. 1 ..T
Xj '
tWRI!-ZZ2Z2Z2 ' ' .
m8s$&& W-'Celebrated Ba
of the harbor of Santiago the Brooklyn
started ahead, Intending to encase him
at the entrance. Our purpose was to
Written for The Journal by James use our superior peed( rush in and en
H. McCool. deavor to check his advance until the
hattlftHhlnji. lvinff in iniith'arrt and faat'-
0
,F THE thousands who visited the
occasion of her recent visit to
Portend during the week of the
Elks' reunion, there was one for
w-hom -the gaHant 'veeeel's coming was
like the eRgerly awaited advent Of a
long lost friend.
Clarence Yetgh, a popular tobacco
..ialcftniftn.Qi.Pa.t.UaDd.ls...Uift..nianJ..J5YhjB.D.
the Oregon made her record breaking
voyage of 14,000 miles around Cape Horn
to take part In th great naval battle I recall of the ' Judiciary, congress is
off Santiago, Yelgh, then youngster Invoking its power of Impeachment.
. scarce -out at h.l..ten, was-one--ohr Vticut-la-. -ths caaA-AL.Jiaml thii-JLQnr.
crew. He took part In the running fight stltutlonal process of Impeachment has
with Cevera, and, as assistant yeomanbeen reported to But seven times in
of the Secondary battery saw the whole the history of the United etntes, and
fight from the time the first gun was only In two caaes has it resulted In re
tired the Oregon and theBreWyn&YJ.rQm
-had crippUd to. death the fleeing Chris-..P.f .Mill Robert W. ArclihaM f the
tobal Colon 64 miles up the coast from commerce court Is P"n-
the entrance to the harbor at Santiago.
"I was sadly disappointed, however,"
eald Mr. Yeigh,- "whn-4 -ellmbed -over
-rH-d-Hr0ret-fow-w
You have met a friend after years at
absence, and through all the effacing
traces of time have still been able to
recognise the familiar. features. It was
different with the old ship. Time, In-
stead of aging her, has played a curious
trick and has rejuvenated the one time
terror of the eeae. She is not the same
vessel. With the new wireless tower,
the shifting of the guns and other al
terations, I was hardly able to recall
the time when I spent my late boy
hood upon her decks. Still there , are
enough of the old landmarks that can
never be changed until the vessel le
completely, dismantled so that I knew It
was the Oregon of 14 years ago."
Mr. Yeigh was In a retrospective mood.
He told many a yarn in which such well
known figures as Rear Admiral Clark,
who was Captain "Charley" Clarke, In
the days of the BpanMh war, and Lieu
tenant Commander Jensen figured. This
latter officer was in command of ' the
Oregon on her trip to Portland four
weeks go. Asuea to isii annul in
bstUe, M,r. Yelgh recounted his impres
sions of the fight in a most Interesting
1 v i
The Battle of Santiago.
"The first gunWas fired about 9:82,
the morning of July s. 1888," said he.
"The Oregon was standing off the har
bor entrance about rive miles away.
All the men had been mustered on deck
In white uniforms. Suddenly somebody
aloft shouted, 'Here come the Dons.' In
nrrris!nirly few moments thereafter
te Oregon was steaming up the coast
. . . '
at full speed. Captain Clark saw that
. . '.. T
unlees ne eoum come up witn tne Brook
lyn before the enemy reused the first
headland the chaneeS gceatly in
favor of at least" ttyo ofjhe Spanish
ships escaping and sinking the 'cruiser
on which wss Admiral Schley. Bo In
stead of pausing to engage the Viscaya.
as did the Iowa. comYnanded by "Fight
inr - BflrEwrwhrirnn'r - emifie -
was headed directly for the point of
land around Which the Msrla Teresa
and the Almlrante Oquendo would have
to go to get out of reach,
"The rest of the story of hoW we ar
rived at the psychological moment Is
-better .told in 'the words of , Admiral
THE
W4
Relate
on
8ch!ey himself," concluded Mr. Yelgh.
'The graphic narration of the Ore
gon's great feat, as told by Sehlej,to an
Intimate friend after the battle follows:
"When the enemy started to come out
an, ,.,, .,, ,,, .
..
IMPEACHMENT PROCESS RARELY INVOKED
Proceedings Against
,
vt is a curious coincidence that, at
I tim when much Is heard of th
of possible Impeachment charges being
preferred against Judge Emery Bpeer
nf rjoorirla are heard. Judge C. H. Han-
f6rd"df"8eauTe "avoided this pfOcegggn'
The power of Impeachment is one of
the two effective restraints wnicn me
federal legislature may lnterposo to the
abuse of executive and Judicial author
ity. Impeachment is for the purpose'
of punishing misconduct In office. By
the constitution the house or repreen
tatives has the sole power of Impeach
ment and the sennte the sole power to
try Its presentments. Judgment In the
case of Impeachment cannot extend fur
ther than to removal from office and
disqualification to hold and enjoy any
offloe of honor, trust or profit under
the United States. But If the offense
for which a person Is Impeached Is also
an indictable offense. , the party con
vlcted may also be liable to Indictment,
trial, Judgment and punishment accord
ing to law. Further, the president's
power to grant reprieves and pardons
does not extend to impeachments. The
offenses for which officials may be Im
peached need not tt offenses against
the general laws' but for any offense
which in the opinion of the house cle
serves punishment under that process.
Origin of Impeachment Process.
Impeachment developed, in English
history before the establishment of the
modern cabinet system, as a power by
which the representatives of the people
could control the agents of an irrespon
sible king, who, according to theory
could do no wrong. The custom fell
Into disuse with the progress of a par-
llamentary aovernment. One of
the
most noted cases In English history was
the Impeachment of Warren Hastings,
whose trial for mlsgovernnient In In-
. A M T- 1- .. Oll A. a VA. A. I 1
' lasten irom rururj, i,aa, j a".
l5. resulted In acquittal,
Tn thA fA.rn.MA- nf th.
In the formation of the American
colonies into commonwealths, the power
of Impeachment in varying forms found
Its way Into most of the state consti
tutions. The framers of the federal constltu-
tion took cognizance or proceeding Dy.',prof!t under the United States; but ihe
Impeachment In the' following clauses. party convicted"" shall nevertheless he
iioSsa
Article 1. section z. clause The
their sneaker, an
nd other officers, and
shall have the so
iota power of Impeach
ment.
Article 1. section 3, clause 8.-The
senate shall have the sole) power to
try,,, all Impeachments. When sitting
for that purpose, they shall tie on oath
or affirmation. When the president of
th United States Is tried, the chief
OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAt. 'PORTLAND, SUNDAY
Cm
mm wm ts x
II fJ II 11
U II II U
.... l'St- - ,b
Visit of
ttleship
ander to
His Experience
at Vessel at the
Battle of Santiago.
up and demolish him with their heavier
guns.
"In pursuance of this idea we closed
In until we were at comparatively close
Quarters with the enemy. He had got
out of the entrance and was shaping a
westerly course, while we were headed
about northeast. Every gun In the fleet
TKaTc"nrra "bo fir oil rgliT to bear Was gorngT
the din of the battle being Indescrib
able., "As the enemy beaded to the west
ward he seemed certain to escape. Two
courses then were open to ua. One was
to go in and stop his advance by los
ing pur own ship; the other to turn
around and save the ship, with her eu-
perlor speed, for the work of chasing
and finally triumphing over th en
emy. By the first we might win ever
lasting glory; by the second we felt sure
we could accomplish more and that we
would win the dsy for our country.
"It was then that Captain Cook, with
that rare good Judgment which he al-
ways displayed, put the helm hard over
Judge Robert W. Arcktald Recalls Previous Gases
S?' J f " 'AM' ' 5 'v ''tL
- ftr-y- PltrM ' " !W I
Judge Cornelius II. Hanford of Seattle,
district Judge, at left, and Judge
trial will occur in the senate in
Justice shall preside;
and no person
shell be convicted without the con
currence .of two-AtMrds of the members
present. A-
Article t. section 3, clause 7. Judg
ment -in 06s "f Impeachment shall
not ettemi) further than to removal
from office end disqualification to hold
s,na enjoy, any ornce or nonor, trust or
name ana suojeet to indictment, trial.
law, ,
The process by which Impeachment Is H. Humphreys of Tennessee, ..was lm
conducted Is simple. After the house peached in 1882 for adhering to the con
has passed a resolution to Impeach, a federacy and wae convicted by a unant
commlttee is appointed to present the mous vote In the senate. This proceed
Impeachment charges at the bar of the Ing was but a formal means of declar
senate, which sits as high court to try-Ing the office vacant,
the case. The house also appoints a Justice Samuel Chase of th supreme
JM? m4 ,Jf -"ill
tl, wflliTgr
and we swung around to' starboard, the
ship turning squarely on her heel and
getUns-around-Jn omthinf less than
three minutes. As we headed to the
westward with the four Spanish ships
off on our starboard side, the smoke
..tr ,V ... w. Za ..1 n7n. i
astern of us. We could see noth ng of
he" 0UleeMMe,M
IirJT,UJw5LU,?
hidden from
view by tho dense cloud
of smoke.
"Off to the south'ard there was the
broad expanse of sea, unbroken, save by
the little Vixen, which was scurrying
along to the westward, running parallel
witn us. Ahead or us, to the westward,
the view was unobstructed. On our
starboard hand the high" coast of Cuba
Jutted, less than two miles away, while
between us and the coast, less than
Photograph
who has avoided impeachment by
W. Archbald of the United States
December.
committee of managers to act for It be
for the senate.
Of the ecven impeachmente In the
past, four have been of federal fudges,
one of a senator, one of a cabinevWticfr
and one of a president. Judge-John H.
Pickering, of New Hampshire, was lm
peacued In 1803 for drunkenness, pro
fanity and violence on the bench and
was removed from office y a party
noia ornce was not mulcted, judge w.
MORNING, AUGUST 11,
THE- OJE,GGJSr
'"'-j
1500 yards distant, were the ships' of
Cervera.
"The Maria. Teresa, . flagship of the
Ppanlsh admiral, was leading. Then
came the Viscaya and the Almlrante
Oquendo. A little inshore of these ,and
Every gun on the port side vof these four
Kvry gun on the port side vor these rour
8hl wa, blMln the storm
Pecm. flying over the Brooklyn
belng terrlflo and incessant
The Brooklyn Under Heavy Fire.
"The Brooklyn's side was a contln-
uous sheet of flame, so rapidly were our
guns Dtnng nrea, me men etraining ev
tbtn
m.ng
ery nerve to give the Dons more
they were giving us. We were steam
ahead at a speed of 12 knots an hour,
Behind was that inky pall of smoke, ob-
AGAINST FEDERAL OFFICERS
in Whick Congress Has Exercised TKis rower
by International News Service.
his resignation a United States
commerce court, whoBe impeachment
court, appointed by President Washing
ton, who Incensed the Jeffersoninn Be
publicnns of the house by his conduct in
certain trials under the sedition law,
was Impeached In December, 1804, on
eight charges relating to arbitrary and
unjust conduct. He was found not
guilty. Judge J. A. Peck of the United
Btatee district court' of Missouri es
caped conviction on Impeachment
ior conviction ana zi ror acquiuai
He
was charged with Wvlng usduly pun-
Jshed an attorney for contempt of court.
Th case of William, Blount, senator
from Tennessee, seisms to have settled
1912.
SAM
souring everything, while over to ths
northeast ard we could see only ths
flashes from the guns of the enemy In
the batteries on the Morro and the
Boca pa.
"Atfthat time none of the Spanish
ships seemed to have sustained any in
jury. They were racing along firing
rapidly and vigorously, but, fortunately,
nearly all their shots went over us or
fell short. The roar of the projectiles
' was one of those things that can only
be heard once in a lifetime, once heard
never forgotten.
"The thought passed through my mind
that after all our precautions and our
weeks of patient waiting, those fellows
off there on our right were going to get
away. It did not seem possible that we
could stop them all, nor did I think It
possible that we could escape. Four,
against Oiys appeared. 40 be pretty heavy
Odds, and, knowing the epeed of the
battleships, it Sfd nrt-tccuri5-sSi'i!tfif!
any one of them could come up with the
fight or stay with the chase. Turning
to Captain Cook, I remarked:
" 'It's beginning to look pretty lope
some out here.'
"He agreed with me and, I think, Re
marked that If the Spaniards could shoot
as well as we knew our boys could, the
tvehances for our getting out were de
cidedly slim. -
" 'But,' I said, 'we sre In for It and
'must stay with this crowd.'
"While we were talking the battle
raged without a moment's cessation. We
piUnged onward, the ship ringing with
h .v.nt. nf rh men and resounding
ow 4h thn..i-f the suns. Above us
tn, grtAi shells snd smaller projectiles
Bnrleked snd whistled with diabolical
fury Astern of us hung that lmpenit-
"suddenly I heard a shout on deck,
"suddenly I heard a shout on decK.
ttnd -iancg back, saw a great white
WV roniS r out of the smoke. Have
' . i . v. -
you ever seen uie Done m ins
of a monster battleship which Is rusTi-
Ing forward at a speed of from 14 to 16
knote an hour? No? Well, then you
cannot appreciate what I saw at that
'
m"?her. earn, the great wave, rolling
;nd.we,l.n. a.th. ship w. knew was
uonina H pmuuou uh tiv.
soon as we saw this bow wave we knew
juiy. i7r, the senate, after having evi- f'"""Bnl ol Daiue, ror what seemed
dence that Senator Blount was conspir- "e certain defeat was turned Into cor
ing to transfer New Orleans and adja- uln victory and we went at our work!
cent territory from fipaln tQ Great wlth renewed spirit and a will that '
Britain- by meana of a hostile military
expedition from the .territory of the
United States, decided to Impeach him.
Two days later he was expelled from
the senate. In December, 1798, the
house, managers - presented Its, case be- -
fore the senate for trial. Blount did
not appear but his counsel entered a
plea that the senate had no Jurisdiction
since a senator Is not a civil officer of
the United States. This plea was sua-
lajne.d-andih.ft charsg8were dlemlaBed
jur wain oi jurioaicuun. i ne conien-
tlon was made also that' Blount having
been expelled was no longer a senator
and could not be punished out of office
for acts committed 1ft office.
Impeachment of Belknap.
It Is still an open question whether
an officer can escape Impeachment and
trial before the senate by resignation or
the question was discussed In the case
of William Belknap, who was lm
peached in 1876 for having used his po
sition as. secretary of war as a means
of securing hrlbes from an Indian agent.
A few hours before his Impeachment he
resigned and his resignation was ac
cepted by the prcsldont. Belknap's
counsel set up the claim that the house
had not the power to Impeach anyone
who by, resignation or otherwise had
ceased to be a "civil officer Of the
United States
By a vote of 37 to 29
me senate decided that Belknap was
amenable to impeachment. On most of
the charges 36 senators voted for con
viction and 25 for atwmair SflTfehBTf
one third of the senators refused to
iv ti ...T I n Tw a ln"i.locallty form a cooperative society itrd
h Lsel from th urisd'!!?. Th 0bUln a l0a" 0n th t" Of tWf
himself from the Jurisdiction of the ,n.,.iv. ..t. rn, .i
vote for conviction on the ground that
senate.
The Impeachment of President An
drew Johnson in 1868, was the most, fa
mous use of this power In the history
of the United States. This Impeach
ment resulted from violent controversies
between the president and congress con
cerning policies of reconstruction. The
president repeatedly vetoed acts of con
gress bearing on reconstruction and bit
terly condemned its policy. Congress
repassed many of the measures over his
veto and sought to curb his power by
the tenure of office act, of March, 1SST.
Johnson denounced congress and at
tempted to remove officials, by demand
Ing the resignation of Secretary of War tlally unknown In Europe. They haven't
Stanton. Thoroughly aroused, the house any use for them oer there. The farnl
brought articles of Impeachment against u'ng freely hla dynamic money, hn-
hlm March J. 1868, on 11 charges,
on his altofted violation of the tenure of
office-act,
On March It the trial began" and
lasted until May, when the senate, by
a vote of 15 to 19, voted guilty. Thus
th impeachment failed by on vote of iv us of money, an 1 tM i -th
required two thirds and Johnson out surely t u'i i
Was acquitted. ' . th old-tlrn Jobbci."
that one of our ships was tearing
to the fight. Our own guns bellowed
the more furiously, as we kept our eye "
on that wave, all anxiety tip know the ,
name of our consort.
"Sl!owly but surely the new arrival' -forced
her way forward. We next saw.
her prow pushed out of the smoke and,
heard, above all the noise of the battle ,
the thunder of her great guns. " (..
-'"With eyes glancing from our target;. '
otfTn' the starboard hand to the oni
rushing consort, four or five hundred,
yards off on our starboard quartet, V
watched the drama as It played itself
out After the bow wave and the prow.,)
came into view the smoke lifted 4!
little and gave ua a view of two tltanla
13 -Inch guns, pointing like giant fingers;
toward the enemy and bearing ffti4hlf! .
tips long columns of flame. Front every;
lip on the deck of the Brooklyn went up"
the cry: ' ( -
" 'God blss the Oregon.'
The Oregon Saves the Day. . f
, "For that fleeting glance told tip that
nf magn If lcent ship, had ibhleVed Kh; "
other wonderful triumph an4 come. tel..
our assistance. In that one moment,
the whole aspect of the battle changed
A few minutes before the odds were -terribly
against us. Our destruction. -had
seemed Inevitable. But when we
saw the Oregon so near it was very ' "
different. We knew the ship and wqr
knew her commander. Nothing mat
tered then. The Brooklyn and the Ore '
gon, we felt, could whip the: whole ,
Spanish navy, and a cheer of greeting
was sent across the water to the glorl- .
oua ship and her undaunted captain,:
"Faster and faster the men served the
guns. The Oregon's 18 -inch gunit
belched forth death and destruction to"
the enemy, the fire from both ships'
being steady and deadly.
"In an Incredibly short time we .saW
other Spanish ships. She wai evtaenil
omer Spanish ships. She wa eviaenlljf
done to death, as she lost way rapidly
d turned In toward shore. On.'wai
flllf arty , V, AA i . ...
aiaiu ua wore ivt
duced to a minimum.
A few minutes later the Oquendft '
turned In to perish on the beach, and
.l"e0,n nd Brooklyn rushed on la
Pursuit of the Colon and VIimvl Th
Jg menTwhSn Thl t
L?
through th. , v, . . ' . . . '
-h h
.usu. no Bavr, men, lur
the first time, since we had turned
around, one of our own ships and knew
that we had assistance In the deadly ,
work there was to be done that day.
"Our feeling of Joy and thanksgiving
when we realised at that moment that
the day was about to be won for eur
country Is past all description. It wa
JL0ua..sJl.juiJUle-SalyB-M
- w Jimpiy onwncwe.'
' .-
Linerican farmers as
TkeirOwtt-Banlerw-
mnumuro irora rage I, mia BeOUOn.)
lmr.rnvfmpnn nr,fh& nho.A t'.-
- v. , ..w u.vucev w
chlnerv TTnr Ihnia nnA ill aiIiailjuiJi
in m
.,
on his own cash In hand, or he ,
must buy Ms necessaries on expensive
credit. Hla local storekeeper. In prac
tice, le his banker, and his order :ftf
buslnets is simply topsy-turvy. K
ought to buy at the lowest price SJtd
sell at the highest; actually, on the ru-
tall credit system, he buys his money
Bt the hlghes( prlce ftnd ,en, htlI crops
at.9 V0 prlC' whIch 19 th Wejt
awt ouwh aai?ii ui CWers-
tlve credit compare with tho plans pux ,
eued In Europe?" n .
There are two Important differences "
between this one which Is leasible fer
the United States, and the Ralffelsen
end Sehulse-Delltsch systems nraetli
in Europe Capital would be obtained
from Its principal sources and the iii-
terest rates would be the lowest po
tlhle: and th funntlona r.rnn., in K.nU..
and syndicate would hn Drorrl mh. .
lotted the technical work of banklrg
going to the banker, the syndicate d
talU to .tiiejSn44a.' " .
"The Kalffelsen is a system of per
sonal credit, under. which farmers of ;
Jointly and severally liable an unlmv
Ited liability, plan. Germany is dotted
wlt,h little local banks, all federated Into
central banks, which have been organ
ized by these associations on the coop
eratlve plan, and act asbank of de
posit lor the savings oAtlie eaeoola
tlor. members. 1 '
Mr. Lubln was asked to what extent
cooperative banking would relieve th'
handicaps of the American farmers, as
.they exist at present.
"The great number of trust In farm
prdduuls . which do business here," lie
answered, "are virtually end subitsn-
niea cooperatively ana collectively: t
Itself. "
"'Jplaee-Hh American fanner, on
SQuaJ footing With tho F.urotn Mr
by'mean of cooperative sm'Hi"
rural banking system nrl t
the point that senators and representa
tives are not Impeachable on the ground
that they r not civil officers.. In
... - .rfr :-
r