THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SATURDAY EVENING, ' FEBRUARY 10, 1912. ,'
THE JOURNAL
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5"
The brave man seeks not popular
applause.
Nor, overpowered with arms,
, . desert Ma cause;
Unsham'd. though foll'd, he does
tha best, he can,
Force Is of brutes, but honor Is
of man.
Dryden.
NO FIAT GOVERNMENT
a-ORTLAND has a city charter.
yj It has a city council.
, The charter creates the coun
' ell. It confers certain powers
on the council, and limits that body
In the use of power. It is the in
strument, promulgated and adopted
by the people, for the guidance of
the council, declaring what authority
It may exercise and what It may not
exercise.
i. Created by the charter, no coun
cil can be bigger than the charter,
The limitations prescribed in the in
strument must, In no case, be exceed
ed, a fact that is of paramount Im
portance In its bearing on the ap
plication of the Southern Pacific for
new concessions from the city of
Portland.
The corporation is asking for priv
lieges that are In conflict with the
fixed rulea of the people as an
nounced In the charter. The council,
the mayor, the Southern Pacific
company, and all others .concerned
should familiarize themselves thor
oughly with the charter and, in the
proposed concessions, adhere strictly
to Its provisions.
No other course is proper. No
other course would square with con
stitutional government. Any other
course would be personal govern
meat.-
COPYING WEST'S POLICY
OVERNOR HOOPER of Tennes
I see la copying In bis state the
T Prtson policy of Governor West
of Oregon. An' article in which
the Chattanooga Times commends
the plan, appears on this page.
.The governor of Texas is also ex
perimenting with the -West plan
Governor Foss of Massachusetts is
moving In the same direction. In
numerous other states the system is
to be tried.
In. eighteen states the governors
have expressed a desire for abolish
znent of the death penalty. In Cal
Ifornla the question is likely to be
submitted to popular vote under ex
' actly the same conditions as in Ore
gon. There is discussion of the sub
ject from New York to California,
with much prospect of & widespread
change In the system. The West
prison policy has been in vogue but
one year, but it is so new and so
rational that It has made West a
national figure and his convict sys
tem the subject of country wide in
quiry and interest. It is something
that the world had not thought of
before.
It' threw Into the spotlight the
hitherto unsurmlsed fact that some
men Inside a penitentiary may be
; better material for citizenship than
some outside. It revealed the hith
erto unguessed fact that there is a
: spark of virtue In almost every hu
man -being, however disreputable,
and that by proper appeal it can be
touched into activity and manhood
be restored. From tho . material
standpoint, it disclosed that, Instead
of herding convicts In idleness in a
: bull pen, they can be utilized in
practical work that makes better
men of them and lifts a burden from
the taxpayers by making prisons
partially self-supporting,
- Governor West has been traduced
at home, but his works are copied
In distant states. As his pur
poses and his character become bet
ter understood, the unjust criti
cisms heaped upon him will only
make him stronger at home.
A GROWING INDUSTRY
THE JOURNAL will print tomor
row an estimate showing that
the egg production of the state
for the past year was $9,600,
000, and that it was an increase of
more than 50 per cent over the out
' put Of 1911, when it was $6,250,000.
The Increase iu the number of fowls
was 3,000,000 head, or fully one
third more than the number for 1910.
.The value of the poultry for 1911
wad 17.000,000. against $4,000,000
lit 1910.
" There are now In the state 9,000,
d 00 fowls, against 6,000,000 a year
f ago. The Increase, as shown by in
vestigation, is largely tho result of
a doubling of bis poultry operations
by the small farmer. It is also in
' evidence that eastern and central
Oregon' have each contributed
strongly to the larger output, ship
ments having arrived during the
. year from many points In the inland
empire, . from which there wore no
offerings In former years.- Some of
these points ;' f6rmerly , drew from
Portland their supplies of poultry
products, having changed during the
year from the position of Importers
to that of exporters. The building
of railroads Into the section, is a
contributing cause to the changed
aspect in the inland empire.
The outlook for 1912 is for a
still further enlarged output of poul
try and poultry products. The pur
chase of appliances for poultry in
dustry is much larger than ever be
fore. The operations of amateurs
and others, who are experimenting
with the Industry are on a larger
scale. Prices are constantly favor
able, and there are signs that Ore
gon win yet grow ner own poultry
and poultry products.
An Oregon hen carries the rec
ord for the greatest number of eggs
produced In a year. The number
was 259, and it was at the Oregon
Agricultural college that she made
her record. She Is an earnest ofj
what can be done In the state.
Still, we Imported 204 carloads of
eggs last year.
PAUPERS AND BAYONETS
HE record shows that for
long time past there has been
every other day, a pauper buri
al among the mill operatives
22,000 of whom are now on a strike
at Lawrence. What else than a pau
per burial every other day is pos
sible on an average wage scale of $6
per week for women and $9 for
men?
The strike is on because the mill
owners refuse to make an average
advance of 31 cents per day for
men and 21 cents for women. The
operators say they cannot afford the
advance.
Here are some of the financial op
erations of the companies Involved
The American Woolen company,
owning the biggest mills, has a cap
ital of $69,500,000, and surplus
earnings of $11,271,454. It pays a
7 per cent dividend on Its capital,
The Pacific Mills have $3,000,000
capital, a surplus of $6,127,000
They pay annual dividends of more
than 12 per cent. The market price
of the stock showed a gain of $445
per share. In 1907, the Pacific
Mills paid an extra dividend of 20
per cent in cash.
The Arlington Mills have a capi
tal of $8,000,000 and a surplus of
$2,824,309. In 1905 these mills
paid an extra dividend of 33 per
cent in cash.
They say the tariff is for the
benefit of American labor, but
ItT Is an average wage of $6 to $9
per week, with a pauper burial of a
mill worker every other day, an
overwhelming prosperity for Amer
lean labor?
With the beggar's wage and pau
per burials on one side, and huge
capital, colossal surpluses and
mounting profits on the other, is
it American labor or American man
ufacturers that profit from the
tariff? Two troops of cavalry and
twenty-one companies of militia are
showing the Lawrence strikers with
fixed bayonets that they and not the
millowners get all the benefits.
What Massachusetts workmen
need is a law fixing an eight-hour-
day and a minimum wage. That,
and not a tariff, will save them from
a pauper funeral every other day.
SWINDLERS BY MAIL
T
HE postofflce has been of late
years the best protector of the
public against those swindlers
who use the malls to dissemi
nate their lying circulars.
Chief Postofflce Inspector Sharp
has stated in his very recent annual
report that during this last fiscal
year promoters of fraud who had
collected approximately $77,000,000
from the public had been exposed,
prosecuted, and driven out of busi
ness by the postofflce department.
bTho sum mentioned does not Include
the gains of others who have thus
far escaped. During the year 522
men were indicted for fraudulent use
of the malls and 184 convicted,
while 177 are now awaiting trial.
The distribution of such circulars.
prospectuses, and pamphlets, as are
responsible for the cruel losses from
which so many of our citizens are
now suffering would bo practically
mpos8lble without the use of the
malls. For all frauds of this order
the Inspectors of the postofflce are
on the lookout. It is a duty to take
action In all such cases, for the in-
ury spreads far beyond the reclp-
ent of the fraudulent literature.
Serious, and possibly fatal, obstacles
are set in the path of honest and de
sirable plans for development of tho
agricultural and industrial Interests
of Oregon. Ah bo often happens the
wrong boy catches the beating.
If every one who receives one of
hose carefully baited traps for the
unwary would send to the postofflce
nspcrtor the package that has come
o him through the mails It might
lock some Infamous scheme In its
early stage.
The most nromlnent case nrosa-
cuted last year wpsthat of the Burr
Brothers who had Bold stock in 32
mining, oil, and transportation com
panies, capitalized at $42,250,000.
The two Burr Brothers and two of
their associates pleaded guilty to
fraud a few weeks ago and were
sent to the penitentiary for one year.
One year for which they had re
ceived in advance payment at the
rate of something like $100,000 a
day.
THE CITIZEN OX TRIAIi
A
LEGISLATURE Is what- the
citizen helps to make it. The
citizen has the chance to
choose. If he doesn't discrim
inate in hla choice, the product is
liable to be a bad legislature and a
hyena howl after tho body has ad
journed. -, , . j '
The citizen has now the oppor
tunity to bring out'good men. ' Spe-
cial interests with- private . ends , to
serve are careful to get their candi
dates early afield. It Is a bet that
they never overlook. The legisla
tive slate fixed up for the assembly
in the secret meetings held in cor
poration offices in Portland is still
a green memory.
If the citizen tries, he can bring
out men who will be devotod entire
ly to tho public interest instead of
entirely to private interests. A leg
islature so selected would not go to
Snlem and be compelled by a part
of Its members to listen to long
tirades against Bourne and dissipate
the session In peanut politics, as
happened at Salem last year,
The men to be elected should be
of man's stature. They used to bo
selected and elected on a basis of
what senatorial candidate they
would vote for. They went to Salem,
not to promote the welfare of the
state, but to promote the political
fortunes of themselves, their frlendB
and the candidate who had strings
on them for senator. They went for
a private purpose ln3tead of for a
public purpose, and the result was
that "men did things they were ever
after ashamed of," as Sonator Ful
ton once remarked.
It Is Impossible to make a legis
lator out of a politician. Such a
man never has, but one horizon, and
that is to play politics. If the citi
zens send such a man to Salem, and
bedlam and blatherskite result it is
largely the citizen's own fault. He
can choose a different kind of leg
islator and get a better kind of leg
islature If he goes out now and tries
to get good men fn the field.
Many a candidate is already buz
zing. Each Is "being urged by his
friends." A lot of them are unfits,
but the unfits will land In the state
house unless citizens do their duty.
It is the citizens who are on trial.
THE GRAY AVOLVES
r
NDICTED for contributing to the
delinquency of a girl of 14, a
man of 60 pleaded guilty this
week In Judge Gatens' court and
was given three to twenty years in
the penitentiary. The Juvenile
court officers in this city have in
hand a case in which a father is ac
cused of contributing to the delin
quency of his own child of ten.
These revolting Instances are but
a mere scrap from the record. The
evidence In each is too shocking to
put in print. It seems past human
belief that such things could hap
pen under a state of so-called civ
ilization. In the light of such occurrences,
we stand face to face with the fact
that many men are still half brute
and half human. They wear the
civilized garb, but are part man,
part animal. What of the Barbara
Holzman tragedy, and the other one!
at Ardenwald?
Why not resort to sterilization?
Sensuality and murder are close kin.
A little girl of tender years is fig
uratively murdered when a half
man, half animal, contributes to her
delinquency.
Why not reform such brutes by
sterilization, and let them go about
the business of supporting their fam
ilies? What good is It to send them to
prison for a few years, leaving their
families unsupported meanwhile,
and then turn the gjay wolves out
to destroy more children?
WILL MADERO WIN OUT T
0'
N the one hand we hear every
day of revolts and outbreaks
and 'disaffection of the
friends of the revolution turn
ing from Madero, of efforts to get
rid of cabinet officers, of Incipient
disloyalty of General Orozco, his best
general of Mexican newspapers
doubting If Madero can win out.
More serious still we hear of se
cret orders from the United States
government to prepare for prompt
mobilization of troops for the Mex
ican border, and even for the In
vasion of Mexico.
But there is another side to take
Into account. The American consul
at Durango writes to the state de
partment officially on January 19
thus:
"The events of the last few weeks
have completely restored confidence,
which Is Indicated by a marked re
vival of activity in all lines of In
dustrial and commercial endeavor.
Money which the banka were forced
to call In and retain in their vaults
during the recent troubles is now bo
ng loaned again on advantageous
terms. Merchants are busily en
gaged In renewing and Increasing
their stocks of goods. Everything
points to a year of unprecedented
prosperity and expansion."
The Daily Herald of Mexico City
prints accounts of large sums voted
for day schools and for night schools
n diverse points and for Industrial
extension in various ways.
The Foft-lntelllgeneor of Seattle
printed on the first of this month a
letter from Mr. M.'K. Rodgers, who
has Just returned from an extended
rip in Mexico, the last of 18 trips
through the country. He says that
in Mexico City and throughout the
republic, he has never seen a better
or more optimistic feeling. He saw
n the city 600 Yaqul Indians on
their way back to their tribal lands,
having been rescued from the hene
quin fields of Yucatan. He says
that Madero Insists on the orderly
administration of the law, and adds
that this policy Is not satisfactory to
the leaders of the army, who have
been accustomed to rush the accused
forth, seeing them promptly shot or
sent to prison without the formality
of a trial. ., ' ... J v,v V
The whole trouble with good
roads legislation in Oregon has been
that a plan proposed by one la ob
jected to' by another The; pull
down process has always managed
to defeat all legislation. Why do
not Attorney General Crawford, the
Oregonian and the Multnomah coun
ty court propose a plan that wlU be
objectlonless?
There is a marked disposition by
the newspapers of the country ,to
scout at the groundhog as an au
thority on the weather. They are
treating him with as much incivility
and lack of confidence as though he
were an attache of the weather
bureau.
If you take no Interest in bringing
out good candidates, you must not
expect a very good legislature. You
are partly to blame if the legislature
Is bad.
The collapse of one wildcat or
chard scheme does not mean that all
are fraudulent. The problem is to
make them all bona fide.
Letters From tKe People
(Communicatlone aent to The Journal tor pub
lication In tbla department should not exceed
8(H) worda In length and muat be accompanied
by the name and addreu of tba tender.)
The Tipping Question.
Portland, Feb. 6. To the Editor of
The Journal In reply to W. H. Lilleys
article under date of January 17, on the
"Tipping Question," I will say that Mr,
Lllley evidently does not know much
about civilized life or ha would not seek
to become famous by being Instru
mental In organizing a club to make
war against and abolish tipping.
There are two classes of people who
kick about tipping. One Is the man
who goes out for a good time, and find
lng that he spent too much when he
sees the check, naturally he wants to
get back on some one, so he takes ad
vantage of the waiter, by proclaiming
himself a great advocate of antl-tip-plng.
To the other class belonas the
man who frequents higher priced places
man ne can afford and takes it out on
the waiter by shielding himself with the
"American Independence" cloak. And
lastly comes the traveling salesman.
wno is going to be such a staunch sup
port to the club organized against tip
ping. There Is lust this to sar of him,
In the majority of cases, the less ho
does of tipping the more he will have to
spend in his mldnigTit revelry.
In a restaurant where prices are
cneap tne waiter gets flO and $12
week and they do not expect tips, but
often the tips' amount to more than in
the large hotels. The tips are small, to
De sure, out people who patronize the
cheaper places do not expect service,
hence a waiter can serve 80 or 40 Quring
one meal and for that reason the res,
taurant man can afford to pay better
wages, while the man who goes to a
first class hotel expects both food and
Bervlce, and in furnishing these the
waiter can only wait on two or three
parties during a meal. Therefore the
hotel cannot afford to pay a first class
waiter the wages which he Justly de
serves, and earns, because he (the hotel
man) is being paid only for the food
and not for the extra good service
which the waiter has given you.
Just Imagine yourself a waiter who
can speak five or six different lan
guages, who has traveled the world
over to fit himself for his vocation
being called a fool by some little lgnor
ant upstart who has never been out
side his native state and being born
with a silver spoon in his mouth. All
he knows is to spend his father's
money and smoke cigarettes. Tou could
teach the little Idiot manners but you
must submit to his abuse in order to
hold your Job. Don't you think
waiter like that deserves to earn more
than $26 or $30 a month?
When you dine at a first elass hotel
or restaurant you are expected to pay
tne waiter for tne service he gives you.
You are not forced to do this, but If
you don't pay him, no matter what your
opinion is about tipping, you rob him
and his family of the support which he
has Justly earned. The real American
spirit is "live and let live."
A SUPPORTER OF TIPPING.
An Ex-Union Man's Advice.
Portland, Feb. 7. To the Editor of
The Journal I would like to say a few
words in defense of the men working
in the Alblna shops. Although not em
ployed there, I have been over there
Beveral evenings to look over the condi
tions. I notice several hundred men
coming from the shops and about 76
or 100 other men Jeering them and
calling them "Scabs." I think this Is all
wrong, for as I understand It these men
are all residents of this city; in fact,
many of them are property owners.
They very likely saw their mistake and
went back to work before it was too
late, as any other man with good com
mon sense would have done, Instead o(
listening to a few hot headed political
aspirants who do not suffer one bit no
matter how many strikes are on.
To all decent union men, I say go
back to your work, if you can get it.
Don't suffer or let your family suf
fer because you think it is a matter of
principle or maybe pride. I was a
union bollermakeV two years ago. I
was callod out and like you men obeyed
the call, and at what cost? I had a
home, a wife and a 2-year-old baby
girl. Today these are all wiped out.
Not having work, and It being winter,
we tried to economize with our fuel
and food. The result was baby took
sick and died. Neither Ood nor man
knows how 1 suffered. But that was
not all. Orief killed the mother. Now
I claim that was the result of my own
blindness. Most all the men In that
shop went back under the old conditions.
I could not get back, for I was too
strong a union man. If you men look
this thing square In the face, you can
very easily see you. are not fighting
a battle for yourself or your family, but
for some man at the head of the union.
They have made their own personal
grievance yours, and they- leave you to
fight and your family to suffer. I tell
you, men, It Is time for you to wake
up. Don't be like me, wait until you
are waked up with a shock that you
will never forget. You are fighting n
losing battle and the sooner you real
ize that fact the butter you will be off.
I say to you again, think this over very
carefully,, take It up with your wife,
talk to her aa though she had an inter
cut, too, and I think you will arrive at
the right conclusion. C H. F.
What Would Mr. Selling Do?
Portland, Or., Feb. 7. To the Editor
of The Journal In yesterday's Journal
I read the letter signed "M." No doubt,
M, Is Mr. Selling's press agent, there
fore M. Is excusable for writing said
letter.
If Mr. Selling Is elected, what kind
of laws and measures would he propose
for the workingman7 Would he propose
such measures as the government min
ing and delivery of Alaskan coal at
coat 7 The government taking over the
trusts ana. operating them for the com
mon good ot all the people and without
profit T i Would he support Berger'a old
age pension Din 7 would he propose a
measure that would give .worklngmen
and women the ."full social produot
0f their labotr. . Would he 'propose
COMMENT AND NEWS IN BRIEF Soii'S'Sitl
' SMALL CHANGE. . I OREGON SIDELIGHTS Vr ' ' . PtatS " T '
The Broadway bridge Is 'way past the
Injunction stage.
a
To rah or not to tunj that 1 the
question with many.
e e
There will always be objectors to
very good roads plan.
All the leaders in all the parties claim
to be just like Lincoln.
' a
Wonder where) those Mexican chronio
revolutionists set their money.
a e
The Chinese tongs seem to need the
proverbial hammers In connection,
e a
It takes a great deal to scare a Brit-
J?JhBr v.?,f, th caliber of Winston
Churchill.
e a
Well, no man will get a third term
unless the DeoDla elect him. AnA thov
don't have to,
e e
No, Euphrosyne, the latter part of the
name La Follette Is not pronounced like
that of decollete.
a a.
Women suffragists of Oregon are too
wise to make mules of themselves as
English suffragettes do.
-
However long he deliberates, the pres
ident apparently cannot see anybody for
federal judge except corporation attor
neys.
Dowasrer empress of China makes
some large and absurd "demands." 8he
may be thankful If she saves her royal
head.
a . a
Some neonle think thev are srreatlv
abused and oppressed when In fact they
are "mighty" lucky. Mrs. Hazzard, for
Instance.
a
Of course, all those whom high pro
tection benefits at the expense of others
are protesting against proposed Demo
cratic reductions.
a
Mrs. Mabel Warner now has a sev
enth will ready. She Is never out of
wills. Maybe the number seven will
be lucky for her. Anyway, one can't
help admiring her grit and tenacity.
a a
The cost of living is "something
fierce." if in the city you dwell: but If
out in the country you have a small
house, with less to nuy and something
to sell, with garden and poultry, a cow,
and a well, it makes little trouble up
in your dome. W hen tha montn passes
by there's no landlord to pay, and the
srrocer'a bill Is small, at the hens' merry
cackle you smile day by day, you've
garden truck, berries, real cream and
say, you're nobody's slave at all.
SEVEN GREAT
Le
In writing a series of the greatest
astronomers naturally It Is necessary
to miss many of them, but such a
series would not be complete without
the name of the great French astrono
mers Le Verrler, the discoverer of the
planet Neptune. When he accidentally
ran across this new world hitherto un
recognized It waa necessary for him to
find a name for It As the older mem
bers of the system were already known
by the same name as great heathen di
vinities, it was obvious that some sim
ilar source should be Invoked for a
suggestion as to a name for the most
recent planet. The fact that this body
was so remote in the depths of space,
not unnaturally suggested the name of
Neritune." Such Is accordingly the ac
cepted designation of that mighty globe
which revolves in tne tracs inai ai
present seems to trace out the frontiers
of our system.
Le Verrier attained so mucn Tame ny
his discovery that when, In 185. Ara
co s Dlace had to be filled at the head
of the great Paris observatory. It was
universally felt that the discoverer ot
Nentune was the suitable man to as
sume the office which corresponds In
Franra to tha Astronomer Koyai in
En gland.
The name of Le Verrier goes down
on account of very different discov
eries from those which had given re
nown to several of the other astrono
mers mentioned In this series. We are
apt to think entirely of an astronomer
as a man wno iookb tnrougn a leie-
scone at the stars. But the word really
hn a much wider significance. No
man who ever lived Is more entitled to
be designated as an astronomer than
Le Verrier, and so far as his scientific
achievements are concerned, he might
have been able to have given them to
the world without ever having looked
through a telescope.
For the full interpretation or tne
movements of the heavenly bodies,
mathematical knowledge of the most
advanced character Is demanded. It is
n this line that the French astronomer
excelled. Born In France In 1811, Ur
ban Jean Joseph Le Verrier was edu
cated at the Ecole Polytechnic, became
head instructor In mathematics at that
institution, and when 28 years of aga
his first great astronomical investiga
tion was brought forth. This investi
gation and the result is too long and
too technical to set down In a short
article, but summing it up be gave the
world the particulars' of what the
earth's Journey through space has been
at Intervals of 20,000 years back from
the present date. His further calcula
tion gives the state of the earth's track
00.000 years sgo, while, with a Douna
forward, he shows us what the earth's
measures to abolish all profits, rents
and Interest? If he will propose such
measures and they pass, then we work
Ingmen and women will never need his
money lending bank. M. u. ju.
Copying West's Prison Policy.
Chattanooga Times.
Governor Hooper Is entitled to hearty
congratulations for his action In par
doning Maples, and more for the manner
In which be did it. He instructed the
warden to send Maples to the executive
office, just as the governor of one of
tha western states did recently in treat
ing with a convict, putting him on his
honor to visit the executive office and
return to prison without official escort.
Maples, It seems, was not acquainted
with the city ways and requested an
officer to go with him more as an escort
than as a guard.
In the latter day idea of prison re
forms, tha "honor system" Is coming in
popular and. successful vogue. There Is
no reason why convicts should not be
classified Just as In most prison estab
lishments many of them make depend
able "trusties." If Involuntary confine
ment Is intended to make criminals of
all convicts, irrespective of their of
fenses or the circumstances surround
ing them, their temperament, habits or
previous environments, then this new
idea Is wrong; but If it is Intended, be
sides punishing to reform htm, make a
good citizen of htm by giving him a
chance, then the new vogue is right.
Let us hope that Governor Hooper
will oontinue his experiments, First
find the men worthy of trust, then trust
them. It Is distinctly refreshing to
note that Governor Hooper Is learning
that executive clemency isn't the fright
ful thing so many sticklers for "pen
alty" declare It to be, but that, oh the
contrary, there are many . men in con
finement, victims of weaknesses rather
than of criminal Intent, It ought to be
easy for a discriminating executive to
find those who deserve clemency, and
then extend It, f
,The McMlnnvlIle Dramatlo company
will olay "The Virginian." rsuruarjr
and 17, at McMlnnviue.
a a
The Paisley press complains that it
taxes . rour days xo get rurumm
when three days snouio auitice.
a e .
- AKnut three mora miles of street rav
ing, in Roseburg this year is the present
forecast. Roseburg has already paved
seven mues. . , ,
Eugene Guard: Eugene Is gaining new
Industries slowly but surely. The com
ing of railroad facilities will naturally
bring tne JoDDlng nouses ana iue iu-
torles. . - . i.
e e
It Is proposed to reorganize the Cot
tage Grove volunteer fire department in
three divisions, east, central and west.
There la now a hose cart within the
limits of each division.
' a ,
Mrs. George B. Abdill of Dayton, ac
cording to the Tribune, has an orange
tree that has borne four crops. It Is
only 30 Inches high, but has produced
as many as 45 oranges at one crop,
e a
Oregon City Courier: If the city coun
ell will give to the library association
the city lot at the head of the Seventh
street stairway. Oregon oity will speed
ily commence the erection of a 112,500
Carnegie library. t
Dalles Itemizer: The puttin in of a
cement factory here will bring other
things In Its trail, and they will come
faster and mora of them, for having
broken the ice for the big concern first.
Nothing tucceeda like success. ,
Bend Bulletin: The lowest tempera
ture of January was 9 below zero on
the 8th. The lowest temperature ever
recorded at Bend was 19 below, and the
lowest in Crook county, according to
government statistics, was 29 below at
Prlnevllle.
a a
Redmond Spokesman: Cashier Bush
of the State bank of Redmond has re
ceived a letter from a prominent Ger
man In Nebraska Inquiring if the irri
gated section in and around Redmond
would not be a good place in which to
looate a German colony.
a a
Myrtle Point Enterprise: Two
changes of quarters, etc., recentlv took
place among the newspaper fraternity
of the Willamette vallev. The Lebanon
Criterion moved its plant into new
quarters and changed the name of the
faper to Linn County Advocate. Editor
W. Charles of the Bcio News went
the limit though by changing the name
of a pretty Miss, and moving out of
bachelor quarters.
ASTRONOMERS
Terrier.
orbit is to be In the future, at succes
sive Intervals . of 20,000 years, till a
duta is reached which is 100,000 years
in advance of A. D. 1800. Aside from
this line of astronomical work, Le Ver
rier devoted a great amount of work
upon the study of the effect produced
on the movements of the planets by
their mutual attractions. The impor
tance of his work to astronomy con
sists, to a considerable extent. In the
fact that by such calculations we are
enabled to prepare tables by which the
places of the different heavenly bodies
can be predicted for our almanacs.
For the splendid work accomplished
by Le Verrier he received every honor
that could be bestowed upon a man of
science. The latter part of his life was
passed during the most troubled period
of modern French history. He was a
supporter of the Imperial dynasty, and
during the Commune experienced much
anxiety; Indeed, at one time grave fears
were entertained for his personal safe
ty. Early in 1877 his health, which had
been gradually falling for some years,
began to give way. He died on Sunday,
the 23d of September, and his remains
were borne to the cemetery Of Mont
Parnasse in a publlo funeral. Among
his pallbearers were leading men of
science, from other countries as well as
France, and the memorial discourses
pronounced at the grave expressed their
aamirauon or nis talents and of the
greatness of the services he had ren
dered to science.
Next week Seven Homely Notables.
Tanglefoot
By Miles
Overholt
THE NEIGHBORS.
Bald William Smith to a friend of his:
My neighbor's wife is the best there is,
For every evening when I come in.
She never fails to stop and grin.
And say: "How-do," in a pleasing way;
She s the same sweet woman every day -
mjiiy iicJHHUvr 9 wile.
"But when I enter my own front door,
My own wife yells: TJon't track the
floor
With your muddy shoes; for Tve Just
swept
The house, of course, is quite well kept:
No glad smile lights her wifely face;
She couldn't greet me With tender srrane
To save her life."
Said Thomas Jones of his neighbor's
wife
The wle of Smith: "To save my life,
I can't see how my neighbor's frau
Can always smile, but she does, some
how: At home, down town, at any place,
The same sweet smile lights up her
And that's no myth.
"When I go home, It's different, quite;
I m tired when I come home at night.
But no one greets me with a erln-
My wife Just says: "Well, are you in?"
She doesn't meet me Joyously;
juynume ibckb mucn in narmony
Wish I was Smith!"
No Time to "Waste
(Contribnted to The Jonrnal ht Walt m..-
tha turnout Kaneaa poet. Hla proee-porms are a
t-fKulnr feature of this column in Th n.n.
Journal.)
Life is shortI've much to do so X
can't sit round with you putting tip a
line of waitings, talking of some fel
low's fallings, thrashing o'er the situa
tion that Is threatening our nation! Life
Is short and I am busy writing verses
dull and dizzy, that the frau may have
a bonnet with a large stuffed rooster on
it, and I haven't time for fussing o'er
the government or oussln misfit laws
which knock the people higher than the
village steeplel Life is short, its thread
is slender, and I'm busting a suspender,
fairly tearing up the trackage to-aceum-ulate
a package, so that when I'm old
and hoary I can live in pomp and glory,
80 that when at last I'm planted my fat
ghost will not be haunted by a hungry
widow's sighing so I haven't time for
crying o'er the nation's chronio troubles, Lone evening when a numbor of guests :
O'er the "peepul's" busted bubbles. Lifefwer8 being entertained by her parents.
is short and men are fooling time away
in empty drooling over things that don't
concern them, dodging fires that ne'er
Will Dtim inPDI.
Coprrteht. ion, by iPL.'.u4h r
ueorge uauuew aaases, , ww,l' faannw
Extracts from Bulletin of ths Oregon
' Agricultural college by C. L Lewis.
"Oregon Is a very large state contain
ing many varied conditions. The ele
vation extends from sea level to the lim
it of plant growth and the rainfall
ranges from 130 down to a Inches. One
can find In this state climatic conditions
that will suit every taste. There are
regions where frosts art hardly ever
known: nthora nr nh..l , A mM
xnoio arv ureal ranges in sum
mer - temperature. Some of the valleys
are able to produce almost tropical
growth,"
Overproduction of fruit la a dread
which seems to hang over the head of
many people Interested In fruit grow
ing;. Overproduction has raely occurred
in America fruit growing;' at times we
have had poor distribution!, and in 189
n,1 . , a .... nil. . ,
owing to a heavy crop "and poor dls
trlbutlon. one might say an over pro
dUctlon was realized, but we have had
nothing of the kind since then, and both
apple and pear production has been
downward, the shrinkage being from 7$
million barrels tn 1896 to 25 million bar
rels In 1910. With the proper organiza
tion, with good distribution, with fruit
growers controlling their fruit and
handling It when placed on the market
for consumption, with storage In transit
rates, there Is a field for fruit produc
tion for all classes.
In choosing an orchard, there are
many points to be considered which will
vary more or less In degreo of import
ance according to the locality. These
points are, air and soil drainage, ex
posure, elevation, depth of soil, general
character of the soil. In the various
northwest fruit growing sections one
must have the natural conditions which
are conducive for fruit growing before
one is concerned about the soil.
At times the profits in orcharding
throughout the northwest are somewhat
hard to believe. There are many au
thentic records of profits exceeding
$101)0 per acre. The average profits,
however, are not nearly as great, and
many people will be disappointed In their
orchard Investment because they are ex
pecting unusual and unreasonable re
turns. In establishing profits, one
should compile figures extending over a
series of years; they should be based
on average good orchard conditions and
we should take for granted that the
person interested has average ability.
Under average conditions one can expect
at present an Income of about $200 net
per acre. The Income will depend, of
course, upon the personal element, and
the acreage, methods of management,
etc
Many people are choosing too small
an acreage. While the 10 acre tract is
an Inviting Investment to the man who
cannot live on his land for a number
of years, nevertheless, the Income from
such tracts will in the majority of cases
be disappointing. Under average con
ditions the 10 acre tract is not large
enough to insure the desired Income
and support the family In many cases,
at least not to the degree that many of
the Investors would desire. The 10 acre
tract as a rule, should be purchased
with the aim In view of producing an
Income, rather than absolute support,
as Is often expected.
Often very fair returns are realized
where one diversifies on 10 acre tracts.
In such cases a few hogs can be kept;
a few chickens, two or three acres in
fruit, and some acreage In strawber
ries. The average 10 acre tract, how
ever, Is too expensive to manage and
it is not a sufficient acreage to Insure
a good Income for a family during the
series of years. Some tracts, especially
those of wide adaptability, of splendid
soils, and with irrigation waters, may
be able to come up to expectations. How
ever, these are not average conditions.'
Unfortunately many tracts are not In
proper and good locations, and there is
a tendency at times not to give them
the best commercial care. Prospective
buyers are often quoted bonanza figures
which are based on some unusual yields
and not average conditions. There are
many companies that are doing all In
their power to grow first class orchards.
The best advice to give a purchaser is
to come and see the lands before buying.
Buying the trees Is a question which
needs very careful attention. , Orders
should be placed early for nursery stock,
owing to the fact that for the last few
years the supply has not been equal to
the demand. One should In all cases in
sist on procuring what Is known as one
year old trees.
Throughout the Pacific northwst a
common practice for orchardlsts has
been what Is known as the clean culture
system. By this practice we mean gen
erally a thorough preparation of the
ground In spring, .followed by frequent
cultivations during the summer time.
Orchardlsts In general feel that expe
rience has taught them that there is no
way superior to thorough tillage of the
ground to maintain trees In good thrift
and heavy bearing.
With most of our clay soils annual
spring plowing will be necessary; with
the heavier soils harrowing should fol
low close on the plowing, aa the heavier
soils tend to become packed and cloddy.
. Now while cultivation sets
plant food free and retains the mois
ture and gives good results as far as
tree growth and production are 'con
cerned, nevertheless, it may be, and Is
being, overdone In most of our fruit
districts. Excessive cultivation may
ruin an orchard and has proved the Wat
erloo of many of those of the Paolflo
northwest. Each grower must
study his Individual .orchard carefully
and feed the trees according to their
Individual needs. One will often find
that the variety and age of the trees
will determine the treatment the or
chard should receive. Our growers need
to study the Individual varieties more
and even the individual trees. It is
well to have definite plans made of the
orchard, either working aocordlng to
age or variety, keeping the trees accur
ately outlined or designated In such a
way that one can note the degree to
which such trees are fruitful and mak
ing a satisfactory growth. In many
cases the Individual trees should be giv
en more attention than they are now
receiving. A system of plotting the or
chard and keeping records need not be
laborious, and if properly done should
tend to materially Inorease the Income
from the orchard. Our orchardlsts must
learn to study their Individual trees In
the same way that the dairyman studies
the individuals of the herd. Especially
Is this true as related to such subjects
as feeding the trees, pruning, thinning,
etc., and the treatment for various
pests.
Out of the Mouths of Babes.
Teacher Johnny, would you like to
be president of the United States some -dayt
Johnny No, ma am; I'd rather have a
steady Job.
mm
Small Margie's father had Just pur
chased a piano and a visitor asked its
name.
'We just got It last night," replied ,
Margie, "and haven't named it yet"
Lola, aged 4, was present at dinner .'
and during e, lull , in the conversation.
she began to talk very earnestly.
v 'Why do you talk, so much, Lola ..
asked her., father. . ' , ' . ;
" 'Cause, I've got somethla' to say." :
was the Innocent reply. -. .'
-V.