THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNINGv DECEMBER 4, 1910.
SOUTH AMERICA RL ALLY LIKLS US
,U Nixon, Delegate to Van American Congress, Tells Edward Marshall of Oor Neighbors No Longer
:, Liable to Revolution, the Best of Theni Are as Stablo as We Are, OurselvesMarvelous Resources.
How We Fall hv Getting Trade.
Uy-. Edward Marshall,
pyrlght, C J. Mar, Publishers Press)
- v H, YES, we're hustlers,- but near
I sighted. - We're the Wide world's
1 wonders with a reservation. We
.J walk the earth with swollen heads
' hvld hiph, and do not see the tat
c'-orped pooketbiok. Americans (list to
t ie cask's ecreamX have brains In eur.
piua. energy in store, , but lack plain,
r -pinion business sense.. . v -,
tewis Nixon said a none of these
tTings; they are my own reflections
Kltcr having left his particularly pleas
ant company, listened to his more than
ordinarily pleasing voice, digested, for
two days or so, the Intelligent and high
ly logical remarks he made to me, soon
after his return from South America.
Mr. Nixon went to South America last
July, aa a delegate to the Pan-American
conference ; and remained in , Buenos
Aires two months, when, its eovoy-ex-ttaordinary
and minister plenlpoten.
;tiary of the United States, he was sent
i: ron a" special mission to Chili, rep.
r- senting us at her ; centenary cele
bration, i." I tfV;;: 'hi-'t-'i:-: ';.
As he traveled be observed, and ob.
served carefully, for he took time and
traveled leisurely. His whole life has
been spent inj dealing, In one way or
another, with the people Of far coun
tries and endeavoring to get their points
of view and so ha was qualit led to note
conditions with exceptional intelligence.
'In, South America," said he, "I tried
to get to understand the South Ameri
cans. , I went with their business men,
not with hirestf guides,, to see. I did
not pry into their secrets; I asked them
frankly to revea'.tbem to mo and every
wnere was.mqt with frankness.
- The Oreatneis of South America, '
"South of us, In Latin America, lies
an area three times . as great as ours,
tinder tree governments, and a popula
tion within 15,000,000 of our own. Tne
resources of the land are almost Quite
untouched. It was the dream of Na
poleon to bring about a combination
of these -Latin 'countries with old, Latin
llurope, but it failed.- .Notwithstanding
this dire failure the statesmanship of
the old world has, been devoted to keep
ing us apart from South America, and
without the Monroe Doctrine this effort
would have quite succeeded. - In spite
of It much has been done to build a
wail oi prejudice between us and our
neighbors. -Without the Monroe Doc
trine South America would have been
divided up according to a sort of gen
tleraen's agreement as to spheres of in
fluence and commercial control. But
that .doctrine' stood, :f magnificent, ; and
laved ua something saved us much.
Bnt Europe has not, unresisting, let. us
keep the fine control, which we so ably
and so necessarily, at first .,, asserted.
Finding It Impossible to gain and hold
political influence, European statesmen
tiave worked with wondrous skill and
prim persistence to secure commercial
sovereignty, while we have . been too
busy with our own affairs to bother
with the. matter, and, to a large extent,
tha Europeans have succeeded. It has
duly been of late years that we really
have been aroused to what we had been
letting slip In way of friendship and
of trade.
"The Monroe Doctrine, really, has
worked far greater benefit to South
than North America, however. - It has
.forced the Europeans to play with their
haiidH, ,faee- up,, upon the table, and
inns south America has Rained a great
aihantdse through absolutely' open Com
petition. Tiiat has been the real and
gnu test value of Monroe's doctrine.
"And. at last, we seem, to be awak
ening to what we have neglected, .'for
1I.1 next '30 years South America will
lie. the theatre of the world's most act
ive exploitation, just as Soutn Africa
tias been for the last SO years.. It be.
hooves us to remember, this and. bene
lil thereby. '
"We have Von fighting for the mar
kets of the east, subjecting ourselves
to grave humiliation as a nation. In
onl'T to secure an entrance to them;
t we hn-e a, larger total trade with
the West Indian Islands and the little
countries cf Centra'America.' The pos
H))lit:1(iM Avhich lie to southward of us
me beyond the powers pf estimate and
have, been, almost; utterly neglected.
Thin utiould stop,, at once, We can
make money, and, far more important,
make firm friends worth having, by es
"TaoJiKlilng. relations .with our southern
rifigiilan's. feel rery strongly about
this. I "would go so far as to make the
btmly of Spanish compulsory Jn every
school . in the United States."
This last, statement shows that Mr.
Nixon. Js exceedingly .In earnest. ''.He
has always been an earnest man.' He
Ik lens than' ISO. and, at first, planned
to be a naval officer, and went through
Annapolis. This training told when he
became a shipbuilder. " At first he act
ed as the superintendent of the great
Cramp yards in Philadelphia, and, there,
uesigned the battleships Oregon, Indi
ana and Massachusetts,. afterwards es
tablishing .'his own yards, ! where he
built 100 vessels In six years, Including
submarines! torpedo boats and Other war
craft. Ilia . work has carried him i al
most from; earth's - end to earth', end
and thrown him. into contact with the
heads of many governments. He knew
King Edward well and has been : re
ceived by both the ewur and pope. , ...
, His Interest, at present, is centered in
South America, however, and it was en
tirely of 'Soath America that he talked
to tni ' ' . i;- ::r"'r,'r v .'-. - :
Those piile'to'''thaoathftn'''aT
very wonderful," he said, "and big.
There seems to be a firm impression in
this country tha only we, of all Ameri
cans, amount to anything. It is a sad
mistake and one which costs us mil'
lions upon millions, every year.. We dis
regard the merits of onr southern
neighbors, both, as peoples and as cus
tomers for our commodities.
Wondrous Argentina. " ' '
Take Argentina. Its area (1,1815,000
'Square miles) ; equals that of all our
states, eastward of the Mississippi, to.
gether with" Minnesota, Iowa and Mis.
ouri to the westward of it '-. It is actu
ally true that we have made a greater
effort to get' the trade of Cuba than
to get the trade of Argentina. The to
tal foreign trade of Latin America is,
roughly, -,$2,OS2,000,000. Our share -is
t62ti.ooo.000. "tu-We buy about $74,000,000
more than we sell there. . , , . - .
"Ton see, we need them, really, com- i
mereially, and. besides all that, . they
ore a fine people, worth cultivating
fjuite aside from their potential com
mercial value. A new day is shining on
them the day of firm stability and rea
sonable peace." The formative period
fif continual revolution has undoubtedly
Kne by. There are tremendous possi
bilities among them for anyone who bas
Bood goods, or really skilled labor, In
almost -any line, to sell. The loafer,
vf 'exploiter from the States, who ex.
y -eta to go down there and live' without
endeavor, will be disappointed,' put for
the man worth while high wages, an
abundant living at fair prices, a fll
mate which in not severe and high class
associations wait. . The real worker in
ony useful trade or profession is as
iiiii oa. .wajtfi ilcu,iii. Young tmta.
Roing tliere, can 'grow up with the coun
try.'"' and, growing up, amass real
w. alth.. . , , K .. .,': '
"I am not advlwipg anyone. to leave
(i Is Vdiintry to po anywhere, but, un
t. th.-re are grcit ui-i-ortunities,
j.i.-t in boutli America. , : .
t 'The Immigration laws are excellent
in conception and in - execution, and
emigrants, being regarded as desirable,
are,- at least in. Argentina, warmly wel
comed. : There are no detention pens
and no parasites or agents to rob ,newT
comers of their money. Argentina, af
ter men and brain .and muscle, goes
about getting them Intelligently. New
comers are treated as the nation's wel
come guests. I watched the handling of
large numbers and was much impressed
by the Intelligence and courtesy with
which they were disembarked and cared
for. Immigrants may become . citisen a
after two years' residence. The general
scheme of government is admirable, be
ing modeled closely on our, own, with
certain variations, among the most Im
portant of which is that the president
is elected for a term- of six, not four,
years. ...
' A Military GoTenunaat, . i
"Argentina is a military government
to this extent: service in the army or
the navy is compulsory, but, while two
years are nominally required, only an
average of six w eight months' serv
ice Is actually demanded. If Argen
tina ever puts another army Jn ' the
field for wartime purposes, it will be
no 'LaUn rabble. I visited the great
military tralning-posC a few miles
from Bueno Ayres, saw drills ; and
maneuvers, and was given" opportunity
to, Inspect 'details. Recruits of but a
few months' service showed excellent
ability, . and there was, undoubtedly, a
really bigh average of Intelligence In
rank and file. Up here, the average
citiion who thinks about a South Amer
ican army, conceives it as a tatterder
maltan mob, ill-armed, not drilled, in
competent A glance at "Argentina'-s
fighting force wlll change the mental
picture which the words give birth to.
There have been complaints, as there
have been with os, of military, ad
vancement, there, through, political pull,
out n isy generally believed that tne
new president will end all that. - ''
"Nor la Argentina's navy of the na
ture, of a joke. The naval officers are
sincere, hard-working, patriotic men,
their crews are ; well-drilled and ef
ficient, their ships are very worthy of
consideration. The nation's naval
strength will booh be recruited by two
new vessels of the 'dreadnaughf typ$,
now bullding-in this country.1
; "Almost, as completely as we have,
ourselves, has Argentina passed the
stage of priml ti ve development The
cities of the larger class, such as
Buenos Ayres and Boearlo, ..are well
planned, wall built, and have every
modern comfort , found in the larger
cities of the hemisphere's northern half.
Xart of Worth America.
"Buenos Ayres, with Its il.BOO.OOO In.
habitants, while known as the" 'Paris of
South America,, is, really, both in sit
uation and in enterprise, far superior
to the French capital. I know both
cities fairly well and speak from what
I know, It bas an excellent electric
train syRtem, a magnificent array of
public docks, imposing public buildings,
one of the finest opera houses in the
world,- and its jockey club and race
course are not equalled elsewhere in
the world.
. The splendid race courses and the
buildings which surround !t afford op
portunities for diversion to thousands
dally during the racing season and are
aiding constantly' In advancing the-Argentina
type of horses, which already
la quite worthy of consideration. The
tracks can scarcely .be said to be de
moralizing Influences, for only mutual
are sold on them, and 'these under the
most careful restrictions. The Jockey
club has a fine home in the heart of
the , city, very much like that of the
Union league of Philadelphia. Its pres
ident . Is Senator Benito Vlllanueva, a
statesman In the forefront of tho, social,
political and commercial life Of the
country. ',, ' ... ' .
"And the city is progressive. "Within
a few years It will have been rebuilt
in steel. Rents are very high, and 13
to l'4-story apartment buildings, of the
highest type found In New Tork city,
would pay handsomely, .
"It is not, however, as a field for
exploitation and Investment that Argen
tina, or South America in general.
snouia properly be viewed In the United
States. South America's importance to
us-Ues In the possibilities of general
and legitimate commerce. . Cloeef and
more .advantageous commercial rela
tions .between -the southern continent
and us are much to be desired and in
time will come.-, We are all republics,
working out -the-ideals of Independence,
personal? liberty and free citizenship In
the western world, . and as one pro
gresses, all progress.
The Pan-American Congresses.
The Pan-American congresses ""are
very useful Institutions. They are non
polltlcal. and are called to dfsctfss
problems In which all the nations rep
resented may .: cooperate. Topics as
widely- varying as ; the rates Of dis
count and the exchange of educators
were brought up at Buenos Ayres. In
ternational copyright - and trademark
laws were considered, the matter of col
lecting International bills was extensive
ly considered; other topics of considera
tion were common bills of lading and
consular -documents. , s This all sounds
dry; enough,, but the congress was not
dry. At last there has arisen real
feeling of community of Interest be
tween the nations of the two Americas
and ,this was very clearly shown at
Buenos Ayres. - .
"Buenos Ayres is a solendld ct. and
the delegates to the great conference
were a. splendid lot of men. ; Highly
intellectual and real exDerts In matter
of International importance,- they, met
cornany ana enthusiastically to ad
vance the Interests ; of both Americas.
The delegates remained in Buenos Ayres
two montns anex arter the conference I
was made minister plenipotentiary and
envoy extraordinary to go to Chile as
our representative at her Centenary
celebration. . Thus I had a splendid
chance to study ' general conditions in
widely separated portions of the conti
nent. While the conference was In prog
ress a , yisuea tsoima and the north
eastern Andes, for the purpose of study
ing the mineral resources pf the coun
try, its lumber land, etc.;: ;'
"Everywhere I, met good will toward
the United States. This Is something
to remember. The general Impression
hero seems to be that South Americans
are suspicious of us, , that there Is a
really strong prejudice agalnat us down
there. This is the result of plain trade
trickery by our competitors in the South
American market The f Impression Js
quite false, but has been spread and
nurturea ana Kept oerore our people to
make us think we would have difficul
ties if we tried, seriously, to go after
South American trade, Not only has
this false impression been prejudicial to
our commerce, but to broad politics
the politics which tend toward national'
brotherhood. : , , ;
Beginning to Understand Each Other
"More has been done by Secretary of
State Knox in 18 months to bring the
South American, ; people , to an. under
standing or our fairness and determine
lion not to interfere with their sover
eignty over their own territory, than
has been done In any previous 18 years.
When he took hold of things there
were existent In South America a num
ber of ' delicate situations, in which we
had the alternative of quarrels, more or
less serious, and the hunting out and
removal of the causes of Irritation with
out acrimonious discussion. Without
prolonging these difficult situations,
they have been brought to determina
tions which have been quite fair to both
sides. Thus has been. fostered the gen
eral belief that we are really square
dealers, and that ' has done 'much to
make us friends. There is not a single
controversy left now between any South
American nation and the. United States
which will Interfere with our coopera
tion on broad lines, politically and com
mercially. This is a very big and most
Important fact.". - ' .
''What effect has our digging of -the
Panama canal had On the sentiment
toward us in South America f I asked.
. "Entirely ' favorable. .; The , , South
Americans 'are -lmost as , much elated
as we are over the big ditch: '
'The whole southern continent Is de
lighted by the Increase of Interest which
we are showing In their affairs. In one
way or another.. In the past we have
been singularly short-sighted and in
different. At the Argentine world's fair,
for Instance, all we appropriated was
$75,000, ; while every European, nation
spent great sums in exhibits to help
trade. They took all Itlnds of trouble,'
went to almost unlimited expense, while
we sat back, paying little heed. In such
matters we have been remiss absurdly
so. - We have Actually discriminated, it
would seem, against oar next door neigh
bors. : Here are striking figures in
illustration of this fact I have spoken
of our action in regard to Argentine's
great exposition. Last year that coun
try bought of i US $34,000,000 worth Of
goods. We spent $75,000 on her exposition,-
The same year Japan bought $12,
000,000 less and for her exposition we
appropriated $1,500,000.- '
'That shows the measure of encour
agement which we, as a nation, have
given to our own trade with 8outh
America. If our " commerce with her
languishes,, can " we profess astonish
mentT , '3ut Individual enterprise from -the
United States baa come o the front
where government has failed. At this
same exposition our steel, railroad and
machinery if exhibits, walked away I with
the Whole thing. la many other lines
as well American firms made very cred
itable showings. . . . , ' .
South America Xdkes .Xto
'The Germans are the most success
ful and aggressive In battling for the
trade .of South Aroerloai While Ar
gentina raises sugar, the country Is too
dry for -her to raise enough to meet-her
own demand, and in this field,' which
the United States might well almost
monopolize. Germany,, has stepped In
with 30,000 tons of annual exports;
while we send but little.-
"But South America is anxious to do
business with us, and. is doing it In
spite of our own apathy. In nearly
every 'line in "which we exhibited we
carried off the gold medals and that
made its strong Impression, doubtless.
That In the year they bought $33,000,000
of us, In spite of our indifference, while
others, with established steamship lines
and active agents working In the field,
and buying more, got a less proportion
Of their trade, shows that they are
more than willing to do business with
us.. Among Important European car
goes are cement, and coaL The ships
which carry them get return cargoes
easily. We ought not to permit this.
We could easily work' up a coal trade
and that would mean that empty space
would go back to Europe. This Is only
one example of the opportunities which
we are neglecting. I shall not even
touch upon what might be and has not
been, dona.vconcernlng Yankee shipping?
but even without an increase in Ameri
can 1 vessels, a greatly increased trade
could be secured, even if it should be
necessary that It travel, for a time. In
foreign bottoms.
'The coal trade Is a striking Qiustra.
tion of neglected opportunities. We do
not get the trade because we do 1 not
work for it. and because we do not pro
tect ourselves against unscrupulous for
elgn competition. I looked into the mat
ter down In Rio.. Our coal,, there at
the docks, was better than the British
coal, but I talked with several chief-
engineers and found them, all declaring
tnat it was so rar Inferior as to be dan
gerous. The story actually was In circu
lation that American, coal, when stored
in Ordinary ways. Was likely to generate
such gases .as would blow. Its bunkers
out endangering property and life. That
is a rair sample of the work' against us
which is being done in this one trade,
and we are not making really sarldus
efforts to. combat such, unfair business
methods. Tou cannot conceive of the
strong, silent pressure which Is brought
to , bear In the trade competition of
the world," and, at least In South Amer
ica, we are prone to submit Indifferently
to misrepresentation and calumny."
V -Our Opportunities. ,
.: "In What'' I asked, "can we success,
fully compete, in south America, with
Germany and England r
"We are handicapped in any efforts
we can make by foreign ship supremacy
and foreign bank control," said Mr.
Nixon. "But the greater part of Argen
tina is like a mighty river bottom.
Rivers, at present form the best and
cheapest transportation, but the level
plains would make railroad construction
simple and rates for transportation low.
There Is an. opportunity for us, and one
In which we can compete with confi
dence, with anyone. For 30 years we
have been developing our - own middle
west where very similar problems were
presented, and so we know the business
better than any possible competitor.
Our railroad builders know better than
any railroad builders. in the world how
best to develop and serve great agricul
tural communities. i, r
'.'Indeed in almost every line of ma
chine trade we have, or easily might
have, the preference throughout Argen
tina and the whole of South America, If
we but went at the capture of this trade
intelligently and with persistence, and we
are, already, doing much to gain ft Each
European nation has some detail of the
traae which they supply, at present, bnt
the competition, if we entered it whole
heartedly; would be far from lnaur.
mountable. England, for Instance, has
secured ba small ,plow trade, but our
plows are superior; and are preferred
Where they can be obtained. The only
branch of agricultural machineW which
we have almost wholly failed" to properly
present m , ooum America, is thresh
ers. I discovered that ; they were,
throughout the country, buying British
threshers in preference to ours and pay
ing more for them than we were asking.
This aroused ray curiosity and I Investi
gated carefully. : There In n
what I discovered. The English machin-
&X JwL,f prgingftwhara . Qu-minefealle4.'-wlhtn-twr-or--thTerrnonTh8,
"-"& ; wmuujs, mr eucn pans
are cheaper, and, therefore, preferable
for the home trade, wherex renewafc in
case of breakage can be made at small
expense or time or money; but where
the machine Is to be 'sent to' South
America, for use at poinla remote from
in
transportation, the advantage of the ma
chine which shows least liability to ac
cident Is at once apparent. . The South
Americans are willing to pay proper
prices for machines which fit their
needs. In this case the machine which
waa adapted best to all their purposes
was that with iron parts least liable to
breakage, .Irrespective of first cost But
American agricultural machinery of
other sorts is making headway. Wher
ever! saw SO or 40 plows drawn by
tractors, a not uncommon sight I found
that they were almost all American.
Were Getting Trade.
"So we are, despite a general apathy,
securing trade, notwithstanding the im
portant fact that the English, have had
a great advantage in that they financed
and built a large proportion of the rail
roads of the country..
"These roads are, therefore, largely
under British control, and secured "their
general equipment from the British
manufacturers. The agents of these
manufacturers through this. ; came into
contract .with the agriculturists along
the lines) and placed general British
goods with, them without much diffi
culty, and, to; some extent secured,
thus, a monopoly, but the buy eVs, when
they, can get American goods, take
them.' 'r. ' ' ' .
. ."But for one reason or another they
find It easier to do business with fore
igners than with us. - Banks, the railroads
and a numerous ' governmental , agents
are all working for the foreign manu
facturer, while the moment any man
attempts to push the Interests of Am
erican products,, there will - be found
some reason, here at home, tof criticise
him. . This is most unfortunate.
"South America offers, now, a mighty
market, and ; will, in course of time,
demand almost everything we manu
facture. The great plain ranges in Its
temperature from the cold of Patagonia
to the heat of the tropic 'regions' a
the north. The vast levels of the river
bottoms offer an unrivalled richness to
tho agricultural ' experimenter. These
bottoms are deceptive, for, on their sur
face lays a sand layer of from 12 to
18 inches in thickness, which becomes
dusty in summer and appears to be In
fertile; but underneath that is a won
derfully rich, clay. Cattle raising has
been reduced to a fine art In Argen
tina; It Is au'lmpresgrve sight1 to see
literally millions of head roaming the
freat grass plains, and cattle, of a most
uperior character, at that . In Argen
tina beef you'll - see the little, streaks
of fat ' running through the lean whicli
means good, palatable beef,, whereever
Ht is found means tender beef. - Here
we feed partly with grain, which forces
meat-making, and puts fat on In what
might be called unnatural places. There
the' beef is grass fed almost -wholly,
and the fat comes where It was intend
ed. to by nature, making an attractive
beef. Farther south, in Patagonia, you
find ideal conditions ffr sheep raising.
Around Tecuman the vast plain offers
good sugar, raising territory. On the
east slopes" of the; Andes, wherever
transportation is securable, English
companies are taking lumber out So
you see they are progressing.' -The
Cattle.
"But the cattle Interested me, es
pecially. I have never seen such spenv
did herds. They are not plain range
beasts. New, blood Is infused, continu-,
ally, regardless of expense. James J,
Hill did this In the Dakota and accom
plished wonders; It is "done everywhere
In South America. : He bred, cattle in
the northlands -which would get fat on
bllazards, and, ; down there, every na
tural condition is as Intelligently met
In the Argentine ; they literally think
nothing, it would seem, of paying $100,
000 for a stallion and corresponding
prices for their bulls and rams. ,
-Everywhere, where It wns tvnrM
as I traveled through the various coun
tries, I went Into the homes, and every
where J saw strong evidences of really
happy domesticity and --. progressive
luuugni. ureat strides are being made
in popular education. I had especially
opportunities for observing . details of
the life of every dayamong the workers
in the slaugher houses, in the tanneries
and on the railroads.
"Labor has not . reached the dhrnrty,
T?5ei.rhl?h H has reached in
the United States, any mor than it has
reached In the United States, the, dig
nity which It should and which it' will,
eventually, win. But conditions In this
regard are bettering throughout ., South
America. More and more nra th or.
Wcratio classes learning that i there Is
a title -of nobility in , honest and . in-
lei.iKcnt iou more worthy of ; real
recognition than any which mere wealth
or, high position can confer. Here in
the United States we honor -men th.
more who rise to eminence from humble
irvBi mat mey nave not done this,
generally, to Soutfa Axrtortcst has been
" "iiu".ttii , upon , tne continent But
vT1? J" a5"11?5 correcting this aj?d j
Z, i , curK,'"ns. success and real
ability, in Industry are getting, now. to
ber as honorable as patents of heredity
or of political preference, and that Is a
fv f's"- uevempment indeed,
is a tremendous step straight in ad
vance for the Latin races to the south
ward of us.'. ., v
The Governments Are' Stable.
"I wlh to say another word or two
oiu. governmental ' . stability down
there" said. Mr. - Nixon,' very earnestly.
Nothing could be more absurd than the
impression which I find Is general In
me uniww estates that the whole con
tinent Is likely to, be unset bv rnuni,,.
tlons at almost'any time. In the two
countries Of Chilf and the Argentine,
the firmness md the permanence of the
republic are as well assured as are our
own. ;'inere ls-4n evldenoe throiirhnnt
these countries a gratifying evidence of
respect for law and order. ' The sense
of trueresponsibility on the part of
public men is admirable. Take, for ex
ample, the i'ww: cabinet of President
Saenspena. Its - members are among
w autcei ana me strongest nubile men
to be found m the republic men of ex
perience and capacity In. administration
of public affairs. The minister of pub
lie affairs, Ernesto Bosch, would be . a
credit to the oldest nation in the world.
He Is no crude South' American; but an
able man whev won the respect of all of
Europe when he was minister ' to
France. The minister of public works
Ramos-Mexiai is. one , of. the most nch
table fconetrucUve sUtesmen, not only
In the Argentine, but In the world. And
the other members of . the cabinet are
men .of like, splendid caliber men very
different from .the men whom North
Americans seem prone to think of when
South American statesmen are men
floned. These men and hundreds like
them are devoted with a wondrous sin
gle heartedness to their country's in
terests. Even the suspicion of a 'Job'
In which they would participate is In
conceivable. Like many e more great
South Americans, they are as far above
suspicion as the wife of Caesar, v Never
in my life have I Been such- a body of
extremely able m"n as this same Ar
gentina cabinet There Is,I must reit
erate, no more, chance of governmental
upsets there, than there Is here. As an
actual example of the permanency of
South American Institutions, the case of
Chill may be cited. ' Chill" has no vice
president but Jhe constitution provides
that when the President dies the head
of the cabinet shall becom viv
dent and acting" president; but that an
election of a new president shall be
ChOl Calm la Crisis.
""i w viuu vno aeam or tne presl-
dent was followed, almost immediately,
by' the death of the acting, president.
It was a most extraordinary situation
and, had the government not been ahn.
lulely stable, would have offered Ideal j
opportunities for agitators. The consti
tution provided that the senior member
of the cabinet should then act. .
"Had there been the slightest hesita
tion or tendency toward quibbling, there
might have been a long and dangerous
dispute as to which of two men aliould
act; but there was none. The senior
member of the dablnet was promptly
Installed without protest. A convention
was then called mark you, the word is
singular! I do not say 'conventions,'
each of a different party, were then
called. A convention was then called
one convention, representing all the par
ties. The. nation realized that a real
crisis In Its government confronted It;
the delegates to the convention realized
this, also unselfishly and patriotic
ally. They began their work with the
true dignity of statesmen and all the staid
solemnity , of a meeting of the respon
sible directorate of a great bank. There
were no bickerings nobody showed a
sign of 'playing politics. Baros-Luco
was nominated and has since, been
chosen president unanimously. ' Thtnk
of that fftr Just a moment please, when
next you hear talk of the Instability of
South American republics. All the par
ties were quite satisfied by his elec
tion.! -;. . .. :;
Things Worth Can Xara of. South,
V" "Was this the sort of thing which the
average uninformed ItUen of the
United States expects of a 'raw' South
American republic? Was that & sigh
tnat Chill is a land of revolutions?
There was great rejoicing, everywhere'
mrougnoui tne nation, when it was an
nounced -tljat Baros-Luco had been
chosen, for It was admitted generally
that he was the "best man. for the place.
i aiienaea every meeting of the conven
tion, and even many of the caucuses.
and I never saw so fine a spectacle of
high class political machinery smoothly
at work in time of national necessity.
it maae me do a lot of thinking. There
are things which South America can
learn from North America, but there Is
a possibility that there may be things
in south America which North America
mignt eiuay with some profit ,
"Nor is South America, in these davs.
the land of the manana. The people
take no pride In their far, Indolent
Spanish origin. They are Americans
and glory in it ' Every man who has
gone aown rrom here, who has beeh
willing to do actual work, has been suc
cessful in Chili. It is easy fc make
money. there. If one has honesty. , Intel
ligence and Industry.; They arenas In
dependent too, aa the old New England
Tankee was. They detest , and quickly
resent patronage. They welcome oo
operation, but will not tolerate assumed
superiority? nor is ther"any reason why
they should. ' ,: ': :-V; , ,
'The type of European lmmiirrsntii
who are going out , to South America
and , settling there Is at least as good as
that which now Is coming here. They
are the men who have been brouc-ht im
hard, have learned to eat close to the
rino. rrugai, saving and constructivM.
they are real nation builders. South
America is getting Just the type of im
migrant ;she wants, and is not letting
In the. type she does not want .
The railroad s tuatlon. down
bas been especially . well handled. In
ine Argentine the railroads are under
the control, of the minister of nh)
works. The government has made large
Duma mrougn railroad building, by hold
ing back the sale of public lands, when
roads were being pushed toward them,
Until the noads arrived and host ,
hanced the value of the. lands. In this
way nas the government made mighty
profits, making low taxation possible.
Public Works Wen Handled.
"Public1 works are most Intelligently
handled, generally, by - our i southern
neighbors. I was much Impressed bv
the provident character , of the proced
ure in the dredging operations which
are now preparing the approaches ' to
Buenos Ayres harbor. Before the ao
tual work was started storerooms, re
pair shops and a general ntamv at the
-finest type which money could secure,
iiuu oetsn conoiructea. so when tho ac
tual work- began it went on without
avoidaUe delays, , and, because there
was at hand the very highest type of
plant for its promotion, without errors
of incompetence In man or in machine.
The harbor works at Buenos Ayres hlght
well offer an example to our own great
government .,.;,.?
,'Tt Is my personal opinion ; that irf
the rational and rapid development of
znenctiy trade and political relational
wim im bouui American republics, Mr.
Knox has done our nation a great ser
vice.; When the people of one nation do
business with - the people of another,
the governments of the nations are, of
sheer necessity, brought - into " closer
friendly contact We are really oc
complishlng real things in South Amer.
ica through Mr. Knox, an.d Charles
Hitchcock Sherlll. our minister to Ar.
gentina, largely through whose efforts
the contracts for two battleships have
oeen securea oy North American firms,
has-been and is an able second.
"Everywhere throughout th Rnnth
American republics much is being done
in irrigation, wnicn is also a s-ood Mm.
The Mitre law, designed to put railroad
bulialng, exploitation ad management
upon a permanent basis, securing both
to state and operators proper compen
sation, and to the .public proper rates
and- service. Is worth 6tudy among us.
In the first place railroad equipment Is
all imported free of duty, and no taxes
upon noiaings are to be assessed till
1947.; A tax of 8 per cent on earnings
is exacted, but this i per cent must be
expended,- not upon the railroad proper,
oui m mas-ing territory through which
the line may pass a better feeder to iu
xms includes construction of good
country roads and bridges and such
admirable enterprises. It adds to the
land s .wealth and earning power and
to the railroads. This, r onine. is em.
plre building, spelled with capitals. No
water Is allowed in railroad stock. The
law was drawn with the sole object of
developing and encouraging efficiency
in operation mat is to say: if in three
years gross earnings exceed 17 per cent
Interest on the stock and bond canital.
the government has the nnchallen gable
privilege or instantly revising tariffs
downward. I do not say that such a
law would' be met there by watering the
Stock, but I do say that there, it can
not be thus , met , - ' ,, -.
American Xnrestment,
"American investment' In the Argen
tine Is confined almost wholly to the
meat industry. The La Plata works; a
few miles from : Buenos Ayres, have
made magnificent development. :The
f hip to Europe , vast aggregates of
cnuiea neei, employing ror this exporta
tion a Whole une of steamers.
"At present South America's most
puazling problem is its lack Of fuel
Coal costs $, at the seaboard and $14
to $20 ! in the mountains. It -will be
hard, even if coal exists, aa has been
claimed, on the west slope of the Andes,
to get It across the mountains. Rail
road fuel is mostly quebracho ; wood.
This Is a heavy handicap.
".The, mention of Its brings to mind a
failure- of 'American manufacturers to
get control of the big locomotive mar
ket offered by the Argentine. For loco
motives ordered from a North Ameri
can firm copper fire boxes and flues
were specified.' Our builders scorned
this detail, not ' understanding it It
really . was due to the peculiarities of
this wood fuel We sent steel boilers
and.,,BteelJflr.eJboxesand,no.wthe-.ii.
gines all He m the scrap heap,, hsving
been replaced by English locomotives,
whose builders did as they, were told to
do In specifications. ,
If we wish to get our share of the
great, trade which it is increasingly In
the '...power of South America .to
give us, . we must adapt,, our.
"Madame 'HatJo; Popular
" ' - ' . """"
v
, Pretty Actress Wearing the Famous nat.
That the stage leads, rather than fol
lows, In the matter of feminine fash
ions, is i Indicated by . the great popu
larity of the new ."Madame X" hat, per
haps the most popular of an the fall
models of .women's beadgoar. . This h&t.
Of which a, great many are now seen
in Portland, first came into notice in
Paris when BisSon's celebrated drama
"Madame X," which Henry W. Savage
is to offer at the Hellig next Sun
day, was first produced.
- The hat is worn in the- first act by
Jacqueline,' the heroine of the -play,
and is such a hovel conceit that- the
famous milliners of Paris were work
ing overtimes to fill orders before the
play was a week old.
Several prominent local department
elves mora readily. to their conditions,
and , meet them as -the foreign manu
facturers are meeting -them. South
America is anxious to do business with
us. As soon M we show any willing
ness to really meet her needs, we shall
control our rightful share of her -whole,
trade which we do not at present do."
ACCUSED OF SWINDLING i
, r UNDERWORLD DENIZENS
' (Halted Pmi Uued Wlri.i .' ?
Tacoma,- Wash, Dec 8. H. L, Hack
ett of Seattle, is on trial In the federal
court charged with Impersonating a so
cret service officer Hackett's scheme,
according to the testimony at hand, .was
worked- in the Tacom tenderloin, dis
trlct where ha Informed the denizens
that he was a secret service man sent
out to 8eaf tie , to work for the election
of John T. Wilson as senator. Hackett,
It Is said, told those people that he
desired the election, as county prosecu -J
tor, oi oue xejsumg oi Deatue ana mat
It was up to the Tacoma district to lino
up for WelstUng, , It Is said the re
strjpted district people actually put up
money for the supposed campaign of
the Seattle man.'
BRIDGING BOTH OCEANS
'': '".I.": ' 'V'K
Alveolar Dentistry
Has Becomo International
DOES AWAY ENTIRELY WITH PLATES AND BRIDGE WORK
Truth Travels Slowly
A little over seven years , ago ' the
patents . were issued or the Alveolar
met bod. of dentistry, the rights were
acquired by the Rex Dental Co., west
of the Missouri river and by the Q.
Gordon Martin Cor east. About 80,000
people In the United States are now
wearing teeth replaced-by this method.
Less than one year ago the rights were
disponed or across tne oceans. - At pres
ent there Is one or more Alveolar offices
In most of the large cities of Great
Britain, Europe and Japan. This alone
speaks volumes, tpr the system. , , ,
Class-A Dentistry . .'
' There are about 1800 persons In this
city and state who really know what
class A dentistry means. - Wev have
served about 1800 patients heTe. They
have paid for ana are wearing Rex
Dental Co. work. .We claim to. do the
highest class and most nearly perfect
dentistry on earth. We SAY ON EARTH.
There are many dentists who equal us
on some one thing his specialty; But
there is no one inan that we have ever
Seen or heard of who can approach us
In every branch of dental science and
skill. We employ Only the most expert
operators, those known . as dental gen
iuses, What we have learned from
each of these 64 skilled, men we' have
retained and maintained In all our 11
offices. Not many dentists will volun
teer to Impart It to you and many will
deny It to you, but any dentist who
knows our work (and most, of them do),
if, asked, and honest, will bear us out
In this claim. The writer has traveled
Europe and America,' attended many of
the leading colleges and clinics on both
continents, and visited and Inspected
the work of a great many dentists who
stand high in the profession.' and. 1
truthfully say to you that I have never
seen a dentist nor an- association of
dentists, whose ' work would compare
favorably with that of the Rex Dental
Co. - Unfortunately for the cuhllc f and
fortunately for1 the dentists generally),
90 per cent of the people do not know
what Class A. or even first-class den
tistry from our standpoint means.
Ninety-nine per cent -of our patients
wiH-aweer-by-Mis and -nrwork." ieww
were to make a single failure it would
be heralded through this city and other
cities where we have offices by den-
usis uxe some great catastrophe. ,
, Unusual in Quality
There is no satisfaction In lonkln
lees than altogether right at any time.,
I stores are featuring the new "Madame
a hat because of Its popularity among
the new models of early fall millinery.
It is , fashioned of handsome black
Lyons velvet crown with a brim of two
pleated ruffles of real old sliver lace,
edged -with: narrow black satin. ' Th
trimming consists of two clustered tas-'
sels of old silver and black satin balls,
and a medium sized bow of duchess
satin at the left side, with tassels be
ing hand made. - The new "Madame X"
hat has come rapidly into favor as an
Ideal piece of mourning headgear. If
worn while in mourning, a blAck taffeta
silk material la substituted for the
crown Instead of the Lyons silk velvet
described above, and pleated black silk
or lace for the brim with a black silk
bow. and cluster of black silk balls.
APARTMENT HOUSE TO .
COVER 26 LOTS AND "
BE WORLD IN ITSELF
4 (TJnlted fna Ltwm1 Wtre.) '
4 New Tork, Dec. 8. Ocean liners""
that have all the comforts of home
will be rivaled by a great apart-'
ment house to be built on upper
Broadway. ' The building will cover
26 city, lots and will be a marvel
although beyond the reach of the .
average apartment house dweller.
? Among the conveniences will be
4 a hospital, kindergarten, bowling 4
alleys, gymnasium, swimming pool,
4 roller skating, rlnlc,. tennis courts.
ice rink in winter, playgrounds on
4 the roof and restaurants, grills and
buffets. -An arcade will be built
on the fjrst floor in, which", will 4
4 be ft model dairy, butcher shop and
drug store. A chapel may be
4 added to make the place complete.
4 Rents, !t Is . estimated, will run 4
from $1300 to $180i per year.
'- r
Eugene men bagged hundreds of ducks
Sunday; "the air seemed full of Jhem:"v
If Alveolar -Teeth are absolutely right
that is beautiful, comfortable, natural
looking and life everlasting, and it
costs no more than brldgework, the
best of which la never entirely right
would you not prefer it? .We have
treated many hundreds of the best peo
ple of this olty and state and if there
are any who are not entirely satisfied
we Tould like to know It Our Inter
ests are mutual, our business has grown
to be the largest high class dental bust-'
ness In the World. There must be-a,
reason. ' Twas ot by accident
. Briefly, the alveolar method Is this?
If you have two or more teeth left la
either Jaw, we can supply" all that you
have lost with teeth as good, solid and
sound as the best set of natural teeth
ever grown in; any human being's
mouth, and a whole lot more beautiful
than nature's beet product without re
sorting, to such makeshifts as partial
plates and the unsanitary brldgework.
Alveolar teeth are not only beautiful,
but they are comfortable and durable.
We guarantee them to last a lifetime,
where the longevity of brldgework Is
seliom ever longer than 5 or 6 years
ancT generally a good deal less. It Is
never guaranteed to last by, any first
class dentist who is responsible and re
liable, ' because all first-class dentists
will tell you that brldgework at best
Is doubtral. It is a painful operation
and gives trouble from the time It is
put in the mouth until it has to be
taken out In many cases where bridge
work la impossible and in ail cases
where It is possible, we can replace
your missing teeth with perfect alveo
lar teeth. The pain Incident to this
work is practically none; tha expense
is the same as the best brldgework
but In satisfaction there is no com
parison between the two.
We have samples in our office to
show at all times hundreds of patients
hare.in our home city to refer to. im
fact we t would feel safe in referring
to most every occupant of this, the Ab
lngton building, where our offices are
located. We have and are doing the
dental. work for most of them and their
families, including elevator boys, jani
tors and manager. Seems nice to have
one's neighbors think well of htm. Ex
aminations and booklets on nivriai
dentistry are absolutely fr .
nemeniDor mat in addition to our
specialty, alveolar dentlstrv nrt mrinr
pyorrhea (loose teeth), we are experts
in every branch of donUstry from the
simple, filling up, -. , ,
TEX RES DTWTA1 CO, DEJmSTS.
juii Awn jura sc. i
Sundays, 10 to .12. K'p the address.'
inrnu 10 rename people.