la
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, . PORTLAND,' SUNDAY ' MORNING, MARCH 5, 1911.
IN TIMLi OF
WAR? IS
Chief of Staff of United States Army While Silent on Subjects of Possible Future Wan Is Firm BelieTer fat
Washington's Policy of Preparedness -Increased National Responsibilities Pemand Increased Military
. . Vigil anoe Spanish War Was Profitable Venture From Humanitarian Standpoint.
Major. General Leonard" Wood.
General Wood Is 69 years old, a
rati ve of New Hampshire. He was
graduated - from Harvard Medical'
school in 1884 and holds LU'D. as
well as M. IX from that college,
and degrees from Willlama and the
.University of ,: Pennsylvania. Ho
married Miss Louisa A.- Condlt
Smith In Washington in 1899. Ha
was appointed an assistant surgeon.
V. B... A." in 1888. and. after var
ious promotions, was made colonel
of the Roueh Riders (First United
8ta tea cavalry), at the outbreak of
the Spanish war. Of this regiment
Theodora Roosevelt was lieutsaant
olonel. In July, of the war year,
ha was mads a brigadier for gal
. lantry and In December waa pro
moted to a major generalship of
'volunteers. "In 1801 fie became a
' brigadier In the regular army and
was promoted to his major general
ship In. 1908. He was awarded the
congressional medal of honor in
1898 for distinguished conduct in
the campaign. In 1888, against the
Apaches, while serving as medical
and -line of fleer -of -Captain after
wards General Lawton s expedition.
From December 12, 1899, until the ,
transfer of the government to the
Cubans, he served as military gov
ernor of Cuba, and, since tthen, he
baa served much in the Philip
pines, part of the time aa governor
of Mora -province. 1 a 1 948-09 - ha -commanded
the department of the .
east in the .United States, and was
appointed chief -of-staff, U. S. A
in the latter year.'
. v By Edward Marshall.
(Copyright 1911 C. J. Mar, Publishers'
. si". 4 . Press.) .
, General Leonard Wood floes not ex
' pect war, but believes our army should
be strengthened aad explained Just why
i- to -raef- the-other- day ; in - Washington,
. , after having "made the startling state
ment that our war with Spain had yleld
t - ed a great profits It costs us many
lives, through wounds and sickness, but
it has saved more than tt cost, by large
, percentages; It coat as " vast treasure,
., bat will eventually add far more to our
nation's; wealth than we ,( spent on it.
The general ' results , of It, bave, there
fore, been upon the right side of the
-' ledger for ourselves and for humanity
' in general. He stated, definitely, that
the Philippines have been pacified, and
,' that he looks for fine returns from our
, , investment there of treasures of both
gold and gore and Urns and trouble.
, . . This ils,- what he said about Japan,
and ; if; any one who reads it falls to
- feel convinced, I cannot help it.
"Are we In danger of aa Asiatics war r
. I asked..;::-r;?;,-'Vrvn, i';r
. It may have been the soldier In him
. which . replied,' It may hays : been fho
diplomat.i:.V'Vl;;.;:,:.;';iV'i...-" -n.
, V "Of course not."
Ar ws in danger of ' a war with
; anyone?" . : .':.,),. .... r--
" "Equally of course there is always a
- ' possibility of war." said he., "Our oc
cupation of ths Philippines and ths
' Hawaiian Islands, our possession of and
, our. development of Alaska, as well as
our. great responsibilities in' ths Carib
' bean sea, incident o. our ownership of,
xunw ico, nave greatly increased ths
possibilities of friction between the
liinea. estates ana other nations."
"What other nation in partlcularf
1 ' t im . general : had v been so ... absolutely
4 prompt in hie denial of the danger of
' a battle with Japan, that
"I am speaking of the world in gen
eral," he replied, and smiled, "and not
- s ui any nation in particular!.. . ;
so much for that. I found it inter
esting to; note that the a-onersl could
searciMr be induced" to ; uss the word
; Japan," at all, in the course of the
wnois interview. . ;
. He went on- slowly: "These things
have greatly, increased the possibilities
or war." he said, "and while the voice
of the United States is always and
should always be heard in the Interests
vi international peace, we should none
the less, remember ths precept of George
Washington." ; ,
t wnicn oner ,-; -
: , "In time of peace " prepare, for war."
( . ow soon may we expect war?"
, uenerai , wood emphatically . dlsap-
v.ro me worcung or my question and
refused to answer It He did say this.
. "In olden times when th in ..
nlshed the only, motive power. for ships,
the oceans were real barriers, but in
,i these days of steam engines which will
drive ships st great a Deed for the trana.
port of both armament and men, ths
, sea, instead of offering a barrier fur-
niones xne readiest conquest and the
Bimpiest means or assault to an enemy.
r m uieseays may come very sud
denly." . . , f-. . , . ,.
I took It that he said this in reply 40
ijr previous question, but ha promptly
disavowed this when I suggested it
."I am not answering your question."
he said, very slowly. "I am merely
stating general facts without a con
' ' c reference." Then he went on,
still speaking very carefully and plain-
wry mucn in earnest.
"Wars come suddenly in thm
fnd when thy come, are costly both
i ii uu u ensure.
The Japo-Russlan war cams sudden
ly," I suggested.
He made no comment on this state
ment other than to say. keeping strictly
, , --( ime ne naa adopted:
" A.?u,?k attack gives advantage to
ine-atwcunr party. That is a simple
Principle Of wrf a ta" "
Then, after a noticeable pause:
1 1 Quick attacks will come less fre-
?rTwLUn,d. I"" C08tly 10 th
ZIZ .uh ,B,bMt prPar0 to meet them
wnen they do come,"
"Could we, today, put into the field
. an army adequate to really afford a
" tuScear"1 defensc lt we 8h0ull be at
I had in mind, as I asked this, the
remarkable statement made a few
wk, inc Jy Mr.. Huldekoper. who
nm9? rmy to b Inefficient;
Z u J11 nierce criticiam pub
U? 1?t i"enth a ln ths. World's
i , . .. , work, and half a dosen verbal argu
ments, all trending similarly, which I
' nd..n,lr, mong Important men here
, In the r capltoI..; I . hoped the general
'IM th' tsr up deUU and
either affirm or deny the Justice of the
. ; ., criticisms. ;.;..-,
f :fKf;v:V-;, Woo Dlsonsses VUas. '
i " B"te didot reply in detail. He
v spoke. Instead, of divers plana which,
st the time, wore before congress. Be
., caus this article muat go by mall and
' B0! F,y t,e"rPb., being an "interview,"
' M wsAJt is difficultto use here
what ; he said about this subject for
before these words; srs .printed the fed
eral pay bill, ths extra officers bill and
- ths volunteer bill.' the, three meaeures
ttpon which he and the other mill tarv
- mam Of ;th Tountfy Hef thrgreate
, store, this, winter.: will probably have
, met their fates, of oca kind Or anntlief
victory or defeat. But his synopsis
r.f them, if they be made Into lawe, wtU
bs illuminating and if they be defeat
t trthey are certain to he brought up
PLAGL PRLPARt FOR
GIjNLRAL WOOD'S THEORY
General Leonard Wood, chief of
staff, U. S. A.
again, and so. In any case, cannot fall
to be of interest. The country ought to
know Just what be favors, for he, under
the president, of course, is our military
head, and his convictions, while not
universally indorsed by all the officers
of. all-the army, are. generally speak
ing, the convictions of our land fighting
force. , , ,
The general onxtra officers bill,"
he said, "was drafted to provide. 612
additional officers, ths proportion Of
ranK to ne the same as that running
through the army at the present time.
Of these officers It is proposed to de
tail izs to tne muitia, at tns rateor
one each to a squadron of cavalry,, and
one each to a regiment of infantry; and
a battalion of field artillery. The de
tail Is to last for four years and the
officers are to set, under the general
supervision of the regimental com
manders, as Instructors of the regiment
with which' they have been assigned to
serve. At the end of four years they
are to be returned to the regular serv
ice and replaced by. others. We believe
that such a course, would result,- ln a
few, years, ln a greatly Improved mili
tia, and we believe, that the - officers
wouldfhring back freiu the 'militia to
the regular service a certain, amount of
the civilian, viewpoint which would be
a good "thing for us and help lis to un
derstand, much better than we do, con
ditions existing outside Of the stand
ing army, . ;. .. .
"There are now,' roughly speaking,
about 160 regiments of Infantry-among
the organised militia throughout the
country., These, with "their troop cav
alry, and artillery'; flelit . rosters. 'u bring
the Wtal, of militia lap to about 129,000
men. - Under this, scheme each -officer
assigned from the1 regular army to an
infantry regiment in the National Guard
would have an audience of 60 officers
and 800 men.. The instruction of so
many by one trained officer would
make the plan a good Investment for
tne United Btates; the- nation would
be getting handsome value in return for
the money represented by the pay and
allowance of the single officer. The
Plan ts to, provide these officers by as
signment from West Point' aDnolntment
from civil life and detachment from the
regular, army, and to avoid ths admis
sion into the service in a single year
of a largo number of green officers, by
spreading the increase over a period of
live years. - .
"Ths mill tla law, as it has stood. Is
known aa the Dick law, because of
Senator Dick's great Interest in it, and
ibs requires me reaerai government,
before calling for, volunteers, to. take
into too . service joZ ths United States.
as part, of the first line, the entire or
ganised militia, rank and file, generals
and colonels; rhus,4 you see, it is In
cumbent upon us to do everything pos-
sioie 10 renaer tnis force highly effi
cients This plan would accomplish that
we think."
There came Into my mind, aa wn W
talking, a picture of some of ths state
troops wno were sent down to Cuba,
auring tne Spanish war. I saw these
troops m camp, ln .the United State.
suffering horribly and dying off like
fllea, largely through the ignorance of
their officers snd their own ' lack of
rudimentary military training; I saw
inem in a hostile and unheaithfui mud.
try, where their sufferings Increased
and mads the nation suffer. Side by
side with them, In: home camni an a in
Cuba, I' saw regulars enduring readily
and without discomfort the same .hard
ships, which so prostrated the volun
teers, ana anerward I read ln renord.
of the superiority of regulars ln battle
over ; volunteers, as volunteers were
men. in-iass our volunteers wtr ri
Its to us In one detail onl tha.tof
patriotism. UDaervers down In Cuba,
and, in the early days, out In the. ls-
lanos, looKea wun pity rather than r-
spect upon their training and endur
ance. - "Would the method you have outline
make ths 'mllltla. efficient In oomparl-
wn reguiarsr- 1 asiced the gen.
eral. .
QnaUfiOatlons of a Oood Soldier.
wouia help to." he renlled. "T
would help . to make good soldiers of
mem, ana Derore a man can be a. raiiv
good fighter he must have learned to
be a really good soldier. . There are
many things besides mere bravery re-
quuea 01 a gooa soldier, even many
things besides good officers, good main
tenance and good equipment and most
of these -may be included in the two
wordscompetent-tratnina Anntms
to be of the best efficiency, must know
as well how to preserve his own life aa
how to take that of the enemy. As
President Taft said, when secretary of
war: ;'Assnredly we have no-right as
a nation, to ask out citisens to expose
themselves In war without reducing
i-uancQ ot ueam ana aisesae as
much as possible by , a thorough mili
tary education of the -officers who sre
fft lean ' V
'But in the draftlnar of th iriio.
tloo which was submitted to this con
gress, we felt that we were taking what
waa, perhaps, the lonaest ste-0 tovi
real efficiency, in our. preparations for
nanona aerense i wnen we drew what
has been designated as the-council of
national defense bill. .It was planned
With the idea Of esUbllshlntr a rtoftnu.
military, policy. The councU to be estab-
Ihejuded the, secretariea of .th naw
and of war, the chairmen of the senat
and house, mmtary, naval and appropria
tions Vonnilttees, the cheta of staff
of the arm y and .the navy and the presl-"
dents of the war colleges of the two
aeryicea. une duties of jthls council, as
provided by this bill, ars to consider
all general problems of a military char
acter affecting the TOllcy of ths United
States, afloat and ashore.
"It must be evident to even a casual
thinker that . when a measure Is Intro
duced in congress, backed by 'the ex
pert oplnlon-f a council of this kind,
it Will be entitled to and wUl receive far
greater consideration - than ' measures
preaented with the backing only of pro
fessional naval and military men upon
whose ideas and.projects congress is apt
m 100K wun suspicion, rearing tnat mey
may represent the ideas of enthusiasts
rather , than projects which are abso
lutely necessary. After the establish
ment of this cpuncll it will be difficult
for either, service to deviate from the
general lines of policy adopted by It,
and. both services will be relieved from
all responsibility at steering legislation.
Under - this system -every approved
measure-wiU-4efuUyndertood-by-sIx
men in congress, each of them the head
of a committee, and by two men in the
president's cabinet. : Thus- the sponsors
for such measures would be ln the pro
portion of eight civilians to four mili
tary men, and cost the public nothing
except the hire of the committees
clerk. v Besides, we think, doing more
than 'anything -which, has been done to
bring about a consistent and continuous
military policy, 'this last would be of
great assistance to the army and navy
in enabling them to shape their esti
mates and make their general plans with
foresight and understanding.
"The federal pay .bill was drafted tt
provide for - officers 'and men of tho
militia who attain the standard of effi
ciency set by the war department in the
performance, of duty, by the payment of
sums varying ln the case of the general
staff of the militia from 6 per cent of
the pay of general officers In the army,
to. In the case of enlisted men In the
mllltla, 26 per cent of the pay of en-
nsiea men in the army, neither officers
nor men or tne militia who do not at
tain the standard, set by the federal
government and perform 85 oer cent of
the prescribed duty, to be given any pay
wnaiever, xnia, it seemed to the bill's
sponsors, wduld make an officer or an
organisation which was - not granted
federal pay, known aa inefficient and
thus, by means of pride, offer a stimu
lus additional to that afforded bv the
services of the federal officers and the
federal pay. As' spon as every regiment
of state mllltla attained the standard
of efficiency required, and performed
the maximum Of service required, the
government would be paying out from
16,600,000 to 87,000,000 a year, but It
would be getting, ln return, the assur
ance that it had behind It a trained
army of 120,000 men In addition to its
regular standing army.
-t-Would Develop Marksmanship.
"Another bill was looked upon with
really great .interest by this department"
It authorised the provisloif f arms and
ammunition to organizations, rifle clubs
and various public schools throughout 1
the country, for the purpose of teach
ing club members and youngsters how
to shoot. Ability to shoot, we must ad
mit Is one of the most Important fea
tures of a soldier's efficiency and one
which lt takes much time to acquire.
"In these days of sudden wars and
constant preparedness for wss on the
part of almost all great" nations, we
should, if we were unexpeetedly In
volved In one, find, this ability among
our peopie aimost wnony. wanting. We
are not, now, as we once were, a na
tion of good marksmen. Tha (lift ft& VU
of frontier fighting and the daily use
01 me ruie 10 procure food have passed,
and only a very small proportion, even
of the people of our western states,
know anything about the use of fire
arms other than, perhaps, a pocket
pistol or a shotgun. We - must be
trained In time of peace. Personally I
am a thorough believer ln rifle practice
as a part of public-school education,
and I would combine lt with enough
military exercises to; prepare the young
sters, in some measure, for the execu
tion of that most sacred of a citUen's
duties, intelligent participation In his
country's defense ln time of war."
"Has any country, now, a system of
this sort ln operation?"
"In France the national government
gives great encouragement and assist
ance to rifle practice. In Switzerland
the interest is general, even compul
sory. In Austria the matter is receiv
ing close attention. In England a most
enthusiastic sentiment has been' aroused
in favor of this, particular line of train
ing. If we do not take some step of this
sort, it will be all nonsense for us to
talk about our Immense .latent military
resources. In the case of a modern
war, unexpectedly declared and rapidly
developing, these 'latent resources'
would Je about as useful to usassn
ondug gold mine In Alaska would be
to a poor man hunting credit down in
Wall Btreet ln a crisis. In either of
these cases time would be needed for
the development of the asse,t."
"Have the mllltla, without any of
these Improvements, become more com
petent since 1898, than they were at
the outbreak of the Spanish warr'
"As the law now stands volunteers
cannot be called for until aftar h.
Lmllltla have been mustered into service.
cuice tae apanisn war there has been
great general improvement ln the civil
tan soldiery. The war department has
talSen a far greater Interest in it- than
It did before that war. Instmoftnn hp.
been comprehensive. Instruction camps
more frequent and maneuvara simulat
ing actual warfare have been held on
one occasion. Camps for the Instruc
tion of mllltla officers are now of fre
quent pecurrence. and at these camps
large numbers of the men are nut
through short but carefully nrenarert
courses under the tutelage of selected
regular officers."
Would the volunteer
of the Spanish war be repeated if war
should suddenly break out now?"
"No. The Instruction by jnembers of
the regular army has extended tn h
medical officers of the militia.
in fact, the war denartmant
been making a sustained
effort to reach very branch of the
im im, wi hi v lew to-rendering-ltss
efficient as possible, and tha
questions Involved in the problem of
how we can best make preparations for
a possible war are being carefully con
aidered by the general staff of the
army." '
I pricked up' my ears. "Tou do a-r.
pect war, then?' ' - .t
So war la Sight.
There Is no war in siaht." m th.
general, with mphasls, "but of course
we feel, a I have wild, that in the tlma
of peace, .we should prepare even for
unlikely? future j possibilities.? - ; ,1 ;
t Ha Vint received , this Btatemenf with
profound attention and respect I asked
menf , - , V " I
aviiw.at buvui iiib oov-sroiir mnr. .
"It Is an excellent !idea.'V he f a.
sponded, "for it tends toward 'the mak-
lng of better boys. , Its nrinclnia. irl
nxn T . . ,, I
'ead
uiruuKnout uie country. It; nnt nnl.
tends toward military ,effJclney li) the
rising g?rieratlon,but it stimulates real
patriotism." - . .
Inasmuch as It was aulte Imnnaniht.
to get from him SO much aa a, faint hint
of confirmation of : be thought -which
undoubtedly is nagging very mind ex
cept Champ -Clark's (he aaya ths
thought, that we will ever fight ijJapan
Is most absurd, and says it very earn
estly, apparently), . I asked the general
aoout other matters upon which his
views are 01 importance. First - ws
talked about the Spanish war. ' That
according to bis view,' was a, profitable
enterprise, and it is hard to find an
argument, .off hand,, to controvert him
with, He argues that it cost ua many
Uvea, through' wounds and sickness, but
tnat it savea us more lives than it
cost; he admits it cost vast sums In out
poured treasure,- but he confidently
states lhat lt will -addj eventually, to
our national wealth, much mora than It
coat. His statements made ws think
of t what an eminent historian had said
to me witnin a TweeK:;;;.'c; -r ;?, si.
v "Wars begun for worthy objects have
always brought humanity large: prof it
Modern wars are almost always of this
character, I recall few of importance
slhcs our Civil , war which have not
been." . , . ;
, Spanish War a &!fe gaver.
And General Wood said:
"The lives our war with Spain cost
us, cost Spsin and cost the Philippines,
sink into lnslgificance when We com
pare their, number to the number of
the : lives Indirectly or directly saved
through it ; Tou know what ' we did
with yellow fever ln Havana.",
; Fdid know, for during aome of the
months of battleWlth the plague, dur
ing the American occupation of the is
land, I was down there and familiar
with the work, step by step, aa it went
on. it was tnat work which- constituted
what will - remain, : perhaps, Leonard
Wood's greatest service to his country,
no matter it heights and wins a war
with yellow men for us; it-was that
work which gave us Gorgas, the great
sanltationlst of the Panama canal sone,
whoso labors have made the big ditch
possible to mb, although It waa impos
sible to France, That Gorgas had ths
opportunity to develop hla ability , was
owing to the fact that Wood wss not
only soldier but physician, progressive,
highly scientific, deeply, interested ln
sanitation and all kindred subjects. 1
The early 'years of our Cuban occu
pation, although the term "military"
was, of course, applied to them, and
with propriety,- were really years espe
cially of sanitary occupation. The the
ory that mosquitoes were the carriers
of the yellow plague came into being
while they were In progress, and
through General Wood, although he
would deny this. I am sure, the world
was given its first really large oppor
tunity to prove it, demonstrate It and
apply it on a large, Important scale.
Conditions were ideal for this progres
sive man to work In. Cuba had been
the breeding place whence nearly all, If
not every one 'of the epidemics which
had scourged us for long centuries has
spread to the United States, and In
Cuba, for another purpose, we had sta
tioned a large force, not too fully
occupied to give ,thts matter close atten
tion under ths general guidance of this
commanding general who had - been a
progressive army doctor. The result
was that the yellow fever as a plague
was practically wiped from the earth.
Wherever It has been, epidemic and
white, men now are ln authority,' the
work ef the extermination of mosquitoes
has gqna bh, and, 'just in, proportion as
it has gone on So has ' the plague de
creased, iff-v...-., .
"How many llyes did the war with
Spain cost us?" I asked.
"I don't know, exactly, but not very
many, aawars go."
"What was ths annual loss of life
from yellow fever in the countries from
which ws have banished It, including
the , West Indies, our. own southern
States and the Panama canal sone?"
Nelthar do I know that' exactly, but
the total, could I give It would be
very, great "
1 ""Aa great as the total- of lives lost ln
the war?" u ;-
"Greater by- many times."
I asked him then especially about the
Philippines.,.- y .
Improved Conditions in Philippines.
"I left the Philippines two years ago,"
he answered, "but I was out there for
a number of years long enough, I think,
to get a falrv idea of things, to learn
the people somewhat to" learn the condl-
tlons 'under which they had Uted before
we took possession, to see what we had
done already to help them, and to form
a good Idea of what can be and what
will be done In future.', ' -
"We have given our small "brown
brothers' some good gifts. Our occupa
tion of the Islands was born of force
and warfare, but IS yielding fruit of
peace, prosperity, contentment prog
ress, and, definitely, health and longer
life to their inhabitants. - The aggregate
of years which sanitation, as we have
Introduced It, has added to the years
of the islander. Is vastly greater than
the aggregate of years which they were
robbed of by the war through death
from wounds - and from disease. And
disease must not be counted, anyway,
among their casualties of warfare, be
cause they lost no more from it in war
time than they had been losing ln the
days before we went there.
l'So.warwas really beneflcient In this
case. It has cost us something, it has
cost them nothing; they,- Indeed, have
made a profit from It, and. assuming
that we gain nothing from it, which,
of course, I think a quite absurd as
sumption, their gain has been so great
that from a broad point of view the
world Is still immensely benefited.
"Let us sum up, to. make the state
ment broad and general, what the act
ual results were of the Spanish war,
setting aside, wholly, the matter of
finances, which will adjust Itself, In
course of time, upon the right side of
the ledger. , . , .
-i'lt was. as I have said, two years
a go, when I left the Islands. I was, how
ever,', long enough a resident of them
to make quite certain that we have done
tnere a splendid work for civilization:
ana, mererore, ror humanity' It is aot
ual missionary work, is it not, to drlvo
out savagery?' Well, ln the Islands we
have driven it lbto the past and have
so taught the islanders that should we
now withdraw they never would revert
to their old modes of life. Whatever
they have learned of rlghland fairness,
decency and cleanliness, outside of a
few sections, has been carried to them
by the Yankeea injchakl or by American
civil, servants who have gone with them
or followed them.
"The mere. Increase of population
there shows what our sanitary work has
done. We are still at this and working
mereiore, snau ao much more.
In former days the population was an
nually swept by epidemics and a tre
mendous loss of life was due to lack
t medical attendance and the total ig
norance of the masses of the population
of the simplest rules of hygiene,' medi
cine and surgery.
"And there is a chance that there may
come to the who(e world as the result
of this occupation, a greater gift than
the extermination' of the yellow '"fevr,
the resGK orour Cuban oreimatton hn
peon, uur .medical men out in the Isl
ands have very seriously taken up. tho
study of Asiatic cholera and are surely
making progress in thisf wnric. '; l-hara
! is, indeed, good reason to believe that
.... ..n, ... .
wm ". avs aemonstrated 'a real
remedy for this greatest of. all Scourges.
I do not say this without actual reason.
The serum already in bur possession has
proved Itself of decided valn in .
hee ewparteieMa--arsn-yrtsS8wh1(!fl
unoouDteaiy wui add to thlsr Imagine
what the ultimate benefit to the whola
world would be from a remedy for
cholera! - Instantly the losses from the
greatest war which ever has been fought
would be completely overshadowed, and
our-, losses from ' Gun little fight 'with'
Spain and the nagging but noV really,
very-costly struggle with, ths natives
of the islands sink into insignificance.
No one has ever made a really accural
estimate pf the annual-cost of cholera
ln human life, .but a fair guess would
charge up to . this plaguu a great death
total vast enough to "make the brain
reel, '.-i'.''" 4 s::?'- -i
"Another and most beneficial result of
our occucatlon of the islands has been
the discovery of a remedy for rlndepesti,
adlsease affecting Filipino cattle, as
well as those of other sections of the
world. This, because in the islands the
peopla are dependent . upon cattle not
only ror sucn staple articles of food as
Are derived from them by every naMon,
but for draught, animals, amounted.
when. almost annually. Jt became ep.
demic, to a. great disaster thera t The
study of the disease by representatives
of our agricultural department and the
amy medical men has resulted in Its
practical extermination, a consummation
which would have been long, indeed. In
coming, had old time conditions in the
Island been . permitted to endure un
changed.", . . , . " 1
- nilpinos Beooxning yaolfled. ' .
And the Filipinos are being oacl-
J.10UI . . .V
. .... .. -, . ... i'. J
I have lived nearly six years In the
Islands and feel convinced of that I
am confident hat the sentiment among
tne great DuiK or the people there la
moroTtriendlyan-wasHT'-indeed.
most friendly now. ; They are , really
appreciative of the work which we have
done 1 toward ; their advancement, oar.
ticularly of our - sanitary - and educa
tional work among them. 'Aside from
practically wiping out the rlndepest and
other- diseases among cattle, we have
done, much toward bettering general ag-
ricuiturair-conditlona ithroughout - the 1
lawnasva--Tno lnveatlgatlona of 'the
bureau of solence have been carried on
With r great, energy and great intelli
gence, and much has been accomplished
ln the way of increased productivity,
better methods and the more compre
hensive utilization of jjati ve agricultu
ral products." V,V ',';!-.: .;V:.
"la time, then, if we.keeD the lslanda
their citisens , wilt become loysl and
enthusiastic American citizens?"
"Why not? in every way the masses
of the people are more prosperous, more
healthy, and therefore, . happier than
they ever wore before.":,: : ;;.;v-:is;
Do they make good soldiers r
Both ln ths scouts and the constab
ulary they have shown great interest in
their work and high intelligence. Yes
they make good soldlera.Tbeyare
small, trim looking, energetic to ths
limit of their capacity and ta,ke very
kindly to the military profession. Some
of the natlvo officers show surprising
capability. The rank and f Us are readW
ly susceptible to discipline, very partic
ular aoout tneir appearance, loyal to
their officers and plucky little fighters.
Their esprit Is excellent Their cost
of maintenance is reasonable. Being
born to the climate of the Islands, and.
therefore, not demanding those extraor
dinary attentions "Which ths American
soldier, sent there, must be given ln
order to keep him ln good condition,
they can be maintained at a much smal
ler cost than soldiers from home states
incur there. They are not physically
as strong as .our American soldiers,
though, and their equipment must be
lighter v and their baggage allowance
smaller Ons of the principal things
which we have-had to guard against
Indeed, Is giving them too much of a
burden to bear. , It is Impossible to keep
them effective If wo surround them
with such Impediments as may readily
be Imposed upon the American sol
dier."' "Would they fight for us if Japan
-"
.He waved me Into silence.
Exterminating the Rook Worm.
, :'f8o' much ,for the . Philippines;; We
have accomplished more- ln the West
Indies than the extermination of yel
low fever. In Porto Rico and certain
Other of those islands, but principally,
perhaps, in Porto Rico, the work of
our medical officers la the study,
treatment and cure of 'hook, worm' dis
eases has resulted not only in a vast
saving of human life, but an improve
ment which amounts to a revolution in
the energy and physical force 0? the
Inhabitants.,". ... V t
'(tWHook.worm la a. peculiarly Insidious
disease, often showing few if any symp
toms other than a general disinclina
tion to effort which could readily, and
not biamabiy, be attributed to pure
laziness. The Spanish surgeons ln the
island in the old days, did not recognize
It as a disease, but merely put the
k . . . . , . . . ..
natives uuwd , Hiuuient oeyona an
measure of excuse, and treated them
accordingly.' Practically the entire pop-
ulsttwnr-was affected by the ailment
which not only cost many lives, annually,-
but, as I have said,, seriously af
fected the economic usefulness of a
large portion of tho population. Dr.
Bailey K. Ashford was the leader of
the crusade against hook t worm In
Porto Rico, and statistics show that as
a result of his work not less than 16,
000 lives have been saved and many
times that number, who would have
been, through Illness, burdens to them
selves and their associates, - hae been
preserved, not only as useful and pro
ductive citizens, but as comfortable
and therefore happy citizens.
The work done' by Ashford and his
conferes there in Porto Rico has also
been fit a vast benefit to the people of
some of our southern states, where, un
recognized, the disease had for years
existed. Indolence was in olden days
considered a characteristic of southern
people, but we know now that much of
what seemed Indolence was the result of
Infection with the germ of this disease.
Its discovery can be directly traced to
our small war- with- SpalnA-It would
have come sooner or later probably, but
was hastened by the fact that through
the war a corps of trained medical ob
servers waa thrown Intn Pnrtn x
eager to study and correct such evils as
existed. .That therefore, makes another
boon conferred upon humanity by our
attack on Spain. , .
Making the Isthmus Sanitary,
"Another and a vast one exists upon
the Isthmus. It Is impossible to esti-1
mate its value. Without the knowledge !
wnicn we gathered in the yellow fever
work ln Cuba, the construction of the i
Panama canal mlrht well have bean a
task If not Impossible of consummation, I
men certainly so difficult and costly as
to make Its present Difficulties and its
present cost seem small. It was the
presence on the Isthmus of the yellow ,
fevermore than any other causs which
made the, work impossible when Francs '
attempted it. - The plague destroyed the
French like flies. Our sanltatlonlsts.
some of. them trained In Cuba and In
Porto RIoo, and ths others with ths
knowledge, and experience of these men
to draw upon, have been able to oreaerva
the workmen on the old time deadly '
iBiuiuua in v 03 gooa neaitn as is likely
to exist among a similar number doing
similar work in tho most favorable of
climates. We are constructing the Pan.
ama canal under sanitary - conditions 1
which rival, in their excellence those'of '
the , best ordered and . most healthful J
cities of this country or of Europe, upon J
the very ground where the conditions 1
were so'.bad thst. they Compelled ' the !
French to stop, after the exoendltura of.
UulUiona and iha-aaorlflos of -many -tnot
sana lives, xneir losses were appalling
"Under Colonel Goethals and his able
men, the sanitary work at Panama of
fers a better Illustration' than any In
stance la the world's history of the ben
efits of sclentlflo sanitation.' The work
in4 Cuba and on th canal' Is, the .finest
example humanity has ever known of In
telligent disease control' ;
-' "It can be safely said, then, can it
that the Spanish : war ln the long run,
saved more lives than It cost?" . .
"Oh, certainly." . -
JAnd ; has Jt speaking, in a broad
sense, added as much to tho world's
wealth as lt destroyed?"-' . v . - ,
"Many times as much. We did well In
Cuba, while we occupied that Island, we
have done well in Porto Rico, ever since
ws have been there, we have' done well
in the Philippines, and ws are doing
mighty well in Panama. "2 V, 'i
"As a nation ws arr spreading "pat
tremendously and most successfully, it
seems to me. Our possessions .and de
velopment In Alaska, our one separated
territory at the ' time the Spanish war
occurred, have not ceased or been cur
tailed. -The -Panama canal-will put our
great, manufacturing centers nearer, td
the west coast of Sooth America than is
any other manufacturing center of im
portance and make it possible for our
eastern- manufacturers to meet on equal
terms, as .far as distance Is concerned.
all other manufacturers as far east' as
Singapore. Not in the; history of .any
nation has any single, enterprise prom
ised SO asts a commercial opportunity
as this promises otvV., i"$y?$ f : i
"But of course there are the oenaltles
to pay -the penalties of an Increased I pleted. ; It is expected, that trains will
resDonslbllitv. the hecessnrbiriffTnbermtnlng-to
creased vigilance." V
.... 1 : . "
I fo pebate Protrctlvo Tariff.
' (Special Wipalch to The Journal. I , '
Oregon Agricultural College, Corval-
Hs, Or., March 4. The gradual 7- aban
donment of the protective tariff Is the
subject of the annual debate between
Washington- State college and He Ore
gdn Agricultural college, and . a . large
number of young men are contestants
for the honor of a place on the team
which o pes to wrest ths decision from
W; 8. C, , The tryout 'for the choice of
six men for O. A. C wlll be' held the
evening of March 14, Three of the men
from last year's debating teams who ars
entered for a place on the team which
hopes to repest last year s sweeping vic
tory over Washington ars A. A. Asbahr.
'11, Cornelius. Wash.; AP. Gibson, '11,
Ontario, . Malheur county, and E. B.
Lemon, '11, Grass Valley, Sherman
county, 1 ":fy,. -,y. -
Removes
in 48 Hours
Corn troubles are ended forever when V
you once know telue-jay. This little plaster Is 1
applied in a jiffy, and the pain ends instantly : In
forty-eight hours the corn so loosens that yon
lift it out.: . - .'-.," ' " 'xyr-
Nothing else acts like Blue-jay. No other corn ; ,
treatment has one-fiftieth go largo a tale. No pain; bo
soreness, no inconvenience. ' Millions of oeools now : .
' ma-. .'I ' ' '
'II";.!!!!;. t'
c I.
J V
get rid of corns ia
one of themf
A te the hrmlan ted BAB was C Si Ua eomfertaMa aam baad f
B It aft frit tAsmtae
aad kaep the was Iran
$.03 K.W.H.
aniniiiiiiiniiiiiiiinjn ;
FUEL3CENTS
BEGINNING MARCH 1, 1911,
the Portland Railway; Light &
Powef Company WILL INAU
GURATE A RATE OF
3 Gents Per
Kilowatt Hour
- f
FOR ELECTRIC COOKING
AND HEATING OUTFITS
See the New Electric
: Steel Range
AT
it
SEYENTH AT
$.03 K. W.ft
sit
i.AV"."a
Elecfr
New Station on'Natron Brancfi
--Soon to Be Placed on the
, Map; Division Point.
' (Special Dispatch t The Jonrnitl.r
.Kugene. Or., March ,4.-Tracklaying I
was resumed on the new Natron exteni
.1. 1 r. . l - ... f!
oiwfi v. m Buutnum racirio railway
up- the -Willamette eastward from -Eu-gene,
and. the: work will continue until
Oakrldge, a point 43-miles from here!
will be"! resched. 4 Five miles of track
was laid last fall, so that material for
the big bridge across Fall creek could
be delivered, and now that the bridge
nas upon- cumpieiea, ins. rays ' Will be I
laid as far as ths grade has been com-1
tiuin cugene ana 10 mues from Natron,
within a month's Umeand If the weath
re is: favorablo the rails will be laid to
Oakrldge in a few weeks. ' There are
numerous landslides between Lowell and
that joint, but lt ,1s thought that they
oan be removed so that ths tracklaying
crfwiwlll not he .hindered In Its work.
The work r of oiearlng : the right of
way jor ?-siaii rounanouss at pak-
riage nas begun. , ' The company ? will
establish a freight and passenger divi
sion there and already a townslte has
been laid out and many lota sold.' A
good -sized city will spring up there,
for.: ths railway employes.: and their
families alone wilt number several hun-
area.it xne company has a tract of land
there sufficiently large fori, terminal
grounas. , , . . 1 . , , 4, .
A tower 110 feet high has. been srect-J
ed on top of an eight story building In I
New York at a cost of 140,000 exclusive
ly to aispiay eiectrio advertising signs.
the Corn
this way. Won't, you today becon r
See tho Picture v
the eora
spraadiaa.
D Urnbberadfaaiktra. It fuUattke
. pltater oa. .
Blue-jay Corn Plasters i
At All Druggiatt 15c and 25c par Packag
8aople Mailed Free. Also Blue-ay Bnnton FlaatefsV
.$.03 K W.' ft
THE
Store
J,"i'"J ..."
' I'
: ...... - , ,v."
.1 -vi
ALDER ST. (
$.03 IC W.ft ;
h'.v?iti'S'-(j