THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. V PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 23, 1911.
WX'V'fej yCV ' 111 J5 . 'WV r. i CASTLE-ROCK t J, 4$&" d
1?--i!i jfflr 1 tlJKf vSi KiVi 111 ' ""'"K CP Horn. another wonder W" f't :ff 'J'jX
NOCRiPa sSX y?tr"'"& V- !t mmj in tha shape of a long basalttc palisade r Bi,u-rIS--
VVA'V- YvJ i ilVt i i nr--" other of those fcieantlo rock, encoun- ltS!-rr .ir JfaZJ? Z? iS "
-S, ''X. 1 I ' tered In the Columbia. jwff? TSr -T '
m a i m a vb. mneu ar ana exauisne Deauiv. raiurr iri-t.'j' -" - . .. Murfw.
T-ir-vOOT W. i UAfV:41Vlu -. - ...... , . .. , 1 i t r - - ,. , . i
(itww 7 - man marnuuae or Kranaeur, says i-.y- i ' .w ti t m
Written for The Journal by Mabel
Ik Flske-Bassett.
IS said that very river has its
face; that one can enslly recognise
the Hudson, the Ohio, the Missis
sippi, the Columbia. This asser
tion soems especially applicable to
the Columbia, the mlRhty waters bear
ing; so many names the Wauna of the
Indians, the Oregon of poetry, the The
icayo, the Rio de los Reyes, the Rio
Estrachos, and the Rio de Agullar.
This lordly river winding Its majes
tic way through gentle valley land
clothed with a wealth and beauty of
tree that Is no stranger to the soil of
Oregon, or rushing through a mountain
gorge where each great bank vies with
the other to excel in beauty, presents
a scenic picture certainly unsurpassed
In all America.
The Hudson Is an attractive stream
and many easterners call It the most
beautiful river in America. But the
tlon In the world. So great became the
devastation that Speelyel, the god rul
ing over all, determined to interfere.
He tried by main force to conquer the
monster, but was vanquished, yet the
struggle resulted In a change in nature
Indians from the various parts. Ac
cordingly the Nes Perces, "great In
council and oratory." sprang from Its
head; the Cayuses, "powerful with the
bow and war club," from the arms; the
Kllckttats, "the runners of the land,
that he was little looking for. WlBh-Mfrom the legs: the Chlnooks, "noted for
poosh In his furious anger tore away their gluttony," from the abdomen; and
Shortly the sightseer passes the Cas
cades, where for five miles the river Is
so rough that transportation had to be
by train before the Cascade locks were
built The Indians offer an explana
tion of this unnavigable section. They
say that the spirits of two adjacent
precipice
feet.
Fanning Cape Horn, another wonder
In the shape of a long basaltic palisade,
one comes upon Rooster Rock, still an
other of those fcigantlc rocks encoun
tered In the Columbia.
"Rooster Rock Is distinguished by a
singular and exquisite beauty, rather
than magnitude or grandeur," says Ly
man in describing It. "It la only $80
feet high, but in form and color and
variation of rock and trees It Is th
most beautiful object on the river.""
An Indian legend including Rooster and transformed It to water, thus form
Rock, Multnomah Falls and Castle Rock inK what w- c,j 0lay Multnomah falls,
SrVSSADRcT OF THE
Is of more than ordinary interest.
Speelyel had two earthly sons, the In
dian maintains, both being in love with
goddess possessing remarkably long
the bank of a lake and the unfettered the Snake River Indians, from the hair -. -ui uuu uui - - men received
waters rushed down upon the valley and gore. Thus accord ng to , tne rea condition" Once there wi-T datura encouragement, consequently they were
.am, i en inruux.. w rasmng man. were vne brlAee acro89 th Bn1 th. Bnlrtt. greatly puzzled to know which the a
Huuji in me water me raauiK i:rrniuio vreRitn maaa. iiiuwu, in-cj . . - -
Thus to the Indian mind at least three
features of Columbia's beauty hold a '
tale of deep significance. 5
Mount Coffin, another "Memaloose" r
burying place of the Indians, situated .
near the mouth of the Cowlitz river,
and Pillar Rock, near a little fishing rU-
loosened still other lands. Lake after
lake was thus formed and the length of
a river progressed. When the waters
reached the Cascade mountains even
these great peaks could not withstand
Its pressure. Then It passed on to the
sea without further obstacle, and the
"Wauna," "The Great River of the
West," was for all time upon the earth.
seemed greatly drawn to the Columbia,
for It was along its banks tnat tney
mostly made their homesr.
The traveler will begin his Journey
down the Columbia at The Dalles, from
whl h point the chief beauty of both
scene and legend start. A short dis
tance below this picturesque city he
comes to the lava cliffs which remind
of these mountains, which are situated
on opposite banks, made use of the
bridge when they visited each other.
But one day Mount St. Helens became
very angry over some trifling difficulty
and In a spirit of revenge shook down
and "In the roar and splash of Its
waters can be heard the moan of a soul
enduring Its fate forever."
The sons of Speelyel were not thank
ful to their father for his Interference, iag further down the stream, are the
nd when he returned to them they for- chief points of Interest until the v-
malden Intended to favor. got themselves so far as to curse him, lumbla loses Itself In the ocean. , j
One day the father learned of the and they repeatedly threatened to incite pillar Rock stands out In the river .
difficulty and resolved with the consent the people to rebellion. It was now time quarter of a roll from land.. Indian 1
of his sons to compel the goddess to for Speeylel to become enraged, which gendry declares this rock to be th
make a decision in favor of one or else he did with a sad vengeance for the transformed body of' a presumptuous;
to reject them both. Accordingly he sons. One he condemned to everlasting chieftain whom Speelyel saw fit to pttfc
the bridge and let It lay obstructing the went to the young woman's home and life Inside of Rooster Rock and the other ish because he attempted to play til
But the conflict of the gods was not him of the time when the snow peaks
yet past, and still greater wonders about him were In action. The gods
were to grow out of it. Speelyel, find- made these lava beds, the Indian de-
Ing that he must resort to other meas- el a res, to wreak an everlasting . ven-
Hudson has no snow peak to add that t ,n tn vlctory Bnd belnff fuIly gpnnc; upon an offending individual.
same o perreci river scenep. g,nc, h,s opponnt wa8 devouring all lH "Memaloope," an island standing out t
But the Columbia should not be
famed for fts peculiar scenic grandeur
only, nor appreciated by the peoplo
along Its hanks simply for Its wonder
ful water power and its great fisheries.
It has an interesting history in ro
mance, a wealth of Indian legend, that
attracts equally the scholar and the
aborigine, and Is the onvy of those liv
ing along nfany a less favored stream.
Indeed these legends begin with the
very formation of the river itself, by
accounting for Its origin.
According to the Indian, long befere
the appearance of man, when the earth
was filled with "animal people" only,
Wlshpoosh, the beaver king, a creature
of stupendous size and corresponding
appetite, was causing much destruc-
river,
Part of this legend is plausible, for
not a great many years ago a number
of these mountains were in action, and
it is quite probable that an eruption of
St. Helens did In reality cause the fall
of a natural path across the Columbia.
In the great mountain reach of the
iver the swift waters break their way
through the mightiest range of the
northwest coast. And It la the only
he imprisoned In Castle Rock, where the part of Speelyel himself and I ml tat tlM
steep sides would preclude the possl- way to wading; across th Columbia,
blllty of "other spirits ascending to Further down one enters a portion t
him, or be descending to them." the river spreading over nine full miles.
After Speelyel accomplished his de- and the great F&clflo la not far and.
signs, however, he seems to have re- Passing the city of Astoria, where upon
gretted his extreme severity, for he at- th river's "ahipU flood all th navies
Speelyel quickly saw to it that the mal- tempted to somewhat modify conditions, of the world might rid at anchor," th
dn lost her life. Then he took charge His favorite son, the one consigned to traveler would be doubly fortunate in
of her body himself. He burled her Rooster Rock, he gave the power to deed should he reach h trysting plao'
fiercely announced his errand.
The maiden saw that further hesita
tion was impossible so she answered
him, "hiy ancestors were of the gods,
your sons of earth; the eagle mates not
with a dog."
She suffered for her scornful reply.
the fish, even to the whale, transformed n mid-channel. It was one of the In-
hlmself Into the branch of a tree and dian "death Islands," or burial places. rjver doing this the onlv river nartltie spirit in the earth, but btforo disposing prophecy to the passersby. . But he did of the river and th ocean la tins t
i luairu iicai uic muiipiri as nr iaj uio- n was ine lllulau ururi um, " tne lFUpOSlng Cascades. ThrOUgh Walls or ner lorill lie a:iuc 10 laltv lier urau- nui am quno du nliiuijr wim mo uum V1DW mt, VAijuioiia pivwn V SBBBn
jl t-uui no me vum- lne ny ine p.rii vl icwdc or majestic heights, bearing the Shanes tirui nair ana so arrange it mat n son. ne simpiy quicnencu ins nanm upon me sea, vnen u irDpninug
;lous state, nut tnat wnen and markg o many a battle with earth- should serve
porting In the sea.
clous Wlshpoosh devoured him
Then, in an unconscious
Inalili t t a haovor Stwolv( riliimiul hla n thav a rfMt Hnnned and , .
... uniiMieoo -' -- quaKe ana tempest, tne river passes
proper form and power and, taking his gang upon their graves, and even wan- throU(rh the part known to tne worid
ma so arrange It that It son.
as an everlasting warning so that for- diversion he
might hear waters array themselves in the gorge
sharp knife, he patiently cut at the
vitals of his enemy until all life had
disappeared.
Eventually the tide cast up the car
cass on the beach near the mouth of
the river. And now Speelyel faced an
other difficulty. How could "he dispose
aerea over tne wonu m i.. enu.v a tne Columbia river gorge. Through
enjoy themselves. There was no roan here a BCenlo Deauty 8ucn as lt wouid
among all the tribes who was brave DJ hard to excel ,n Rny flf the
enough to set foot on the island after globe greeta tne e Ca.Ue Rock 8t.
dark, for some venturesome warriors peter.s Dome oneonta Gorge. Multno
mah Falls. Cane Horn and Rnnaltr Rolr
disastrous. All save one were, dts- . known f(,atIlr1.
to all who venture to trifle with the af- through the massive wall of rock th hue of sky, and where th ships steal
feet Ions of others, so cutting lt off her voices in the storm above and In the silently about Ilk visitors from a pha
head he fastened It to the top of a cliff roar of the waters beneath. torn world.
All save one were, dts-
oi mis enormous noay i mil tne pron- patcnea oy me wn ...a Castle Rock, the first to com in
lem did not annoy him long. His great the weapons on their graves, i ne man , ,a h solitary cliff, extending
soon came to his aid escaping succeeded n swimming to . ,.rT- ,u
mm lie MUYincu n. ws.v ui ruuinK me biiuic, 11 in",
carcass in pieces and forming tribes of found dead.
It is Just being born.
t-p to the present, everything haa
been pretty much surmise. A great
many things have been supposed, and
a very few facts, or seeming facts, have
been discovered.
First of all great minds to discern the
primary law of breeding was Mendel, an
Austrian monk, who experimented mere
ly with plants. His theory of 'lnherit-
the experiments the children of pure
gray rats and hooded rats were always
gray. Never once did a hood appear
from the first mating. That showed
that, of the two breeds, the gray rat
whs the dominant, character and the
hooded-the recessive.
Then, when the gray children of the
first cross were mated with another, th
'recessive" characteristics cropped out.
a nee qf ancestral traits" la the founds- ,The hooded type manifested Itself on
an average or one to every three or the
gray. Through succeeding generations
the proportions remained constant
The experiment showed, too, that lt
was the older type that was dominant.
The gray rat literally comes down from
antiquity. He is the primitive animal
that may have existed before man.
There is really no way of telling how
old he Is.
On the other hand, the hooded rat is a
domesticated type. He has some hun
dreds, maybe thousands, of years back
of him. But when mated with his older
tion upon , which all , modern men are
working.
It Is not easy to explain Mendel's
theory without going Into a long and
tiresome scientific discussion. But, In
a purely general way, it may be said
that he discovered that, In the crossing
of plants, there were characteristics
which he termed "dominant." and "re
cessive," and that the "dominants"
cropped out In the offspring In the pro
portion of three to one of the "reces
sives." For Instance, of , the, second
generation two individuals showing only
every, three "dominants," even though
there were no "recessive" characteris
tics apparent to the eye. .
v It had always been supposed that
Mendel's law would work out in animals
Just as It. had in plants. But the gov
ernment experimenter desired to dem
onstrate this conclusively.
They began with rats. They crossed
the wild gray rat with the "hooded" or
resourcefulness soon came to his aid escaping succeeded
bearing a growth of stunted trees upon
Its summit and Its sides. One gets a
poor Impression of Its magnitude from
the water, for the high mountains of the
gorge apparently lessen its actual size.
Once, according to Indian lore, Wehat
polltan. a beautiful daughter of a chief
tain of this portion of the Columbia
land, wedded a ron of a neighboring
chief secretlyi Viecauso of her father's
disapproval. Bur the couplo did not
live In happiness ling. The girl's father
learned of their clandestine marriage,
and luring his son-in-law to his side
by promise of forgiveness, he slew him.
Shortly afterward the grief-stricken
young woman gave birth to a child,
whereupon her father ordered Its death.
His decree, however, did not remain
secret. Wehatpolltan heard of It and
resolved to foil h,m. With her precious
burden on her back 8hi fled. In some un
accountable way, to. the heights of Cas
tle Rock, and to the amazement of the
pursuing Indians they taw her resting
upon its summit. At last her repentant
and frantic father, falling In finding
any one to scale the perilous rock, un
dertook the task himself. He never re
turned. The Indians last caught sight
of his body n a crevice of the rock
close to the top.
Today when the Chinook wind passes
poftly up the rivr the Indian ear will
catch heart rending walls from th
spirit of their unhappy and most un
fortunate Wehatpolltan.
Oneonta Gorge, a narrow torrent part- v
Ing the tall cliffs on the south bank, is
another close by attraction. The river
begins to widen and the mountains
lower to more modest altitudes. Never-,
theless the traveler finds himself sweep
ing towaid waterfalls that are higher -
results.' ; - -thla Illimitable subject, they at least ,na mora beautiful thaa any passed, anov
Among the latter, as before stated, promise a few trustworthy conclusion Multnomah, th peer of them ell, stands
Is Or. .Sohroeder, as th work don by and the consequent elimination of a few in their midst on the Oregon bank, Ita
the government investigators with false dootrln aparkllnt: water leap down v tre-lacd
The New Cow and the Progressive Pig Continue J from Page 1
might be closer to the truth to say that nothing but gray rats. And all through guinea pigs discovered no apparent 111
errects rrom mating orotner witn sisier
for nine or ten successive generations.
It may be well to explain that this Is
thoelosest Inbreeding that can be prac
ticed. Even when father is mated with
daughter, or mother with son, there Is
always lnfus-ed the blood of another
parent. But in the. case of brother or
sister, there are no other elements to
be taken into consideration. The blood
Is bred down in absolutely a straight
line.
As the government investigators
pointed out, there are three forms of
mating:
Cross breeding, In which two dlverso
pure breeds are mated.
Line breeding, which Is the mating of
more or less remotely related members
of the same breed.'
Inbreeding, or the mating of very
closely related animals.
Of the three forms, the one that
promises least, for practical use. Is
cross breeding. At various times the
hope has been held out that It prom
lares animals of new type and of greater
the "dominant" characteristics might .relatives, he is merelv a recessive char-
toe mated. And In the third generation acter. He shows, what experienced
there would appear one "recessive" for breeders have maintained, that In breed- usefulness than the existing ones.
ing nothing is ever lost; the less power
ful Is merely subordinated; lt gather
force and crops out some time. '
After the proof of the Mendellan the
ory came Inbreeding. Regarding this
there has always been a diversity' of
There are thousands of conjectures, pre
sumptions sad opinions. But real, re
liable facts are scare;. For that reason
the government experiments, . now In
their Infancy, may mark a new ra in
the. production of farm . tuocK of all
kinds. They are beginning at the bot-
opinlon. ,8ome have maintained that It
leads to partial sterility, degeneracy torn, and they are as thorough and r
and even insanity.. Others claim that, liable as human beings know bow to
when ther are no undesirable faults to make them. In all th maze of conflict-
house rat, th latter a nice tame fellow, be perpetuated,' Inbreeding haa no evil ing statements that greet students of
wno get nia name rrom' nia black head,
'which give th appearance of a hood.
Then th first peculiar thing devel
oped. From th crossing1 ther cam
rVhere Coos Bay People Enjoy Summer Life in th Open
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