the .'okcgo:? cu:;day joui;:;al, Portland, , cuiay : :o:.:n:;o, n;. .ja:;v i:, i:::
if
iu
Ul
n
J u
"CanaalJJjttt Sfieol 7ut Cn Since, r6&. Tfax Yxx
1 A
Goo
i
. . - I
for Country 7?o4d 'Improvement. Crren
Better Schools Also
Result From This
Fortunate Combination,
the Result of One
Motherly Idea
. . By Ellen Foster Stone ...
TTfHJT is the use a very . good
teacher and a very good school
unless there be a good road to
reach them? In season of drought dust
obscures the ttvzy. is not uncommon ex
perience for 0 party Starting OUt, each Wtat-
- .L.I. . . f It . I .j m . . a . . .-i ... ;
ing aomes oj aijfereni cotort.io return uni
formed "wearin 7 the irrv roads on their
W O - . t ,
packs! as the jocular member ' puts tt , While
yruMrL;. ' "WU mln AA 'mh !iif"
w tii enough, but when this dust be
tomes mud!
Not many months ago, while visiting
efter years of absence a most prosperous agri
cultural section; noted for its fine- apples "-and
Vbest butter," the beauties were appealing one
by one. The i heavens above, i clear . as
Sapphire; delithted the eye, OS did the SUr ' etuaynK mora cloaely, interviewing the rural youth
rr -i ,t v ' -t; fiodtlng to the cities. It waa learned that chiefly were
rounding Mils, gay in their autumn gar o, re- tnty urged bytht natural ,nUnctlve de8lre of tn, young
Vealing. WOndrOUS colorings; but, from thtStot life, for plessure, tot companlonaiilp of their kind,
panorama one must turn to consider the earth comradeship of touching, .houiaers, as n were, with
K , f .i . other folks. . , r. , . (l
beneath to insure safe footing tn the quag-
mireSome-chtldren trudging bravely &hng, -aImo'tHER-KEART'S -REVELATION
picking a dainty way, were asked, by way of
ptaking acquaintance; X
I "Do you go to school, children?" Imme
diately came jhe answer: "Nope, not now.
Roads is too bad; spoil our shoes" A child
denied its birthright I Shoes and roads as
against human development was the fact
impressed. .. v r
OAD conditions are not exaggerated by those urg
ing Improvement.. It Is not difficult to find bad.
roads; rather It is difficult to avoid them ones
the main highways are left. But all bomee are -
not on main h!ghways."Our rural population la a scat
. tered population living along roads aocepted through
habit aa matters of course rather than matters to be
remedied the sort of roads you go through rather than
over; the sort of roads that place a mud embargo on
educational. Industrial and social life.
1 Did you ever attend a carriage-cleaning feat In a
rura district? How the whole family, the hired help ,
and. the visitor fell to to remove the marks of travel from
Jt.e conveyance caught In a sudden downpour of rain
and uprising of, mud some miles from home! Such a
Jacking up of wheels and laborious water carrying! A
sort of frollo for the visitor, perhaps; but to the family
repetition year In and year out gradually causes th, older
folks to become' stay-at-homes. And the. young folks f
They go to soma ctty oftener han not. .
To restrain this appalling exodus of country children,
to th city, to build up the rural communities by fur
nishing mental and mora Instruction and entertainment,
is a work undertaken and designed to be carried to suc
cessful completion through highway Improvement.
: It Is known that hundreds of thousands of country
children are 4eprtvdof the rudiments of education be- .
cause of road conditions. In Texas alone, 130,000 children
were out of school tn 1909. "
In our mountainous regions, we are told, over 4,000,000
children are almost wholly untouched educationally.
Facilities ar of the crudest and altogether Inadequate.
In aoxne localities the-dry creek beds are the roads to
the faraway school to which the eager youngsters walk
gladly. : .:; :,..;.: .. , .
The dreary monotony of the poor road locality, the
lack of prosperity, the restricted crops, the illiteracy,-
are drawbacks to general development and progress.
GOOD ROADS AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
' la our country there are about 37,000,000 children, a
power for weal or woe as is their advancement or re-
tajrdment..lAll .Improvement cornea through intelligent
effort
Ancient wisdom built roads for war. Rome, that she
might swiftly,' safely march her men to victory, torn
pel led the building of roads whlclTIoaay if e lnvatuabls
legacies. Modern thought built, roads for commerce. The
twentieth century will have good roads for social and
educational advancement; this shall be twin to econonjle
development. Improved roads Increase school attendance
and increase the general production of marketable stuffs.
, But how are we going to get this Improvement? flow
pay the price? . We are paying the price, though it is not
so Itemised in accounts. Bad roads, restricted crops, are
the highest taxes we pay. , Far more than is realized is
living's cost affected by road conditions. All that we
eat and drink and wear; our shelter) light and beat,
come primarily from the soli and first the materials,
ra-w or finished, must be hauled over roads to stations
and wharves, for shipment or to markets for sale.
in our country are 2,iau,uw, miles or roads. Only a
rbtftW VonV
rem, or ie,uw, are improved, xet. yearly aimoet
cost of hsullng over poor roads at lowest tonnage rate
1 over UUO.OUO.OOO annually. This could be reduced one
half by road improvement. Good roads would pay for
themselves in ten years at-this rate. To turn our 'com
mon earth roads Into good gravel highways would cost
IJ.ouO.OuU.VOO, and, while it Is much' to- be desired, we
taimot expect .the road millennium at this pries to sud
denly appear. " v ' - ' ?
But who can gainsay what will happen, nr how soon,
bow that mothers are turning road builders T
. A mother,-the legend has It, built the first home,
creeping into a cave, about which entrance she planted
the first garden, when feeling the need for shelter and
1 "d for her young in. primal days. Later wi'read where
't-ne k'Oketh well t her household, -she planteth a vlne
yrd." And now today, among her many activities in
her wider home-making, she has awakened to ,thejieeds
. UL. iniyiovea-ioaaays.-
No loftier are mothers content to keen ,tha )l)drM
t home because of bad Toads., They have formulated
t'r for keeping ths children in school because of good
."Js. Ana. ostter yet. tne children are tn ba Uxgely
. : l-y: ':irn:7:
hi '-in.ii-iii. iniiMlWiat T:.liii,i)tnarimm. I ,
the constructionists, improvers or maintalners of the
Aaia aha klik t i aw iairl ni1nriln( 4 K1 itnnnrr
roafis over which they travel, developing their country
while developing themselves. ,
DlftVtHWIVD I1U llir-WChiS iiavviol vita
become fewer In number. The monotony of ehut-ln
Ufa will make lew havoc with physical and mental
"Stay-at-.homes" and "fair-weather travilera" only
health, , More contented people will be found In rural
sections. The text will be not "BacK to the sotl,H but
"Stay on the toll." . v.
-:' For year various organisations of mothers, In their
work for world welfare through child welfare, confined'
their efforts mainly to childhood in the cities and smaller .
towns. It was found that the city child was the "hopper" '
Into which was being poured most f " the helps and
blessihgsali of which were Justly due and the country'
children' wer deprived at much al their TlghtM heritage.
A mother-heart received the revolatjon: .Impassable
roads,- unbridged streams. Exiled boys and girls in far
too many localities. ; Lack of recreative amusement, a.
dearth of sociability or opportunity to enjoy it And
this mother,-a city dweller now of .St. Louis, then In
fehreveport, La., thought out a plan whereby the boys
and girls might stay at home and be aided to lift these
veils of monotony and dreary routine; to gain stimulus ...
through recreation sn3 education and' add to their sturdy
characteristics the, buoyancy which comes through Joy
In doing; to enablf them by their own efforts to bring
the best of life Vol their very doors: not to desert ths
homesteads for cityNJfe, but rather to stay where there
Is room to grow, thusgtrengthenlng the Vertebra of .
their country. ;; . ' .-X. : - ' ssV-4' ..- I
And is k fanclfurto belIeve4heroads and waterways
are bones and sinews of a country's body? The picture
would not, fade from Mrs, De Garmo's vision. Shs saw
' a pleasant road well kept, beside it a model schoolhouse,
a consolidated School ttr" which the children from some
miles" might come, there to receive not only book learn
ing, but education manual arts, domestic arts, physical '
culture, th study of hygiene and sanitation. But how,
6h how, with such highways and means of conveyance
so limited T Better them, that's all. AtwitJher howT -First
of all, the story must be spread, and Mrs. Ds
Garmo evolved a plan, very simple but wholly effective.
Publicity, through tlV great American press; education,
demonstration at stats fairs and by stereoptlcon; then
legislation, federal, state, county and local ...... , -n.--1
So It transpired' that Mm. Frank e Garmo was the
'. first' woman to launch a campalgh for road Improvement '
in any country, under the authority of the national com -gress
of mothers, which, through ths Indorsement of the
.president of the United States and co-operation of ths ;
roeriei) Ratio
T
HE cold eye of science-imagine it, frosty, -
calm, unbiased, , unbnbable has been
turned on human heredity and has re
duced to mathematics the extent to which :
ancestry plays its part in every generation S
mane-up. ' .
The frosty eye aforesaid ducked scientifically
the modern American passion for genealogy, per-
heps because that is a department belonging
. strictly to the Order of the Crown and pink teas;
perhaps because it might make trouble - among a-
lot of descendants who have; proved better satis
fied with ancestors than with .themselves. But it
has' nevertheless revealed the exact mathematical
truth about distinguished ancestry so clearly; ' so !
indisputably, that whenits chill arid painful facts
become universally known, there will be" heraldry
experts hunting jobs as card cataloguers and Co
lonial Dames sandpapering royal devices off the
doors of theil 'motorcars. They may. even use
plain notepaper after this; who knows!
B
IO books .have been, published about them. One
is lttnlted to Colonial Dames and the members
of the Order of the Crown. There are (43.
Thess democratic or ' republican Untied
-states havs ths royal honor of- including In their
population 643 ladles in whose veins flow the purple
drops that prove them the descendants of kings. The
- drops, of course, don't flow separately go'a you can
notice them; they're ail mixed up with' the common,
red drops that came down along with them: from ths
' butchers and bakers and candleatickmakers;. but,
they're there, circulating, Just the same. You can tell
their exlatence by. the touches of royal condescension
they give to some woman who, otherwise, might
' harshly refrain from associating with ths rest of ths
1 WArM At - 11 Yah f.mn al,n nntt that wi,ti ks v
leucocytes of one drop. .encounters the red corpuscles
.: of another, they shriek t 'Oh, gracious heavens! me long
lost sisters!?! and proceed to-eat Hsm alive, just as
kings and queens used to chew up one another In the
park 1 Ages before Benedict Arnold transplanted
ireacnery inio aernocrncy.
by scientists. Recently one of them wrote:
"There- are hardly two JwaW of European orlg n,
ho are more distantly related than .thirtieth cousin ;
r who do not hava a .ConSman gnxeitoji ot ths tlms
w
-or
I
it.
A
:-. .-)' . .-
5 C
department of agriculture, hat roused the womanhood
il. ' m a i a. i 4 .mm
of the nation and Its territories to organised effort.
In a apeclal department of the national congress and '
aa special agent of the agricultural department, Mrs.
Da Garmo la presetting highway Improvement in - tne
Interest of mothers and sohool children. The Federation
of 'Women's Clubs, state and general, and the Daughters
of the American Revolution are planning to work along
similar lines.
' Tin actual accomplished work during but four years '
of rural work la registered in Oregon, Tennessee, Mis
souri, Louisiana particularly, and in every, tat of the
thlrtyelght wherein are stats organliatlons of mothers.
The children of the fields and the foothills are bens- '
flted. The consolidated school Is existing beside the good
domp&nyA rlirsf
inis S3' c&ercr ro.
. , 3oy totfiibtof.CaorcitT) rYon.F'rJf
roads. Ths wagonettes traverse these roads, picking up
the children before the school hour, depositing them at
the model schoolhous and returning - them to their
homes at closing time; 7
In Southlngton, O., eleven wagonettes are In use, ear-'
Tying over on hundred children daily to school; It li
found that-' the 'expense of maintenance of the one con
solidated school and the necessary wagonettes is less
- of King William 1 of England"
ungiana
He isn't saying they all havs
anceKtor; there's no need to
to make out another ancestral
4101a up easy tnerei
King William as their
pnone the heraldry man
tree on tne
Henry had
successors, like those among the
wards; but he has specifically, nai
specifically referred to a common
recora-noi pernsps equal to some ox
named wnilam I end aS
IDtlMtQr U WUiiAsia'
ill 'M i) (:.. 'itl
'7I
1 u
Jfoenfs
Decrease.
Affencfance.
a 1 WWW
!5
Prize. ef.J& ror&ejr o"of .
' tW fcfW . CAT , t , . .
.LTmrnproyyid 7fb&a . ,
than .'that of the numerous small schools of primltlvs
appointments, scattered here and there along ths way,
each With separate equipment and teachers.
But what about road improvement and malntenancet
Well, tomorrow's road makers are among today's 87,000,000
school children. Why not teach them now the elemen
tary principles of road making and Implant the belief
In the necessity- for improved avenues for traffic And ,
; tt5poopo6
'Jnve. That may have been any old Saxon who was
among the also-presenta when William, red-headed and
hopeful, made his acquaintance with an ax S00 years ago.
'When we recall," remarks the mathemaUcal sci
entlkt, 'he enormous number of our ancestors result
lng.rom the fact that the number (theoretically) doubles
In each earlier generation so ' that there are more than
a million In the twentieth ascendin generation and mors.:
than a billion in the thirtieth, then we see that sums
degree Of coiwennuinlty in the parents is to be expected." ,
A , Not only that, but znaybs some degree of uncer
Uimy auwut taa ultimate ancestry is to be counted on.
FOr instance, ttiere ato tn half dozen ohildren of Mrs.
Lida Camnbell Grlsslm Leib. - who be) on as -to- the Vlr-
' glnia and California Societies of the Colonial Dames, to
, (he Society of Daughters of the American Revolution, to
toe Order of the Crown and also to Etc. Their father is
Samuel Franklin Leib; but we needn't waste any excite
ment over him. He's lust a judge in San Jote, Cal.
'The royal descent of those children's mother, like ths
name of Abou ben Adhem. leads them all; and it harks
. back to bully old Alfred the Great, the king of England,
through thirty-six. generations.. Count them thirty-six.
, That makes some 65,136,000,000 ancestors those children
bad In the time of Alfred In England, all alive and, from
historical evidence of the state of affairs when Al began
reigning, most of them kicking. You can see now why
Mr. Davenport was so scrupulous and sclentlflo about
putting In that word "theoretical" in parentheses. He
knew that there weren't more than sixty-five billion
people In England when Alfred reigned.. Fact is. after
you count Alfred and the peasant lady who roasted him
for spoiling the aBh cakes, and Lady Ethelblth, who is
mentioned in small tyne as ha vine been married to Al
fred, there weren't more than about a million more-
cooks, I crooks, bottle washers and plain and ' fancy
robbers. -
But it's not only the number of ancestors that is to
be reckoned with. Scientists, such as Oalton,' figure that
a child inherits one-half of himself from his parents;
one-half of the second half from his grandparents; one
half of the third half from his great-grandparents, and
so on, halving the remaining half until In twenty genera
tions he has about one-millionth part of any ancestor.
Now, there Is Mrs. Florence Earle Coates, the gifted
writer, of Philadelphia, whose descent Is traced by
Charles H. Browning, tne same accurate suinoruy wno
chased down the ancestors of the Colonial Dames. Hs
got down to the pedigrees of 256 Americans, who were
built that way, without the assistance of the new soci
eties and orders, and he never stumbled over a bar sin
ister in the whole bunch. Mrs. Coates, who Is ths
daughter of 3eorgs H. Earls.- had Charlemagne for her
ancestor at leaBt that's where Mr-Browning, oult.
, cnariemagne . neiongs ,tnircy-seven jrenerauane nacK
of Mrs. Coates;. but he's therein the same else .type as
Alfred the Great for Mr, leib; So that gives her one-
i""' r;;t".'"V-
for ths Charlemagne blood supply. This wouid seem to
3FSf !
so, after experiment and conference with national an4
stats highway officials and superintendents of educa--4ton,
tha-Congress of Mothers, In Us rnraf weltai-
department, evolved the organisation at present termed
the Road Cadets of America, or ths Cadet Road Patrol
Ths object of the organisation is to familiarise ths
boys with commercial, educational and social value at
the roads, to enable them to acquire the principles, and
practices of roadmaktng; the causes and effects of good
roads; their location, ' grades, drainage, maps and pro'
(Ilea, construction and maintenance ; machinery neces
sary in road building, and to ?ractle -ascertain light
military drill in current tactics whlohjwill develop dia
clpllne. chivalry and loyalty' as characteristic Of , every
valiant road cadet. Mora dignified, erect and civil la
their bearing the road cadets become, more respectful
to parents and teachers, more orderly in their habits,
mora conscientious, more careful in dress, thus eliminat
ing the atigma of "country town"f and 'hayseed, to
often resting on manly, rurallts. 13 4 .
On arbot, days, led by the cadets, 'the school children
plant trees along the roadways, learning not only ths "
value of the tree and Improved road, but the oonneo ,
tion between the tree and the road, ths various kinds .
of trees adapted to roadside , planting and the extent
and character of tree planting adapted to ths kind tt
road. -Hickory, pecan and. walnut trees are planted
where they thrive, as are shade trees, Also, where most
' needed. J : '', 'v'1' , . -: : v."-;'"
The boys learn in their natrols of the road, and each
'. company patrols a certain number of miles, the orlgia4
of roads, ths trail, ths footpath of ths pioneers evolved
Into earth roads, the eorduroy road." the charcoal, gravel,
rock or concrete roads. They soon know which arsj
. state, county or neighborhood roads; what permanently
Improved roads mean to a community, how they effeot
rural mail delivery.' They find out what grade meant,
and the lose In haul over steep gradet ;; the vital Im
portance of drainage and tle necessity for malntenancet --
the importance of prompt repairs and how to maks
then. ,
Ths use of the split-log drag Is easily learned, and th
boys are Impressed with the fact that it la the solution
of the whole earth-road problem the country over. ,
; ; PATROLS KEEP LOGS v
Each patrol Is required to keep a log, and prises ar
offered for the best..- In this log ths condition and kinds
of roads are noted, the number of accidents and why. .
Danger signal sign posts. bridges .APlJMlverts weede,;
clods and rocks in roadbed, all jars considered. Ths ,
cadet4 are under direction of highway engineers, whs
aetermlnethe territory patrolledj Jhelr drill is that
"Tor. L'nl,teaSlaTes rmy lnfMtryTeftjiattonar r ; "
Constant Instruction of this kind "will, produce clti J
tens-who r will not tolerate, a long line of liquid moraes
and dignify it with the name of road wayl'Mudwaya"..
' will disappear much Quicker by this system f education
than by legtslatlcn. 1 . ,''' "'
' Five years Is the time the mothers' have set In which
to accomplish, the proposed improvement.. Then:.;,. with
well-kept roads between homes and schools, will corns
the real help to rural progress, the consolidated school as "
a recreational social center,, where iay gather at will ths
community for Instruction and entertainment by Illus
trated "lecture, song and story. Enlightenment by ths
traveling university or library will be open to all. '
Ocular demonstration made at stats fairs la a great
ald iu suggesting help, A model home, , a model school,
connected by a model road, is a permanent part of ths
state fair in Louisiana. The buildings, completely fur
nished by. the handicraft of the school children under II
'years Of age, show the possibility for economical and
artistic furnishing In any rural home. A day nursery
was maintained In the model home, where hundreds of :
Infants were cared for While their parents saw the fair.
Here also, on Mothers' Congress day, the governor drov
the split-log drag before the grandstand to demonstrate
Its use. The whole exhibit resulted In .passing, the best
rvau taws me siaie nas naa.
Teeth From Pebbles
I
T IS . wonderful where man will go for .'crude
material with which to manufacture something that
Is in demand throughout the whole world, or ' la
some particular land or district. "
Men and boys on the coast of Normandy, between
the towns of Dieppe and Havre, on the English channel,
are searching daily for a certain kind of small, atone or
pebble. They carry sacks, and when these are filled,
they take them to a superintendent, who pays them
about on franc. Then the stones are packed and
shipped to the United States, where, through certain
mechanical processes, these Normandy pebbles are ' re
duced to' the finest kind of modern porcelain, which Is
.used in'the manufacture of false teeth. t-
No stone yet found answers the purpose so well aa
the sinaH pebbles picked up on that distant shore from'
among doxens of other kinds of rocks. This Is a grow
ing Industry In Normandy, and those -engaged In gather-.
Ing ths rock seem to feel they earn their money easily.,
along oh; but Mrs. Coates, down to about ths ninth gen
eration from Charlemagne, had nothing but kings of '
France, Italy and England to acknowledge tn an ances
tral showdown. It comes pretty near. being a royal
Or fake one of the shorter pedigrees, like that of
Edward-Cogswell Converse, of New York, He whoops
back through twenty-two generations to Edward I of
-England. So he's about one. eight-millionth part royal.
; Where af healthy man can use one eight-millionth part
of a king in New York city would ba hard to guess; and
where that one eight-millionth part ought to stick out
'would ba harder. But suppose, It turned up In his
whiskers. The actual number of hairs in a New York
man's whiskers hasn't been publicly announced yet. be
cause they mostly , shave. . But allowing as many as '
(0.000 of tnem to a strong, hearty set of whiskers, he
would have just one one-nundred-and-sixtleth part of a '
hair that he could claim as his share of royalty. Now,
if he could grow that hair five Inches long nd could
determine .which thlrty-tecond part of art-inch of It -was
truly royal, and then tie pink baby ribbon above and.'
- below- that' fragment.-'Why,- it might be made visible t -
the naked eye. But if the royal part should happen to ,
stick permanently in the roots, there would be no bops,
at all. .. ' -1 . - : .
- A LITTLE BIT OF HUGH CAPET,.
. Suppose you're like Mrs. Jonathan -R. 'Wlock, ot
Bristol, H. I., with grandfathers who reach right back, '
through the thirty-three generations behind you, on
Sast Pawtuxet, R. L, ad beyond Lady Gwenthellean
e Talbot de Turbervllle, of Olamorganshlre," to Hugh
Capet, who was king of Franoe. Well, one sixteen
.billionth part of you would be royat. ; -
On the other hand, suppose you're Mr. Nelll Mc- .
Coull, of Richmond. Va.. an4 hit the royal trail at .ths '
fifteenth ascension, landing on Robert II. king of
Scotland. You have the pleanlng mathematical fact -'-'
to brace you up that one fifty-six thousandth part
of you is royal, or nearly one-tweritieth of an ounos -If
you weigh 10 pounds. r
The royal blood may run pretty thin by the time
you get back to Egbert, who was king of England -thirty-three,
generations before Professor Francis S.
. Sampsrm, D. D., was born for the good of humanity
end of Union Theological Seminary, at Hampden
Sldney,"ln Virginia. This latter -has one sixteen
billionth part of royalty left in him. -
It's elmply wonderful how the inheritance of royal ,
blood will tell. There waa Charles Martel, who lam
basted the Saracens and was Charlemagne's grand
dad.. When it reached the fortieth adulteration, and
amounted to only one two-trlllionth part of Charles
Chauncey Darling, of title N. Y.. that one two- ,
trllllonth' fraction of Charles the Hammer helpedaa
- make up the modern owner, General Charles C
Darling. .-,;-y,y1( .y-- " ..5. -: , 1
There are," It appears, about, 700 more who havs s
millionth or a billionth oart of themselves to boast of
- as royal. The documentary evidence is All there; but it
Is liable to prove mighty inconvenient to demonstrate the
leavening of, say, 147 pounds of colonial Dame by means
ihii .H.n.lflr nv.nort rRleuiation la that tne further
back you have ta-chase your king, ths less of him you