THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, DECEMBER, 18, 1910.
mm
XI DOi!
w
i 1
V Ml
II !- 'W
4 . W
SCOTCH MARRIAGE LAWS
BINDING IF UNUSUAL
By Lady Mary Manwaring.
L
ONDON. Dec. 17. The "Scotch
marriage" has been again
broueht into Dromlnence bvthe
recent announcement that Frank
Jay Gould, scion of the famous
American financial family, had taken to
wife Miss Edith Kelly, a pretty English
actress, after the Scotch fashion and
'had installed her as mistress of Ab-
bottsford, famous the world over as the
. . ..
home of the great Sir Walter Scott.
Scotland has long been noted for Its
easy marriage laws of which the love
sick lads and lassies of more punctili
ous South have taken advantage tor
generations. .
' In Scotland there are two .classes 'of
valid 'marriages, "regular and "irregu
lar," and even In the case of the former
there are important differences' from
English procedure. . : . I
In England a minor cannot legally
marry without the consent of his or
her parents or other guardians, but in
Scotland a minor need ask nobody's
leave before '"committing matrimony,'"
provided ; that, tf a "man," he has
reached the age of 14; if a "woman!
he is a venerable Venus of J2. ;"
Then, .south of the Tweed, and in de
fault of a "special license," a marriage
must be celebrated In a church, chapel,
or other bulldlngi licensed for mar
riages, or before a registrar, and must
take place between the hours of 8 a,
m. and 3 p. m.
Across the. border, however,' even a
' regular" marriage, ,; blessed by the
ehuroh, can be celebrated in any kind
of place and at any time of day' or
night , 1 , " . ' '
' Interest, . however, : centers' chiefly
around Scotch Irregular" marriages, of
which there are three kinds recognized
. by law.'' : " 'v v- ?v t f"; - -.. v .;'w v.;.
In the 'first class ; is fmarrlage by
- declaration or acknowledgment Her
the contracting partlea simply declare..
either verbally or in writing, before two
witnesses that they take each other for
husband arid wife, or -that , they have
already done so.' The only stipulations
are that the parties must be capable of
marriage asd without legal impediment,
that they should be known to tho wit
nesses, who, in turn, must be legally
MmMLt mim anrt that t.n"bls four leaf clover." th waiter
of the parties shall have resided in
Tji bcoiiana tor zi aays lmraeoiaieiy pru
oeding the ceremony. ' ' -Registration
is not necessary to make
the marriage valid, but it js usual
sooner or later to apply to the sheriff ,
of the county in which the marriage
took place to record it in a book kept
for the purpose. -
A good deal of nonsense has been
written about these marriages by decla-
ration. Many a romance has been made
to hinge on - such a plot as a couple
playing In amateur - theatricals, going
through a mock irregular marriage only
to find themselves tied up hard and fast
.for life' This is mere moonshine, for
the validity of a 'marriage by declara - -
tion depends on tfie Intention and free
' consent of the parties to be married.
An irregular, marriage obtained by
! fraud force, or fear is In no' way bind-
, Ing. . , V ' A I
' u At the Same time, an lrregular'mar-
rlage Is not a thing lightly to be en-1
fi,vr :. 1
UNIVJiRSAL
By Marcel Prevost, member of v. the
1 French Academy. ' 1 ' ,
tit
r
rtf the current Issues of literary maga
Klnes I have time ana again reau
articles dealing with the question
of a universal language. ; J remem-
... . -m .l.. . Miirt. r TTaui
become XpVranUsU",
Adeaeon;) r 'An Auxiliary Neutral
T inninca.1' bV M.' UOUtUratl ana , S-
peranto of French." by iJr. woienaar,
and the fact that so
simultaneously write
ouestion- shows tlfi
Interesting the minds
proseni. .
The wouBn.: wnu,n ...
rharkcter for I 'know neither Esperanto
. :z ... .,k.. iAnrr, m rt itn ui l v ,
1" ?Z'Zt i wouldliki
to say to the apostles
Idioms is, that there
one great difficulty,
Kmeleaany o7"these
i miinr. inerH
- ...i i..'
vCT.wrLfVvJr I 0 vRT:
vvny x navo uui .. ,
nidinr aloof is however ho sign
M7i 'it would biUdtah aSS
eSagain:
llrhtlv a Question which has -occupied - -
and stilt occupies very superior minds
.n -nnaM mlnHa
The believers , in a universal language
proudly , quote two lndorsers of thejr
theories, whom everybody must respect.
One is Nietzsche, the other Tolstoy, : ,
'' '
Nletsxche wrote
vVords Not Ideas.. .
As early 'as 1876,
prophetlcally'The learning of several
,t the question is tA - v '-tn ZM . v:1"1?-;, "ljrZJTlZ pany xor eanw Dauatoff. . BUt. government'- -IW charge, are so
languages' fills the brain with words, peranusis scauerea an over the world; tempts, the isthmus canal is about 4 to the tranchise. machinery ahd data can Bar" has come to stay. There are talking with the men, eating In th controlled poUticaJly by men who vm
not with ideas.! Sooner or later there f.f', ably "ot ,mor than one be completed and by'Amerlcan enter- . tn prench.Mmn.n. L", .-T, at least three Of this sort in Panama Jewish cafes, even conversing with bad. We were hitting the bad Bapub
will atlse aU over th. world one unl- SEr'S" 'T: taTa sllnland abT . ' "ZJtrll" "PlS
i.nan tiMch will ha used bv
. . . "
everybody first-by travelers, men ty,
- r rf , .
cninaon ano imo i-'"'., a, as a rTencnman, come convinced Of the practicability or ii was on may t, isM. tnat tne for" dents of a particular locality must agree waiKea diockb wunout seeing a police- -we oon t Know mucn aoout nun," be
they Shall some day solve the problem wou,d far prefer. to learn ordinary eVery the project through, his studies of the nial transfer i of tho.. -property of. the. before a concession Is-granetd for the man, and there were no' signs that said. -"But we nave heard some of bis
ot aerial navigation." day . English, a language which even isthmus, while a member of Balboa's French, company: to the United States sale of liquor. There is very little policemen were particularly needed, ex- work and we get what information we
Tolstoy said: "The sacrifice which the most obtuse, mind Is able to master expedition. In 1529 Philip II of Spain was made, and the following two; years 'drinking among Americans on the Isth- copting to watch for fires or accldenU can about him and those who like htm
every -man - in. Europe' would .have ta. w,., ,n ,tnree months, and. Which, in adent engineers to survey a rouU across,, were devoted to work of organisation, mns they 'have learned. that the cun",ronvehtcles - or - other- public safety have been fighting our battles." Our pa
make to devote a little ' time to the "i, n t0 mr owa language, would en- Nicaragua, but as in the case of a pre- procuring machinery, planning details, that - inebriates has no place in the things. , It was apparent that crime is pers do not give us much facts eonceirn
. f Fn.n(n u ho amall anfl the able me to make myself understood by vious survey made by Charles V of and first and most Important, to mak- tmntcn Th. fnvnrftn tinni amnn h not present In the degree believed by lng him., Wa think more of him. how-
eventual results so important, that one -"MvO.OOO human beings. Were I to Spain, an unfavorable report was made, Jng" the Isthmus healthfuL Th. govern- Panamalans is a run and Scotch whisky." those Who have never gone ther and ever, than of the. bosses that are aburf
cannot afford to refuse to try." - ' f1eyote ?a,!a year th Btud5r of 1511 Philip .abandoned the plan when- his .ment built sanitary living qtarters for or light wines. ' . seen for themselves. lng him."
T,,. i-jrt , nnntAtlonn will at least
1 fteSO WO quoiBiionn w i: '
cause those wno riaicuie me iaea to
think, and this idea of using the ac
cumulated ; linguistic studies of.:cen-
turles , to create a logical, simple and
sasy language Is :,indeed a. very sane
sn..:'- '.;-:"'. ,; ' s-'';ir'
Th sentimental reasons Which arise
from the desire of making one's own
mother tongue the language of the
whole world do not carry great weight
first, because every great nation will
want to see its , own language tri
umphant and will work aainst the ef
forts of the other nations; and second,
haiaiim . i i m . ija im rmi ' aiumuf 1 1 liuii
between' a natural and an . artificial
language.1 The artificial language has
nni tu ume nurnoss: the understand-'-.
lng of It simply takes the place of know
ing French, German or English but does
not interfere with their chances of pre
dominance. . ' ,
- v ''' ::L t ' : -:' 7 r:: 'r-:y : 1
Universal Language Improbable.
But why. should on. not follow, the
advice of Tolstoy and. try to learn Esi
peranto, which, though it is being
fought by. Ido, seems to be the .artifi
cial language which has the best
c hances .today? - , . .
Here are my reasons:
"T-tWrror-beii
m xne-trmveramiry
of the pretended universal languages
I do not-believe it will -ever be real
laed L .nd reading r the .two uotatlonSMng making Greenwich me the, com-
lng. NtetSfch. certainly prophesies that
tered into. : To have It annulled a per-
eon must prove that he was tricked or
rorced into It, or that, at the time, be
was for one reason or , another abso-
lutely incapable of knowing what he
was doing. In default of such proof,
t.ie law presumes intention and consent, ;
and holds the parties to their contract.
AS the declaration may be made ver
bally, and .the marriage need not be
registered, it Is clear that if the wit-
ai. it...-. -- - JIMI . .14.. f
nesses die there may be a difficulty in
establishing the; marriage, . It would
seem that if a villain marries a girl,
by declaration, and grow tired of her,
he has only to get rid of the witnesses
somehow or other' to be In a position
to repudiate hi wife; but here the law
is against hlra. ' .
' Thle brings us to the second class of
"Irregular marriages," namely, mar- -riage
by repute or habit"
If d 'couple have , lived together -as
married, have addressed each other as,
husband and wife, and permitted ( others 1
so to address them, the Scottish law
holds them married," although proof of
marriage may be wanting, even if, in
fact no ceremony has been gone through
with. ;y -'''
Therefore, villainy of the kind men
tioned would rarely be successful, for in
most cases the courts , would give the -wronged
woman nor rights.
The third class of. . '.Irregular'., mar-'
rtage is known as "marriage by prom
ise," and applies to cases where a
woman has yielded to - a lover under
promise '. of . -marriage, - subsequently
broken, '
Of course, the woman most satisfy
the courts that marriage Was promised; " "
but provided she can do so, she can 7
claim' her betrayer v- as ' her, "lawful
wedded husband." I m
I Science and the Four Leaf Cloycr.
I v From the Illinois State Journal.
f'A' north bound Frisco passenger train
Stood on the siding in the Oxarks. Many
of the passengers were at late break
fast in the diner. t
Just as a waiter began, to pour oof
fee for a quick eyed little woman,' she
said: "Oh, wait ri must get out Just
there by that tie," motioning, "l see a
brought it; and the paewwigers exam
ined, exclaimed "how lucky," and the
little woman said, "It will bring good
luck all the day."
' . Now you know, and we know, that it
wouldn't do any such , .thing. CTovor
leaves, rabbit . buckeyes, "and ill
made pennies, or any other inanimate
thing, do, not bring either good or bad
fortune. But when a fellow, r a girl,
for that matter; finds a four leaf clover,
he is exhilarated. It stimulates,1 by
reason of giving additional heart beats;
he tries harder, he walks 'faster, -v he
looks happier, he speaks cheerier; he
is therefore more attractive to others,
and he hits the old world harder, and
makes it give down its milk.
' Did you ever see a calf getting- Its
dinner! Yon know how it butts if the
cow doesn't give down the milk? Well,
the stronger the calf, the harder ' the
"""butt," the more milk. Sot the leaf
makes us btrtt harder and we win; hence
we call It ,lncky. Maybe it Is!
,.; . . . ..
LANGUAGE .
a new,, language will come which , will
be .used by everybody, but be qualifies
" -w - -
( every oofly" ;. in the text words, "First
by travelers, then; by thinkers." Tol
stoy, on his side, : does not go to the
bottom of the question at all! He
)f th
ncour
and
y h readers to make
attempt, and he only encourages his
liiutuycaa iun Q uq ou.
r . v w. , , .... ,
European readers wlU not make the
practical and hahdy.: It Is hot studied
as we study dead lanmiaees to he .hifl
to , read masterpieces, and In 19W Es-
yeranio is aim quae useless oecause
very few people speak it.
rareOof Jt
This is evt-
handsome result for a;
: "
niuii rj-eatml nnlv In knrit
is a result which showa no reason why
t .hn.iM 4v. . .
- which would mean the loss of
ho"" of my time which Is al.
many eminent men attempt At least ! will not try In w.r.u pmn, necureu a concession irom ine distinction of being the only institution
-about the same 19l0- nd nrobablv not in manv vMm ',L,r.' .-7 a of its kind maintained by the. United
of the public Bt ; " "r",; -7:7 ;i "irrV; I- pvT, V"Q u7 ,7L" 'i ",,1" ,M1MlM' tm or completion of regulated that the hotel pays for Itself.
, recommend, it but the fact that it is a brief span 'with broken health and . sea level tvne of canal wm is VMr. r, : .w-
of these various i "nunia proualy announce fl" io.a h h cudic yarasa nut . there is none of the picturesque n'r C"I ' .,7, tZZ locality. ' I talked with him. carefuUj
v.. . . that thev now nnmw Rnn Ann . terious miasma, has neen suocessiuiiy umati nf th nnmrv wnrt Th. ,i..i,j . . n- fervor of the conflict had melted the u.'l
seems TO me w uxr . . .. "-""'" "v " . . . . . . . . , , .-. - - " " m n,Kauiiri.'ui uio iruciiicr. oo iar ao .. . . .... . aroiuinv iviiuik inni koi hiv lam oi mj
" . . " . . -tnrwii hit no ,. in .i combatted. It Is this tremendous, ti- n m nrvntwinu nt h. ti r...n. . ... ... . mmital elements and there was earnest . ..
wmcn to me jooaa .-, r- M vi-.n ..v.r ht,i windltloM irr:: A.," rr".rr": m.Dlln conca. e;ua is.on --y',-, " opuuuns. wiumt nesjiauon
wtirh lin'' miu uBaiin "in r ranee aione wuiinni uw mi no mw o iiiiunawiYp i hi, Vsn n ii im h l v v,..v... , mm-. ,
.fc" VTVl' ""A.V.tii -ffor- .t imi bulldln. bv
KID w uu IV VV,VW peODIB
wnen,-
converse with
men and at
other,' nfttinnaii. ih h.v
at leant tn undnitinit i,nn..
even speak It fairly well? . ' -
' There are Espenmtists In'bceatuV l'
am delighted to hear It but it is as-
serted that there are only 500,000 En-,,
, 1 TTv r .
wii '
Rather than aroinar to th tmtihu
. , - " .
w ura iuj -r
Derail to. everv mlnnf. w,w .
peranto, every minute j of
would, In the first, case, add infinitely
more to my 'communicablllty. This
Is an undeniable arithmetical fnr-t a
...j . wuio
language spoken by 600,000 people is
yrm.-injM.ii oon-exisung. ' ; ,
V The Esperantist will say: ; ,
"You do not sea the point " This num.
ber of 600,000 is only temporary. Re
member that Esperanto has been In ear-
jsienoe onijr i years, we win be S
million In five years; 6,000,000 tn 10
yeara
, fer traps so, and I will answer that t
W!.U breadT t0 consider th. question
, . . . -
hiv im snii 7r T .T
Z i 5LJ Ph 1. . 0,0'000-, Until then,
" Av "- '- """"" muBuase, is
hands. ., "And how is buslnew?"
uunumra ... ct.uwu xne mercimnt.
-un. we. nave stopped business to at-
1 . "ma ymwn.
The Preneh m' , '
1 ne rencn government 18 Cnntllir-
Lfin II, H 1 riTTIM n KD.I. nA..
generally used.
. - " . -"'" "w t
" "'W),WT'MwnB"ft lngr cap tal. Bolivar then ommls- spit, the tropical neavtne medical rec, engineer, who is also a member of .the low 'fever. . Since 1905-one.year .aft'I,!?thar.H?n t H
. ' """ """ sioned a British engineer, J. A. Lloyd, to orda On th. sone do not show a singl. commission, ; has best summed Ud the the- American occupation there has not truth ,that Henry (.George got bold of
; , It Worked Well. ; survey th. Isthmus for Ilther a canal case of sunstroke, . -' . work of th4 saniUryure"X !! W wr"'
'From the San Francisco Star. . or a road. ' The nights ar. cool, even after the tag that In two and a half. years they' the son;V i u,-; ' f!?, 1 , ,
"How Is the new filing system? Sue- It was In 1835 that 'the flrsttep, hottest day.Th. beat is really more hftVe bridged four centuries. Panama in T Not only cOTld-.ti..' Frtncb' rte? tha'Kd-l!rthA T"
cessr asked the agent of th. merchant rtke' by United States oppressive during the nine months of m04 , was IdenUcal in ber civilization built -the ' canal , because of their dis- 1
to whom h.haa sold a "system" a few ooWdr t0 ' canftL ,n J1" lnjr thf f "tog tha, with: th. lth century;, a little over regard of sanitation, but their tool, for Tall , ll nsrd nSm u 7
days before;-' ' In pursuance of a resolution Introduced dryaeason. owing to tte humidity, two years of work advarioed her to th. the digging were absurdly, small com- 7 ad the r follow t lt d
"Great!" .said th. merchant,' .' Henry Clay and passed by eongress, , During tb. winy season there i sel- plana of the 20th. - At the.prnt time pared with those which are now mak- tr n3like a fl of ,hXi0.
"Good!" said the agent rubblna- bin Chrl ; Biddle. an American engineer. - dom a- day without severa downpoura it .costs the government about 12,000.000 lng the dirt fly AU along the line of ot rPsiBt u,Lt fh ! LiT-
The, Insurgent and
MontU in
' Jfrc&cfcfJEl Tins MTSM ' ' j
iMontfhMl 1 4At f OUL-. 1
I Titt
1MNE
FOUR CENTURIES IN
It Has Remained for. American lntnrpriBe, Effort and Money to Construct tho Panama Canal Improved
' ' Methods of Sanitation Have Had No little to Do With Success of Undertaking.
ASHINQTON, Dec 17. The Pan
, ama canal l as been hailed as
the greatest engineering feat
" . in the history of the world and
- in the eclat with which this
W
: . 1-11
widum to, American oui"i
has been received a marvelous trans-
formation of natural climatic conditions
, . 7" " :"
. Ten years ago the ground covered by
the present canal sone was a fever in-
feotMi lunele. aliva With OOlSOnOUS rPP-
-
" - , , j. ml
t11e' insects and tropical diseases. The ,
sapped mentality.
- Today, the Isthmus of Panama is
"U" iVil,'
( with - dread pestilence in its mantle;
lalnM 3r:'?n nicaicai corps oi .uio ov.
e"nment that is neserving or an equal
whot wiui ine enimcwiui .
. . talnl K ,. mnrit., I MPM M trttk mV4 - ' .1 .a- . - 1 r - - ' . . .. . t... . .
Panama canal today Is aNcom:igml,e indicating perfect case lighting
nioi m .nawor tn t nil a nriin t cnar n . mat
Americans cannot live An the tropics
They could not have does so without
- " I " - . . -
him with insidious fevers and dread an
imal life that' deterred and retarded
previous efforU at canal building.
:''''U'':'
Four Centuries Of Striving. .,
And nowM after, four, centuries of at-
a roriuguese, eaareara, wu ine iirsi '
IntAi-oppunlo panal advocata and na tirst
. .. 1 , A 1 .
w i ,1.. i. hh w k..
ui wvuvu mc yiaii aii . v a , ,mTu.a w- ,
nominican mar ovimn jjupiw wo
. i.., nnni4-.
iw ijjiwiM ftumviunuii, : - :
"Wbat God hath Joined together, let
no man put asunder.", '.
in 1814 tspain again rumea mougnu
toward an Isthmian canal, but before
iloflnltn ntcmi -noukl be taken the South
and Central American colonies became
independent. In the latter part of the
eighteenth century England took up tho
canal olan. and Lord Nelson and Baron
von Humboldt made researches and sur-
veys of routes, paying particular atten-i
Uon to the Nicaragua route. Nothing
A h. ,ii.nni hnan
iB 1825 President Bolivar of the Re-
u ww w . v
puonc or new unuiu gnwira on.ii
Thierry, a Frenchman, a franchise for
a canal, but ne encounterea lauure., in
made extensive studies of the ground
covered by; the present . route. v H. e-
a
xZ'Z n,. Tn
road across the tatJimus. but on his re-
turn t0 th.. United States in 1837, tlw
mnlir nrmn nnil lh moltor win ilrnnnil
France again enie U.V Itat. teTwl '
securing a concession for a railroad or
Mnnnl Wnrrtnrr ..,. I 1 .. T7 V.
mu.u. ,npvitu ic"i m tiornai en-.
irranch en-.
fwvvr, rri-uneu ,iToraoiy upon a canai.
StanJpat Doctors Have Only Tnree
Wkick to Restore tne Patient to Healtk
l PRStf
may
ASbOUMK V
A.VWTK-
QbiCT "
ITXwiC?
'but once. agiln the stupendous nature of
the work daunted the proponents of the
- pun. ....'.......n.,. , y ,v
la 1SSS, American brains, enterprise,
and caDltaL bridged fh luth mill' vlth
, . " ' ' " " ......
nmrwu, ana zor a ume tne canal
scheme was droned.. In lB9. howev!-.
the idea recurred and President Grant
T"C ,VT'::
' - t
of the Nlcaraguan route, but ; nothing
was done. . j ,
; In 18711 'fArrllnan H. tjMn.
- - - v ."'t' v. . v
famous French engineer revived the
and the cost was set at 1240.000,000.
Work-.under:. these Plans was. bewin at
once and cont,nued ?U,.,8M' when the
naj Bpent over $260,000,000,
ney
ex-
picture representing . De Leaseps,:.: Ilks-
Another Atlas, pushing aside the tower-
Mr wa in or tna Culehra rut. with a
. t.i. ... ? .
. actoa, work at Panama put many
a wrtnkle into De Lessep s face before
' " ' ' "
sl.i'w-i o--.:. i .
-fc . T. VI m, UVCUII Ul 17VT,
way. kfeplng enough men at work to
retain ts nehiM, and excavaanff
principally in the Culebra Cut 'In 1904
after several years of delays, diplomatic
and
negotiations, ana I-financing. America for American gold are gone with thelr 'weii acquaimea wun me ioik oi mose scannais nad broken, out la the govern
finally entered upon the work, nurchas- proprietors. In their place, the "Ameri- quarters, I went from place to place, ment We learned that we had been
- ... " ""',
"u v-.
the Republic
-.'":-:.v?.'C-.
nf pnm.
- . . ........ -.......
na , ompioyee ana - negun a ' campaign
.,. ,.i..- j ,,mu.
ur hio bi ui uiDcuro. x ii
otherwise free and independent Republic
of Panama was made to toe the mark
nn muucni na.unai.iuii. ob Doen
kept In the path of , cleanliness every
Btnoa, ' -! - -s '.
Americans working In the son. at the
present time -live In much the same
way a they do at home, with certain
concessions to .the tropical climate.
Their homes are different from those ,
In the United States, but there are clubs
and churches and danoes'and other so-
clai functions very much Ilk. in rThe
States
The employes, as a rule, work
w
" "
from 1 to 6--whkjh permits of the dls-
uncuy epanisu-American . siesta. i
' The . rain usually comes without warn4
lng. , Usually in the states, shower on
: . ......
r " " ..r.
doesn't make art v difference in the heat
The nine months . of rain make an at-
m.nl..,. nn nni.r that lt .....(
ctaj aata Art"ta asTng e night,
and clothes mildew quickly. The Amer-
1 . . , . . , . ...
Lcaoa un ina zona nave ineir cioines
in air tignt closets, -wnere the heat
Si n
C " uT ' . J
-Mctutchoon in Qhicago Tribune.
PANAMA
from an incandescent electrio light
keeps out the damp.
Just at the present time there are 1500
American families living on the gone.
Taralv
.VUn 41 vnuivugv, UUUvl fttJd fJQ
or chaplains of various denominations
nnnnintwi hi n.r.m.n .....
eral' T. M. G A.? branches, furnish a
VY" 1B'B .ana. tncre are seven
auv ai tn. t uruuiu . iiiiiiiir hu:livh
work. Most of the Americans occupy
two-family buildings, or bachelor quar-
- v... ..i.- . , ....
w o, uub ijuiio n nuiuwr live H L me
Hotel Tivoli at Ancon, which has the
dances and other social functions which
Amn,.Hn .r l.tt-"XZZ
' The xone may be a wild territory and
rar away Trpm the sort of civilization
of which Americans are accustomed,
the sona noliee. a fina fiodv at Amiri.
can8 who corresnond to ruraleal -
Of course there U nmMlnr hi t.n.
ama City and Colon, just as there is
--- . ----. - .
';ZZ7Mim7u m vuZx&Uy
mmed t note that theanamaTat
loVerA
the same building with the residence of
the Bishop of Panama, but it is not
. .v - w
Vfi. ,-r.""
Rnd Amerlcaa einp,oyes ars good
customers. But the roulette wheels and
faro layouts that at one time competed
i.D9 canal zone is not aryiern lory.
The liquor question is setUed by a sort
of local optiona majority of the resi-
vi ,uw,i uuviwn ma.jwrii.jr vi llio rxJI
' . .
in r 3 nam a ana ioion.
Tanama City at the present time is
a. model for South American common-
wealths. Insanitary dwellings,, dirty
streets, surface sewerage and infection
spots were among th. problems Ameri-
can inedical . officers were called upon
to 'solve. Colon, on tho Atlantlo Bid.
of the ' Isthmus, was a swampy town
"ve with fever. So far It has cost
the United States $2.n5,0O0 to eliminate
these danger spots, but the result has
been to,make Panama and Colon clean,
wen paved, well sewered cities with a
tremendous gain in health. , . . f
to maintain the sanitary department, to
keen uo the fiKht axainst vellow fever1
r r. .-:..
win i, nmnimxt ti m .t
about -JJO.OOO.OOO to have maintained
i....i.u .i . i
of te tou'eos th
. . . . . . . . ...
ine.ir timmni tn att Th rtiirn in tho
tlfry paid practically no attention to
M 1-f . TtAltalflAUll S ' nBVtf Ann Am ' .U.t m..A n.t 1 OA A a -A.4
IMPROVEMENT
SHADE TREE
By Carl Bannwart Secretary of the
Newark, N. Jn Shade Tree Conrmis-.
stun.
N1
sion. .""!' ' ; ""V" :j ,; -
EW JERSEY 1 by her shade tree
itatute converted the rocky bio-"
neer trail of the tree planter '
Into a graded, progress fostering :
roadway . For whereas without
this ' law the advance of tree planting
and protection was slow,' tortuous and
inadequate, the municipalities of this
state. now bid fair to excel in the ease
with which extensive plantings may be
almost automatically projected, com
pleted, paid for and maintained,
.""The law provides for a shade tree
commission 'of "three freeholders , who
shall, serve without compensation, and
who shall have the exclusive and abso
lute control and power to plant, set out,
maintain, protect and care f or . shade
trees in any of the public highways" of
its municipality. A later statute- gives
the same commission exclusive control
of the public parks. .
The street trees which ware nobody's
particular 'Care are now committed to
the custody, , of three leading citizen
adequately empowered, whose zeal, civic
patriotism, love of trees and adminis
trative ability are concentrated on
maintaining and promoting the welfare
. 4t.. - ,1 1 1. 3 . rm . A
vantages of this arrangement are not
only obvious In prospect but have been
, demonstrated in Newark and elsewhere.
The status of street trees is raised,
for they stand forth now before all the
people as the special wards of a special
municipal department specially created
to protect them. The fine stately old
. street, trees whicn. have come down to
us from the fathers, bat which have so
long been strangers to considerate treat-
1 ment; at last are coming into their own.
Not only does a commission protect
therru a .pubUo sentiment which is con-
' stantly enlarging cooperates. '
17,000 Treei Set Oat
The commission 'is not only warden
of the older trees but also planter of
the new. Here In Newark, where the
law has been In f orce- stx years, 17,000
" young trees on 102 miles ' of streets
have been set out. Picture ' this! One
hundred . and two miles of new plant-
tngn, adorning the streets, gladdening
the eye, cooling and purifying the air,
and enhancing the city's beauty and
wealth. There they stand and grow, in
creasing in stature and fulfilling the
promise of their, sapling days. Of
. course this Increase ' In ' growth and
,J)eauty Is not the result merely of
')"Ume and elements," for a tree eom-
minKion is required to systematically
mulch; trim, spray, fertilize and other
wise nurture, its young.
An innovation is the asthorlty of a
1 shade tree commission to assess the
cost of new plantings against the prop
erty In front, of which they are set out.
This -becomes a lien, v The money from
this source Is reinvested in other plant-,
,lngs. Only the actual cost of the tree.
guard, stake and labor Is so taxed. The
average assessment last year was $2.93.
This covers once for all the entire cost.
If the tree dies It is replaced under the
guarantee without extra charge to the
property. -
IN LOWER MANHATTAN
By John E.Lathrop. ' ; f
W
ASHINQTON, D. C, Dec 10.
Did you ever spend a day and
evening down on the lower end
Of Manhattan island, where
live the hundreds of thousands
of New Yorkers who are commonly re-.
ferred to as the "submerged tenthr If
you go there now you wUl get some
political Information which -will aston-
ish you.- Tou will form the opinion that
v.. , Moh.t. i.i.n4 .
other part of that proud city.
It wasn't the first time i naa Ge
voted the major portion of the time, of
a visit In New York to the lower end;
bu th,a 11 TZVZ'rfZ
" " ' "m'T,0a 7,af hM
?w fork election had just boen held.
Down there they do not believe that
Theodore Roosevelt has been killed po-
lltically. Up at ' the Other end tney
thought Roosevelt was down and out ;
. . ., . n n t-
P1 y the teeming folks of th. poorer
fon and Hebrews.
r"'""cratlo ticket quite generally. But
I?uJ,,.05K?ne aDaTV T?
pic tn. wner.v iUBr.rn u.ui,
no other national ties than Jews. ; Every
stitm nn m. nrnrtk .imnaz nvBrr nnnon van
meet on the streets. Is Jewish.- Very
""" wof tte . 8t0r BlKns re wrtttea
in Hebrew. -i ..'-.-....' .'
. Having at other times gotten quite
u uuuwi m.usowi
5 to the conclusion that those are not bad
people down there. They are poor. But
' - - - - - - . - m-
flnitAti4 fhAiia - tr) r n ai - Ant r a vnma
hard thinking. : They discussed the
nnlltlrjil laauetf ' with fntnlllcna anJ
showed their deep Interest in the proo-
leras that are before the country. There
was every needed evidence that they,
too, were anxious for good government
.. . '. , , ., . , j
sanitation. However; It did cbst them
omet like 42.000.000 for ho.pluis,
''A glance at the records of Ancon
1883, and now maintained by th com-,
; nusVlon, shows the difference in mortal-
uv btwen the no-anitatinn era at
the French and, the modern system of
the Americans, From 1883 to 1889 over
the canal one may see abandoned. French
...a. UMu
.'umiii.i .i . .-i..tT-j
now supplementing oor own machinery.
.. . .
nmrir dmm K,,t it witt t. u.wi.
money and the effort
6000 deaths oourred at the Ancon hos-
WORKED BY
COMMISSION
,The commission ' is required to gh
public "notice of ! intention" to plan?
certain streets or portions of .strei -t
through "one or more of the newspaper
of the municipality," After "a hearis
of all persona who appear In relation to
Buch contemplated improvements," thj
streets to be planted are finally dotcr-
mined.': Instructions are then given to
go ahead, and the season's planting Is
bepun. -:v-. - ."
. Planting pita are dug at distances of
S3 feet where the sidewalk is cut. pains
are taken to have the walk In good con
dition. From each pit 8S cubic feet of
earth is removed and replaced with
good soli enriched with fertiliser. When
the new soil has settled the tree Is set
In place with a wire guard topped with
a rubber collar and a stake to hold it
steady until it has got its own firm
grip on -Mother Earth. . The trees for
each street are all of one specimen and
of equal size. With 40 clear days In
both spring and fall, the two planting
seasons, and setting out SO a day, the
year's "output" will be 4000 more trees
to adorn 12 more miles of streets and
to begin the transforming Of common
place thoroughfares into park like high,
ways overarched with waving trees
uniform in species and s!xe
icrjem UXOnonncai,
The bill 1 shows the ; pioperty own
that; the cost assessed against htm fr
the . excavating, the subsoltttig, tr
tree, the guard, tJie stake and th guar
antee. Is less than what he would ha
to pay a nursery for the tree aloty
This : saving 'to the property . owne
made possible by the wholesale natnr
;of the operations, will explain how tr
: commission can advertise sp miles c
streets or CO miles of property front
and not find one owner opposed.
; The shade tree statute does not be
come operative iratn - the "governto
body" of a municipality authorizes th
appointment of a commlBSlon. , Over S
cities and towns of New Jersey differ
lng In population from 1000 to 387AK
have elected to place their trees tn th
care of a , commission. . In all the?
communities the problem of the care,
increase and protection of street trees
Is being studied by these local
servers of the city's tree assets. To
- appoint a commission is to set in mo
tion a legal mechanism toward ade
quate muntcfpal control.
' This is the story of six years pro?'
rees In New Jersey; the pioneer years
of preparatory work.' ' It Is fair to ex
pect cumulative progress in supervis
ing street trees and preventing every
form of destructive agency daring the
next v five years. . Through J. Horace
McFarland's initiative, a similar stat
ute is operative in Pennsylvania. Buf
falo and "Chicago, and the country wl do
exchange list of the Newark commis
sion demonstrate how general Is the
Interest in this method, now no longer
an experiment . These - sowings of
tested seeds win surely, mature in more
general adoption of the law. All over
the country communities are gradually
realising that the tree is as much a
friend to men in the city, as in th
country. From this conviction will fol
low the more general provisions for
their protection. -.
' Thtrd, one could see that they are not
easily xooiea Dy aesignmg pouueians
" t" " s k , ,
, Hp , th V, 01 tne ,slan1 th
better clad, better fed, more prospero.is,
J!er "fMed -wltti' the. 'idea; that the
warn arop intq tne
..'' "f AUarrtic If Roosevelt
'- obUterated poUtican. The
had been given out by Wall street,
ctJn through sytem-controUed pap
and Tammany hall, that Roosevelt must
lt" were wise to wear bal
let-proof armor up there if one desired
to speak kindly of the Oyster Bay
. statesman.
t , But down 0 t?M southern end ft was
different .1 took dinner with the pro-
Prtaking .of a . meal that was good
enDtlRh foP m prosperous man of any
"The people in this part of tha etty
did not go after Roneevert They wr-
-4v-- h. pmhiin.n M4
-niums; living to go to such, high prteea
.-o e
ht" w iwK m
S-tterVe uit aLt anht
44-
was not to 'get" Roosevelt; tt waa tn
spite of, rather than because of. him
that ent Democratic We are not
x ... lk
ST " 'ZSZT-ZZTZ
are going to support it That Is the
maaains; of the election the other day.
There was, however, another reason
, muuif . u uii t .m utoj. .
,. Then I
as La JV
asked about such tuuuetmlrea
Follette and his class.
j v"-w v
Who WiH Work Salvation.
. Th. hi .i U it 11.1. i J .v.
the only sin of those folks of tha
lower end. that one can see in a cursory
investigation, la poverty, and they ar
beginning to look for the explanation c
their poverty. ; Who is getting thdf
"hare of the country wealth, who -H
w JJ V-. I'f, !
le"lblto I'i8 ,bAfp0 Ll'i ?rl
wnen they pt Urtod' they are sol
t0 b mighty. force for political unl
rLVlt0"!" B.t., rnl'M,H
"n . iT.;.. -. ' '
BU illll IDCI lllUUtillh Ul i(irv l'U'.'l
peopl as chiefly Binners instead
tul, earnest. hlpful thinking J i.
none ttiere tnnn in tie (i.iui n
Vl transformation- Is. giiff on un.'.
New York's poor.', "Thfl midtjion wi
told me (if It, bnil I "ttaw HkiiA .f ,i
evry hand. It woull rni.;i".
indeed, if Now TorN p snJvatint
be worked out by tnwi vl.o ! ,. ,
looked on f r j nrvvi mn.i as t. -most
la tJtHi'l of ti'iivHiioft