1 " 1 1 - ; ; ; . : ; . : : , : ,w ' .
Gigsintic Development of The. Apple Industry
in The Pacific Northwest
X Written for The Journal by C. A.
Mtlboeuf, Secretary 'of the North-
western Fruit Exchange.
S
EVEN and m-half pr cant intar-
teould be paid on th principal
of tha national debt of tha United
States .with tha present . values of
the apple and pear orchards In the
northwest
kt..,i aHimM
eoat of the Panama canal ; oould be
met from the same eouroa. - :
, A new transcontinental railway, from
ocean to ooean, oould be built with the
money
The 'physical worth of these proper-
ties Is about ei-ht tlmea the farm value
of the entire United States apple crop
of 1911..,- -.-v
In round flSmrM.. Ii00.000.000 would
rhann handa If tha nroharda ware sold
Few people realise the stupendous
, character of the apple growing Industry
in uregon, wasnington ana laano, row.
er still stop to think what It means as
a source of revenue In labor, supplies
and all around commercial benefit to
each community participating Ifi It. Yet
In the short space of seven years mors :
than twenty, million trees have been
planted at a cost exceeding five million
dollars. Not less than four million are
spent each year for cultivation alone.,
I'hk Mat ttt nrnnlnr inrtvlni Irrlm.
r. ' v. .
JHQIIUVUBI ' IU HUB ' IISUIO. AllMJIVtlt
. w- M.AI-.aM .tAV VwiMai
VV the total to an Inconceivable sum.
Kaarlv flftann. thoiiMjtnd nannlA.nwn tha
different orchards. Twenty thousand
horses are used eaoh year in the work
Vi VUlUVBUVJIi
. The sixteen Vtnd one half million
growing trees, If laid end to end, would
stretch across tha continent, six times.
-Tn a straight lino they would lack only
five thousand miles of encircling the
earth. ? All these . facts are significant ;'
Apple culture, in Us constructive stages, -
is today one of the northwest's most
important industries. As as ultimate
producer of annual wealth, It bids fair
to head the list of our great developed
resoure'es.
430 Square Miles of OrchartJa. ; :
Two hundred and seventy-five ' thou
sand acres form the collateral for these
four hundred and thirty square miles.
The orchards are scattered . in
BVQry
riooa ana corner 01 ino norinwesi. wis-
tances between remote localities in ths
m . . .
name state are vast The grower in the
nogue river valley ha. to travel a thou-
neighbor on the banks of the Snake
r,Tr- 7.,k? ? tlrti ';
nrvharA rtlatrlofa In tha thraa alataa In.
volves a railway Journey of five thou
sand five hundred miles.- .-Almost every
' " .
variety of climate, soil, altitude and oth-
er conditions are emDracea in the grand ;
areas.. East and west of the Cascades,
the. sharpest lines of contrast exist
a . Some of ths orchards stand at sea level, -
annta at 4000 feet elevation. The atttdent
'An agronomy has an amazing field for
J exploration. In one district alone, one
f hundred and four distinct specie, of soil
JT have been found. The penologist has
f . an equauy oroaa taix on ms nanas. wo ,
two districts In the northwest produce
- the same variety of apple alike in all
, respects. : In many instanoes, the differ-
. ejnc.e , in . aiyie, . snape,
style, k shape color and other
la remarkable. ' I ' ; ; i
features
Th. -.at ..:. i..Hn,
They are as accurate as .can - be -eom--'
piled under the present conditions, and
,liayV.tn!'; urther lvahtaga of being
puDiisnea nerein mr me iirsv wme in
complete form:
OREGON.
Acres Total
in
n,, . ,
aVtm
County. . ' '
1 ' . Vr" '
Jackson
Josephine
Iouglas ,............,
Ine .... .. . ......
I,lnn
Marlon snd Clackamas. . .
rnon Polk. Yamhill and
2 0(1(1 lh il.in
YrY . 1 ' u
300
10,000
.300
2G0
269
600
8,000
4. 100
; 2,600
3,000
Washington 600
"Hood River and Wasco., 8,000
6,000
2,000
THE
n,n-- J-0g
Umt,n -J
6,000
4,000
11.000
104,809,
WASHINGTON.
" Aeraa Total
In Planted
' Bearing. Acres.
Coonty.
Clarke 603
Skamania and Klickitat.. 600
1J,00()
SS.000
S?n,wV: ma IWWM-
walla Walla .-..
3,000
1,600
Columbia
Garfield .
t'xnn
Spokane .. . 2,000
lS.'ooo
Asotin
Stevens ...... ..... 600
S!??0 - sSo
chelan 6 000
. ...... ,', ,.
- 1S.200
IDAHO.
8,000'
2,000
4,000
3,000
28,600
108,000
Acres Total
In Planted
tT."' .1 '
Bearing. Acres.
3.000
Bonner ....
2,600
2.000
1,600
6.000
6,600
4,000
0,000
1.000
Shoshone
Latah .60)
Nea Perce .............. 260
iJano, 'J,"'' . !5?
Xl"nft n "' "a SiS
canyon ............ .. zuu
BoU
da 1,000
Elmore .....
Owyhee
?-"?
Lincoln .....................
nOlt
2,000
1,000
000
wii
Twin fshs
f.
HI
i'Ani
ass
f9iaid& ' ....
iTl V -.-I "
1.000
Bannock ............... 260
1,000
1,600
1.000
600
S00
Blnrham
Ere"'-nt
Lemhi '
stOOb
hare.
; ,i t.000
A word of explanation is offered here,
Tha term "In bearing," so commonly ap-;
piled to orchards, la misleading. Many
districts, particularly the Irrigated ones,
Include trees of five years of age and
upwards, as in bearing. Other sections
use the term In connection with trees
six years and older. For the purpose of
uniformity, the statistics above are .cal-
euiatea onuiat oasis, it must os re-
membered, however, that ellraatlo and
other conditions have much to do In the
way of .inducing early bearing In some
localities, i It would be difficult for that
reason to employ a common average. The
figures already tablulated, therefore.
must bs accepted as treating with or.
ohavula Is SB VnMa S laia KsiSi
Utlell US1 aa a uava v we a- o ev. v
, Jf an aVerax of eight to ten years
; .! i . .
.... .! ' " .il T " T.i
'.houK all practicTl
rhi.
'aK7 Tewlt aa tVlow.: "I
Oregon commerclarb
. .,, ..ij. n ,a
wHHninmu i u in viai mraiiiix idou t r.
Idaho commercial bearing.. S.000 acres
-So that of the total planted area of
274.600 acres, the proportion In commers
clal bearing at tne present time is less
than six per cent or in the .Inverse
ratio of the Bryan doctrine, one te six-
; teen. :, "V':'vt-; ;' i'ifr X.
.i; i.Mi'i'' i'-' W . '
1910 Big Crop Year.
... ... a.....
TZZ Zh nT ..7 H .
that Oregon, Washington and Idaho
s"u""u yivw-vw .
thousand oars of apples. This was the
northwest's first big year. Oregon eon-
trlbuted 8250 cars of the total, Wash-
Jngton 760 and Idaho 1000. Thore was,
i-J! . . .n.M...,i. w-i
"wT""rr.. '""Ti; i:rk... -Am that h. awM
market eondtUona,- so thst during the
calendar year the aggregate shipments
ald not exce.,j 8487 cars divided between
Oregon (1789 cars), Washington , (5777.,
cars) and Idaho I1I cars). - '. "ir
The growers received at shipping sta-
tlon. for the ten thousand cars, anprox-'
WWII, .v." ii.u Ltotiii . Mil , miHl UA
lmately seven million dollara The net
....I.. MA lu- . V, M .U... -.mi
Ui VI li. M.. m, UI.M nil .7a lllllliuna.
. .w . . t .....
una, aiiieauiii ui mo ioia.1 acreage,
therefore, or sixteen thousand acres of
comparatively young trees, yielded an
amount equal to one and one half per
cent upon tne, total investment or two
hundred millions. Incidentally, the 18,
000 acres gave -"a net profit of ' two
OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY
hundred dollars per acre, or at the rata
of ten per cent at a valuation of two
thousand dollars per aora!
It must be said, however, that these
returns for 1010. did not. correctly repre. fc
sent the value of the apple that season. .
No on anticipated a gross output of
ten thousand cars.- Few growers had .,
taken the precaution of making an estl-
mate of their crops during the growing -season,
which is a vital necessity where
tha disposition of a perishable product ;
Is concerned. Many of them were un
prepared to pick their fruit within the
- nmuea lime iiiowm lur me loipmeni.
Marketing systems had "not generally;
been looked into. There was an almost
entire lack of that cooperation between
the different districts necessary to avoid
ruinous competition and depreciated
values." The local methods of shipment
that had answered, the purpose in sea
sons of small yields were totally inade-
quate to meet the enlarged needs of the
Industry. The result of these condi
tions is history. Too many apples were
shinned Into a raw alreadv congested
centers, while the trad in the great
miorltv of markets went herein. Tha
experience to the growers was costly,
but it waa educational.
1 AA AAA m! A nnl..
wwv v"
People by the scoro got out their pen -
ells and tried to flgura out what the
future waa colnc to develoo. Ferhana
no one thought of this before.' If six-
teen thousand acres at a certain sge
nroduced ten thousand cars of apples,
ever, this torlag us down to an analysis
that important question. We will as-
' 11 11 ' r '
Bnelish in the Moontaina. '
: CLERGYMAN who has spent a
good bit of his time In the moun
tains of Kentucky says mat no
was indebted to a native of those
regions for the most un gramma
tical sence he ever heard. Here it Is:
"Them three Miss Perkins is ! three
as pretty a gal aa I ever see."
Expansion and Contraction.
A teacher In a New Jersey educational
...... w.vl K ' ..ln rs- malt
inatltution had been trying to make
clear to h.a.pupll. the .Principle , In phy.
lca that heat expands and cold con.
cts. The rule was discussed In Its
MtProhVa1ld,errlnr' f "
nillv tha teacher SSIa: ' (
"William Brown, suppose yon give mo
a good example of the rule."
"Well, ma'am,' answered William,. In
.
summer, wnen it vw u
lonser, snd in winter, when It Is cold,
the days are shoter.'
' .') i.Jt ' . 17M.h
In the -upper, end", of Plkd county,
Pennsylvania, there is a manwno is so
v"" ' . . a. a .v .linn..
no ed' for his conversational abilities
Jhft hU acquaintances avoid giving him
unnecessary opportunities to ulik.
one cold morning this man rode up
tn a hotel In' the neighborhood Juat'as
the guests were finishing breakfast. 1 He
dismounted, walked In saluted the land
m hla usual i loud tones, and de-
hardir talk. '
' Just then a nervous traveler who was
present stepped up to the landlord, and,
taking him oy tne coat, saia: -
"Mr. I. have my . norse orougnx as
soon as possiDp. - ' i . .
"What is tne matter, my oear sirr-
. - - ... rt-r
Inquired the anxious landlord. "Has
anvlhltlff Tnannanad ?' - ' . .
- n . -
tiM.hln nAthlnvt . An1 T tnnl wn
" iivumi . - .
away from here before that man thaws.' j
, ; r ': ''' .v ":
The Missing Days...- -.
The late syivanus MUler, civil engt-:
neer, who was engaged tn railroad enter-
prises In Central America, waa seeking
meae people waniou iu uiow huw many iiibd un, ouu uuxes m ino acre irom wno seeica to solva tha nawlv ; : .- ,
p,r, wmM tha total aoreas-a nroduca at 60 to 80 traea. mnnordlhr hn Ihn nmhi.n. e i.,-fk...t Vi... penment, - II you please. Of S
a corresponding ageT. The answer in are planted will srlve a yearly VutDut been tha unnnt r!mii.M.n. i every apple grown in Oregon,
tnnat mi waa a nroblematleal X-'How Of (0.300 ears. Six hundrad bo. tn mnnrii M ..k .w. .v Jl ton and Idaho to New York City,
HByWav of a few Jmiles E
II ,. . )S, '.k' ' 'ftli--1, (,--)HimiW. J-" .
um th out of the 276,000 acres, not
less than ona half will reach a narlod
of full bearing vigor. If so, a crop of
one hundred thusand ears may reason-
sbly be looked for. Some sources fore-
cast a shipment of on. hundred and
.forty thousand cars In 1920. We do not
pretend to speak with' Intelligence on
this nolnt. Wa do not know.
No one
knows. ; Experts in fruit culture place
26 per centos the limit to be expected
under normal conditions. Varv well. On
the aora will give 70,000 cars. Don't
forget In any event that -the work of
' " ' ' ' " -
local support for a road and-attempted
to give the matter a point He asked a
native:
"How long does It Uke you to carry
Tour goods io market by mulebackT"
Three days,' was the reply.
That's the point' said Miller. "With
our road in operation, you could take
your goods to market and bs back home
In one day.
nr. M M . -
Uva "But Vhat would we do with the
WMiar l
Just Bumps on the Road.
It was a dark night and the car was
speeding at a terlble rate. " .
"What road have you taken, James T".
cried Mrs. uutners, as tne car joiteo
her high in the air.
"The regular; boulevard. Mrs. BUth-
. . .... . .. . . .. .
uu'oumhtoi,
"But I never noticed all these thank'
you-marms on the boulevard before,,
K......jl . , Tti I .V. ...
"CY ' linrhM tha (-hanffmie. "thnaa
are not tnanit-you-marms. Mrs. Biitnersi
ney were juava iow i-pio wnw cuuiu
nni nar - Meet - v ' Via urm tf -a, . .
.?
Whereupon Mrs. Blithers laughed, too.
What a droll mistake it was to. be sural
- A Nautical Christening.
Soma veara aso a slow saillnr-vesseL
when some 600 miles 'our from Liver-
nnn) nini,4 .m a. luatv vouns-atar of
J" 'Jl, Z.Z-.1
The . captain , took a great liking to
him, called him his soiv and decided
that tne little chap must be christened
, one of the few things which he knew
mu,t be. atttended
to Ia" the case - of
Children, -
of . course ' there
Was no Chaplain
w" - " " v. . . .
aboard, so the capuin himself under-
liub MAvamAnw , TT. .......
. ww..w, ' a.iiv.v. ...a
- w . l , . i . . , .
uieu uiuui uwi, - auu wmi u. inixea
knowledge of his duties, he glared about
him and asked whether any one knew
just cause why the boy should not be
ennstenea. ... v
"If -there is, be roared, "speak up
like a masT or forever hold your tongue."
MORNING, NOVEMBER :
planting new orchards Is yolng on mer-
lily every year. Thousands of acres
or new ground are being broken for or
cnaro Purposes, ana nursery stocx
tU1 Premlun.
The Cry of Overproduction.
. F
The . subject of future noaalbllltlea
brings to the surface a new species of
shellfishthe uninvested onlooker who
sounds a warping note of over produo-
tioni tn hi. w.
Mara, It has been fimraA
Instance, that New Torw city eould eat
i i i
Then he suddanlv arankad a'hntti.
wine above his head and christened
him. ""
The ocean waif Is now setUed down
a steady longshoreman, but hs stiU
relates with - setlafaetinn th
bis christening. ;
The Unsuccessful Angler.
"William ru.. UM.I1. I. .
"vimiH la I IB KinQ-
01 "f100:. Dut now na then," said
a - maraitn editor, "some nonular bat.
ellst's conceit' will oause him to bristle
up a litttle.
-Just before his departure for Spain
I dined with Mr. Howells In his Half
Moon-street apartment in tendon. A
popular noveltst'called after dinner. He
told us all about his phenomenal sales,
Then fishing for compliments, vou
" . . . .
know he sighed and said: ; .
1 1 grow richer and richer, but all
the same I think mv work la f.itino- ee
..... ...... w...
My- new
work la net . ii.Z -
1A : v. . . i '
" 'Oh. nonsense,' said Mr. Howells.
-you write just as, well as you ever
sij. '; w : . . "...
u,,, our,iasio is improving, that is
alL' "
v Could Prove a Lullaby.
A party of Manjla army woman were
Hinni.. ... m. .' .
urbB excursion when the driver unl
" e 1 " , wn ln" unvsr un
rortanately collided with another ve-
blcle. While a policeman was taking
- the 1 names of thoss concerned
an "English speaking" Tillpino law stu-
dent politely asked one of the ladles
how the accident happened.
. ."rm sure I don't know,' she replied,
I was asleep When TX Occurred? - J
rruua ot nip anowieage oi me Anglo-
Ga.Afl .lAntfii. Ih ..m. f K ..M.
-."..mv., ... v. j .m .
., . v. rr. . . ..... ....
. a nun, umuiuua, yuu win oe aula
to prove a lullabyt" ,
., ' . w 11 1 ;
-" Thomas Klnsey, purser of the trans-
atlantlo liner, "8t Paul." has crossed
the ocean. 1000 times, traveling about,
3,OO6000 miles.
19. ISlf.
the northwest crop of 1910 In ISO days.
-All rio-ht Nn Torir nuM at thi v..p'
crop in 40 days. Germany, by stinting
neraeir, couia make the supply last two
days and IS hours. By putting on sec
ond speed, she could eat the bulk in
two meals, and not have enough left to
make a pie for each family. But they
vm not" New or c"r will not, be.
U8e New.Tork, state alone raises 15.-
ml,.C,? J Mtur'i e'TO.u"-
This is five times as much as ths
Try the ex-
hlpplng
Washing-
and
watch the result.
Of course. If the ap-
!" .'-u ...5 m. ! .Z
zerenoa xno ravonte theory is to point
i" ma nesaiiy increasing proauction ox
apples grown In the whole union, as
paving the way for the northwest trade.
The falling down liT production Is true.
The crop this season the country over
was the largest in years, but only half
th nmn rf 1 9 Q R Th. imut linw.
i. tir A. . i. ..n..
for the fellow on the other end to fall
ntt thm t mm tA um hw.H
breakers. Common sense replies sharply
to all this talk of over production: "For-
nt . ,nnr thnrta - aM ti,.in.
principles." .
The National Apple Situation.
In rhl hnV.VHf Ilk. inn,.
into the eastern situation. The orchards
of the entire union contain two hundred
million trees. ; Fifty million of these
were planted during the past three
years. New. York state claims fifteen
million trees of the total, about as much
as the northwest states combined. ' Mls-
'sourl has one third more. One hundred
and fifty thousand carswere produced
this yekri . What of Itl i The apples
'
simply went into' ths markets early.
There Was a vast quantity of them, but
Vthev were sold at reasonable low prices
te the consumer, and aaUsfaeteiy'pHcea -
. .
m ii,. Tk. nl,im. nAni..
Prices Induced a demand and sharpened
i...
peoples- appome . ior more.
a..atk.ai amhU - J I A . ant .
northwest apple did not suffer where
sold through skillful business sources.
It brought big prices, 2.25to the grow,
a f. Mn),r.. in. .i.n... n
for M.wTnwna and 1S.00 for Wln.aaka
The trade wanted quality, it Is true, and
ths northwest spple Is founded on qual
ity. - -
Advertise tne Apple,
whether the eastern orchards will
survive or not. what Is going to be done
with our apples? Sell them, of course.
But to find markets for them, we must
create markets. Markets mean demand,
and nothlna- elaa No ona nead hallava
our apples will go into consumption
automatically at prices that win show
a profit to the grower, year after year,
They must be exploited, Introduced and
demonstrated. They, must follow the
same course an any
manufactured nro-
duct. .The northwest apple Is scarcely
known today In the American mailirti.
It is tiot an article of regular household
nflTinwMr n.iBn in inn -
5PITZKNM32G OTZCUARD J
IN cTOUTTlIElT 332001
.vnarocYvfei9T?.fi,
useln any markets.' More than "5 per
' cent of the Quantity consumed In the
union are eateh out of hand! They are
luxuries, not staples! We must make it
a staple. Before 1010 perhaps sixty mar.
. kets had tasted of our apples. In lilO
twice that number wero eating them.
We have ninety millions of people ' at
home who are prospective customers.
More than 860 rttls in the United States
are capable of consuming- them in car.
load quantities. England and Germany
combined have more people, than we
have.. Every nation in . Europe wants
apples to a more or less extent, Canada,
t Australia, the orient, South-America
each country can be developed to a vast
extent, whatever, the present consump
tlon is. '... - .
'Tha future of the northwest apple Is
foretold by the tremendous undeveloped
.field at its command. It Is up to tha
growers as a cooperative body to open
''the- doors leading to distribution. .The
prospective market is the ; basis upon
- which all great manufacturing anter-
1 the selling machine is what the' captain
. of industry depends on. . . .
Quality Must Be Maintained v v
The whole structure of the northwest
fruit Industry is founded upon quality.
No other factor is mors Important in
contributing to It success.' No other
c" OTercoma me neavy nanaicap im-
ivbqu uy ino .cuab ui rsnapvrisiion to
the general marketing areas. No other
physical medium will enable an unlim
ited demand to be created. - The duty of
the grower to his own Interests is
therefor plain. He must see that qual-
"lore!
LiT tir
tlr
malntalnea at all hasards, and at
times. It Is going to tax all his re-
sourcerulness and his energy to the nt-
most in preparing a iiswiess proauci lor
the market year after year. He must
cooperate wun rue neignDora to tne
same end. uniformity in quality and
Tmrm m rm anuuiT inn immitni, a- hi
trtets must not' only - cooperate with
themselves, but with adjoining sections,
the whole state.- and the whole north
west Independent action on the part of
the individual grower or the individual
district cannot help but result Hi de
structive competition, uncertain and Ir
regular values, ana general demorallsa-
tlon.
- Growing and packing the fruit Is to
manufacture ths product The resoon-
' slbility of the grower ceases with thU
detail, and the science of distribution
carries the Industry to success. Tha
) northwest has witnessed the Initial step
In broad tri-stat cooperation. It has
witnessed also the spectacle of Individ- .
ual bodies without marketing knowledge
or distributive facilities, breaking the
market at critical times of' the season.
General cooperation accomplished a rec
ord in northwest circles In 1911 by set
ting a high standard Of values six
Tk,.orV h!75'k' JB, fac .of
the strongest kind of Influence, by
maintaining ' those values . rigidly
throughout the season, and In disposing
of practically the entire output of Its
members' crops weeks before shipment,
The common Interests of the entire
northwest sre lnseperably linked wit li
the apple Industry. It owes to the spple
- :: - mu!0! ' M '. Mmra,rc l
ODllgatlon. It hSS CreStM more Pn-
" fV"
capital,-more; newcomers, upbuilt more
communities, advertised each state tnort
,w,ae,,y tnan any ctneriacior. it w
1! b2?1L,,
Increase In population In Oregon, Wai-
lngton and Idaho during the 1 .t six
years. ' It has bean to those siata wtmt
the nugget of ' 1841 was to Callfornln.
No one can intelligently measure tha
results. The maintenance of the or
chards today directly places Into circu
lation not less than two million del in. -i
per month. , Indirectly, property value
In the growing districts !noread fmm
Six to twenty times In those six yeirt.
Tha Industry Is no longer an exi.Ti
ment It is a huge plant rpreeiii-,
tha Invaatmant of one-fifth of a bliim
dollara The banker, ; merelimt, r
llclty agent and every otner -o.i,i,iii
factor are not only morally, but f
daily Interested In Itx r'. -r. ,,
measure of succesa wi'l l i-
larsely by tha ; . a t f I
largely by th
Its ninrnltuile J
tlon of tfia I t 1
in its h. '