Tilt: Ui;i.wO.W UMAV JUL'ti.SAL, WUILAHU, iUIJAY WOUWUiO, OCTObLft 15. H
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The Intrepid Educators
Who Have Striven
Nobly to Infuse New
Life Into the Feminine
Slavs -
Carta utf 7tintr?y C&Sza r ,J
SVER their samovert of tea, nhen
1 V i?'- " of uar and
virtual revolution, the feminine Jv
dtnti of the land of the czar gave encourage
mem to the young men who were tlannmg
the overthrow of tht oJJ order of things,
frothing come of it but talk.
Only a few years later more practical
evidences of tht new thought came into being.
This time it uat not in the form of firebrand
speeches, but in plain, simple work among
the poor.
Cultivated Russia is one thing; the
vast land of the common people is another.
They are separate and apart, though of the
same nation. But this latest awakening is
destined to bring them closer together. For
the social worker has made her appearance.
The woman who goes into the dwellings of
the poor and nurses their sick, teaching them,
at the same lime, how to avoid ill health by
sanitary Ikingthis is he new woman of
Russia, and she is one of the greatest of inno
tations the czar's people have known for
many, many years.
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alify thtil for norm ml ork. cs of
yB( Jivlik wtll cm ! rblUdtlphlA
falL
UimJi wa ik Mai cUr la whlca la aiari a wark
a( IMa alad. far II It a araal aaiifairliiB' plaa,
aa4 la eaila4 lha Maachaaiar af Huatla. Maar af Ha
tviMn ha llltraily lu4 la faciorl from (Irlbaed.
ARtlttr womtM kaa rsnlil tna ad of Chrla
ian wark U U4a. Una la Hlaa ttvrtfc KOaa. af
Wirx, who 0ad lha flral training acboal la
Maaaia far nurava. Kamala auraa kaa ar baa
Iatraia4 la ltuia. and tbay ara net la ba faaad la
aay af (ka koapttala. Mat mtiy JtuaaUa glrla kava
bad a dvalra ta cara fur Iba alck. o tntr vaat ta
Hrlla aad workad la ka koapiiaJa ibtra. Iluodrada
af Ituaataa aura ara aaaf doing arood work la Oar
many. Ibtra no flara far lhn to gtt Iba train
ing la Ibalr ea counlrr. BO Ibrjr want to lha r'athvr
Uad aad rmaiaad ibara.
Miaa Bartb taa waa ona af thaaa. Ska waa as-
T
HE rtar et Ruuli la up af atrial It afaia. Ae
eualomcd ba haa batn to nlhlllata. But now
he'a tha atorm centar of a horda of arouaed
womiD.
If it waa tha "votaa for women" movemant. aoraa
Americana might even irmpathlta with him. Bat
that's not It by a long ihpi. A rcqueat haa actually
baen mada for a coltegtff tilghr ftmlnlna education,
and Americana are willing to foot tha bllL
Vocatfonal and profeaalonal work for the' aklrted
aes haa heretofore been altogether out of tha ques
tion In nuaala. A trained nuraa even la considered
an unpardonable Innovation.
In a nutshell,' this is the real reaaon that bars a
million dollar unlveralty and eemlnary at tit. Peters
burg. Oae of the buildings waa to be reserved for -
girls and young women. They were to be taught the
classics and anvthinir else tnev wanted to know. The
seminary would even be open to them. To make mat
tera worse, the professors ana teachers were to ba of
their own sex. From a Itusalan point of view, It was
no wonder that the ciar put t strong veto on the
plana of tha Baptista when ha neard that women ware
to ba admitted to the seat or learning.
TO ARGUE WITH THE CZAR
But there Is still hope. Three prominent clergymen
ara on their way to Hu. Teterabuig to have a private
audience' with the csar and present their vlewa on the
all-important subject. The ministers are the Rev. Dr. ,
MacArthur, pastor of the Calvary Baptist Church and
naturally haven't lha aama tender lafluenoa over them
that a. woman would have."
Miss Martha Wensk, the daughter of Frederick
Wenak, a wealthy brick manufacturer and builder of
Lods, waa among tbo first to become Interested In this
work. She came to thla country and took a three
ars course In the Chicago Training Kchool. and vis.
fied all tha large cltlra of the country, Investigating
tha educational facilities and the work carrlsd on by
tua women settlement houses. 8he Inspected tene
ment houses In psrtlcular, aa there are a arrest number
of them In the large cities of Ituisla. and noted the
eondltlona of the model homee. In contrast .to those
where tha comfort of the tenanta la not taken into
consideration.
Miss Wensk wsa particularly Impressed by the
work of the women's clubs in looking after tha wel
fare of tbo poor, and ona of her first etepa waa to
organise a almllar institution In Lods, to which aome
e)f tha moat prominent of her countrywomen belong.
On her return to Russia aha opened a school In
Lods with one hundred girl pupils. The curriculum
resembles . that of an American academr-
'J'he atircess of this Institution will no doubt menn
the founding f manv ptnnlliir ones tlirouirhexit Husslt.
Miss Wensk, wnv'd Ilka to brn1n l"r bf"k. hut
her only aaststant Is her surer. Ml Alma. Kncour-
n
'.Garficrfnj af &ocff JYorfers r?f TejrcAcrs. of.rSoutfi Tfusste'
eesiUastl betgkt. aad II a aa - ai aU aaui
"ki.- air aad arsv kaa rr4
Uat If Ike ltia Waaaea wee t a a
la Ueeekaey. laey 4 be ) aa fee' -I la IS. if
Bailee lead aba wa la L. laklag cnsaei ftte
aita a erase tsltfc ker. aa4 efs4 a leeieteg xa4.
Her aafaea be ald iiea 4ke ta nit
airy, fr ibey af eejf atuad IM ak, kal (s
tala Ike kaawa af Ika aad aba tke btl bw
tkey sea bHee Ikeir eaiit. iak eastbsee ktw
la rare far ibetf bebta aad ae ibat ibe fbiure are
I la ki
Tba at a I e ks4ir-eM be tba gins ta
fralaiag aaat gel iba ad ats-riaa la beeam'-;
Ml tbey ara la pilule bea aad Ike taa4
a erase rriaia4 tatr werk. Ikere ara ak-eat a
kaadrad atadeais at tieetkL
Tba awteee are neeer ai tba aaraery. As aa ae
Ikey are tkreegtt aae Jb aaotker la oalllag fa ke,
Tkey But eaty ga lata baa. bat alee IH f((eria
If tkey leara Ibat a glr la Bt la ea4lUoe) I wark,
Ikey Immediately report lb ease l Ika 0 aad set
permteelea far ker to ga baeaa far a reel. Tba asKi
baada aaa already lai4 Ibei iba aarsae ara Ifcsir
frleada. aad are e.atcb ta raprt brutal traalsssat e
krk af seaiteuea ta tbcm
NURSE RICH AND POOS
"The pioneer aarees ara af service la all claaeet
t people, iba rick as well as iba paar." at re iba
Jtev. Mr. Alf. "Of eaare. ika poor people ara set
charged aatklag; aad. far tkat matter, these aeble
wocnaa prefer la davale ikeir aaeralaa ta ika aa-
fortuaatea wbo oaaaol afford even tba aeceselute af
Ida nai ta meaiiua Ika luiarlaa.
"The work kaa already become ao great Ikat tka
I'ree of trelaed women cannot handle the buadrede ef
assaa tkat some under their aotieo, aad It la aiparted
fiat their number will Boon bo eupplemeaied by ether
Russian aad Follib women from Uermany. wha caaasc
jia their eistere onill iba terme far wblck tbey fceve
contracted to work have eiplred.
At Udeeaa the aork baa been Itkea ap en a
smaller scsle by Miss Amelia tlrossmsn and Ule
Martha Krautman. boik of wham ara graduaUe of tba
lierlln nurses training schools Tbey ara both mem
bra of good families and labor solely for tyke love
af Ik What they ara moat anxloue lo combat i the
tenement evil, la both Lo1i and Odeasa it la tha role
for the poorer people to live in tenement house be
reuse the rent Is cheap, and there is a aelghbeny
feel lug among tbcm tbat is hardly. to be duplicated Is
more laolatad houeee. A great many people would feel
loat If they left tbeee human beehive.
"Although fifty or sixty families often live la one
house, the conditions In some places ara far better
than In Ibis country; but then again there ara build
Inge that ara terrible." .
The nest efforte of the Christian women will
probably be directed toward tha Coacka on the
Kuban and Don rivers. The Coesack girl have never
received much achoollng. They are trained, as ara
their brothera. to ba great fighters and horsewomen.
Their education la only a secondary matter; r'
women In the world can stand aa much. They cart
ride for days at a time without getting tired. Indeed,
soma of them ran outdo their brothers and husband.
But there are aome women in Husala who have not
hearts of steeL They think tbat at least some re
strictions should be put on the strenuous schooling of
these sjlrls; that woman are not born to be fighter,
but the love and affection should be Inculcated In
their hearts rather than tha desire for combat It
, would not be surprising to sea a school for thsm
founded very shortly. Several officers have been Inter
tated In the movement and have given their support.
GreatlrVbmeB Bahintf fiorxv
l amovs
r resident of the American Baptist Alliance; the Rev.
lussell H. Con well, pastor of me Baptist Temple. Phil
adelphia, and the itev. F B. Meyer, of Uondon.
These men are all stroncr chumpions of women's
rights, in the sense that the should have the privi
leges of higher education ana be allowed to teach
the young, attend ,to the sick, work for th social
betterment of nuniaitity and enlighten .their less for
tunate sister: .
JJoctor Con well only recently opened his. church for
the exclusive use of women at stated times, and It has
gained the name of wie "Women's Church." He is
ulso president of Temple University, wmcii Is a co
uucatlonat' institution.
When these three able divines present their views
to the czar and show him the mammoth work tbat has
been done by women in this and other countries. It Is
possible that the csar will relent and give his permis
sion for the erection of the tit. Petersburg institution.
The signing of such a decree" would mean a great
change in the conditions of Russia.
A small band of pioneers is already at work inter
esting girls In professional and business careers and
laboring anions; the poor to better their social condi
tions. A woman's college would greatly benefit their
efforts and spread, the work to all the large cities In
Russia. A strong foundation for the movement has
already been Tltld in Lods and Odessa, and it Is
being rapidly built upon. av , . . .
- The situation 1n Kussla Js being keenly watched
by the Rev. Gustav Alf. a JRuasian minister who is
doing evangelistic work among his fellow-countrymen
In America. His wife was tone of tfhe. leaders in tha
"new. woman" movement, and bad gone -to Germany
to be educated for that purpose.' She was married in
Odessa, on the Black sea. two years sgo, and returned
With ber husband to Philadelphia. She is looking for- '
ara 10 joining in uia wui a. again upon tneir return
Kussia in a year or two.
'A young woman Is handicapped in everv wit. n
as education Is concerned.' in our countrv " the nv
Mr. Air saia recently. "Wiirni years' achoollng Is con
sidered enough for any girl.- and a great deal of that
Is spent In gymnasiums. The Runslen srovernment con
siders that if a lass is atrong physically and develops
Into a atrons;, healthy woman. It Is sufficient ' Her ,
Eientallty Isn't considered. She Isn't supposed to have
rains. .,-... m ..
"Tha phyalcal education Is all very well, but our
women are opening their eyes. They want aomethlne '
mora, j uu wnw iraveiaa in "otner countries
- 'hl i?hr'i'r: Am nh ill
I f&&pu iU It'ZS r ' Mb , f m Ii 1 r III
I 4j?fi xrrsMii f Nry " wl wst in
wur
ofi
far I
I
we iiDanc famous in pjpotnjr&j
T IS i being , acknowledged, these days that
women have some business Bense. They hare
been buying for stores so shrewdly, running
bi ranches so enereeticalLv. advertising so
successfully, and even conducting factories and
stores of their, own so astutely, that the old tradi
tion of their incompetence is disappearing- ,
v , A new generation, with different training and
greater opportunities. ' t
That's what the half-convinced critics admit.
have noticed the broader tohars of l waman'a nr .11 tf m fam van na ao mnM nU.M : - i;r.:ma 5
and tha profes.loa.i and business opportunities T that I" .f,7r. Z .nv'. V . "r" :
ara open to the girls, such as being school teachers, , nature It took all history to fashion..' .-.
trained nurses and stenosrraphera. v' ' - " . : ; .' ' ;
. "In 1 Russia these duties are not considered a .
woman's. She eanelther work In a mill or stay at KB of thoa candid husbands Is -John D.
lib7.1 h P""nt "nirrJ "-'"-"-S'vesneaUy .1, the Tcrcuit lor
"One of the greateet needs f the country Is female V- bim wealth (0 hia wife.
school teachers. Tha mothers have recoa!ed this for ' "VV by," aald be recently,' lf It had not
wtJ.."L Ern h:.bJnea. -ag.clty. for her dear lastlnot
... ' - e " ""i nea, woo in anr&ira, 14 aava been a poor man today.
Here and there, through the pages of tbat his
tory through those pages which are still in the
making- glint lights on the ability woman shows
under the very condition when she, is supposed to
, have no' initiative at all. ' Jr.. ; ' 4
Hero" and there' a husband will drop the
grandeur of solitary achievement that invests him
and admit that lie owes as much to his clever wife
as he does to himself. Hero and there some dis-;
tinguished career, in its very bends and stages, will
show the 'unmistakable hand of the woman, that
made it.. . , ' " ' ' :. J- ;
Many
a time her advice ran counter to Ideaaof mine; but
.hef-judgment Invariably proved better than my own.
She has ' known ".every detail or ; my buelnt trans
actions from' the very beginning of my career. When
our oil dealings were so small that 'we ooildn't afford,
to bare bookkeepera, Mrs. Rockefeller : kept the
books. She was my confidential adviser whenever It
came to a step designed, to broaden the tcslness."
. Old prejudice dies hard; there is probably no ona.
- who would dare aaaert that the brains which' hava
'made 'tha mighty Rockefeller fortune are a woman's
except John D. Rockefeller himself. But ha Is tba
one who says itv -.:r:r.- , . ' J-
. There was another man. only lately, passed away,
who bad the same confidence in his wife's business
. Judgment;: and he proyed It. besides frankly ad
mitting it .That was the late E. H. Harriman. When
his will was read, it appeared that he had left all,
hia Interests In the hands of Mra Harriman. prob
ably the greatest Individual collection ef business
and financial enterprises, and among the most Intri
cate and difficult, aver intrusted to a woman. , : ,
These are modern examples; and American affairs
rush on so hurriedly that It sounds like, tha distant
past to refer to the years' when A. T. Stewart and
Commodore Vanderbilt were the ' money paragons ,
whose wealth was worshiped. But the story was
different then aa to the reality oj the wife'a business
"courage and shrewdness. Mr. Stewart unhesitatingly
averred that much If not all of his success In trade
should be credited to his wife, while of the entrgetio
old commodore the anecdote of his first real start
Is among; the most trsasured in the Vanderbilt family.
His wife was looking after the bumble hotel they
had been running when , h was well nigh distracted
for the cash he needed to embark Upon . his early
steamship enterprise. The Vanderbilt credit was very
different from what It became in after years, and the
commodore always hated to let anybody tnto the
subcellar he was digging for himself. ,
"How much do you needr asksd his wife.
"Oh" with that dismissing tone men have for any
ona who can't help them on tha spot "I need thou
sands.' A v'i -.JX' . '-it..'-"Well,"
she rejoined, "If $S0OO is enough, I cap ;
glva It to you. That is what I've saved out of the
hotel thus far." . . ;'
Thaf 18000 was the most Important, critical step
toward the famous Vanderbilt millions. ' ' '
But these are trade instances purely. ' About -the
feminine instinct for affairs there appears to be a
genius that I peculiarly adaptive, nowhere more in
evidence than in diplomacy and the -negotiations that
call for combined tact and planning;. - .
The debt which Lord Curson owed to the millions
of his wife, who was Mary Lelter, was too well known
to need comment, and perhaps the credit might be
given her wealth rather than herself. But she. did.
nevertheless, make him viceroy, of India, A case that
leaves the wife distinctly responsible ' for her hus
band's success l's that of Lady Oerald Lewther, who,
as Alice Blight, brought to the modest young Wash
ington attache of Great Britain's embassy her beauty
and her supremo sift for smoothing diplomacy's
often troubled paths. These : were, her best dowry,
although' she was by no means lacking ' In fortune.
Since their marriage, he has attained the knighthood
that gives hlmthe noble prefix and has risen to the
difficult .post of British minister, to Turkey.
, A parallel in American affairs, far more impress
ive, is that of Senator Gore, whose blindness hs
made him totally dependeht en his wife. Uterail,
Mrs. Gore has been bis standby and his guide. .
.. One 'can take the widest extremes, and find tha
wife the power that has often been behind great
men In all walka of life. General Ruasaii A. . Algsr,
in thla country, used to delight In saying that to Ms
wife ha owed the very beginnings of his career and
they went back to log-cabin days. No stranger eon-'
: trast could be found for tha Algers than that of the
dramatist Sardon. with its' setting of French art
-and intrigue en the stage. v ; '.- , :
- With all his genius, Bardou . rould, not force h'
way into , the theaters that alone could give him op
portunity for fame. But Mma. Bardou could do it ir
him.' Sha made frienda with the popular and Iriflnn
tial actress. Mile. Dejaset; and, when tha time
ripe. Implored the actress to make a hesrfnit tit t .-
author. At fjejasets word, tha reluctant :. ' t
doors flew open. Sad the world has ice a. k;;
..edged tbat the man whom his wife ta-1 hrr,.,; ! 4 ,
tha fore was lis supreme creator ct n. rl - ,
statecraft