THK OUHQOU tUKPAY JOl'JtUAL, TOttTLAliU. SUNDAY WOU-NINCl l.'OVKUBKU J 5, Jill
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Characteristics of Some
J Female Offenders Who
Suddenly Develop the
i Instincts of Hardened
Malefactors
E XPECTING al
with the uc
virtues from
always more in morality
:ord embracing all the
i women than from
men. there is never tf failure of the sur
prise that attends the discovery pi the female
master thief, of the murderess, of the flagrant
offender against the conventional relations of
the sexes.
And the woman involved always in
'dorses the surprise by crying out that she
conld not help it; that some circumstance
stronger than her normal self drove her to
the sin. v . .
Science, has made one of the most ex
haustive efforts ever known in the field of
criminology to team what is the
terrible, unknown secret of th
woman criminatt heart, ft has
compare J thousands of female of ent
ers of all descriptions, seeking to dt
lermtne wherein they differ from
those whose lives remain blameless to
the end.
The time may come when, to the
trained, discerning glance, the woman
with criminal possibilities can be iden
tified from her features, from her
figure, from certain characteristic hallmarks
of crime which, apparent now in types of
women known to be evil, may ultimately be
recognized before the sudden break comes
which reveals the wickedness so long dormant
in their hearts.
But it has not come as yet. The'remafk
bble thing is that, considering the difficulties
always in the way of study of this secret, hid
den lore, so much should have been learned.
Of all the obstacles that have been en
counteredgovernment protection of the
privacy of convicts, resistance to observation
by the women themselves, ignorance of their
histories where no records could be found
the greatest has been the one always rjght
in front of science's piercing eye. That is
woman's beauty.
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TO BH beautiful is to be tempted-an axiom of
ths HI.
; But to be tempted Is not to fall, and th
i millions of attrsctlv women who. exposed
to dsngers common everywhere, have never yielded to
foly or crime, remain convlnclnir evidence that there
must be sores Inherent difference between them and
the relatively lew of their sex who become criminal,
and the other, more numerous, who abandon the path
of strict virtue.
.... Both William Ferrero and the late Pr. Cear Lom
broao were agreed that the diagnostic signs of the
female criminal are so overlaid by the pleasing Illusion
of , beauty, which every woman manages to create In
ome measure, that only a deeper Insight Into the
structure of the face, the whole head. and even of the
body, could lesd to any real knowledge of the differ
ence between the criminal and the perfectly upright
woman. ' ' ' ,
Within the skull. In the brain Itself, bo eminent an
authority as Brof. E. A. Spltxka. the author of the
famous monograph on the brains of distinguished men,
assert that there are no clew discernible which can
tell what was the moral character of the woman
Whose lire It directed.
; Yet there must have been somewhere In the eoul.
If not apparent In, the brain, some fatal flaw for every
"one of the Messallnas and Aspasta of history, as
there must be for a Countess Tarnowska of Russia
and Italy and a Madame Stelnhell In France.
It would be hard.to find a more beautiful creatur.
than the convicted plotter of her fiance' murder, the
Ttusslan Countess Tarnowska, She was called "The
. enchantress." Her loveliness, when she was the
leader of society in the city of Kiev, both by reason
Of her charms and her position as the wife of Count
Tarnowska, enabled her to precipitate the killing of
the man who was her lover. Before the eyes of her
husband and his guests she flung herarms about the
young man's neck and kissed him; The count, draw
ing hi revolver, shot him dead on the spot,
-( She had various adventures until. In Italy, she per
uaded a youth named Naumoff to shoot Count Kam-
arowskl, who, engaged to her, had taken out In her
favor, a f 100,000 policy on his life. The evidence at
her trial showed she delighted In the Infliction of
bain on those who cared for her; It" was her keenest
bllB to burn young Naumoff with her cigarette.
Is a family resemblance so marked as to merge the
differences between Ttusslan of the clas and the un
fortunate who flaunt through the street of Italian
towns. And when youth vanishes, the Jaw, the cheek
bones, hidden by adipose tissue, emerge; salient angle
tand out; and the face grow virile, uglier than a
man'; wrinkle deepen Into the likeness of scars;
and the countenance, once attractive, exhibit the full
degenerate type which early grace had concealed."
Is there such a structure underlying the comely
yet strong face of handsome Ulllan Graham, the well,
bred California, girl, who participated In the shooting
of E. D. Stokes, the wealthy New York hotel man.
last June? Her sister declared that It was all because
she had been left without a chaperon - for the first
time In her life; did the unwonted absence of restraint
precipitate the break Into violence of a previously
gentle, mild-mannered glrlT Does the atavlstlo type
manifest Itself In the strongly marked features of Mr.
Helen Rue Brown, of Philadelphia, who. well-to-do In
her own right, and the wife of a pronperous business
man, was recently arrested on charres of shoplifting
In New TorkT
The entire body of the female offender la still In
course of the most minute observation. In the hope of
disclosing the physical reason for her abnormality.
In all countrle, but especially In Europe, specialist
In anateray and criminology hav been devetlog year
te the problem.
The one apparently aaaured thing U that, barring
em exceptional ease, the wemaa criminal seetn to
be fated to her career by one or many and allied
peculiarities, moat of them establishing a tendency to
degeneration from the accepted, n6rtna type.
The more virile of thee characteristic have been
referred to. and the tendency to the splendid head of
hair, which Is so alluring to the average man and so
utplclou a feature to the crtmlnolorttt But even
the color of the hair become a sign that t taken
Into account The falr-balrod have been found, to
number II per cent among the normal women and II
per cent among the criminals; dark-haired. It per cent
among normal, II per cent among criminal; chestnut
haired, II per cent among normals, 41 per cent among
criminal la all the normal be examined, there did
not occur one red-haired woman, while they amounted
to l per cent of the criminal. Lombroso And a Ilk
predominance In hi observations of fair and red
haired women; but make allowance for the eagerness
with which their type Is sought by profligates.
BRAINS BELOW NORMAL
Th brain capacity of women criminals baa been
found to be notably lower than that of normal women.
But there are rank even among the erlmlnala. The
poisoner stood highest In brain site; incendiaries
next, then those grouped under Infllcter of wounds,
and after them the Infanticide. These women con
stltute the higher order of criminals, if brain capacity
counts as a factor In intelligence. Ths lower criminal
classes, 'on that basis, are the thieves, ths assassins,
the demlmondaines and their ilk.
The true criminal tjrpe Is rare, . however. In the
woman offender's face. One great group of .women
criminals showed only II per cent of countenances
which could bo definitely classed as unmistakably
criminal, having from four to eight signs of degenera
tion, while in normal women this same type Is present
In but I per cent In male criminals It shows In II
psr cent There appears to be-a direct relation be-
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tween ths sexual discrepancy In criminal types and
ths difference In the skulls of ths men and woman.
Ths male criminals presented 71 per cent of cranlums
showing anomalies, while only 17 per sent of ths
women had unusual skulls, with 11 per cent the pro
portion among women of ths streets. As. compared
with ths man, all anomalies are pronounced to be
'extraordinarily .rare In the woman.
'. There may be, and are, many women criminals
whose faces have crime stamped upon them; there are,
too, many perfectly reputable women who bear the
same terrible hallmark, yet eiudo their dire fate
Indefinitely. The investigations that have been so
ardently pursued wherever death delivered Into ths'
hands of science some example of the woman criminal
have been thus far too few to afford material informa
tion. ,
OP NOTFA AiiVTP
T
DESTINED FOR CRIME ' .
, Something had gone radically wrong 'With the
woman at the hour when she planted her Judas kiss
on her first lover's lips; yet she had probably been
destined to her crimes in the very bones of her body,'
the very hair of her head. The strongly masculine
features were, however, softened by her J sex; the '
heavy lower jaw seemed' merely regular, in It round
ness; the profusion of hair waa nature' own adorn-
ment She looked an angel out of a demon's eyes.
Madams Stelnhell, the wife of the famous Parisian
artist whose mysterious murder, with that of her own
mother, was laid at her door, had a past that linked
- her name with rrfany notables, among them the late '
President Faure, of the Frehich republic, who was"
found dying after receiving a visit from her. She
was acquitted of the murders" In her home; yet she
was universally recognUed as ths typo of ths female -parasite,
if not murderess, an Aspasia of the modern
Athens of Europe. ".
Her face, fascinating as it Is, shows the strong,
virile traits undercover of rounded flesh, and she has
the abundant hair, both remarked by Lombroso and
Ferrero as typical of 'such women, high and low in
their ahamesv 1 - ' .- . ,
"Where delicacy of mien and a benevolent expres
sion are useful," remarks Lombroso, ws find them ;
a truly Darwinian trait. But even the handaomest"
female Offenders have Invariably the strong Jaw and'
' urn a maecuiina aspect i nese peculiar
HE only American woman who has1 been
. three tims invited to sing at JJcymitri,
Gertrude Rennyson, haa accidentally
trained what many other opera singers
would give fortun'os for. To come to the point,
she had her throat manicured by one of the finest
surgeons of Europe, and ho did bo well that she
gained tw"o top notes, 4
Strangatq say, the two notes have taken Mis
Rennyson eo"much by surprise that she doesn't
know exactly what she will do with them,. For Bhe
is a dramatic soprano, and high C, the best that
she has had in the past, is good enough for
any strong-voiced singer, who makes use of her
dramatic abilities as well. .
lues are shared by coco ties, among all of whom there
iHI9 Is how It all happened. Last year Miss Ren-
hyson planned an extensive concert tour in Amer
ica, but wa compelled to cancel it. She had the
whooping cough. So there was no, chance of
singing. After weeks and weeks of coughing she got
better and, returned to Germany, preparatory to the open
ing of the Beyreuth season. .tr
Bhe sang the various roles with so much success that
she was invited to return to Beyrouth the following sea
son, which was quite ah honor; for, with on exception,
she Is virtually the only American woman who la "held In
high favor now at ths homo of Wagner's musio drama
Bad to relate, she noticed that she had a slight nasri
affliction. At the close of the season sh went to Frank
furt and consulted the famous Herr Professor Doctor
August Spies, who . attended th late emperor of Ger
many in his final Illness. Doctor Spless discovered that
Miss Rennyson had an Immense growth In her nose, an
aftermath of the whooping cough.' An operation was
necessary, and she had to postpone her plans for sailing "
to America for -tier concert tour.
, Doctor Spleen took enough bono and tjssua from Miss
Rennyson' nose to cover ths palm of his hand. Ths herr
professor wss at a loss to understand how sh could have
made Such a hit at Beyrouth with so great a retarding -element
In her nasal 4rgan.
Ths operation was successful, but there follow mr. .
flals disappointments. Immediately after laying hi
Gift
' 14 'onf before. Miss Rennyson found that tho
famous surgeon was in real earnest, for she discovered
- svsn In her first rehearsals that she could reach a higher
and stronger range without any diffloulty. And though
she had possessed a vole strong and beautiul enough
to thrill thousands as, Elsa In "Lohengrin" and similar
roles, her friends have found that her tones are sweeter
and more vibrant than ever.
Up to date. Mis Rennyson la the only "Savage singer"
who has made a first-class success Jn' Burops. She has
sung 'In most of the leading opera houses, and it is doubt
ful if any American has excelled her triumphs at Bey- ,
reuth. She has appeared there two seasons already, and
una oeen mvuea 10 return next year, which will be
Professor Bpltska. when questioned, asserted too
Impossibility, at present, of ascertaining any of th
moral qualities from an examination of tho braia.
"Th moral qualities ju not shown fa th brain ai
all" he said. "Wo can. 7s a certain extent, interpret,
la terms of brain anatomy, tho Intellectual oualltl
that wr present In life.. But the difference between
s murderer, a thief and an honest man Is not dis
cernible, unless ths brain happened to belong to a
Imbecile or soms other Intellectual cripple. As for
women's brain., they have been too few to establish
sny reliable data. Their slses and wslght are usually
smaller than those ef men; their convolutions sro
usually, though not always, broader and of simpler
contour. There Is a greater redundancy of cerebrum,
the organic substratum of tho thought apparatus, la
man than In woman. But those are ths only differ
ences In the-ssxea. As between a virtuous woman and
"'na,r ot kind, th brain differences
wo know bow are as difficult to detsct as they aro
tooted.- 11 do,n't 'ra tbtr r
25V?! "
and the bad womsa; and those causes In thesamo
general way seem to be born In ths lnnr. usually
awaiting circum.t.nce. to mako them acUva The '
typo of woman with the criminal's heart exist as
ths typs with tho criminal's face exists.
..80Citr.C!, n,y ndev'' o kP the beaUng of
tho.. hearts In accord with Its own. by sxampl and
precept
' A
Odd . Old English Wills
erHE odd will- .
I - h I , persons, wnoso names
, woras in nearly every land.
of the n!,M,'en.C,le0tw1Ve,jr brOUirht th
of the public in a book by Virgil M. Harris.
lector on will. n th, Bt Louto . Unlvr-ltr InsfituU
.7 Prhaps tho most Interesting is that of
Sor-VV 0,d-1whiCB of tho shortest on
record. It -was in his own handwriting as follow.!
wiiFrthln r.?. i S
.Mr.. N1,0n w" In "ft f ths enemy's
. Ja, ber tttIe of Trafalgar, and aftsr ho
wrote his will. It was as follows: ' .
"October ll0l.m sight of the combined fleet.
r'7nca nd Spln dtno .bo,ut ten mile. Whsrs
Ir V1t?.,BkV "rVlee ' E,nCT H"ton. widow
MVXVSei Hamilton. havT
country to my koXdwUhouT .ver Tic,,,
reward from either our king or count?? FlMtTh
she obtained tho king of Spain's letter ii 70a 5 .1 w?i
offered, against 'ubt thirJl of V.,t!!0,Wr
ofeeL:dvTHairAtoher "a.n5o.f8 SnPoat nthrfaull
Sffer?4y J,mllit0n; th P'tunlty might have beea
"Secondly: Tho British float under mv mm,..
could never have returned th sewnd tiSet in W
had not Lady Hamilton's Influence with the Sufen of
iV&?rf hS X"' 11 & 2ov;?no'
supplied , with , overvthtn ' .Z "tintt
port In Slcllv. W- n,,.i7X"'S'v. "Z ul. ?
Z17 WPMt to And deseed theTrench
fleet. Could I have rewarded these rX. erIln.2
nature of a "Parslfar festival, because It win mpi, h . therefore, a legacy to my klnsr and rnnZi
exDirauon or in Mnvr nt nn tv, Von,,..- l . . .
- uvu nuiA, one 1.
one of the few Amerftans who have abided by tho Bey
routh regulations, and that is ons reason she Is held In
, such high favor there.
noi now can opn my country; but as that !, ni
mm m my:power, I leave Emmav tidv
sgacy to my kin k and country, that the?
an ample provision to maintain her ran h
In life.
"I also leave tn tho V.r,. ' . .
daughter Horatla Nelson Thomp-nn: and I desire ihi
will use in future the nam f w.iJ. lw Hl" ,M
"These are the onlv favors T v w. .2.
e-ountry. at thl moment when I m roii. I
their battle. Mav Opd bless my kh, and
and all those I hold dear! nei nnS'
ii-:rJ""'"" '". :or it wasn't ions?
ictefonTrvsox.MfioGiimed
knives aside. Doctor Spies went to Berlin to attend a
banquet of prominent physicians of the empire. He In
tended to return. Immediately to his patient, but a luck' managers of the Royal Qpera House that they engaged
would hava it. h oontrarted nlnmilio nnlennln' an4 k.l . . .. . ' . " ?
v ', APPEARED BY ACCIDENT
No singer asks to taks part in a Beyrouth perform
ance, a request wouia' De instantly turned down; and.
moreover, ii wou
is by Invitation,
Rennyson
tending
Z. In! 'J7Z . CMt W' capabls - that th '"" inscription ahmiM be put on h.r mkl
Of sieging KIsa. and Ulsa Kannvsnn va iiiiimh k. ... , . . .. . K nBr ootnnt
. . , , - --- -r- - - , - -yaronne or BninswlcH
aiuiiB, mm sue naa oiten taxen the
part In this country. Th Wagners were so pleased with
her performance that they gave her. the role for tho rest
of th season... .' " :.......
Vienna is another placs In whjch Miss Reiinyson was
lucky. Several years ago-she sang at an embassy recep-
iion given cy pnanemagn Tower, and so Impressed the
would hav It. he contracted ptomaine poisoning and had
to postpone us return for a few days., s , , i,--. s , . .
In the meantlmo ths paUent was resting comfortably
In tho hospital, attended by her mother and sister. Mis.
Mae Rennyson. who Is tho superintendent of tho Phila
delphia Hospital When Doctor Splesa recovered and
mad his final examination, he surprised his patient by
Informing her that she would gain two note, and that abo
would have them In her full possession In a yoarf time.
her Immediately. Among other places where she has
met with, great success are Dresden. Belfjjit, Dublin and
Coven t Garden, London, Her favorite roles ar Elisabeth
In "Tannhauser,- Mlml In !La Boheme," Tosca in "La
Toca," Elsa in "Lohengrin," Aid In "Alda," Santuxxa
In "Cavallerta ' and Marguerite In 'Taust'
Miss Rennyson has not
-."" n . Born 17th of May. 17fi.
Died 7th of Ausrust, 182L -Aged
64,
c . . Th Outraged Queen et England. . '
Her executors, and other Interested friends. nMnA
fng Lord Hoo-d. Sir Robert Wilson. CouTt VmM?1 and
Messrs. Wilde 1 and Lush Ing-ton. attempted to "rry "t .
her wishes. Onthe Imirner to Prtsiswlck the coffln '
The" ft&'TSaXJiZJ, ChSP. Colc..t?r"
The executors and friends gained entrance tn tha
ehspel st nlrht and nailed the Inscribed plate on tho
eoffln. But the next morning" ft was snhstHnted bv a
ew plate, which was ordered by the Hera. die Coon
Hl and approved by the government, it whs as fol
lows: . . -
. erenlsts rrtnc1t1-s fsrollnss
aoneared In tutn h thia Aue-ustl1m Vtetlsslml wrnaeeha fiennrti ai,h
country since sho left the Savage company to 'continue Wl' ' JLL.. tIzSmZ?? "del ff-fenor reei.
her studio, abroad, but U making a oonort'tonr ttSa tJ. KVuVo DmriccxsetW
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