i A f , ; No Nocil to Tramp X -- e vJ tol M .!.. L . - t A V W k tvlf Vf UHH 1 ; i - . - t-.i .it Tie aU--':f iiv.; coast nvii nuTu; LI r.i!;ikiQij ik jp, i il -S "cTt VPS I-OJiTLAND, OKLTGON. KRWAY EVEN. NO. OCTOilUR tf. 191!. -TAVEIiTr rOUU PAGES. ntr tal' r rrtfM - i si vol. x no, efl w Drop in Steel Follows Federal Suit0j MILK AND CREAM "TRUST" Si 10 BE 'HI WUH OBJECT IB LINE WOULD OPETI A W FOR Mannafes Hold Musterious ContevcnM M0II0N PICTURE r nitirr iinn nnr C. ft IDE HERE intr; ivillo nut JfSl w 10 OS 0 COS T OF BOT CHARGED WITH OECOVING PRESIDENT ROOSEVaT Insane Oriental Shoots Down William C. Sclig of Chlcano and Slays Los Angeles Man acer of Sclig's Company. MADDENED GARDENER ; RUNS AMUCK WITH GUN H0LDERSOFST0CK DUMP BIG BLOCKS II mam i Panlo Stricken Orvners of Se curitles Bring on Flurry That Threatened to Be the ? Worst In Yean, i Rtsf U M las,rTtle, y 4 t CW. ete; I 1 4 - Tt4r T4er KM 4 ; r Oa-,tno . 9 I fMftw 11 IMS S The wbat wek.l el ttlnege 4 TT IV 19 ! I bwebel la r p h r wits lb (rl lump 4 Hi tjrltl. New York. Or. IT. ?ale wtrlckae. by f forts to dissolve th Celled Slate eerprlloa kr th t'nli4 Imim (Ml corperatio tfamv4 fear mnt rrtxr4 lxlr n4 on f lh rl- l r"! lihl rrnl y Twr Tr'4 br th niut upport f lh martial hy Uor gmm u4 Korkftlr ( lb marvnt- .At om tire durlnv lb dar thr w kR clnal 4tcllB of rr II pp hr In lh Mmm lock of lh (! Irovl wbli th prfrrv(J waa dow l JL Al tit rloalnr wmt of tha loas h4 ban rwwH br. b nltl aurport f (ha Mr1 finanrlar of tha country. Com tnoo cloaod wUh a not dwitna tf 4lHla from yaalardaf and th praforrad w down i point at tha aama ties a. ronlri Kuktl liettat, - Tha fnarkrt abrrad waa avan jnoro f)td tliao tha trado hara and at t e'rlbrk .tha prlcv al London atiowod a nat loaa of 1 polnta, Otbar AmatieM a lock a war affoctrd thar by th !) Id of atl aharer. Rrokra fouai't all mortilag ta t tiaar th atl poM and da pita th out- rataa aupport of both th common andl prafarrad atork. whtfh rallta4 ooma-l V "jw r ' rf,. ,.-T i 5- Breaking Into Office During Consultation Nipponese ! Shoots Wildly About Ilwary C. IVfck nJ Dbrrt !. Cmrj, mho tcJJ th prralt that lmi Ut- J.. . , trM rM t Mil wvt Ia AatU. Ort. tl -M litiaat C. Ba. !t. af Olraao. rr4daa f lh Utrla M4IM fviuro raanpaay, abo and aarfwaty tajarad. ad PYaarta fwaa. ral AaaaT f tb taraJ braM-n af i ha rofapany. waa ah( aad klitad hm lodar by a Japan Rr4r, rraak UlnalmuataM. h bad rua amurk wtib a . Colia rolr. Tb ahootlaa orrra4 ta lb fflc of tb rofaany al Kdandai,- a aabtjrb. about II a. an. Tha Japaaa waa ar il brarfU wol4 r to Um Mrl rorporaUo frm thm pa-ihaaa- f th Tvoo Com! M IrV eovpajir. GOVERNNIENTSUIT T $ T MS H UNDER RUST ACT ctlon ; Filed by Dickinson Against Steel . Corporation Asks Dissolution of.. Com bination and Subsidiaries.. what, tha baara f oread th common to 19 ty . nj a and dumpl , thouaanda of , aharaa on th market. . Prfrr4 atI at noon touehad lttt tad Imtnanaa mluma- of tha atoek ehanf.d haada. In th flrat flftean mln- titaa 111,004 aharoa wera unloaded and boufht np and. to noon SI 4,000 aharaa ef all market atecka had ben bought and aold. And toppinr this tl.oit.ooo worth of bonda were damped and picked p. - ' - Xrrtr stock Drop. ' OnUlda of th TJnlted State Steal atooka lntareat waa eontered In Inter national Haxyeater which auffered a klr point elump aa a reault of rumora that Internationa) Jlarveater company would ba tb next corporation called to iooount by tha department of Juatloa. in ayrnpatny wun to boars raid on Tfittxl RlitM fitaal. Initnatrl.l mmitir4. 1 iXj eu rrered sharp decline. Amaneaa Imeltlnv loalna ttf point. - 'Bine tb year 1904 United 8tatoa Steel common haa ran red 8H point. It reached ,lta loweat level In 1904 when It, touched H- In 1909 It waa old highest, touching- 94. , Tha low record for tha two year until today waa 81 . which was touched a month ago. 'Th loweat for preferred Waa In 1904. when It aold for (9. Th high eat price It aver reached was during th bun activities la 1909. when It went to 191. - - , , .- , Throughout ' th morning , th mag nates held exolted conference, hoping to affect' aoma aobema to keep up prices. - ' MOTION TO QUASH 2D: HYDE VENIRE Defense CastDown When the . Judge Refuses to Grant Pe tition for Calling of Hew Set . of Talesmen. ekargM Agalast liatl Traaf. 4 Tha government's suit charge 4 the ateal corporation with being 4V-trUy ootmacted with all of th d largo rallroaUa and steamahip line of tbo country, and with ba- d 4 Ing a cooperator with th Stand- 4 a ard OH company. tbiPullman company,' InUrntional'Harvt- a) 4V r company, and lh . Waa tarn 4 4 Union . Telegraph com pan y. it 4 charge that bualnaaa connae- 4 a ' tlona have given th ateel rtruif 4 4 sontrol ever trade and -eommeroe. ' 4 4 Former Secrotary of War J. M. 4 4 Dicklneon, special counsel ror tn 4 government,' tn bringing th auit 4 allegea that tha ateel corpora- 4 tlon a laaaea on Great Northern 4 coal propertied ar Illegal, and 4 that th acquisition of 'tha Ten-, 4 neaaea Coal Iron company. 4 waa Illegally brought aooui. . Tn auit is tn moat sweeping antl-truat aption .ever begun by tha, government. Dissolution of tha parent combine and dlaaolu tlon of 'all' ita aubaldlarv-com-' panlea ta asked. Thlrty-saven aubsldlary companies are earned. . Furthar, the petition charge that heada of. th ateel corpora tlon tricked TheodoriKoooevelt, thn - president, Into permitting th gobbling of th s Tannoasae Coal properties, , . .. ; -! ' . U PROCLAIMS SELF PRESIDENTOFNB' CHINESE REPUBLIC aH Antra Tram Okiaa-. Salic err I ad la La Aagelaa tbta ataraJng frea Chi rag for a afrn with hi local ataff. Among thee preaant at tha tisa of the tragady war J. I Mr a a, businaae ataaagar af th Balls empaay: W. Saat- I hi. aa actor, and liobart Poawrnh gjid liogga. W mi th eenfarenea wa on la noggs' efflo. tha Japanaa. who bad baan am- Articles cf Incorporation of Washington Trunk, Capi talized at S5.000.000 to ' Be Filed Soon Is Report VANCOUVER. TO NORTH ' YAKIMA IS THE ROUTE Plan of .Company Calk for Extension From Vancou ver to- Portland. (Co. tinned m raga Twelve.) Arttrte af arrarai 1 tl ba file la a f oUr al Otratp!. iv. 9r ba v Malta Traa railway, wtib a rapttal (a mt l e4.aa a4 far Iba purpaa af eaanairwrtiag aa larlrt rait rad front V a tom -ar. WaalL, I Kant Tablana and Rlanabarg. Tba aaw oaax paay will t a ai4iary r ta ueev tral IlvatopKat raMiBar. whtrb) ta prooUnaal la d.r.topnvMtt wee fa tba atala of Waehlngtu. Unw lUrnton, lh prailait ChH-aca attomar. la bare pfapannf IN pa pars, an' whll It ta not rbllrty nowa what lataraata b rapraaaAta, tba fact thai lb proposed road will save dlract oonnartloa with tbo Cblrago. Mil- wauka A rit akNiad Ha al North Taklm Lnda color I tbo aaaplcto) that the pro)act Is act yrr foreign to that ayetam. wblrb. II Kaa often boaa aa- aoac4 by Ita fflrlala. ta working for a direct Una to Portland. Tba an I r It will also provide for tha eon.tnirtta of a Una from Vancouver to fHmlaad. Number of the Local Creamery Men Said to-He Banded Together for Pur pose of Forming Merger Which Would Control the Local Situation (Continued on rag Savwa.) fjeneraJY Elevation Is Rebel Answer to. Government's Overtures - for Peace Made Yesterday , to Assembly, r PROGRESSIVES CAPTURE CONTROL OF TAFT - ; CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE; REACTIONARIES MAY-, BALK OK DECLARATION FOR OREGON SYSTEM ' jft'sIM Pme,eeed Wna.) ' rklfg. Oct. tTrroclsxnatlon by tba revolutionists today of U4 republia f China threw , tha imperial court lnt wild panic and hundreds of blanch a officer ar fleeing north ward while tba few remaining ar prepared ta leave at aa tnstant'a notloa. Rumora that tha baby emperor la already smuggled front th dty are 'generally discredited here. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Shanghai Oct- IT. General Li Tuaa Huns- has proclaimed himself provisional preatlent of tha Chinese republlo at Hankow.- Ha Immediately, notified tha for eign eonaula. advising then that tha provisional government Will; flo avery thing poealble to , protect the lnterata of foreigners during tha present unreat. It is believed that LI'i elevating him self to the presidency will be acceptable to th revolutionist throughout tb en tire country, at .lat aa a temporary meaaura.-, - ., - -m, - , The proclamation of a republlo la tha rebel answer to tha - government's overtures for peace implied In yeater- day'a surrender to. the demands of th national aasembly, which agreed to ter minate , tha revolution in . consideration of Immediate arid drastic reforma. Gen eral Li Tuan Hung, tha self-proclaimed president pro tem of th republic, does . (Continued on Page Thirteen.) -. wrogreesivew eetsedl . tha rtina at th first meeting ' of th Tart campaign committee yeaterday afternoon,' InetaJl- tng Bea Sailing aa chairman ana jonn F7 Logan aa aocraiary. milowlns 110 this advantage, a d laratlon.of principle will ba preeaated St th next meeting of tba eomrolttae, in which the members will not only b aaked to place themeHvee on record In favor Of strict compliance with 'th artmary law. but will b required to also a statement declaring' thoy ar In favor. of upholding tha complete Oregon system of progresslv lawa. . If: tha anchors of tha reactionary clamant, placed on th commlttea by National Committeeman Ralph E. Wil liams, who wer quteacent yeaterday, op pose a declaration In favor of tha Ore gon system, there may yet b a "ruc tion" among th Taft campaigners, votlc Is erred. v At tha meeting yeaterday afternoon everything went along smoothly. The significant feature waa In tha remarks mada by Mayor Rushlight, A. E. Clark and others, who mad It plain that they will not consent to entanglement of tha Taft campaign with any other laaua. They pointed out that while they want to help tha president's race for another term, they doot Intend to ba drawn Into the fight over Bourne, and served notice, politely but firmly, that tha committee must confine Itself to tht presidential fight Msyor Rushlight said ha believed th organisation of cwmmrite tor look ftr th president's Interests la ust! tied nndr th Oregon . law. just as h bad a committee to promote his la. tereata' in tha eonteet at tha Primariaa for tha nomination for mayor. Ha add ed that ear muat be taken not to at tempt to evade or defy tha lawa enacted by tba people of Oregon. Ha warned th committee It would be a mistake to or- mlt anything In tha deliberations or iian or campaign to Imping on th irct primary of Other progrtsslva enactments or tha Oregon system. - gning Hade Chairman. There was 'no voice of protest ' Chair man Selling, W. B. Ayer, Dan 3. Ma larkey, A. K. Clark and T. B. Wilcox ach 'affirmed that tha commute muat work out Ita deatiny In full compliance with the direct primary law. Rushlight later In ' th meeting suggested th Idea of a formal declaration of princi ples which will make tha purpose of tha committee clear. . . This Idea was not preeaed, further than a decision to leave tha plana for future action to be drafted by-'Chalr- (Continued on Pago Twelve.) THE OFFER STIt-li STANDS ! Tat a raie af te reeaMre r kaa If afaJy ftes lib bettie eart ef lataaag I taw mt aailfc sal t taaa4 mt A ba b-aaai r4 ? flta svwtad far IV. ra fw " lb taJWaiMas I-. I ita rwaar u ara,a , Jaa aw af aa taKVaaaa la save M Mtaaila4 te a smaller f aatMk l ll a taaa Ik arWaaa I ba wati laranB4 ear tkat Mth will a k fraa ( a rat bailie I 1 rai. laara war II raette Saiag tat aaa ta tba nir laalJaaav gia t a aaanbar af ! bie taw a4i4 I Ira af IVa Wal fteML a4 iht rooiaa ta a a aita4 by IM lead far it MM A ITaaa raMpaay M lb ltKtU ilry aaanrlalla. It WaS lag affile af etitrk raaiaaal era t II Urahaia aa4 Maer IraUaA. Tb twa ffiiUt4 firm Ka tana ar lb Batik aad rraaaa bwetaea af tb taal weed pawpla. bar purcftaaad lb (,'arajr aalury tYwam.rr eowiMay aad bate take) arer iha rwata af tb atlrtaa Craaaaerr ansap, btrs) recaatly re- tlr. . . OewBpea aaklar Oat, Tb Orahaas-lratasd raanblnalla) aa- rot la lad for Iha parrhaa af lb gwta lialry rocapnya bwaiaaaa oma anoatba ago. bat failed to coenpWKa lb 4aL It Is said that efforts bar baa mad ta aeuir tb DanuLsovs craaaaary and that bad tfcaaa ba aucreaeful lbs last link In a powarfal merger would have ba for sad. Tb Damaarua pwopla, however, according to report have . bald t agalnat eatertng lnt th rvmblaetlon. Maaagar Oraban of . the i-oniaea Dairy aaaooiallo) today denied that be bad vr sought to arura tn I'a jascus Craa mary but admit lad that b aad Mr, Ira I aad bad raad o art a res to tbo Bwlaa I wiry company. "X know of no contemplated Increase In tha prtoe ef 'milk and crram." de clared Mr. Graham. Hi contrary. I believe there will be a reduction In price. If ony change la made at att" , Mr. Oraham's denial that any merger Is being contamplsted, how.var, but tend to. Strang then th tMHefkthst a eoncarted movement la on foot to that nd. , - ' Assoclatioa rem ad. i ' Mr. Orahsm aald that h had. a(erd Into tha company of which he la now a member bocan a of-th fact that" he oduld not ewnplr with th pun milk ordinance whlla carrying on hi pfev loua email builneaa. Mr. Oraham aald: T found that to make my buelneas aanitary. an expenditure of thousands ef doll; would ba ncetttd. A tha Haselwood plant waa already equipped aan I tartly I found It advan tageous to form a buslneaa association whereby' I could have th u-of that plant . If there la to any publicity our company wanta a aquare deaL - We wera among tha flrat to back tha pub llo domand for a pure milk ordinance and In order to oomply with th ordi nance w had to apend thonaanda of ' ' a-riar aMWna fa a4a as pasrtry r-iia -a ta aa.Ua t-aJ.a af waa Mr tlravaaa a aatiaMttaa tkat Ike ipWw af ana a araaaa mt vati eeaataeM a eVamM star praaase a la war ' t fmr, raa I ear. aaa rM r1al af (a Or -aa rt la M talarla, ' at a-b a tnt rr b.te wi4 aajy bar ( ta iwww a. va4 by .r e f Ik. tialiaai tlat a aMTfr ta baaeg fwma-4. tr m w' far aa evt4al arl lb daalr a aiar l abaaw ta e4Hr. Maaagar T- fUM f lb aaaae eraaaiary ai.lad ikia anaralag Ika aa genataaas bad Wm saaAe with bla raay aere I Kaa a year ag by ike roa Wnetla, -. ka a aa4 rwfaa4 ta aali t. He aald laal lb raiiai af ta al tanraar bad b.a fwr Ik latsaaa- rw la I aaa atark far tia Bleat Sara-el atfcar craaasene bad tin aperaarbad wtib I Ha taak BwpMitta aeeardtng t taferat1ai paeeaeeid by Mr. Yeferh. bwt tb aoMller ewaipaala. tbawfb will lag I salt far cash) bar refused. Iha ef far af aiorb la a aiacsar. Tbal Ike eafareaeacst f th ur at:k rd Inane wtlt ta tba and. ateen a ir gar. Is tha apt alas f city Milk Cbesjttat Calloway. "Tb aaaallar eAenpaalaa." aald Mr. Calloway, "win find It ta eipanatv t pmo1t ranted bnUdlag to conform to the sanitary prwteloa f th draetie trnlk ordinance. Heretofore lhay bate aarapad baeaoa lb ordlnaaee. throush g terhakat omlaaion. gav ilitn lm-. nasally. Tba counrll reoantly amended the. eirdlnaa, bowavan, ao that Iha, health dopartmeat has tha power ta ra veka ll-naae af unsanitary craaraeriea. The 'ordlnanea bwcwma ffact!v In a weak and the milk laapecttoa d'part-' ment will then Inspaet all the dty rremariaa'and arer them according to law. Tha rraamerira war sror.d ut lummtr and niy three of tUrro wr found to ba up t the minimum 'nd. ard af cleanllnaaa. M't oould do notulng but make public the fact then, but df th recent amendment wa ean score tha rfeamerlea twice nod If they do not tf t!a th required score then, the health board hag power-to 1 put thewi out of: buelneas. This moans that the email. creameries' will eventually b absorbed p jr. the big ones." - . , . SUPPOSED SLAYER OF II TURKISH FORCES III ASHLAND 11 44 4 4 . 4 4 . 1 r?nttA. Wma Laea Wire. I - New ;,Tork, , Oct 27 Summoned it court to show , why their billion dollar combine" should not ba dissolved ,. be cause existing In defiance of" law, 1 the (Continued on Page Two.) r ' (Cnltfd Preee teased Wlre.l Kansas City, Mo Oct 27. -Formal ex ception was filed today by the defense -In the ease of Dr. Bennett Clark Hyde. on trial for the alleged murder of Col Thomas H. Swope and a number nis. reiauvea : oy,. putting typnoia germs in their food, to the decision of juage Fortemoia in overruling th de- Xense's motion to quash the second ve nir of talesman on the ground that th jury wheel waa Illegally revised.' Dm 1 . - . M orable ruling on their motion and? ao firmly had they" built their hopes on repetition, of their previous victory. In Which they secured the dismissal .of tha first psnel, thst they had interfered but little with the, venire already passed. The reault la that there are eight men now sitting lb the jury box whom tha defense has scarcely deigned even to question. Attorney Frank Walsh of th defense says, ha probably will challenge at least alx jurors, , Th second panel was exhausted yea terday and th tnlrd will be called to morrow. : Taking of testimony probably will 'begin November C - Warden Jof Nevada Pnson Sends Man to Bedside of. His Dying . Father. (Cnlted Pres teaeed Wire.) Reno, Nev., Oct.: 27. Racing against death 94 mllea over th hot sands pf deserts 'and skidding at lightning speed along tha brink of mountain precipices, in the warden'' . automobue, 1 Maroerx Christie, . a. convict in tha . penitentiary at Carson, reached this city in time to clasp his dying father In hla arma and the Joy of meeting has-probably aaved the father's life. - . ; . - ' The father is Constable John Chrl tie, -who waa atricken 111 with erysipe las and lung congestion and hourly was expected, to die. . All his family ex cent-Herbert gathered aoout tne tta aide. . expecting that the , end was near. Herbert 1 serving, a' term'. ii the pent tentiary at Carson for. cmbesslement during his term of. office aa city clerk of Reno; ' In hla lucid momenta the dy Ing man called Incessantly for his ab sent son and th mother telephoned to Warden Ray Baker, asking that the son be permitted to come to Reno and aee hla father before he died. Baker lm mediately put, hla automobile at the dls AS soon as .Constable Christie aaw his son be recognised blm snd rallied to auch an extent that the doctora hold out hope for hia recovery. I II: fl III I nl 111 I fl 1 1 IJ ill L I .. & lAiXJXiWiM f fflliLS mr 42vxw wll I IllKI TAWiWffr nlVkWMA).'? vuimi ti t iui w iiiiwni yiia i Li'iirr--iiiu . . - w ga-vi iiui itL- , wamsi M raum. , iAiira aafiirii iiiiiirt jiif... wMiwrii. jMiuuurmi i a i IYV a i. - . , w! I It tL II II ;f nP 'lltlL ri lBtflFtl JllkUWYVUV 1 I . I nmH n rvisA . a vi i ult" i-yi Kf?rf ni isfiiixSTrfv -ivmnxuiMi ' t- - - : ' t ' EXTERMINATED IN BATTLE AT TRIPOLI Nechiat Bey, Commander, Dies With His Men, According to Man Answering Description of Charles Swain Is Arrested j on Charge of Drunkenness; Sheriff Goes to Get Him. to Rome. i (Special to Tba Journal! v " Ashland, Or., Oct 27. A man answer ing th description of Charles Swain, wanted in Clackamas county on a charge of murdering John Thomas, near Ore gon City, waa areated ; here laat night by Night Watchman Magoon for drunk- ' A K I .k. im.- Reports of Encounter Sent I Tt' WM n9ltn - He was arraigned, before Juitioe of the Peace Hurt thia morning and ques tioned closely - regarding hia recent movements. He says he comas from the north and gives his name as Bab bitt and his age aa II. He was ac costed thia morning as "Mr. Swain" and answered promptlyt o the name, , but -when asked later about the' crime, he gave his name as Babbitt and denied: any knowledge of It : The - mail .. answers " the description sent out of Swain exactly except that his hair is quite gray. . He Is 9 feet tall, high shouldered, ' weighs about 178 pounds, is of slender build, 'with dark; gray hair whion was once niacic, nas sandy . mustache sprinkled - with , gray. blue eyes,- high - cheek bones, peaked face, and crooked nose. His fingers ere long snd stained from cigarettes.' He . got his clothing in a second hand store in Portland and is wearing a stiff hat Sheriff Mass of Clackamas will ar rive late this afternoon and take charge of the prisoner. -v.. t (Hnlted Prm IXsrd Wira.l London, Oct 27 NaChlat Bey, com mending the Turkish forces at Tripoli, and practically all his officers, iwer killed and two' thirds of his followers -were exterminated by the Italians In yesterday's battle, according to a Rome dispatch to the Central News. The mes sace quotes official ' telegrams ' rrora Tripoli to the Italian government London.-. Oct 27. Messsges today from Turin- say the Italian battleship Napoll sank , one Turkish battleship and damaged another near the entrance to the Dardanelles. , The dispatcher are unconfirmed, '- The- Italian censorship has reached ridiculous extremes, It being impossible to send even news of the Italian 'Vic tories in regular news dispatches. Even cable- messages are closely, scrutinised.' S.P. DIVISION TOWNS mediately put, ma automoDUe at the die- I " oZ? $t7jf XCS 'T U posal of the convict and the exciting '4 zScZfj a?, race- with dcth followed... - I tC.X i SAID TO BE CHANGED - Drain. Or.. Oct 27. Rumor Is current here today' that orders have been Issued by officials of the Southern Pacific company for a change of division polnta on the main line-of railroad between Portland and Ashland, the1 change to take place week from today. The rumored change puts the new division points at Albany, Drain, Glen dale and Ashland instead of at Junc tion 'City, Roseburg and Gt-ante-ra. Theae proposed new divisions. If es tablished, will be well-dlvl.ied ts to distance, each being ab'it S') m!!a In length, except from I'm hi t Glen dale, which Is about 1 0' m :s. MagazincFeaturcs Sunday's Journal amatstjws vrao warn BSCOMS &SAXi ACim-STS Careers of noted women who nw ' that from parlor stag to foot 1 lights Is often but a atep. jtTT-TW-a prf"Tr Interrld educators whi 1 en nohlv o Infuse new i.'e la t i t rminlne blav. ' wfit rictn TV r - ICa T&- SLiiAi:t 1 How.- bf tr. e-H Si I, .)..', tfc . - ' bn-I-t I' '