THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY 'HORNING,-
FEBRUAI
EJOURNAL
lMKI'FSDENT NEWPPAPEB
.rnbliabcr
,.1 rery TOTtnf i,0!)
r Sunday morning at Tb Journal Buua
T h and Vsnihnl ata., Portland, Or.
.J at tha poarofflea it PrtIBd-i
a.rwrollon through the mails aa
U'HONES - Main TITS; Homt, AJn.
1 tli cneritor what dfpartmant yoa wane
, Hfth ifwMi Naw Tort! WW "plt
Bulldlns. Chlcaso.
...criptlo. Terma by mil or any
Luc uuea utM r Mi..w.-,
, year... $5J OM ......
SUNDAY v ' .
DAILY AND 80!M)AY -
:....$T.50 I Om month. ........
je
f rar,
All thiora now held bp to be
old were once new. What today
w hold up by example, will rank
hereafter aa precedentTecitus.
4
JUB . HOLD-OVER SESSION
Via flrot ami ffht. turns tha Indictment of the Drlsoner I chants' Produce exchange pleaded guil-
, ,Pft -Wsiature that will 'make 'by his eyesight, to gam ac-;nis late is, m mosi cases, u. i
A grave problem in Oregon" is how l Bible and prudent,
. ... i. '.haKa lio Vila r.at AVia!
the test of real law making, not x
question of quantity, but an' issue of
quality.
THE STATE FOREST
T
quaintanee with the houses . and! has ceased to , De a person, ne is
other property In his New York es- simply the one who has done that
HE defeat by the senate of Gov.
ernor West's plan for a tate lVjce
forest, after the house had ap
proved it, was extraordinary.
It is to the credirof the senate that
it reconsidered its adverse vote yes
terdayafternoon, and ; passed the
measure unanimously.
tate. He put it out or his power,
by his own act, to plead ignorance.
1 Next, he has taken Governor Sul
zer, a wise and experienced man,
into his confidence, and sought ad-
There is something touching
in the simplicity with which he
opened to the governor, his heart.
They discussed the various oppor
tunities through which he, and his
great wealth, could best serve jnen.
Under the governor's Influence
The state forest plan Is excellent yincent Astor chose to start help-
Remnant sections of public lands, :nB. ianhe better farming campaign
HERE H measure of horae-
play in the program at Salem.
1 The; extension of th session
i beyond too usual forty days Is
understood to be in; anticipation of
ecutive Tetoes.
r, Why anticipate? What has the
dy done that leads .it to expect
toes? What has It played for
jrty days that leads it to anticipate
position la the governor's office?
i it consdence-etrlcken, or only in
4 state of nervoua uncertainty?
presumaoiy ine guvcruu
ind an occasional bill to veto. If
tf. he should promptly apply the
icgative. He has as much right to
3oto a bill M the legislature has to
'-,3 it.-- .r ,
i But he should not, and probably
i ill , not negative legislation on
(her than grounds of public policy
I he does it on such grounds, the
ty tended aesslon to enable toe leg
Llature to pass measures over the
.'"to reeardless of merit will h
oollsh and futile business. In such
a event,' tha legislative body would
"otter have adjourned at the const!
utional : time and gone home as
ither legislatures have done before.
: Since however, the over-time of
he session is to cost nothing for pay
f members, nobody cares if the body
omainB convened all summer. It
ould noCeven in so extended
teriod. legislate on many additional
ubjects. It has already made or
hanged laws on moBt of the sub
sets relating to human affairs ana
uraan conduct. In an all sum
tor's session it might even repeal
om of.- the foolish bills it has
assed, including the Multnomah
ounty assessor's bill That cele
rated act with the accompanying
amous contract in the governor's
ffice, lopping off 1 10,000 a year of
he deputy allowance authorized in
he bill, is still In the state archives,
iy repealing the act, the legislature
1ll also repeal the contract, ' and
leny to history the knowledge of
hese famous transactions.
j There is one other acknowledged
Irtue in the prolonged session.
rhere is virtuous assurance by pll
ars of the house machine that dur-
ng the over-time session, only such
tenograpbers and clerks will be em-
loyed as are "absolutely necessary
Without stopping to inquire, why
nore clerks than were "absolutely
lecessary" were employed during
he forty days, the waiting public is
,!ad of the change and Is willing for
he body to go on legislating ad
Ibitum.
j ; There Is a moral in the situation
or future legislatures. Perhaps
they may heed it; perhaps not The
way to best legislative achievement
ioes not lie through a multiplicity
of. bills. , There can be no success
ful session when the membership has
a mania for multiplied measures.
.When : this session convened so
auspiciously, there was no need for
nearly a thousand bills to be intro
duced. We have too much law al
ready. We are mired In laws, bewll
dered by. laws, distracted by laws
j overwhelmed with laws, and pur
: sued by laws until many of the laws
are inoperative. We almost have to
!go to bed by law, , to get up by law,
; to eat by law, to dress by law, to
i worship by law, to play by law and
pray by law.
We are a race of Mad Mullahs as
to law. We want to regulate every
i human act by law. We are seeking
' by law to make the state the little
father of all. We are maniacs in
state paternalism, and with nearly
one thousand bills the session is em
! phasizing the program. There was
, no more need for a thousand bills at
' the session than for a thousand
i domes on the state capltol.
, But they were Introduced. And
j they were pushed. And they
j were pursued. And they were
; jammed and crammed into the com-
j mittees. The more foolish and f u-
tile the measure the more it seemed
; to be rammed into the proceedings
, by its proponents, all of which took
time and needed attention from laws
of legislative stature.
Appropriations, bills for new sal
aries and Jobs, and other measures
on which vetoes are expected should
have gone to the governor for veto
or approval in time for the vetoes
to have been considered in a digni
fied and orderly manner during the
constitutional limit; for the session.
That would have been order instead
of tho present chaos. That would
have been business instead of the
rreernt Irregularity. That would
1 aveleeu orderlynprocedure," in
t?eal of the demoralized and burly
Vurly stampede of bill passing that
:.; beta on , at Balem for three
.-k.
But the flood of bills prevented.
scattered and Isolated In the nation
al forest reserve, to be exchanged
for an equal acreage of fine timber
lands In one body. This body, under
agreement by the governor with the
national authorities, is to be located
near a railroad and convenient to
centers of population. i
It is extraordinary that the gov
ernor could have driven so excel
lent a bargain with the Washington
authorities. The lands the state la
to secure are superior in character.
They are of far greater value than
those given In exheange. There was
objection at Washington to the ex
change on the ground that the state
of Oregon is getting so good a bar
gain. "
The fact that the lands are grouped
and convenient to transportation
adds enormously to their natural
value. The scattered condition and
isolated character of the lands given
in exchange make them practically
worthless.
The agreement so far as the
United States Is concerned I practi
cally settled. Since the legislature
has, approved the plan it will be com
paratively easy, with the backing
of the Interior department, to push
through congress an act putting the
arrangement into effect.
Governor West's act" in pushing
the arrangement to a point where
ratification by the legislature has
put the state in line to secure this
magnificent forest of about 40,000
acres, is patriotic and constructive en
deavor. The Oregon senate did well
yesterday when it reconsidered its
adverse vote of Friday evening, and
passed the measure unanimously.
It is a eafe. and sound, if not a, sen
sational choice. In his experiments
be cannot lose health tor yet money
worth mentioning in his scale. The
nation will be the gainer, and the
field will open before him as he
goes, i Kindly sympathy will follow
his journey to Rome as the nation's
representative, and In his first ex
periments, on his return.
But all the time responsibility fol
lows his every footstep.
DEMOCRATIC EDUCATION
A NOTABLE FIGURE
w
w
HILE the eugenics idea is
fresh in the public mind the
life history of the great
American dfvine. Jonathan
Edwards, may be recalled.
Jonathan Edwards was born In
1703 and died of smallpox at Prince
ton college. In March, 1758. He had
taken office as president of the In
stitution a month before.
His father was the Rex. Timothy
Edwards, his mother was a daughter
of the Rev. Solomon Stoddard of
Northampton, Connecticut.
When twenty-two years old Jona
than Edwards married a daughter of
the Rev. James Plerrepont of New
Haven.
Dr. Edwards was selected, at a
gathering the other day, of men well
qualified to judge, as the American
who had lived the most successful
life.
He married the most cultivated
woman of his time. He achieved the
most profound spiritual experience,
which he recorded in books that
marked an epoch in theology. As
writer, preacher, and educator, he
won undying fame.
Both he and his wife were chil
dren of the manse. The strain of
heredity that they transmitted to
their children in turn shows these
facts. Three descendants of Jona
than Edwards have been presidents
of Yale college. There has seldom
been a time when descendants of his
have not sat in the Supreme Court
of the United States. Among de
scendants of Jonathan Edwards the
following well known families may
be noted, the Fields, the Powers, the
Brewers, and the Dwlghts.
While we most seriously urge the
unquestioned danger to the com
munity from the mating of the unfit
It is well to be able to point to such
instances as that before us, where the
nation, and the whole world indeed,
have gained by the transmission
from one generation to the next of
qualities that make for eminence,
for strength, for goodness.
HAT does Democratic educa
tion mean? First, that the
teaching of bur schools must
be fitted to the "needs of
the common child of the common
man." Second, that it muct meet
the social needs of a dc -cracy,
which prospers or retrogrades with
the progress of its children.
The pioneers of industrial educa
tion In the common schools applied
the first remedy at ht.nd to supple
ment the text book tea :lng with
some such training of eye and hand
as Bhould set the bor forward on his
wa to earn his living when he had
gone through .school. They stopped
there. They knew that precious
years were being passed in drilling in
grammar -and in algebraic theorems
which ninety-nine out of a '.undred
pupils would promptly forget when
school "rrs closed behind taci uad
they then met the serious needs of
life. But a partial addition and not
a general reconstruction of the sys
tem of the schools was all these
pioneers had in mind.
As the cities grew so the problem
of Industrial education expanded un
til it has become one of the most
vital of the day.
It has been well said that "tho de
mand of the hour is no longer that
children shall be taught craftsman
ship, but that the entire theory and
practice of public education shall be
overhauled with a view to fitting it
to the needs of a democracy, to con
verting it into a training school for
citizenship in this great democratic
republic."
The new system is no opponent
to culture, and still less to mental
discipline. It does believe that both
may be attained in the process of
deed. ' ,
We have only one treatment for him.
The system wlil eutject him, whoever
he may b, to the same rigid discipline,
the same subjection of Instinct and will
to a set of rules Incarnated In a uni
form and sealed with a key, the same
ordeal of monotony which to" the dense
i Lethe and to tfc sensitive Hell
Is it not strange that the public
sense of justice is only how. waking
up to this anomaly? ' - .
If then punishment for crime must
be retained as. a protection to M
community and a recognition of of
fense against the law what else but
the indeterminate sentence "must be
the sentence of the future? And the
length of even the minimum sentence
should not rest in the discretion of
the judge who sees the prisoner on
his trial for the first and only time.
The conduct of the convict must de
cide when that aim of the sentence
has been accomplished that betokens
fitness for a future clean and order
ly life.
How then shall that time be has
tened? By outdoor work on honor,
says Governor West
work and farm labor, says Governor
Cox in his recent message to the Ohio
legislature. By outdoor employ
ment under a light guard, says Colo
nel Scott, Superintendent of State
Prisons in New York. But the
names of witnesses along such lines
are now legion, and the list la dally
lengthening. The day for more
"Isolated experiments in humane
good sense" Is passing. The day of
the new system is at hand.
ity. and .were fined, in the aggregate,
$8500, the fines ranging- from :ou to
S1250. 1
Now, If we' consider' for ft moment
what these fines mean to these men,
we find that nearly all those punished
for speeding ' are ' men of more than
moderate means, whose income for a
single day from investments, etc. .far
exceeds the amount of their fines.
In Patten's cas we are told that his
profits lit wheat alone reached into the
many millions. And his fine. was 760l.
No doubt, by the confessed Illegal com
bination of the" Portland commission
men, they made many times the amount
of their fines; or, in other words, be
cause of their present wealth and meana
of obtaining money to pay them, these
fines are practically no punishment to
these men. : But if a poor man, who is
out of work, should steal a . loaf of
bread to keep his family from starving,
he wWld probably be fined J18 or' 15,
which he is unable to pay, or be put
into Jail for several days, which. In his
case, means the same thing. If work-
ingman commits a misdemeanor or
crime, and is fined for it, tt requires
several days of hard Work for htm to
accumulate the amount of his fine, and
to him this is a real punishment
I believe that every statute on our
books should, be enforced, and those
that are not good should be removed
by proper process. I believe that every
misdemeanor or crime should be puiv
lshed adequately. I also believe that
the punishment for a misdemeanor or
p. nntrinni ' crime should be the-same for tha mil-
vuiuvwi j ,ii .ho lahnror onrt thta ran
never be effected through imposing
fines. - '
If, instead of Imposing fines, all law
breakers were punished by imprison'
ment only, then the millionaire, the la
borer and all others would be punished
equally for the same thing; and the
punishment of those with means would
not be a farce, as In. the cast of Patten,
the commission men and others.
RAY L. ANTRIM.
A NEW SINGER -AN OLD SONG
T
The Plain Democrat.
Burns. Or., Feb. 18. To the Editor of
The Journal In a letter In The Jour-
nanof February 12, Mrs. Ida Smith says
"I am no Socialist, but a plain Demo
crat People don't have to be Socialists,
HE San Francisco Chamber of .rT.!0
Commerce has Just begun its j smith what peculiar traits a plain Demo.
second year with a member- c rat must possess to distinguisn
ship of 3?00, and a new f 'ro,n f ancy Democrat, and what brand
president.
In an inaugural address a presi
dent puts his best' foot foremost.
These are some of the leading
features Mr, Sesmpn emphasizes.
We must exert every effort, he
says, to make this port attractive to
shipping. "People operating ships
( of clay Ood used in making plain Demo
j crats, and what other brand to maka
iancy uem ocraiii. win airs, oniuii ex
plain to us workingmen who are fioolal
ists, what the plain Democrats like her
self are going to do to help quiet thid
growing unrest of the working closs.
Do the plain Democrats think that by
throwing out a few more crumbs to the
working people they will quiet them?
Do the plain Democrats think that good
do not pay extra for scenery, and the men like Mr. Wilson and Governor West
most beautiful harbor In the world
will not attract the shipping that
competing ports are seeking unless,
costs are as low and facilities as goo'd
as in any port on the Pacific.
"Having invited ships, we must
provide for freights. Facilities for
handling, assembling, and trans
shipping, and for manufacturing and
distributing, must be the most ef
fective and the cheapest that can be
devised."
To provide funds for harbor Im
provements which should be in
readiness for the expected shipping
nine million dollars in bonds were
issued, the proceeds to a large ex
tent being still unexpended. But to
anoiiTA Immerilata ATtAnatnn nf rlnrlra
learning things useful better than d other neceB8iUes as soon as ex-
by spending a large proportion of
school hours on studies that are just
mental gymnastics.
The value of various studies of the
former time was supposed to lie in
their dlsagreeablenesB to the boy.
The more bitter to the taste the
greater benefit to the system was
the Idea. The more contrary to the
Instinct of the living, growing, ac
tive boy, the more efficacious in
"building up character." Nowadays
we study the instincts of children in
order to follow them. Those in
Btlncts are distinctly for the useful.
Boys and girls too are eager to be
at productive employment, to en
gage in the serious business of life.
Dr. Lyman Abbott, in the Outlook,
condensed the new method in few
words, "All useful education is In
dustrial education. For the end of
education is character, and the test
of character is service."
As field after field in the life of
the child is covered the importance
of the general In each army of edu
cators is enhanced. His spirit reach
es through all ranks and his Influ
ence Is felt even through the closed
doors of every school room. How
necessary, then, is it that he should
be a convinced adherent of the gos
pel which he Is to teach and spread.
lstjng facilities should be found in
adequate the Chamber of Commerce
has introduced fh the California leg
islature a bill for an additional ten
millions for the same purposes.
Nineteen millions in bonds, then,
are considered by the Chamber of
Commerce only a reasonable pro
vision for improvement of San Fran
cisco harbor while two and a half
millions are deemed by many of us
a heavy load to carry for the crea
tlon of Portland's municipal docks
and the improvement of her harbor,
But the San Francisco Chamber
assures the legislature that the "reg
ular port charge on shipping" will
take care of principal and interest on
the nineteen million dollars' worth
of improvements there.
Their confidence seems Justified
in the statement a little further on
In the same Chamber report that
"Eight steamship concerns applied
for Pier 36 when Bates and Cheese-
borough gave It up."
will ever get anywhere from the fact
that tney are merely good men? Good
men are very nice things, but the good
ness of good men will not buy the neces
saries or lire nor furnish workingmen
with Jobsv The workingmen and work
lngwomen' must cease to pin their faith
to good men, and boldy step out as good
men and women for the purpose of
creating Jobs for themselves. No; good
men will never quiet the unrest of the
working class until all plain Democrats
feel conscious of the cause of their
plainness.
1 hear you plain Democrats ask If I
know the cause of your plainness. To be
sure I do. I can diagnose your disease
or plainness. I can also prescribe
The only remedy Is scientific social
ism. If the case is chronic, don't think
for yourself, as that might disturb the
rich parasites of society and force them
to crawl off the backs of the sufferers
from "plain Democratnesa." The pa
uem, ii ms case is mcuraoic, is to avoid
reading the truth about the cause of
plain Democratness. If the sufferer
should feel that he has lived In the
caves of his . f oreparent long enough,
and wishes to be a good man, ho should
take a mild dose of thinking for his
own good. If this first dose cleans the
cobwebs from his brain he can Increase
the dose until he becomes a full-fledged
thinker. If this treatment is followed
with care, the Socialist drug store will
guarantee a full and complete cure for
plain Democratness.
W. H. HUFTINES.
AN UNDEVELOPED ASSET
V
Letters From the People
who favor the plan are those who own
automobiles. I have talked with a great
number of people on the cars In refcard
to the plan1 and nine out of 10 are In
favor of it, while the other one is In
different. What person is there who
would rather SDend 10 minutes longer
on the car than waiii that extra blockT
There are very few, Indeed. ;
A Patron" also said that lie was
obliged to start from five to 10 min
utes earlier in the morning for the
car. If this is really the case he has
my sympathy, for ha surety must be
cripple not to be able to, wain zvu
feet In less tim than that
He also speaks of the Inconvenience
to. strangers. Must the home owner
suffer himself to be Jarred and Jolted,
which la the case wneo tue cars siop
at every -block,f or- the sake of -tfceJ
stranger? It is more than neiy mai
the stranger Is used to 400 foot stops
and wcMld certainly ba..disguosted.wlt
our snail's pace mode of traveling.;
wny la n mat ins .roruaua ir?w;i
service is usually paralysed when we
have seven or eight inches of snow.
while in other cities with a greater
amount cara run uninterrupted! It is
because of the short blocks.
The Mexican
From the New Tork Globe,
Not much imagination is required to
understand the struggle in Mexico and
to see that it is but another local ex
pression of a world-wide collision. -
On one side is democracy, clvlllanlsm,
idealism; on the other side oligarchy,
militarism, and immediate practicali
ties. The spirit of progress 1s wrest
ling with the spirit of reaction, with
reaction, as often happens, gaining at
least a temporary advantage. , It took
the people of France a hundred years
to win "their fight, and the people 01
England more than 200 years. The great -German
people have not yet entirely
thrown off the rule of privilege, while
Austria and. Italy ijtrt both, afflicted-.'
with It It la not strange that a na-
tlon like Mexico, with a population con
sisting chiefly of peons, is not able to
realise democracy all at once. .
Two , things modern society feels it
must nave, one i iiDerty, or the rignts
The car I of self government, and the other Is
vu.0 "a f dom.Oa nana an.l ordar. It I im.
Macs Ahnnna tv vain rniini mi i tun m.iiu i ' ' . . -
what applies In winter here caa be ap
piled in summer. Formerly even our
friend, "A Patron." who. I think, must
be paralysed, could board the car in
the middle of the bloc.- . . :-.
A SUBURBANITE
' Loves the Helpful Hen.
Portland. Or., Feb. 21. To the Editor
of The Journal Here are thanks to A.
SWaddler, "who scored the elite gentle
man whose upturned nose the busy hen
offended. - Give ua more hens and fewer
snobs. The poor, we have always with
us, the middle . class usually, nd the
rich, who eat. but don't grow chickens,
occasionally; therefore, give the privi
leges to the middle class and the poor.
Let the middle class surround their
gardens and homes, where they have
vacant space, with the activity and
profit of a few hens. The odor of the
hen is better than the odor or last
April's storage eggs at SO cents a dozen.
The cleanliness of the hen Is an ex
ample to many of her human critics.
She combs and oils every feather in
each wing every day better habits, 1
venture, tlwn those of her crltid. If
her home offends, it is the fault of her
keeper.
I don't keep chickens, but my neigh
bor does; they don't offend me nor my
family. They are beautiful White Leg-
horns, good to look upon, and an ex
ample of happiness and thrift profitable
to emulate.
While two carloads of eggs dally are
shipped westward across the Rocky
mountains to cities of the 'northwest
give ua more chickens and eggs, less
pork and lard, more prosperous common
people, and fewer snobs.
ELMER S. SHANK.
Mr. Martin Sticks to It.
Portland. Feb. 21. To the Editor of
The Journal Replying to A. Swaddler,
"the friend of the hen," I will say I
am also the friend of the hen, duck.
hog. cow, slaughter house and glue fac
tory in their places. They are all out
of place in the densely settlod districts
of a city and hence constitute a nui
sance In bUcU districts. However, if A
Swaddler will kindly mention even ne
restricted district (be Claims there are
many) in the city of Portland, giving
niflnDcr of city ordinance making it
audi, I believe I can sell out to a dar
key who wants to start a glue factory
and I'll promise to move immediately
to such restricted district and the ben
efits all around will be mutual.
A. J. MARTIN.
THE SOUL OF THE CONVICT
IT
NDER this heading, "The Soul
of the Convict," Harpld Beg
bee, the well-known English
writer, has expressed himself
on prison methods and their results.
INCENT ASTOR'S fortune Is I His letters to the London Dally
an exaggerated example of j Chronicle have aroused much
the unearned increment, i thought and many expressions of It.
Whether the snowball has now For, after all, therein lies the gist.
reached the content of value of a
hundred millions, or only of seventy-
five millions of dollars is immaterial.
The point Is this. Having, by the
operation of laws that he had no
hand In passing, and by the labor
of thousands of men whom he had , on the offender for his crime has
the meat, of the whole debate how
shall the soul of the convict be best
reached, and helped and strength
ened by punishment that follows
crime? The old idea of p-mlshment
as an expression of society's revenge
no hand In directing, come into pos
session of this vast fortune, what will
he do with it?
His own will Is his sole controll
ing power. He can refuse advice,
ho can decline entire or partial in
fluence. He can waste his fortune
In spendthrift extravagance, even if
the amount is too vast to more than
suffer depletion, not ruin. He can
play the pattof Providence to a
thousand charities; He can make
or mar a hundred industries. He
can fill up the gaps in libraries that
Carnegie has left, or in hospitals that
J. D, Rockefeller has not' reached.
But, like the Roman Knight, behind
him w.11) ever sit black care for re
sponsibility to God and man accom-
paule8ji.lsevery.iootatep,
He is young, Indeed, to carry so
great a weight. He had served no
apprenticeship ""hen, by a great
catastrophe, he fell heir to this
great burden.
So tar his acts haye been both pen
disappeared from every discussion,
it lingers on in some archaic minds,
as in some obsolete prison houses,
but in it there is no possibilty of
long survival.
The general verdict seems to be in
condemnation of "fixed sentences
for different offenses." Each of
fender is seen to be subject to indi
vidual characteristics, whether of
circumstance or temperament mak
ing the perpetration of tho same act
more heinous Jn one case than an
other. How, then, chall there be at
once a strong incentive to reform,
and avoidance of that despair which,
on the principle of "once a thief al
ways a thief," has killed the last ves
tige of hope in many a convict's
heart Z , ,,.
(Communication! sent to The Journal for
publication la tola department ihould b writ
ton no only one fide of th paper, ahould not
exceed ,'!0O worda in length and mint b ac
companied b.r the name and addreaa of the
wnder. If tha writer duea not desire to bare
the nama pnbllabed, be ahould ao atate.)
h Strong for Alternate Stops.
Portland, Or.. Feb. 21. To the Editor
of The Journal I wish to reply to "A
Patron," who wrote to The Journal un
der date of February 20, in regard to
the alternate stop plan. He seemed
considerably excited over the fact thait
he had to wait 25 minutes for a car
which is probably exaggerated. Prob
ably it was an owl he was waiting
for. I have myself. Ho also knocked
the alternate stop plan.
We have the best service in the city
on the Sunnyslde and Mount Tabor
lines, but things are apt to come up
which even the streetcar company Is
powerless to prevent. Without a doubt
his wait of 25 minutes was due to one
of these causes and can not be laid
at the door of the alternate stop plan.
He also asked if you did not think
that it was the bridges and not the
short blocks that caused the congestion,
The bridges are, in a way, an obstacle,
but the short blocks are more so. But
the bridges' are something we have to
put up with, while the short blocks are
something that can be remedied.
He also says the majority of people
Chemistry and Church Days.
Portland. Or.. Feb. 19. To the Editor
of The Journal Kindly tell me where
I can get Information explaining what
method is used to separate platinum
from rock. Also, why. Easter doesn't
come on the same date every year.
MRS. W.
1. Write to Professor H. M. Parka
mining department O. A. C, Corvallla,
Easter comes on the first Sunday
after the paschal full moon.
A Famous "Bone Cave."
From Wide World.
An extraordinary "bone cave" may bp
seen In the Island of Tenerlffa. It
situated near the summit of a lofty
sea cliff near Orotava, cloee to the small
plain of Le Pax, where peace was
finally made between the conquering
Spaniards and the Guanches, the orig
inal Inhabitants of the Island. Here th-3
Guanches made their last stand, and
this cave formed a shelter for the small
remnant left of the tribesmen after
the Spanish had finished with them, in
former times the place had evidently
been a burial ground of the Guanches,
and when first discovered a number of
mummies were found in tt; now, how
ever, only a huge pile of bones remains.
Access is obtainable by descending a
rope through a hole dug in the roof, but
the original occupants must have had
a difficult and dangerous scramble down
the face of the almost perpendicular
cliff to the natural entrance.
Is im
possible to have both of these blessings
at the- same time when an entrenched
minority, determined to rule or to ruin,
refuses to bow to legalism and to tho
rule of the majority. Special classes In
all ages have put, aa It were, a pistol
to the head of society; saying in effect:
"If you don't yield obedience to ua pre
pare to feel the sting of a bullet" The
option of liberty and disorder 'and ty
ranny and order is orrerea, ana laeaiiera
goes down before a desire re eat the
bread of peace. . ,
t is a common delusion that mobs
aridXho many are prone to disorder.
The' contrary ia nearer tho truth. Tha
classes ln-all times and In all countries
have valued "having their own way mor
than they haveXyalued peace. It is the
masses that are patient for years con
senting to the mocking of liberty and
the principles of selfgOvernment rather
than to sacrifice order. Bolt has been
in Mexico.- For 26 years the- Dlas .ol
igarchy governed Mexico wlthan iron
hand, and the people endured fU tyr
anny, for there was peace even though
lloerty was practically dead. Two yeai
and a half ago liberty rearose and after
brief struggle expelled not so muoh
Dlai as the men who had captured Him
in hla old age and were using the gov
ernment to their enrichment. Cientlflco
the party was called, named so because
of the scientific methods it employed
in lifting public property.
These exploiters have steadily busied
themselves to .create trouble, .They
backed Oroxco and his guerrillas in the
north and Zapata and his brigands in
the south. They have steadily aouglit
to corrupt the army. They have black
mailed business men by holding out to
them that as long aa Madero and 7i1b
idealists were in power there was no
chance of peace. They have drawn to
their support the aristocratio youth of
Mexico, prone there as elsewhere to
think that the chief duty of the public
at large is to obey them and feed them
generously.
So the Madero government has been
compelled to fight for Its life since the
day it came into existence. It has not
done it any good to be humane and pn
llghtened. It has not done It any good
to be conservative In Its reform meas
ures.
It has had against it the lmDlacable
hostility Of -the Diaa Tammany, de
termined to allow Mexico no rest until
they were once again in the saddle. It
will not be surprising to learn that
Madero is a fugitive and that Dlaa, the
nephew, sits in the seat of his illus
trious uncle.
But this will not be the end. Na
poleon's nephow could kill thousands
of persons on the Paris boulevards, but
democracy, with its everlasting per
sistence, returned again to he struggle,
and he was destroyed. One may con
fidently predict that whatever the out
come of the next few days Mexico will
not long remain the prey of the men be
hind the present revolution.
Criticism of New Labor Act.
Salem, Or., Feb. 21. To the Editor of
The Journal I wish to call attention to
tho way In which those members of
tho legislature who really wanted to
benefit the conditions of the working
men in the paper mills at Oregon City
were misled in the bill they passed.
This bill Imposes time and a half for
anything .over the 10 hours day. This
makes It optional with the mills either
to pay for two extra hours' work out
of every 24 hours, or put on three eight
hour shuts, should they choose not to
let their machinery stand Idle four hours
per day.
Bhould they choose to continue with
the 10H hour and 13V4 hour shifts, such
as they have at present, the only effect
would be to Increase the average wage
per day by an amount equal to one
hour's wages, which the company can
easily offset by reducing the wages
from 1 to 2 cents per hour. Even
at present wages, a man earning 19
cents per hour under the old system
would draw an average dally wage of
$2.28, while under the new he would
draw (2.47; thus the total wage for the
two shifts would be 4.94.
Bhould they work three eight hour
shifts, it Is not at all probable that they
could secure men for lees than $2 per
day, making a total of $9 for the three
shifts,, or 51.06 more than by the other
method. I think the above figures will
suffice to show that so far as the small
wageearner is concerned, the law is
practically worthless. '
, AN OBSERVER.
One Ideal sentence is thus stated,
! Vn .1.411 r a t m
1UI.I 1111 f,J iu HIOUIl uuill JOU
can prove yourself fit for a life of
freedom and useful work, outside."
The conclusions of the whole mat
ter are these. As the grand Jury re-
Let Punislunent Fall Equally.
Portland. Or.", Feb. 21, 1913. To the
Editor of Tha Journal In following the
court records as printed In our news
paper we read almost daily of those
whiMW iaed tlu, 1 JliUDr 4 2,-r
exceeding the sr-ecd limit with their au
tomoblles or motorcycles. In a recent
issue it was announced that Patten, the
great speculator In wheat and cotton,
had been finetl" $7500, - or about that
amount, for4iia illegal dealing's in those
commodities. ' In today's paper we are
Informed taat'the members of the Mer-
NEWS FORECAST FOR THE
COMING WEEK
If they go about it earnestly and keep
at it long enough, the women who are
resolved to decrease the cost of living
will surely succeed, not only as to
themselves, but they will point out tho
practical ways to thousands of others.
MARRIAGE AND FREE LOVE
By Dr. Frank Crane.
Tou are mistaken, Isabel, marriage is
not a tyranny. It is not stupid custom.
It is not a relic of superstition. Neither
is it popularity due to being Imposed
upon an unwilling people by laws.
Marriage continues as an institution
simply because people like it They
prefer it te, any other arrangement or
the sexes tftat has yet been proposed.
Marriage is an evolution... After ex
perimenting for several thousand years
with the high explosive of love, mankind
has found that the best device for get
ting the most desirable human values
out of it U marriage.
Don't imagine that the free-love idea
is something bold and new and wonder
ful. The race has tried that.
Anything human will always be at
tended with a certain per cent of break
downs. Many marriages are failures.
Many couples should be divorced, for
their souls' good. Nothing Is absolutely
perfect on earth, not even the automo
bile.
Hence what you say of the tragedies
of married life is true. Often love cools
to indifference?4 men develop Into ty
rants and women into scolds. Only too
often does the rainbow fade very soon
after the honeymoon,, leaving only the
repellent commonplace. We grant all
that. We have to allow about 20 per
cent, off on all human products and
plans.
If. however, you examine the lives of
Thais and Lais and all the fair sisters
of freedom; If you get at the facta of
promiscuous life among European gen
tlemen; If you penetrate into the Inside
of the Turk's harem, and learn the real
truth about kings and patriarchs, with
their numerous-assistant wives; in
short- tf-you pondee Oi whe4-history
of non-monogamlc relations, you will
agree with me that, on the whole, heart
break, degradation and misery are four
i times as great on that aide of the fence
as on the other.
You eee, the sex problem Is tied up
with a deal of other things, and no mor
tal power or. cleverness can untie tt It
Is tied up with poetry and romance, i
And there never was a romance worthy
of the name about any other kind of
love than true love, youi may write
dirty novels about the maverick type of
affections, but you can't sing it
The home is the place where the rare
and priceless flowers of passion bloom
best. You can possibly get the vege
tables and meat of love in some other
rway, but you cannot get the undying
giory ana snine or love anywnere else
than in a compact where bne man and
one woman strike hands and say. "till
death do us part." - ,
Besides, there are children. Up to
date, we have contrived no means of
caring decently for children except the
monogamio home. And I am inclined to
believe that the love of children is , a
greater racial force than the love of
mates. .
No, marriage ia not a scheme; It does
not depend upon the authority of law or
religion. It is here because the aver
age man and woman prefer to love after
that fashion. It has its drawbacks, I'll
admit but It will be many a day before
the . free love and Uve-your-own-Iife
proposition can Interest us aa a substi
tute.
It might be worthy of consideration
If all the world were between the ages
of 20 and 40, but a large part of the
population la under 20, and a consider
able portion over 40; and we're rather
fond of them, young and old.
" And, take it all around, we stUI think
that it la better for the 20-to-40 section
of the race to behave Itself and exercise
self-control than te send all tha children
to foundlings' homes and all the old peo
pie to the poorhouse.
So, get It out of your head that mar
riage lira-twtrtvaneerarrartlricfar'Iffl
position of priests, and all that It's
growth. It is as much a product of
universal Instinct and experiment as an
oak tree is a product of natural selec
tion. , . .
Monogamy has roots a mile deep, and
thousands of years old In ; physiologic
ana psycaoiogie xacx,
Washington, Feb. 22. The end of the
week will see the practical completion
of all arrangements and the arrival In
Washington of the advance guard of vis
itors for the inauguration of Woodrow
Wilson as president of the United
States. On Saturday Mr. Wilson will
retlro from the governorship of New
Jersey, and will be. succeeded automat
ically hy James Fielder, president of the
state senate.-
The supreme court of the United
States will reconvene Monday, after a
three weeks' recess. ' Interest In the
meeting of the highest tribunal is
heightened by the possibility that deci
sions may be handed down on the open
ing day In the much-discussed state
rate cases and intermountaln rate cases.
Arguments on the appeal of Samuel
Gompers, John Mitchell and Frank Mor
rison, officials of the American Federa
tion of Labor, convicted of contempt of
court and under Jail sentences in con
nection with the Bucks' Stove & Range
company case, will begin Tuesday In
the court of appeals of the District of
Columbia.
The trial of Jack Johnson, the cham
pion heavyweight pugilist on charges
of violating the Mann white slave act
is scheduled to begin Tuesday in the
United States district court, at Chicago.
The annual convention of th Interna
tional Bridge & Structural Iron Work
ers' Union will begin in Indianapolis
Monday. The consideration of questions
growing out of the conviction of many
of the union officials and members in
the "dynamite conspiracy" case will oo
cupy much of the time of the conven
tion. It is reported that strong efforts
will be made to defeat the reelection of
President Frank M. Ryanr who was
among the union officials convicted and
sentenced to the penitentiary.
Unifying of school systems, abolish
ing useless courses, adaptalon of courses
to students and vocational and special
ised training are among the subjects
which will be discussed by the country's
foremost ecucators in Philadelphia dur
ing the week, the occasion being the an
nual convention of the department of
superintendence of the National Educa
tion association. At the same time a
campaign to raise a $1,000,000 endow
ment fund for education research will
be launched.
rr
II DaIhIa1 DammmmUa j
ruiiucu rcudKidUiid fw.
Few men are better than they seem
to be.
. '-
Wise men caress women; fools try to
coerce them.
a a
A rich and crusty spinster is pie for
the fortune bunter.
A fussy man reminds us of a camel
always going around with his back up.
' " V?.- ,::.V -
After a young man falls, in love, he
may not take a tumble to himself until
too late.
Any way, . the man who. follows your
advice always has some one to blame
iUKja&S':. , .rr:-,?.,.;',, ;
While the season's always open for
fortune hunting, few of tlt hunters are
good shots. - ' j
- Every ens to his trade. A hen can
no more lay the dust than s sprinkling
cart can lay an egg. -
1
J