"' is law wriirr anmn tint Aumir ti
tb aim tmbiiab.d. be mould m ttste.)
Tbe Lenta IUnk Case.
MAHA has an auditorium nrob- : .na' Ju.nVf ""To Editor
i mu- ' . BI JournaiTha Dally News In last
.ui. lun uiu,DS . ownea nlgWa ,MU conUlned , art , ,
by a private corporation made regard to the injunction suit brought
MEXICO RECEIVES LOAN
ESPITB America's refusal to
recognize the Huerta adminis
tration, Mexico has received
the $100,000,000 loan re
quired to finance the National Rail
ways and the government itself. It
is significant that three New Tork
bank houses participate in the loan,
D
up or . puwic-spirited m e n. I by o. a. stoitx and k pi.r t
They are now tiring of their . la- v .Tom Word et al. which in ths main
vestment, and Omaha has the op- l!. rrIct: nd iwlsh, in justice to
tion ofnnrehasln In th wr correction of the
the .city or seeing the building pass Ubout'two week!! T aVo'bt ThV.Snhu
Into the hands of other private own ; Lent' strict, on a warrant out
era, It has been demonstrated that i h j"""l!.,00.urt 'or th.at "cnct,
an auditorium Is not an assured in- icVf of 'ti; "Tn
vestment, even under private owner- mt'sator of the attempt to close the
ship, and the question for : Omaha 5P?n lf. 8katIna" rink at Lents on Sun-
to answer Is whether the bulldlni ' ".'ul' i w" 1a na the de-
i - m u'"o. aier, on Monday,
f . ineM "m Prtiea were ar-
ieu again at tne instigation of Rev.
shall be saved to the city for the
purposes for which it was erected,
or uecome a purely commercial In
vestment, thus losing much of Its
publio utility character.
Portland will not face the problem
now confronting Omaha, but Port
land will have many auditorium
problems, to solve. . With a new
Moore, and the warrant was served by
the constable of Lenta dintrinr arM- .
second Jury trial waa had, which re
sulted in a hung Jury. On Sunday, June
1, one Carter, who waa rer.ntiv u.
vsieo. to tne position of special deputy
sheriff. Informed Btolts and Pierce not
iu open ma rink on Bundav avnin
and In tha event that they did ha would
I pan or tight lx, with lime In the bot
tom. Kven that 1ll not kill them mil II
I poured In very hot wiiter. That t
tied them. J tiled freKli lima lor the
htird shelled cutworms. It 1I4 no rood.
They wallowed around and emptied
thi!r stomachs, end crawlml out reudy
for another feaHt. Crushing them Is the
only way,
OSnORNE YATES.
An Inquiry Into Socialism.
Portland, June 7. l18.To the Edi
tor of The Journal In your Issue pt
June 4, In the column of "Letters From
tha People," you . make some answers
to the inquiries of It. Lowe that need
correction. In stating that socialism at
present Is Indefinable, In any political
sense,, you misstate the faaU. - A per
son occupying the position you do
. , ..... - --j
I, ,
: LINCOLN'S MESSAGE TO
i TODAY
it Will be well for city Officials to the place ha would not only arrest them
map out their course carefully and but everyone In attendance and
follow ft IntAlllpontiv Tr rin ..4 would, confiscate the skates and cut ths
do to wait until th. sindltArinm a- Jfpes hoWln tn tent that encloses the
Zt a v i the auditorium is floor to the rink, and that he was act-
i,uuoiiui.wv ueiuro ueciaing upon I ,n unaer oraers or Tom word, sheriff,
a policy governing Its use. Bnlld- and wss authorised to make the arrests
lng Is for the future, and the audi
torium's construction should be reg
ulated, by future policy as to nse.
and take the parties to JalL A attorney
ior bioii ana fierce, I went, with them
on Sunday evening and saw this man
Carter and asked him what he Intended
when a short time ago they were , wn fh7t pm. J Z T ,
savlnr that th wn0n Lu.. ' learn that Portland people are all
The modern municipal auditorium evening" He' JtEU0Za WE
fa an ainm..t . . evening. Me stated to me and In the
is an enlargement of the old-time presence of two witnesses, that he
town nan wnere tne neighborhood wouia no' omy arrest the said stolt
gathered. This Idea should be ore- ,n! P1rc Rnd cn"cate tha skates
servod tf tha anritrnriiim i. n(1 Paraphernalia, but would -bring a
servea, ir ine auaitonum is to serve huneh of mm .i. .( .. .w.
the entire City. It Should, be avail- rink. I asked him at that time if he
ac-le as a meeting place where one was acting under orders of tha sheriff.
section of the city can get acquaint- .VkiVJ?'""?!! V. -ay ,u"hf tnn
-m !t. ' n.. .x. tb.t ha had authorlty'and orders to ar-
ed with another section, where peo- rest the said Stolt an Pierce, and when
pie in one occupation may mix with 1 Informed him that the rink would
people In other occupations and
open at 7:30 p. m., he said. "I will ar
rest you and the whole bunch In It
minutes and I will destroy this rink
and put. you out of business."
fltn , V. . I W. T k b ... 1.- .
refusing government , CL v.. - and he tells me that Carter waa not
creed nor class. ii", rr."TTJ 1 :..Vv T" , "JwTl
1 ...... HW uw mwvs Utuviievu uuu in mil
manner to arrest anyone connected with
k on
an In
tlon by declining to recognise!? "me- . Tfe udl-
Huerta waa rpfiiBtn's-
- - m vb whbhq BvvlUaUOU'
sanction to capital seeking - legiti
mate Investment American recog.
nition
1. .Mil Vk.U AW-
not been established, and will ! ment must be exerc,8eJ" It, wlU C08t Junction suit in the circuit court on be
be established excent throneh i mone7 to maInt!n the' anditorlum. half of stolt and Pierce, naming Word,
If possible the building should be ana constable or the Portland
r
This
says:
LEXD A HAND
LtSD A HAND, published by
prisoners in the state peniten
tiary, enters upon its ninth
year with the June Issue. The
current number has sixteen pages
crowded with readable articles, read-
able because they-deal .with a great
human problem hopefully, valuable
because they speak with authority,
entertaining because t o p 1 s lire
Varied. Optimism crowds out des-
REMGION AND WAGES
HE question, can a man be re
ligious on $1 a day? has been
answered in the negative by a
Chicago Methodist minister,
minister, Rev. M. J. Magor,
"To be a man Implies he has
a family, a home, friends and proper
Ideals. A man can't have these
things on $1 a day." There is a
wealth of philosophy In the following:..
It'a a narrow notion which con
fines theconception "Of religion to es
caping from hell. A man isn't saved
simply because he has come to be
lieve In a certain doctrine. Nor can
salvation be confined to one part of
man's being. The individual can
not be saved until the entire man Is
saved, end you can't save the entire
man until he can live under conditions
which will give him a chance to feed
the body, mind and heart.
Religion is breaking away from
the old Idea of the man seeking
future, reward as his chief accom
plishment. That Idea ts -still domi
nant, but greater emphasis is being
placed upon the man's life here and
now. Religion is religion because
it teaches a man how to live, teaches
him the doctrine of brotherhood.
It Is a misstatement to say that
a man cannot be religious on $1 a
day. He can, be rellgfous without
home, family or friends, but not
without proper ideals. Ideals may
have a hard time living on $1 a day,
but they can live and they have
lived on less than $1 a day. The
point Is, they should not be required
to live on such meagre sustenance.
The $1 a day man may be relig-
has
not be established except through
the medium of constitutional elec
tion by the people.
The loan has been tendered by
New York, London, Paris and Ber
lin bankers. Former President Diaz
and other wealthy Mexicans, who
were In power before the Maderos
secured control of government, are
in Paris and have done their utmost
to negotiate the loan. It Is evident
that Diaz Is the power behind
Huerta, and that may be the reason
why President Wilson has refused
recognition.
Diaz, in spite of his reputation as
the man who contributed most to
Mexico's prosperity, had little con
cern about Mexicans. As president
he exploited Mexicans for the finan
cial benefit of himself and wealthy
friends. His foreign alliances were
for personal gain, and Mexicans suf
fered. The Maderos, stood in the
way of further personal gain.
Huerta secured their assassination
underthe f orm)f lawTbe Mex-4-
icans themselves were never consid
ered by Diaz, Huerta, and perhaps
not by the Maderos.
But. human rights seldom concern
capital. Human beings may starve
in slavery, so that capital . secures
safe investments. Capital will use
civilized government, if it can, to
perpetuate uncivilized government.
President Wilson has taken the
rlghfattitude on the Mexican situa
tion. Mexicans should "be given a
voice in their government. America
should not become a guarantor of
debts contracted against a helpless
people.
America still has the satisfaction
of knowing she has not gone into
an arrangement for using a devas
tating army as a collection agency
to prey upon prostrated people.
made self-sustaining. Rentals must
be charged, but the rentals should
be fixed on a graduated scale that
will open the auditorium's doore to
all not necessarily to all at the
same times, but the rentals Bhould
make the building available to al
pocketbooks.
If grand opera Is to be given
grand opera should pay full price
for the building. If community
meetings are to be held, the rental
should no more than cover the cost
of opening the doors.
The young suffragette who rudely
interrupted the derby by seizing
the bridle of the king's hone, was
an "honor graduate" and "highly
educated." One Is led to Infer that
a course In common sense would be
a valuable addition to the curricula
of English colleges.
WORTHY HIS HIRE
S
Henceforth the thirsty traveler
across the state of Washington will
be forced to quench his thirst with
water. Owing to the liability of
firms from a confusion of wet and
dry boundaries the transcontinental
railroads have cut off their buffet
service.
Wellesley college glrlB have dis
banded their $5000-a-year-hu8band
club. Evidently decided that spin
sters were already a drug in the
Boston market, and that husbands
with any, old income would be pref
erable to none at all, .
.Right here in Oregon we will
soon have a rival to the New Jem
salem. The pally Democrat de
clares that "Albany has now be
come a dogless, sowless, henless,
boozeless, swearless town." ,
Ella Flagg Young, superintendent
URPRISE at the large sums paldof Cfllca8 chools, says she prefers
uiou iu nuiuvu an leacuerv uecause
men are more ambitious and are
not Influenced by the back ground
thought of marriage and home.
professional baseball players is
often expressed by the super
ficial observer. This surnriaa
is based on the assumption that a
calling which depends in great
measure on physical strength does
not deserve - so rich a reward as a
vocation Teaulring long mental
training. - . - -
This assumption is not well based
when the elemental fact that Drofea-
jsional baseball is "strictly business"
is taken Into consideration;
Like all other forms of commer
cial amusement professional base
ball is governed by the receipts of
the box office. ,
If a player has grown into a pub
lic Idol he Is entitled to a fair di
vision of the dollars that his per
sonality draws to the magnates' cash
box. He Is as worthy his hire 'as
Is the grand opera or theatrical
star- ,
Why should it be. a subject of
cago minister to the contrary not
withstanding. A better topic for a
sermon would be, can a man be re
ligious who pays his employe ' but
amazemeht that Ty "Cobb should1 de
mand and receive a salary nt- t1R .
laua. and.many-of.4hem arertheCM40O a year fof 1 his 1 BervtcesTTrTTlat
That Kansas couple seemed cheer
ful and happy at Portland, after
walking nearly 15,000 miles. Yet
they could hardly have undertaken
the excursion for the good of their
soles.
In. retiring behind the bars, Mr,
J. Johnson will merely have changed
positions with.tho added difference
that an obese mixologist in a white
apron will be out of the picture.
"Tall Oaks from little acorns
grow." And the Beavers often hew
them down, as In that weird swat
feet of Thursday on the McCredle
lot. . " ,
The - sweetness of the "sugar
crowd" is turning to acid on the
senatorial grill. I
Frank Chance should be paid a
large honorarium to build up a com
pany of, tall enders Into leaders.
Does not their appearance on the
, ine pTclTng oil a prize baby
seems., to be as difficult under the
Eugenic system as It was under the
old fashioned method. At the re
cent i baby show la tb.lt . ciy- there
and Lenta district aa defendanta, which
temporary restraining order was signed
by Judge Qatens. 'The article in the
News does not do Mr. Word justice and
I write this article to correct tha same.
There is a certain religious element
at Lents, headed by Bev. Moore, who
have caused all this. trouble and who
have stated that they would never stop
until they put the rink out of business.
and they have caused both of the arrests
heretofore mentioned. Each time the
district attorney's office prosecuted
and In order to prevent the further
molestation of the owners of this rink
I brought the Injunction proceedings, as
Judge oantenbeln held the Sunday clos
ing law (being Sec. 2125 Lord's Oregon
Laws) unconstitutional. In the suit of
M. A. Ounst St Co., vs George J. Camer
on et al., and issued a permanent re
straining order. Thia decision was
never appealed to the supreme court
and is now in full force and effect.
Proceeding under this decision thla suit
was brought Will you kindly give this
article space aa I do not wish to see
an error go uncorrected?
GEO. A. HALL,
Hall A Flledner, Attorneys.
The nall Pest.
Portland, June 7, 1913. To the Editor
of The Journal I get rid of snails, or
slugs, by strewing slacked lime around
the plants. I first scratch around the
plant and kill those that are in the soil
at tha roots, and draw fresh earth to
them, and then spread the lime around.
This applies only to plants that can
be easily handled, such as my pansles,
but where tha slugs are so numerous,
I do not know, unless the whole ground
be strewn with the lime, aa the slugs
have to coma out to feed, and It may
get them.
I use lime for tha caterpillar that In
fests the' trees. I rake them off Into a
should certainly know that socialism
aa a political world movement haa a very
definite and definable political program,
your reference to tha disagreements
among propagandists ts a olevsr dodg
ing of tha question and Is altogether
misleading. The fact that there Is a
difference of opinion In the propaganda,
or manner of obtaining socialism, does
not mean that there Is a disagreement
in the principles or end to be attained.
This prlnolole is tha collective owner
ship and management of tho means of
production and distribution .by the
whole of society In their collective ca
pacity, and upon this there Is no dis
agreement among socialists In any
country of the world. While in the
transitory stage from a capitalistic sys
tem of political economy and manage
ment, to a social or co-operative system
may require different methods al dlf-'
ferent stages of development, as well
aa In different sections or countries,
socialism contemplates that (he present
capuaiist system or production ana
distribution Is rapidly breaking down,
that within itself It carries tha seed of
its own destruction, and' what at pres
ent constitutes the mission of ths so
cialist Is the educating of society to
those evident facts. Boolaltsm, recog
nising the Inevitable collapse of pres
ent capitalist society, has formulated
a system or co-operation, whereby so
ciety, Instead of being divided and com
pelled to compete with his fellow
brother In the struggle for existence,
will co-operate with him, and abolish
that economio antagonism that is In
herent in our present system. Your
reference to state socialism, or a pa
ternal government, whereby one would
turn over to tha state a certain sur
plus, as Indicated by question No. 2,
is beslda tha question, and has nothing
to do with socialism as a collective unit
Tha practical application of a collective
soolety would, like all other new sys
tems, have to ba worked out. but this
in no way infers that tha collective plan
of government Is not based on a much
mora scientific aa well as practical bate
than the one now In use, which is rap
idly decaying, F. CRABTREE.
A Critic of the Commission.
Portland. June , 191$. To tha Edi
tor of Tha Journal Permit ma
space to say I had just been con
gratulating tha people of Portland on
the men they elected for commissioners,
all of whom I myself supported, but
waa aorry to read in your paper that
tne rirst time they met for a conference
Mr. Brewster advocated raising tha sal
aries of tha city attorney and city engineer.
No doubt they are competent men
and will be willing to continue on at
the present salary, but If not, there are
plenty of men Just as capable who
would be only too glad to taka their
placea at the same salary. I naver yet
knew a man but what there waa another
equally as good who could taka his
place. It seems to me there is so much
From the Philadelphia North Amerioan.
While the historian with a genius for
date and cold, dead fncts may trace tha '
origin of Memorial day to the chance
thought of some unknown and forgotten
person, those who see things In their
large relation to human progress know
that the first observation of Memorial
day wus on the field of Gettysburg,'
November 19, 1863,
The calendar dste has been moved
to the season of nature's loveliness. But
the spirit which the' nation today cele
brates Is the ssma as that which hov
ered down upon the blood soaked soil
of Cemetery Itldge and the wheat field
and peach orchard, when Abraham Lin
coln pronounced his Immortal benedic
tion upon that sacred ground.
Lincoln Is the, founder of Memorial
day. Ills words have been the inspir
ation which moved the nation to aet
aside a day to dedicate Itself each year
anew to the great task before It; to
take Inoreased devotion from tha hon
ored dead, and-to highly rolve that
this nation shall have a now birth of
freedom. . , . '
At the head of this editorial column
The North American reprints ths im
mortal Gettysburg speech, , Wa ask our
friends to read it reverently, no matter-how
many times they have read if
before. It is to the religion of human
freedom what the Lord's prayer is to
Christianity. '
In all its simplicity of language and
sublimity of thought, the Gettysburg
speech is unrivaled save by ths most
Inspired passsges of Holy Writ
Hven where It fell short of prophecy
it was only to accentuate br contrast
the greatness of Its Vision.' When Lin
coln said, "The world will little note,
nor long remember what wa say here.'
his transcendent modesty left an ever
lasting reminder of the great simple.
apotheoslsed soul of common man which
spoke. The world will always remem
ber what he said there.
There ha stood rugged, kind, strong,
just, patient, merciful all in heroic
mold. With him on the platform was
one of the most polished and scholarly
orators of his generation. It waa tha
orator's duty to make the address of
tha day. HIa address was a master
piece, tricked out in all the beauties
that consummate art could lend to flow
ing eloquence. Yet the world has for
gotten that he was there.
And tha brief simple consecration of
Lincoln has become ona of tha undying
classics Of all language.
It Is not the sublime simplicity of tha
words that has won for it this place..
No mere literary merit could have
achieved one tithe of the greatness of
this speech. It is the thought that
shines through the words, tha spirit
that breathea in the very aentences, tha
promise and hope that auffuse the whole
great utterance.
Lincoln was not looking backward
when ha spoke. He was not merely
paying tribute to the herolo dead. Ha
waa peering Into the unborn agea and
pledging the genius of the American
people to the eternal cause of human
rights.
Yet there was no new doctrine in
what Lincoln' spoke at Gettysburg. It
had been aaid in other words by Lin
coln himself. Yes; and 2000 years be
fore by another simple Man of the Peo- .
pie who came out of Nazareth.
It was the same doctrine which Lin
coln taught when in the debate with
Douglas he said:
"That is the real Issue. That Is the
Issue which will continue in this coun
try when these poor tongues of Judge
mora Important business to be looked j Douglaa and myself shall ba silent It
o . .wau.:ia tn9 eternal struggle oeiween tnese
under the new c.iarter than raising of I two principles, right and wrong,
salaries. Respectfully, W. T. WADE. throuirhoiit the world. They ara tha
4 East Seventh and Thompson Sts. two 'principles which have atood face
- -Unsigned Communications.
Portland June 7, 11, To the Edi
tor of The Journal I read In last
night's Journal of a baby contest. The
enclosed clipping will explain what I
mean. Please answer In the Saturday
or Sunday Journal how and where I
could enter my baby In the contest and
when It occurs.
Also tell ma when the 8tate Normal
at Monmouth closes this year and If
they will have the new dormitory in
use during summer school.
Also tell ma how I can make laven
der rosebeads. I understand all except
the coloring. A READER.
(The above letter, which bore no sig
nature. Is published only for the pur
pose of again calling attention to Tha
Journal'a fixed rule which Is the rule
of all newspapers to pay ho attention
to communications not accompanied
with name and address of writer. The
Journal takes pleasure In obliging thosa
seeking Information, but even they are
respectfully aaked to understand that
the rule applies to them as well as to
those who seek publicity of statements
of fact or opinion.)
.Much More So.
From tha Chicago News.
Is there anything more exasnerat.
Ing," aaks an exobange. "than a bur pa 11
drawer that has constitutional
uon to closing up arter it haa hp.n
opened 7" Yes, verily, brother towlt:
a oureau arawer mat has eonettni.
tlonal objections to beinr onanai aft.
It's been closed.
to face from the beginning of time, Tha
one is the common right of humanity,
the other the divine right of kings. It
is the same principle In whatever shape
It develops Itself. It Is the same spirit
that says, "You toll and work and earn
bread and I'll eat It." No matter In
what shape it comes, whether from tho
mouth of a king who destroys the peo
ple of his own nation and lives by tha
fruit of their labor, or from one race
of men as an apology for enslaving an
other race It la the aama tyrannical
principle."
In the much-quoted passage in which
Lincoln said that labor is superior to
capital and deserves the greater con
sideration; that "capital la only the fruit
of labor and could never have existed
if labor had not first existed," he
shows that he had the same thing in
mind. He spoke not of labor and cap
ital in the narrow sense but of human
rights as against - property rights. Ha
says that the rights of captial are
as "worthy of protection as any other
rights." " But he leaves no doubt that
the rights of man are paramount to all
other rights.
"Gold is good in Its p'lace," he wrote,
"but living, brave, patriotic men ara
better than gold."
The cataclysm of the civll"war con
firmed his early faith, that democracy
la the only government that can bo
trusted to maintain the rights of man
against the tyranny of those who say,
"You toll, earn bread, and I'll eat It"
So at this time, In the state of Penn-
THE SCHOOL TEACHER-
By Dr. Frank Crane.
The trouble with tha school, If you
really want to know what is the matter,
Is the teacher. . . . . j-
The very word teacher connotes the
whole list of antiquated, exploded and
abandoned ideas In pedagogy.
In- a Word,- It lmpliea-that 1tlsthi
business of tha adult In charge of the
education of the child to tell him things.
He is supposed to know rap re fscts than
the pupil, or at least tjknowbatter
where to get the facts, anaogulde the
young mind In cramming Itself full of
knowledge. . ' '
Hence we set examinations for candi-
dates for tha teacher's position to see -if
they "know" enough facts to qualify
them. Now, in vary truth, it makes not
the slightest bit of difference how many
facts a teacher knows; tha only ques- i
uon is does ha nave the girt of Inspiring
youtn
So also we "grade'' children aceording
to the amount of history, arlthmetlo and
geography they have memorized from
books.
The entire out of date viewpoint is
that there la a body of knowledge, which
to know is to ba educated. This may do
ror Mahometans or Chinese, but hardly
for America.
The rational theory Is to send .children
to school, not to study, but to be stud
ied; not to lay them on ' Paocrustean
beds of '"the system" and to lop them off
if they ara too long and to stretch them
out if too short v When the wash lady
aaid to the schoolma'am, "I send Johnny
to school for you to learn him," she un
wittingly stated the truth of what ought
tO ! v--t;. .-:,....
Chaj!esDickens. hQ.wajijympatl
thetlo student of Froebel, In ons of his
works makes Esther say; "I did doubt
sylvanla, where the struggle between
these two principles Is how so critical,
we turn thia day to the promise that
Lincoln made us on that first Memorial
day, that the common rights of man
shall triumph; "that this nation, under
God, shall have a new birth of free
rdom and that government of tha peo
ple, by tne people, ror the peopie.-shall
neVd atudent; "oT chUdr" I not 'ri tr0m th e"th-"
whether Richard would not have' prof
ited by soma one studying him a little.
Instead of his studying Latin versa so
much.". . . . - , - --I-.
trained, gifted men and women who try
to find out what Is In a child and tp de
velop that.
The child teacher stands the children
up In "classes", and gives them a dose
of geometry much as we use the process
of ravage with Chickens. The child stu
dent sUmulatea and Influences the Child
to get his mental food for himself
There is no true child training that is
not Individual., Tha class systsm is as
bad In tha schoolroom as in society.
The class, system Is a labor saving de
vice for laty teachers, a. money saving
schema for stingy taxpayers. Rut it
does not work. A child trainer should
have no mora pupils than he can give
his personal attention and constant com
panionship.
Tha child trainer Is born, not made:
as In tha case of animal trainers. One
must be endowed by nature for It, as
viollnlsta or publio speakers are for
their professions. One must be called of
God, aa preachers are supposed to be.
Child training should be the most
honorable and the highest paid of all
professions. The very cream of the
human race should be drawn to it Think
of an actor becoming a millionaire by
piaying toe ropi wnue teacners are paid
the wages of clerk work I
We have not yet begun to appreciate
the value of child training to the state.
Wa leave it to underpaid agents. We
manage It by the cheap methods of
"classes" and "examinations." The
whola thins' Is artificial, unscientific
and Ineffective. Children develop in
Spite of It, not because of It
In tha coming democracy there will oe
no "tearhtvra"; than tha 'frhIM frnlna.ra'1.
will take tbe children In hand and by
personal contact causa them to grow In
morals, Intelligence and bodily strength.
Tha child tralnerel these will be re
garded as tha true Levies, entitled to a
tenth of all our wages, - . V: ,
NEWSrF0RECASTF0R THE
COMING WEEK
Washington, D. C June 7. Saturday
will be the 136th anniversary of tie
adoption of the Stars and Stripes aa
the national emblem of the United
Slates of America, In accordance with
a custom that has become general
throughout the country In late years,
the day will ba observed as Flag day
by the publio . schools, patriot lo socle-
ties and various other organisations.
Thursday will be graduation day at
the United States Military academy at
West Point. Secretary of War Garri
son will attend the exercises and de
liver an address to the graduates.
Commencement ererciset will ba held
during the week at Princeton univer
sity, the University, of Illinois and
many other educational Institutions
throughout th country.
The Hamburg-AmerlcaBTtne steam-
ship Imperator, the largest vessel In
the world, is scheduled to sail from
Hamburg Wednesday "'on her initial trip
to New York. . -
.The Mississippi legislature will con
vene in special session Tuesday to con
sider issuing bonds -of 11,000,000 ar
mors, the funds to ba devoted to levee
construction along ths Mississippi
river. '
Delegates from many countries, in
cluding tha. United States and Canada,
will take part in the conference of tha
World's Alliance of Young Men's Chris
tlan acsoctations, which is tj begin its
sessions Wednesday In Edinburgh, Scot-
Will.
will include the moetlngs of the Asso
elated Advertising Clubs of .America,"
at Baltimore: the National Association
of Dairy Officials, at Blsmarok, N. D
and tha New York State Bankers' asso
ciation, at Ottawa, Oct
:,r ... ..... -.. i 4-
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