cfeitCtosAiires, ifoncmwedce ' wdwajfe of ootffff America If These Advocates International Amity Had Their Way the Balkans Would Have AR, which is as old as the hills, has scored another, victory over ' peace, which ought to be eter nal, but itn'u - When the daring Montenegrins made their first sortie to kindle the flames that have been lighting the Balkans, it was of heroic record that their women cheered them on; and when i the larger 'masses of Bulgaria, Servia arid Greece were flung out to the fight ing line, their. women bade them go, and stay. Peace, so far as that territory of $00 years' human hatred was concerned, was not able to. find so much as a girts fingertip nn which to nestle. , Half a millennium of rapine, loot, mur r4er and slavery does not conduce to fraternity and content; the women who cheered on their ' loved ones to battle with the Turks may well be excused for choosing patriotism rather than meek fortitude for their guide. . But peace, although defeated time and agairi-although less defensible perhaps there than it has been since the war of 1813--has its ' stanch partisans, , even in the crisis where thdpratection of every human right to life and liberty seemed to make war inevitable: ana me stancnesi, me most insistent, the least dismayed among them all, even while those very Balkans have been running red with the 'blood of oppressers and oppressed, have been women. ' '.' They are not Balkan women; America 'arid Europe have contributed their voids to the cause of peace but not from out that fitiless ring of fire, hemmed in between moun tains and sea. .With their vision unbiased by the passions concentrated under centuries of xvrongs, they have had faith in this war, as in others, that all might have been well if the principles of international peace were only Universally recognized and universally en forced. T O OFFER that sublime faith to the women In whose memories the crimes of Ottoman ma rauders lived and cried for vengeance, while the outrages upon their sisters just across the border tines, were almost dally horrors, would seem like cruel zaockery. , ' -- But to the wider, less overwrought judgment of those women Who are the pioneers among their sex in prepar ing the empire of universal peace, it has slemed the sim plest, most feasible solution that can be imagined. And among them are some whose knowledge of both peace and war, at the very gates of the hell that opened with the first battle In the Balkans, has been gained at first Jiand. under the very circumstances of anxious strain and conflict . Which have kept all Europa trembling ou the brink of the abyss engulting live nations of the world. . ' One ot them Is Carmen Sylva, itoumania's Queen 0 'Elisabeth. From her Castd Pelea, In the Carpathians; from he capital, Bucharest, Bhe has gazed forth for years Over tha embroiled nations of Europe, seeing here the dread horrors of the Crimea, there the appalling de feat of proud France;- again the humiliation of Greece, and Utter the spoliation of Turkish Africa. She has watched the bloody march of events with the eyes of a queen, of a mother, of a poet and, too, of a woman versed la all the mysteries of statecraft; And this is her verdict: I CANT UNDERSTAND BUTCHERY v."- "Oh, I simply long for peace pray and long for It. ' Z never could understand why people butcher and kill one another instead of "talking over their differences. I always say that when you kill a man ll Is not only his body which is destroyed, but his brain. You cannot get poople to understand this. When they do, we shall have no more wars. For every man killed in war you make ; th world poorer by so much power which, had he lived, ' could, and probably would, have been used for the benefit of humanity. I never can understand the meaning of frontiers. There should be none where Cultivated minds and arts and letters are concerned." t Well, Li.may.be that the stage of culture, arts and letters Is top far in the future of both the Balkans and Turkey to allow for reason over their differences. But it was the same with Italy and Austria, in their day: and It has been the same with Gernjany and France ever since theirs itber bloody war to end an impasse, or rmd preparedness to forefend it. The queen of Roumanla, throughout a long life, has urged the common peace with voice and pen, on the simple, homely ground of humanity's claim to its Individuals above the wraths of patriotism raging in' ' 1 he nations' little groups. Beside her, an ally so powerful that her ability has mihed her equal to Carmen Sylva, is the Baroness von Mittner. whose home is in Vienna, the center of those ;fyBj.'hem : of diplomacy , tnaso lcaaitiu-atBe(i .wipe's emjulfment In the Isalkan conflagration; When Baroness von. Buttner published her enorhnl nok, "Lsy Down Your Arms it proved to b T t he ' I'm-U Tom's Csbln" Of the peace movement, then 1 hsu'nt. it tha influence of the Written word could be 1 o .i through all its ramifications in men's souls, the , 1 .ability u great that this one book might prove t Carnage W hie 01'iixoiJ cuiiDAY i' 'J III "7 V. Ill X'j!-- Jf lit v . Ill . - , 7w z .... I of f !? 40, . ! 1 -fss' r 1 f ' -i. ""'"'4; Carjj?e cfvMte Queen Mart Mrs 3ev Preached PQece ij the Orient" have done more toward spreading the realization of the need for,, peace than any other single factor which has fostered the propaganda. It brought home to the peoples of the world, and more especially to those of Europe, the K i 1 i s . is "J 5 't, ,f C IV I Ih . ,1n;;A.:? in W4r anywhere-whichever the hemisphere, whatever I li iA-J 1 ift' T 1 Iff ' "J If -y i - I iff,' '', f . jf I . ' W j vv! wtf 'Yv 1 WIW 5 AALL WE DO rO!5 WOAVLAI i IfRE shouldn't be any old maids here. If there are, their spinsterhood must be blamed on the finickiness of the three old maids of Dee. for this whole country is now driving toward tne virile condition oi Marit Twain's cmp but west,, when the arrival-cof the' firat woman raised more excitement than two dog fights and a poker game. Jhere was a chance, and only, ten years. ago T journal, i o:vixai:d, lu.l-av II C4 III ill --, V,"V) 5 . I mad- extravagance of cruelty and suffering Incident to warfare as even the moat terrible of wars could not da Her life has been one continual' war. upon war, and ao universally haa she' been acknowledged as a militant champion of peace that she was the one woman of th wIioIm world auinltteu li tuo "opening eeaaiuii oX 'lb Hague tribunal. Wit anywhere whichever the hemisphere, whatever the vause-is admittedly a defeat for these two famous women; yet both may be relied upon to return to the charge with all their eloquence at the first sign of hope for the halting of hostilities. It Is so with their comrades in peace elsewhere, and under conditions which of late have been equally disheartening. ' , in South America the woman who parallels their efforts and is revered as they are by the millions whom she would save from their fatuity tor war is Benora de Costa, one of the brilliant minds of Buenos Ayres. In, her own land Senora de Costa has the happiness of. Knowing that a. century of warfare between Argentina and Chile, because of boundary disputes, was ended by -i-esort to arbitration, with a treaty concluded under ... which, for a period of years ensuing, all question! in dis pute between the two countries Bhould be settled in the same wise manner. Under the beneficent assurance of peace, Chile converted her gunboats Into Improvements for rivers and harbors; Argentina transformed her war ships into a merchant marine. A SPLENDID MONUMENT And on the crest of the towering Andes, where the frontiers of the two countries meet, a splendid monument has been erected, in the image of tuat Prince of Peace whose symbol Is the holy cross. There is always something splendid about the pirate and the buccaneer. Argentina's quarrel with Chile had ' sufficient bigness of booty to make a big policy of peace comprehensible to the minds of those greater foes among the South American nations. But the rest of the quarrel some continent's troubles have been those people have with petty pickpockets; and peace with honor and In dustrywhich decent arbitration would be forced to give, makes no appeal to professional thieves whose highest ambition is to get away with the loose cash. A good, big, healthy man's size war in South America would probably find Senora de Costa the most powerful barrier in its path to actual conflict; but for the little pickpockets of Nicaragua and Mexico, all the arbitration In the world could mean only an alternative of work or jail;. and, by unanimous consent, the whole gang of them prefer revolution. In far India there Is a woman who, under social con ditions even more inhibitory than those confronting a lady in Buenos Ayres, has labored In the cause of uni versal peace, and has made her Impress on public opinion. She Is Helen . Dunhlll, a native oriental, for all her homely western name. She has been seen In the United States, her red silken draperies a brilliant fleck of color n the streets of Boston, her bared head holding the eyes of the curious as far as they could follow it. To her, born In the land that knew the horrors of the mutiny, and the equal horrors of Its suppression, war embodies the last and most awful of national calamities; and she has labored late and early to preserve to her native land the blessings of its peace, meager to the starvation of millions though Its fruits have been. 8he is one of those who. with Rumania's hopeful queen, believe that somehow, In the appeal to reason, those ills m at that, when every man, almost, had a full, fair and square chance to get married; for every Jack there was a Jill, with the trifling exception of about one in, say, every twenty-five, which was not knows that one matt in every two dozen m't 'fit whoja population, there were 104.4 under which dSiStfn 'try?? account ?othem ce.lh Nobo'dy , ' to be a "husband; and she lives in a sort of mustaches ougnfc to grow for every' 100 that could else does. Probably fhe.only authority who mlghutaeki . chronic doubt as to whether her own husband isn't be turned up at them, -, - JStufl Jffecupoth"' . that one. But now, with jtho cenaugof 1910, jt tppeart , , it may b in ths air. f - ' V ' J K 1 " i ' ' ' v?irv i t.r i nim i iih iiiih iifrcfniH ih. j ii w wuiiimu TXTn on it waa rvrrv iron mar rmTi i n tr iiiihim inr ljiib nui Liienn ma uvit i uaoei ut Buu.iuuuus iu vt3intr.an ff ' LXf one lvoted to the welfare of her ex, and It Is imaU I itri f v t ' f"- Ml ' wonaer inai sne. wun ner einter uvut ui wi int Counfess e&re voo Boos, Ufa -(hmkttbenMsterPettcrttttirgJt can all be cured for which" men fly to war. Meanwhile, with peace maintained, she has done much to alleviate the burdens of her sex In India, and more to enlighten the world outside as to the ills that need amelioration. In the United States, where, happily, no menace of war darkens the skies, the growth of active sentiment among women has been exceptionally wide. American women, ' with their quick Imagination and extensive Cul ture, have unhesitatingly accepted Sherman's picturesque and emphatic definition of war as something not merely to be admitted, but to be realised. So richly dowered has their sex been through the calm content of peace that they feel, nly too keenly, how true are the words of Carmen Sylva, and how wisely all nations might adjust their differences if they would but hearken to the coun sels of peace and reason. Here In the west, at the very gateway of any strife that can come from the east, is Mrs. Joslah Evans Cowles, whose labors In charge of the peace propaganda for the General Federation of Women's Clubs is repre sentative of the American genius for organization, now showing itself as pronounced among our women as among our men. That is the American way of achieving any big things; and a woman like Mrs. Cowles, whose home In Los Angeles has given hen a shrewd appraisement of what war could mean to us It a foe could cross the broad 'pacific, is able to mold and direct the opinion of her sex not only through the extensive agencies at the disposal of the federation, but also with , a fine perception of the genuine, if unacknowledged, need this country has for arbitration in place tif ruinous war. She embodies the newer fighting front of the feminine peace forces, for so many years led In rather lonely prominence by such famous national figures as Belva A. Lockwood and, later, by Mrs. May Wright Bewail Per haps of all the prominent advocates of peace among her sex, Mrs. Lockwood in this country is most inclined to be militant for the cause. She has not proposed the In consistency of offering battle for peace, but she can hit harder in argument than most of those who are partisans of war. Her lectures on arbitration, her attacks on the armaments of the nations, have furnished some of the most cogent campaign material heard In the endless controversy. She, like Mrs. Bewail, has ever borne In mlnfl the cause of woman, so often utterly overlooked amid the passions that nourish strife. Mrs. Sewall's life has been fates fa fOCFemfaM' That was the period of the census of 1900, one devoted to the welfare o! her sex, and It Is small wonder that she, with her sister advocates of all that can advance her sex, should unfailingly pursue the Ideal of universal peace, and, as president of the Inter national Council of Women, should have lent to It all the weight of her prominence and personal lhtluence. This country counts among its 'women partisans, of peace many thousands now wno belong to the younger generation, women who bring to bear upon their favorite cause the powerful fascination of beauty, In an age when woman s natural charms are no reproach to -her claim to prominence, as they were when first she asserted her right to be something more than a deaf mute in the body politic. , 8uch a woman is Countess Hildegarde von Boos, of ' 'New York, whose stately beauty and magnetic personal ity sufficed to carry to success the monster peace meeting held in New York a year ago. A member of the ancient Boos xu Waldeck family of Germany and Sweden, gifted .. with a magnificent mezzo-soprano voice, ardently devoted to the relief of suffering, this new American won from Europe has by the sheer force of her sympathetic nature inspired the spirit of peace and arbitration more directly here than it would have been passible for her even In Europe. If she Is Individual In her beauty and labors, her value to the cause Is of the same exquisitely feminine typo which hs marked the efforts of Mrs. Elmer Black, of S.-New York, who is qhalrman of the American Peace and Arbitration League and held the important position of vice president of the third national peace congress, at Baltimore, last year. Mrs. Black, like her predecessors In the movement, is equally active In her advocacy of movements In aid of her sex, and she holds the presi dency of the Woman's Progressive Economlo League. The cause oi peace. In the United States, bids fair to gain many more active partisans among women than It has gained elsewhere, not merely because they appreciate its advantages more keenly, but because their whole trend of organization for years past haa been toward ameliorating the condition of women in that industrial struggle, which, when all Is said and done, Is but on degree removed from the more cruel contention- of real warfare, In driving the weakest to the wall. that even the dead line of man's last eligibility hag been crossed. There are half a dozen men in every hundred who won't be able to find mates, unless the divorce industry keep-up' its gay, familiar pace and give them second chance at some woman who's presumed to be, but generally isn't, disgusted enough with matrimony already. I T'S BAD enough now; but what will happen If we keep It up is something- which even the daring ' census takers haven't the nerve to surmise. Tha worst of It Is, there's scarcely a section of the country to which the lone male can betake himself and find females in sufficient numbers to give him any better chance. And such is the tendency to monopoly In this age of trusts, that hundreds of men every year are being con victed of bigamy. You can eee the figures for yourself. Not counting Alaska, or Hawaii, Porto Rico and other outlying pos sessions, the males In the United States number 47.33.277 and the females only 44,639,99. That gives 1WJ males to every 100 females, while in 11W0 we had 101.4 males for . 100 females. You might think that Immigration accounts for it, the time-honored theory being that the hardy men go to new countries to take the chances of a livelihood, while the women stay home and, after the first tears of part ing, jaw about them. Well, there's a good deal to it. Among our foreign born whites the males number 129.2 for every 100 females. But right among the native-born population the propor tlon stands 102.7 to 100. So there is something out of balance all the way around. As a matter of cold, bach elorhood fact, the excess of the men is greatest Just where the influx of aliens is still lowest In the Pacifio states the males number 126.4 to the 100 females; in the mountain states, they are 127.4 to 100; In the west north central states, where, it is true, the immigrant la ln creasing in numbers, the proportion is 109.9 to 100; and in New England, where also many aliens have mad their ipmes, it Is 99.3 to 100. We might as well look the whole situation In the face, now that we are about It. The middle Atlantic states, comprising those three commonwealths of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, which have Immigrant pouring into their towns and industries all the time, show the proportion of 103.3 males to WO females; th east north central states give 106 males to 100 females, th average of the whole country; the south Atlantic states give 101.2, the best balance of any section; the cast south central, 101.9; the west south central, 107.2. The woman who, noting these fractions of men. con eludes she got the fraction, is mistaken: the census bu reau means neither to corroborate her judgment nor to Insult her husband. A VARIABLE PROBLEM If the Immigrant factor doesn't solve it, neither I It solved when we descend to particulars of race and color. The negroes actually show a preponderance of f males-93.9 males to 100 females. . ThelndianS show an excess of. males smaller than that of the country at large. 103,5 to loo. . The Chinese, ot course, show a vast number of men In comparison with womin; they are on a 14-to-l basis. The Japs are 7 to 1. But both these alien peoples Immigrate as men, almost exclusively, and their numbers are trivial, anyway. Whe n we study the differences between city and coun try, we find that city life seems to have a remarkably equalizing effect on the sexes; but that doesn't mean that babies born in town are more likely to be girls, anymore than babies born In the country. The males, per 100 females In the cities, number only 101.7. The males In the country number 109.9. The census bureau experts " ' find that, In the cities of three great centers of popula tionthe New England, south Atlantic and east south central states the femules outnumber 'the males. This happens in spite of the fact that immigrants concentrate In the- cities, and are male by a large majority. It is argued by the experts that the city presents so many more demands tor female labor that the gliis go front country to town more numerously than do the men. When It comes to Individual cities, New York IS about the only large one where the two sexes make an even break In-numbers. In Philadelphia there are only $6.4 men to 100 women; and the man who thinks-that this will give him a show to get one of Philadelphia's girls had better move quick. There are' few in the United States who compare with them. Seattle, with 1S6.2 men to 100 women, could spae almost enough men to make Philadelphia an abode of perfect bliss; and Portland, Ore., with 134.5, could' heltf ut Baltimore, which, with only 92.4 males to the loo females, is lowest among- the eight citios of more than half a million Inhabitants. ' And Baltimore will run, wrestle or fight Philadelphia' for. the prise of womanly beauty any day In th week" A