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n-rrnnf .t 'U - --':". Vu , !
A an hiA trctl8. I'oruanu. ur.
-,1 t th p.(,.ffi-e t Portion.!, Or., for
tion throasb tlio maiU aa icoid-clas
T i i T HOVF3 Main, T1T1; nroe. A Wt.
All V;.artm"iH roarhrd hf hme rnnilxr.
1.1! tbe cjwrator what dpprtmnt yoa wnt
renrios Anvi-imsisG m?i rksrstaititb,
p-ninitiin A Kcntnor Brnnawl-k BulMin.
'l-ifih .Tfii'ie, Ke Xork; JOOT-W Bojce
Building,' Cbl.ago. ' ' ' '' ' ;
f.h,cr)ntlfm T-rm hr mull ti r addiual
la Uie tolled StatM, tJondJi or Mexico; -j
, TA1LT. a ' '''
BPSDAT, -r;
ne year..,..,fc43.rKH On" nwmth.'..,.-
, '.--.: OAXLT AA'D SUKDAt. '.' ' i
n rar.....TJM t On nonta.. 8
Method Jg rood In T1 tMng.
Order governs the world. . Tb
devil la the author of confusion. -
Jonathan Shrift
PORTLAND'S . CENSUS
RUTVINQ newspapers ar evi
A dence of how:' Portland has
A been victimized by an inconv
pctont federal census. For tlra
first -time in hiBtory this town Is
heralded bs a city ot fiction and
fraud
- The Butte News gives to Its 'Wash
ington news story of. the cut in Port
land's population, these head lines;
'Tortl and is in census scandal. Rose
City and the'rlvai city of Seattle both
falsified. Enumerator expert3 strike
off thousands, j. Transient construc
tion gangs ot Japanese laborers and
other : laborers counted in."
. The headlines in the St. Paul Pioneer-Press
are as follows: : "Recount
makes cities' smaller. Bat official
census ; figjirea ive Portland 207,
2H, and Seattla 237,194,. .Frauds
called deliberate."
The Detroit News exploits its news
story with this heading: , Unique
methods' to pad census. Portland
and Seattle $hrinkr In size when re
count ' la ; taken. . ' Director Durand
finds .that names of transients were
need lri . flrst figurea., 1-
The concluding "sentences ' in ; the
News' account of the cut run thus:
'."Several enumerators in Portland as
signed large numbers of names to va
cant lots or buildings containing no'
residents. One enumerator in check
ing np some slips fonnd that his own
name ' appeared ' on frre different
clips. One ' railroad, grading; gang
which possibly was at one time em
ployed in Portland, but' which-at the
time of the enumeration was in Mon
tana, was counted- In one, district
an: enumerator, listed over 1100 per
sons as residents ot some business
establishment . Qver ' 100 persons
were enumerated asl residents of a
certain Japanese church." .
. These are samples of the : ex
ploitation" Portland : has been . given
throughout the .teormtry' by newspa
pers carrying press dispatches. It Is
an undeserved publicity ; brought
about by an incompetent and inef
fective census' system, conducted by
incompetent officials. It implies that
Portland people were parties to a
stuffed count,: whn, ,1a fact, 'Port
land people neither sought nor de
sired to , have the total enow one
name more than the number to'which
Portland was entitled. , , , ,
The count was under census au
thority, and census, authority alone.
No citizen ; had access to the
lists, or . surveillance of the blanks.
The central authority at Wash
ington .; devised 'the "plans,-, ap
proved the methods,- issued ,the in
structions, arranged the details and
selected persons to preside over the
enumeration. It wSs a census enter
prise, and wholly a census enterprise
from beginning to end. The' results
achieved were the fruit of census
methods directed by census experts
so-called and carried ; Out by census
rules. J And the result of it Is a most
scandalous misrepresentation i of a
well-bred,, well-behaved and well-ordered
city. Matchless indeed," is the
schema of our wonderful, wonderful
census. ' -, i t '" -
' .A LEGISLATIVE PUTT
ERE IS A late issue of the
I J banoa " Express, carrying six
I calls 1 for district meetings of
. taxpayers for the purpose of
voting special tax levies tor improve
ment of the roads.' The districts are
all in the vicinity of Lebanon. The
levies are made i under the M. A.
Miller, law giving taxpayers authority
to vote special levies up to. 10 mills
for road improvement, -.
The incident is worthy of note by
members of the legislature." Similar
activity is probably on la road dls-
tricts all over, the' state; 'r Under a
practical plan for practical- men, it
Is likely that much could be accom-
plifihed la - road building Jn Oregon.
The difficulty. in the pa4 and the;
difficulty now Is the 'lack of -systematic
improvement The hasty
and haphazard repairs of today are
temporary, and twlli disappear to
morrow. The work' of yesterday and
of the past 40 years is lost because I
not refmancnt. " The road laws have
lirrn as changeable and unstable as
the road officials; and the officials
ns variable In their plans as the
n rather la Its moods.'
The point has been reached- where
roadtnaMiis ehould be systematized.
11 is the duty of tbe coming legisla
ture to evolve, a practical system for
practical building. It should be a
plan so simple, so 'practical aud, eo
rfffrtlvo as to command , universal
m y,jr,l co,T'riauculIi' kot
1 leaiu r be subject- to constant
d a o s.c. . It should ' be such as will
fppeal to the farmers, for their !co
wt tat ion ' is essential to 'sticreRS.t; It
tiuiilu H Hi in ate th' desultory and
' iy principles that v ill make for
u'.'ilitj- and permanence.
it is ti:e amy oi iu irjiuiiuiio iu
address itself to this problem. One
! good, sensible, constructive road bill
wm k WOrth more than a thousand
. .. i,
0I tno petty mV-lsUI e ' lUttl. uauaujr
find their way into the average ses
sion. ,If the members will enact such
a blll'lt will be some evidence that
they were worthy of election:
PAIR .i .V- .
THE SUM OF $22,073 waspald
by Mayor Simon "yesterday to
.the Portland Railway. Light &
Tower company, . The money
went for payment ot street righting
during the Lane " administration,
street lighting that Mayor Lane al
ways claimed was never furnished.
Lane's contention was backed up by
experts whom he hadv examine ' the
street lighting during the process of
Its delivery, to the city. It was also
backed up by the members of May
or Lane's, executive board who in
sisted at the time and still insist,
that the lighting for which payment
is now made was never furnished.
As the matter happened - during
the Lane administration, by what
process has Mayor Simon reached the
conclusion thatie : city; owed tthe
companys,$22,073, no more, no less?
From what data other than that sup
plied by the Portland Railway, Light
& Power company did,he make his
finding?-, , -
- The mayor .did not consult ex-May-,
or Lanel He did not consult the exn
pert whei supplied technical - infor
mation as to the lighting to Mayor
Lane; v- He. did hot consult the mem--bers
of ; the Lane executive board
Whom did be consul except tae
Portland Railway, ; Light & Powef
company, and in such a transaction
la Information from that source safe
for , the city?, ; , ,. ; ' "
The company's original elaim was
$29,500. In Lane's time the com
pany insisted that , $ 2 9 ,5 0 6 was the
correct : amount ;, due; 'In Simon's
time,.by accepting $22,078, It Admits
that more than $7000 of the claim
was wrong' If more than $7000 of
it was wrong, how does Mayor Simon
knenv that more of It'waa not wrong?
A ;GOOD SORT OP EDUCATION
T
in? DEPARTMENT of agricul
ture has sent out & bulletin out
lining the importance, of teach
ing , the youth of the nation
"how to make money in agriculture,"
telling what has been accomplished,
and explaining how "best to proceed
In order to engage the attention of
the boys" and girls, , The possibilities
In this field of "development 'are al
most illimitable. ' ,
' It Is stated that only, one (n, every
600 young people In the rural dis
tricts of the United States ever en
ters an agricultural college. This
one gets a valuable agricultural ed
ucation, but what of the 499? It is
also estimated that only three per
cent of the children and young peo
ple of the country districts ever get
beyond the district schools, v The gov
ernment urges efforts to reach this
great majority of uninBtructed youth
by means of Farmers' Institutes for
Ypung People,- The government, has
been doing excellent work In in
structing fanners how to; cultivate
theiland and raise more and better
crops, which is good aa far as it goes,
but what is desired is, the Instruction
along . the same line of the young
people,? the toys and glrla, so that
on . arriving : at ; maturity ; they rwlll
not only know how to make the most
of agriculture'; but so that a far
larger proportion, of them , will be
content to remain on the farms.
But to effect this object boys and
girls trihst first be interested.. . The
favorite method of" attracting, them
Is "by means ot contests. ) Prizes are
awarded for the' best crops of dif
ferent sorts, to be competed 'for at
county or district fairs! ' This plan
has been already adopted in' many
states, jnotably in" Minnesota, where
last year there . were 1 4 8 meetings
of such societies, with' an aggregate
attendance of 12,400 young people,
all sealously interested in producing
the most and best pt certain crops
on small areas of land. In some
states, particularly In the south,
these contests center on corn grow
ing. But it could be potatoes,' straw
berries, . alfalfa, , or any one of ' a
dozen other products. Thli is a sort
of education worth while.
A ; OOTTOir PICKING MACIWVR
0
NE OF , THE most wonderful
machines ever .' invented, one
of the greatest triumphs of
mechanical invention, is the
new cotton picking machine, . It is
i said to be as great an Invention as
Whitney's cotton gin was In its day.
The greatest difficulty in inventing a
machine for picking cotton consists
in the necessity for it to discriminate
between' the open and the unopened
bolls. "Unlike wheat, the cotton of a
t Held is ndt all ready to harvest at
once. : When" a portion of the bolls
open out they, must he picked,' and
those -not yet open left ji be picked
later. In this respect it is like mel
ons or strawberries. Now this ma
chine, pretty , well . periected - after
many ( years' '"effort ' and repeated
trials and failures,1 fill pick the ripe
or opened cotton and leave the gseen
or unready bolls' not-only Hihpicked
but uninjured, and in doing this it
is1 said to move along a row about
as fast as a. man would walk.
' This-, machine, when perfected, as
H-no doubt will bet will enable cot-
tea-grower- rale--TTioch - lrrr
crops, for.tbelr principal trouble hatf
been the uncertainty of hand labor,
A planter with a larp crop could
never be sure of .'getting1 it all ;ha-'
vestcd; ''''-Besides; it can be harvested
by hand j ii kin
A writer la V. o Wt.'rl.'.'s'v.'ork rc
lates that ono man, after t ;nz what
tftia machine d!.l, bail it could do
everything but- talk and vote th
Democratic 'ticket; and that most of
the farmers felt as the old woman
did who, on first seeing a hippopota
mus, walked around it several times,
viewed it carefully, and then turned
away with the "remark, "There ain't
no such t-lng."
MRS. SAGE'S GOOD WORK
HEN RUSSELL SAGE died he
left none of his $100,000,
000 or 'so; to philanthropy,
and nearly all of it to his
wife; s'he, having, a larger, better
lighted soul than ho, is making noble
use of the great fortune. Year after
year has ' witnessed public benefac
tions at he hand that will be in the
aggregate of incalculable benefit to
her city and state. She.;'glves not
money outright in hand to tho needy,
but what Is far better she gives so
as to: help them to help themselves,
and become Independent and solf-re-specting.
f '
Her latest "foundation" Is in
tended to enable families In moder
ate or. rather poor-circumstances to
Invest: in. sub u rban homes at " mini
mum cost; paying enough to yield a
fair profit n the investment. It
might be said that she gives nothing:,
then, bnt she provides the land, and
houses, purchased and; built on a
large scale, at cost or thereabouts, so
that purchasers can buy homes much
more cheaply than ' they, could ot
speculators. She makes easy terms,
and they can pay for their homes in
a few c years , with the money that
they would have paid in the city for
rent She bestows no direct and pos
itive charity but 'she helps hundreds
of families i to get homes of their
own. This is not only exceedingly
helpful to them, but ft la beneficial
to society. - -.'.
u; a: ; , 1 t'-V" '.J .
. The campaign for another election
la, on in 'Great, Britain, and already
we begin to. read of violent assaults
on prominent public speakers. Home
Secretary. Winston Churchill ,was the
victim of one .; of. thtse disgraceful
and barbarous exhibitions , Tuesday!
evening. The rowdyism and -yielence
at British hustings are a cnrlous phfr
nomenon,' considering the high state
of civilization in that conntry and
the general conservatism of its peo
ple. ; We of the United States are
supposed la England -to be raw. and
rowdy,-, "wild and' woolly,".. In com
parison with Britishers, " but-, any
thing of this sort rarely occurs in
this 'country. v A public - political
speaker Is almost invariably listened
to quietly and respectfully, by. those
who differ .as7 well as by those whso
agree wjth him, - It looks as if some
missionary work on decent behavior
at legitimate public ' meetings .was
needed in Great Britain.
r Dr. David Starr Jordan, a keen ob
server, of contemporary events and
tenaencies, says the insurgent Is a
thinker, and in a majority of cases
is a college graduate The insurgent
,was loved in the west, that Is gradu
aung eaca yea? aoout 3000 men
"whp believe that the Dartmouth col
lege; case, with its doctrine which
festers 'special privilege, should be
modified; the modification to be that
a franchise involves obligation, and
that no grant should be made with
out a corresponding duty, and that
the time i when rights of .value are
given !-awayr without corresponding
obligation in return should end." He
also points out, as others have done,
that wherever the Republican party
has followed tho calLof - the : insur
gent it has .maintained Its hold, and
wherever It stood pat the Democrats
won. , Insurgency is intelligent and
rctsyeciti uio.
?M'' -';-:-',-.. ""'' J:-,'v't'7''-
"The December World's Work has
an. interesting Illustrated article by
Randall R. Howard on "A Railroad
Fight for an Empire," being an ac
count of the invasion of the great
Oregon "Hinterland," so Jong kept
desolate by the "Harriman fences,'
The map shows that this vast region.
Into which; for many years no rail
road was permitted to penetrate, in
eluded not only the greater part of
Oregon 'but northeastern California,
northern Nevada and southwestern
Idaho as wen a region "so big", that
one could put mto It the states of
New York and Ooniectlcut, aid have
enough left over 'to' make i : two or
three of the smaller eastern states."
The article, though no news here,' is
wen written,. and win be of value to
Oregon in attracting the attention
of the World's, Work's eastern read
ers to this region.
Elsewhere on this page Is printed
an article from the 4Bandon Eagle
that Portland business men ought to
consider. It .Is an old story, but in
one form or another must be repeat
ed 'until action is-taken,, and 1
steamship line is established between
this city, and the rich, productive
and resourceful Coqullle valley. . , As
the Eagle ' says, ; Bandon and the
country back of It will do their part
Portland is not showing due enter
prise In this matter. "' , 1 1 .
Much: ore.corn was raised In
Oregon this year than in- any pre
vious year. Of course Oregon can
ralso corn, and in some places and
to some extent it will paf well to
do so. .-For, one thing, proper culti
vation: of a cornfield puts .the land
in good shape for another crop. . -
TJtc -ranroaasTrTBambrlnrrfbr
higher ..freight rates, but might they
not' better,, or at ' least concurrently
with this demand, make a concerted,
syBVtp alined offort to stop tho enor
mous waste.' : tuui: 1 ari&i observers
I us founi in tl.eir r ; ; it : --?
I i - I). Brandois, .a :.r-I : 1
lawyer nni a thorough sr-l ri '.l.lli
Inv..'t,tIg;itor, declares that iacfricl.'ut
railroad management causes a 'raste
of over $1,000,000 a day, nearly
$400,000,000 a year. Much cf this
waste is in the use of fuel, a larg-5
portion of the heat power of cal
being wasted. Soma railroads are
improving in this respect, are re
ducing the amount of waste, but the
testimony not. only of Mr, .Brandels
but of other exports leads to the con
thision that the railroads could save
a vast sum annually without impair
ing their service, and 'so render In
creased freight rates unnecessary.
For the second time the Califor
nia supreme court has reversed the
conviction of Louis Glass, vice pres
ident and general , manager of the
Pacific States Telephone & Telegraph
company, convicted of bribery. There
is too technicality too microscopic to
serve as a ground for some courts
decisions in favor of higher-ups con
victed of crime, " . ' - '
Russia is also going to build a big
navy, considering wnai : nappenea
to the last one- it had, it would bet
ter save its money, or spend it for
something ! useful. ' ' '
A Victory for rersonal Liberty."
Portland. Nov. 2S.The the Editor of
The Journal Ths press dispatches call
the provision adopted by. the Arizona
constitution makers, which prohibits fu
ture legislatures ' Irom jxcludlng , rrom
practice -any school of medicine, a vic
tory jot Christian: science ana osteo
pathy, i It may t b that, but it r Is a
great, deal more it Is a. victory for
personal liberty. It say ' that every
one anall neve th right to his wh
choice of a doctor without state interi
ference. k And why not? In nearly all
the states : this right Is now flenled,
either directly or indirectly. For one
or more schools there are state aid.
state protection, compulsory laws In
flicting, their practices (as -in com
pulsory 'vaccination, ' compulsory antl-.
toxin, the -treating consumptives like
lepers, :; eta) fof outside v systems of
healing there are presecution, prosecu
tion, flnoa and Imprisonment This state
of affairs discourages-ana drives out
dragles hearers, keeping .their- number
down to the brave minimum of fighters;
hm nA AhM,. .tit: Auroinn
r::"---i" IJi irr";.:
their eysteiihst and ' prove them , to. the
world. The - writer was once In a
trange-city with a sick child on her
hands. 'None of the 'various drugless
doctors could at that time be found In
that whole city, owing to the reasons
just stated. ;'. The respilt was that proper
treatment was not given the child, who
died .s have countless numbers of oth
ers under the care: of an approved M.
D. (the best hat could be got) who.
knew llttte of the art of -healing, ,. It
waa a 'horrible injustice;'-'"';:;:"
Hundreds or thousands , win hall .the
victory irt Arizona as a- presage, of free
dom from, medical domination for the
whole country. It la coming, and those
who are able read the signs of the
times mow tii at the day Is not far dis
tant -. CORNELIA WILLIAMS.
. Conditions in the Korttt End.
Portland, Or., JCov. ,l7.-To the
Editor of The JournalTheTS has been
quite an agitation of late In the press
ot Portland regarding conditions in the
"north end.' J . It appears Jlke a . frmail
tempest in-- 4eipot.-: .'-: ; ,-r-The
"bogs" of th north end as he
is termed, has probably not been black
mailed to any great extent. In fact, a
much stronger emphasis might be put
on the statef affairs existing at pres
ent '.:-5:--',"'''..?'" ;'T:' '!. ."',.:.:'."".:.
It is qnjte- a ims1e matter to get
liquor on Sunday In .Bruno's premises.
and in .'fact, in several other . rooming
houses In . that locality. Also it you
wish to. basn in .the smiles of the gen
tler sex, you can find them galore, from
the maid of U summers, to her more
mature sister bf 40. , Another, lodging
house in the same locality was visited
and five wromen were found and plen
ty of liquor In sight. , , , '
This state of affairs has been going,
on to a certain extent .since the for
mal closing of the resorts a year ago.
It Is : known to the police and has
been - from," the start, , bnt . for some
reason , their,- eyes T have beei tigh tly
ciosea, : pernaps iot : j.ne - same ! reason
that certain labor agents of the same
locality have generally got off "soott
free" after duping th laboring man.
A couple ,ef white slave convictions are
all very nice, but If all he north end
crooks were tried singly, the court
would be working overtime for the
next iQ years. , V!:V.J.;.Cy REYNOLDS. .
y 'CS Chalienges to Debate.' i :....,
Portland," Or., Dec. 8. To the Editor
of The Journal Will you kindly pub
lish this ..statement -. in reply to a,5 let
ter la the Oregonian of the 88th instant
from Cornelia Williams , of 1130 Fran
cis avenue; cityT Not wishing to im
pose upon "your : generosity for the pub
lication of-a" printed controversy : we
make : this challenge, to a kindly edu
caUonal debate of the subject matter
contained In , the before mentioned let
ter, with - the" party named or any su b
stitirte Whom she roay choose. We wfTl
furnish the : hall. In a convenient and
respectabl ; part of the city, fre - of
any expense to our opponents and ex
tend to them the fullest courtesy. Here
it n chance for ighteoas,' "safe,
I'saoe," "freer people'io use, th rpow
er of, the spoken word against the
"evils, and ' "forces making for chaos"
In the "sawlngs" of "Socialism." Th
"great pity" that the "great, body" of
"level Jieaded people remain silent" is
herewith excused. . -
If tfils challenge be not accepted we
ahaH claim the victory of having won
the contest without contesting it , .
Tours to "remove the rnbbishH and
give the "good people" the "gain. ",".
V fj. W. BARZEE, State Sco. a P.
.' '.!' """'' ' ': x'i r -'
- . Taxpayers, 1 , )
Portland, Or,, Deo. 1. To the Edi
tor of The Journal Among all the fads
anfl fancies 'of our young political life,
none impresses - roe as so thoroughly
ridiculous as the word taxpayer. . The
poor, poor taxpayer is, according to th
reports of meetings in the papers, the
only citizen to bo entitled tj any con
sideration. ' Now,, pray,- explain -tome,
why not even every baby is. a taxpayer.
If I hay n , orfice in "a ,dow, town
building. which is owned by arr east-
erncrJs H .'paying the taxes or. am 1
and , thf ; others , who ore living there?
You may; be sure that as soon as his
taxes are'Taised he wfll take the raise
out cf -our hides. Is not the common-"
est nooo paying a. tax wnen he drinks
a glass cof beer? - The heaviest , tax
payer Is a salooAkeepor,' and his taxes
are paid by the drinker, s Now, let us
acknowledge as citizens, only those who
ire-4n-4iMteerg-typ ctflwrnn(f&6uh
ties and dig tip, for taxes the money of
7-otliers. .. Ii A. HEARST.
it Short Weight Loaves or Bread,
' Portland, Nov. 3n.'The the Editor of
The Jn.irnal Why do, not the; attthori"
ties of this City, tmfprce- the law in re-
Letters'From tKc People ;
f J
. Lx
::.LiLL CI
The lawyers disasrrwd, of c
tnn Sant Claus al30 ba 'rrorrw.
slve"? -
rrtland is at the top, in percentages
Of lncreaso,
ppeembcr will scarcely beat Novem
ber's wet record.
Football ifems to be on the way to
playing itself out ,
"" :' .
Astoria cwldn't tn wpfctci t gro
dry; 18.S5 Inches of rain In November.
Only 23 days more for Christinas
shopping, The earlier ones are the beet
.
Read about the Chlcsro weather and
be thankful that you live In Portland
-rxpr. somewhere else In Oregon. .
,' . e . , ( .
Nothing is gained by sending money
away to -mall ordr houses; the best
policy Is., to buy. of home merchants,
The way to develop Is to develop
amplified to use -all possible means of
development Individually and ; collec
tively. . '
Well,, a young woman could do worse
things than wear a man's clothing
though it must be admitted that it la
not exaj.ly ladylike. ,
. . ' '' .i'Jy. ;;
Hobos vhave formed a ! union. But
there Is little likelihood of their -being
able to arbitrate with tha ancient as
sociation of watchdogs.
t;;iiil...i,;;1.?Jf ,ii Xr'.r:: 1',Jrv',:fi::''4:f:C
Hood River apples and - a Morrow
county heifer are -first ' prise winners
at Chicago. ' Oregon can take first
riies ,n almost everything she pro
ucesy anywhere, 1 .. V , r -x
' Wall street and the railroad magnate's,
ft is reported, are considering the ad
visability of pulling off another panic;
unless higher freight rates are secured.
Doubtless they can do -so. If they so
determine. . , -
. -' j . , .;-.' i f 'V '
Peary saya h has1 nothing to say
about ; Cook s new story, and that he
hasn't can't bet made too: emphatic or
strong which addendum to the suffi
cient statement that he had nothing to
say exhibits his spQn, , , v
According to 'item a published; every
few weeks fowls .,1'xve a itnu rre(li
lection for gold. If thct-e t -rtort in
crease In frequency we rnav i .-t a
wholesale slaughter 'of fowls to t 1 If
they have gold" in their crav 1.
"'A "man" was sentenced td a ar
prlsonment in Clackaniks conn
no elect to suDDOrt hts lamilv r.
!. m
mr the
County will be at considerable c-,.nc
Villi, ,1, 1".... ".'.. . j
can starve to aeatn. . wnat wtsaom.. .-
A Marion county, man has tken hia
children out fi B,clS0Lbtw8A.inf-t?.c
er will not teach thetn that the earth Is
flat and stationary, , as ne. neue ves. and
accordlng" to the Bible. 3ut the days
when a teacher . would teach that the
earth was round or flat, a a the school
directors required' are past
DcccmDcr 2 in History-r
'- ' '- - v '
.The first saving bank, appears to Aav
been of German origin and was opened
at Brunswick lnsI76i. A short.tlm af
terwards similar banks were opened in
Other- cltie of Germany and; Switzer
land. 'These banks kwere introduced to
.the ibtice,' of th English public by
Jeremy Benthan, whp, In 1797, proposed
Well devised system of J'fru gal banks,"
to constltnte a branch of th pauper
system of the government ;
The first BngUsh saving bank of
the modern type was organized .by the
Rev. Henry Duncan of RuthwelL ScoU
land, in M10. , ' . ." .v- xx
. Shortly after; the i successful Inau-r
guratlon of savlnga banks In. Great
Britain upon a popular and practical
plan these institutions began to attract
attention In th United States..Th first
organization of which ; there Is rec
ord was effected in the city of New
York-ion November ; 21811, but ? the
first of Such bank, to go into actuaj
operaUon was In Philadelphia,, which aa
a purely voluntary asociation . began
to receive deposits on December 2, 1S16.
During the summer t of , this year the
times had been hard, business was dull
and as many people were turned out of
employment, much' suffering occurred
among . the poorer . classes t ef th com
munity., i t ; . ' - : f' '-: ,. ,'
Meetings for relief were held and considerable-
money subscribed; , but Ita or
der to render the public benevolence sys
tematic, it was determined to form a so
ciety for the purpose of amelioraVn
the conditions of the poor end for re
moving or preventing the causes which
produce mendacity." Dr. Mease proposed
g -saving bank,", under corporate au
thority.
The first saving bank in th United
States to ' become Incorporate " was In
Boston on ' Decembet ' 13, 1 818, which
organized and-, began business In the
spring. of 1817 Thus the United States
nucleated Great Britain in giving to
this interest the sanction and ,protec.
tlon of law. .,.)' ,
The savings bank of ( Salem, Mass
was next Incorporated tn January, 1818,
and commenced business In April fol
lowing. ? The savings bank of Baltimore
opened "as a voluntary association for
receiving deposit on March 18, 1818.
and was duly incorporated, in December
of that year. -' - 1 y.. .' --
Rv 1820 16 savings baftks?,haa been
founded ;i the United, 8t-e?.and the
Sard 'UiniiimtyhfVrbw
is m law now whiclf jsays a loaf of
baker's bread must ' weigh ! on , pound;
but th loaves sold in .this city rarely
weigh half a pound, or" even less.. There
Is no, reason why th authorities should
not see ,to It that the people are, pro
tected, and that they get a pound of
bread a th law Calls for. ' :': ";; ; '
Wheat -l treasonable, - there U- no
shortage or scarcity of this ooormodlty,
therefore, the bakers should glv full
weight and if they d not they shottld
be called into court and punished. Bread
and all otberfood stuffs pas through
too many hands before reaching the
consumer. Th baker Instead of deal
ing directly . with . the consumer first
delivers bi bread to : the grocer; the
latter will not handle and distribute
the bread without charge; the : baker
makes his profit, th grocer make his,
and the consumer 1 compelled to pay
for it ' " - . v
This Joggling is the main cause, of
the high cost of living, The country
produces an abundance of everything,
but there , Is a class of sharks who
manipulate and . speculate and gamble
in the necessaries of life. Those who
hare in authority to rectify this state of
affairs', and enforc the laws , should
compel all .bakers to live up to tbe law
and Should they' not, adequate punish
ment should be meted out to them. '
V:"4-,. - , THOMAS GUINEA M "
Z ,.' i Bhepard for (Senator-', .
: ' .From th New York , Evenlag Poet ,
Of . the- strength of the sentiment in
favor of Edward M. Shepard's election
as United States senator there can be
no manner of doubt The remarkable
thing about so many of the expressions
of oninlon that have anneared Minurn
ling it,isiae .simpla.' tatemeDt-ot-hJa
manifest superiority, In point of quali
fication for the offce to any other can
didate that can, be. named,' This, it Is
felt on all hands, will hardly b dis
puted. v Mayor Gaynor's words were;
vile Is th man above all others to rep
repent NSW York state at Vfanhlneton."
The same sentiment Is expressed, in
CO- :
(
T'rinevi!: r.'ir r .'l 1 running' night
8 :y' . .
Alhnpy wl "move for a T.IL C A.
bu""'" ' , "' ' '
A Jl.OOrt.f'"! ell company h-ns been or
ganiii'.i Ai Val . '
, . r
Turkpv rttlsinsr has become profitable
around Willannna, .
Much road improvement : Is going on
around Hermtston. -. "
x ',-..-. -
On .one day, one Oakland firm handled4
o,uuu pounds or turKeys. .
- . -
On November 20 a Talent man picked
fine, large, ripe strawberries,
Mines In Mormon Basin, Malheur
county are yielding encouragingly.
v . .-...'.. ,' . ,.l .
Prlneville banks show a big gain;
have resources of about II, 000,0i)0.
There are a dozen Congregationalists
in Vale, who will organize a church.
Three new postoffices were estab
lished In Crook county in one, week;,
, Within less than two months. 290
carloads of products were shipped from
Union. ' , ,.
Since Currv county went. wet three
saloon are planned for the little ham
let of Gold Beach. -(. , ; -,-
Willamina' man hung two quarters
of beef in his woodshed one evening;
never saw them again.
Wasco county taxpayers will vote on
a new court house, which. the OpUmlst
says Is badly needed. . , ..
Langlols Is gradually rebuilding; one
new building is a hotel, and the upper
floor of another. will be used as a Wood
men's hall. ' ' . -.
Correspondence of Dallas ttemlzer:
Monmouth ia no exception of a town.
We have a few. kickers here. They will
kick if times are good, and kick if times
are bad.
. . - '
L. S.' Kelsey f.Fowder River is Just
completing an -irrigation ditch whereby
he can Irrigate; 1200, acres of choice
land, only one and one-half miles from
the city, i '.. y a . - -.
a
-A The run. of salmon on the ' tlmpqua
for the past season has been a banner
one and aa a result between 130,000 and
$40,000 will be distributed among the
fishermen. ' i . ' . .r ,".'
-The latest exploitation- of Benton
county lands is betnsr made by-the
Hloomlngton Fruit & Nut company,-an
organization completed at Bloomington,
111., during the summer.
. Oold Boach Qlobe: a Just'' as. w go
to make-UD form. the "Devil." got his
clumsy fist in, to, a galley, of locals and
as a consequence, have more "pie" than
tfhy thing else in the shop.. ,We hope,
however, our readers will forgive the
Devil this time-.n.: : r .
America's Savings Banks
number had been increased 'to 61 ln
1840 and tn in 1860. since , then the
development has been steady, the num
ber Jn 1909 belnj 1703. Last year there
Were 8,831,88a depositors In th-.sv
ings banks of the country,' with "de
posits of $8.7X3,405,709. It i hard to
realize the ' tremendous growth of the
American,' savings , bank from does to
four billion deposits in 1909 with depos
it of only a little more than sis mil
lions in 1830. :: "'-''V' V V; '' ,, ' "v..
'The sir states - having the largest
number of; depositors -at present are
New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut,
Pennsylvania, California and Iowa in
the order named, Tne. six states havr
ing the largest amount on deposit are :
New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut,
California. Pennsylvania and Iowa, v, .
; In foreign countries th most .frugal
are the Germans who have deposited
In savings banks 3,191,882,000; second,
Austria,' .with ; $1,111,658,951 deposited;
third, the- United j Kingdom, $l,033,?Oi
304. '; ' -X- : :;-;; X-f : ,,
American savings banks are of two
types; mutual and Joint stock;'' The
mutual banks are ' managed l by .trus
tees" who give their services gratui
tously, the entire profits .being. dis
tributed in the form ,of Interest on, de
posit. The Joint, stock savings banks
retain for tha shareholders all f of it a"
after sUpulated Interest t)as been; paid.
The former type la the only one .round
In the eastern states. ; InfAme of the
western state joint stock sav ings banks
are found to the. excUraioh the mu
tual banks. Many Commercial banks
conduct a savings department lp , addi
tion to., their regular business. .! ;,- .j
December 2 Is- the date the Mariner's
compass was invented in 1300, StvPaul's
Cathedral wasopned (1697);: th battle
ef Austerllt wa . fought" in 1805;- on
which the - Monro Doctrine was de
clared ln1823; : J.ohn-Brown"waa exe
ewted in 188; and the "first.; grbund
waa .broken at Omaha for the ''Union pa
cific rllroaaln 1863i-Today, ,U the
birthday of Richard Montgomury, wlJ-
was kiued m , tne. attach on-Quebec
(1736)1 John - Breckenridtce,ttrorney
general In Jeff erson's cabiaet?u(1760) ;
Brastus , Wells, h St Jjoulsf merchant
and promoter (1822J; and the date of
the death of Hernaa Cortes, " conquerer
of Mexico ,(154) ; 1 Margaret of . Na
varre (1549); St Francis Xavler (,15521
and Amelia Opie, novelist (1853), xU;:
varying forma and with or without spe
cification . of detailed reasons, by one
representative man and representative
newspaper after another. Commenting
on the Brooklyn Eagle's remark that
"more senatorial qualifications center
in him than In any other member of
the party who Is now proposed for. th
office," the Syracus Herald ys: "The
press of this state, -wltli very few ex-.
Ceptlons, will cordially subscribe to this
estimate of Edward M. Shepard." And
this up-state newspaper goes on id'ar
gue against giving any weight to the
consideration that Mr. Shepard's election
would make both the- senators residents
of New York: City,' pointing out. that
the fact that Roscoe Conkllng was a
resident of the little city of Utica did
not : prevent a Democratic Jegielature
from electing Francis . Kernan, of tho
same place, as his colleague,:
; : Railroad .Bates.
- . From the Boston Globe..' '
' Transportation rates for travelers on
steam railroads fluctuate from time to
time; but they are very much higheriall
over the civilized world compared with
10 years ago..,,;,,.',;:,::.,.:.,.;..
la the large Cltie of : Eu rope second
class, fare now! average pei' mile more
than' first class ' fares in the; United
States, while sleeping car charges in
foreign cities are from 20 to 30 per cent
higher. It also costs about one third
more for- an American; to 'travel ; the
earn .distance In Europe , than in the
United States taking the cheapest route
possible. .': 'j-'-- 5 '".;'
Why railroad tramiportatlon Is "higher
than formerly is easily explained, it 1
a condinon and not a theory that is con
fronting all roaas., ?Their fixed charges
ar-vnr hiahiw- and rmjst b 'met
promptly. That Is the reason why, the
interstate commerce -commission re
cently- approved advanced rates on cer
tain southern railways. ; Considering all
the factors in transportation, the out
kiok for cheaper fares, even where the
government owns the road is not very
encoux aging.
v r r.
A f 0: i.HV DM V b(? 1 fl. '
l!i-p. --:,1rr. t
V, ht'!i lie ( .'.-! a
u l c-isar f:toi'H
1 lis f lar Jtiay ( ' i i
(! iM'i-n.i' iit ,
.. 1Vin-n his volume'
of ImsinetiS hts
grown,
He may gaze at
the w o r l 1
etralght and
foarlfss -He
may have suc
cess under kev.
He may think other
fellows are .
cheerless ,
But pay day still
, ; . feel , ,: good, to
; me.- . -''.,'
A man may sell port
nuts and paper?.
And ly by a good
deal of pelf, ,
He vnty cut many
f didoes and ca
.. . pers, .- :.:
And take pride in.
Or he may, boss a crew of his fellows.
- And dole out tne checks with great
glee, n
He may have a hat full of yellows
' But pay day still feels good to ns. .
A man Is s king when no master ,
,. Stands around Just to- tell him to
' work, - . '
And, of course,' he ne'er feels a disaster
When be grapples notion to shirk.
But the cares that are bound to obsess
him' -
- Cause Joy and contentment to flee.
And troubles and worries possess him
That's why pay day feels good to me.
..' . , , .- ,,.-.
Smile a little every . day; . put away
your grouch, . .
Always keep tobacco In your old , to
bacco pouch. . ' ' " , :
When It comes to making verses, really
I'm no slouch, v
You soe, I had to find a word t rhyme
.- with that word "grouch." -
''V Portland's Self Conceit. ' ' '
' From the Bandon EagJe. . '
Being geographically In Oregon. Bani
don people retain some, state pride, even
though commercially In California. That
is to say, If the wholesalers of Portland,
which loudly proclaims Itself both- a
progressive and aa aggresstv city, will
put a steamship on the Coqullle river
run between Portland and Bandon, said
vessel will be patronized to a" good pay- .
ing basis ',
Bu t Portland is skeptical and. so far a
Us local opportunity exists, slumberefo.
It Is all right to investigate any busi
ness1 proposition, but to insist on a
sUpulated kruarantee ef so much busi
ness when this valley Is already fSVind
antly well Supplied from San Franclso
looks foolish for Portland and tn no- ,
wise enhances, th prestige of th Ore
gon metropolis in local eyea.
What 1 Portland .and .that Portland .,
chamber of commerce ought to do la
to put a" steamer on the run regularly
or forever abandon the enormous and
profitable trade of Bandon and the Co
qullle valley t Portland's principal
competfltor, San Francisco. - Portland's
tardiness in' its- own state, betokens a
taint of mS8backism so evident, to
Callforftlan " and - uewcomers,. who as
yet hav accumulated no moss. - -Let
Portland awaken. Bandon will
do its part' y'-":' ,''' ; ;;'.'' t "x
t Whose Bon Was ITT r '. ,
" Th Albany Democrat - '
Wlioe boy was the stranger killed af
Miller's and buried in -the city cemetery
at. this city? f It may never be known,,
but somewhere here is probably a
mother wondering where her boy is.
Because he was killed while stealing a
ride on ,the cars the world called him
a' hobo, an unpleasant designation; but
those who saw him .say there waa not
a bad look in b l face,' and perhaps
after all he was- simply som laboring
man .getting toward home where a
mother is waiting for him, . The heart
of th world beats for the mother whose
boy goes astray and many feel like deal
ing leniently with the stranger out in ,
tbje cold, even though there through his
own bad 4habits and indiscretions, The
press generally refers to, th band of
men-t raveling through th country,
Whatever they raay haye been before, as
hobos and tramps, and U gets hard- '
ened to the designation; but the mother
with a boy of her own, , whose heart is,
alefays soft for thb IS affliction, docs)
I It
not like its harshness, ana wotuu nav- ,
something less severe, for perhaps itx
might be some one' boy closer home.
x 1 1 1 :: 1 "
; C!ompulsory Arbitration Needed. -
From the Spokan. Spokesman-Review. "..
.. From Chicago, come, the terrible as
sertion that "6000 babies are starving
sa result of th labor war." ,
, Every fathers and mother's heart
aches at th thought of th suffering" 1
irtfllcted on-, the innocent and helpless., -
It is an outrage, a travesty on prog
ress, : law and civilisation, when th -
lockout or,, th strike , brings . distress
on adult non-participants., -,But it 4s :
intolerable - and unspeakable ; when . an . ,
Industrial war results in the starvation .
Of children, and babies..V'i.,-'rfH5i:. ,',,'
When will A)nerlcaa citizens learn Xx
that capital and' labor have no right, to
Xight? ' When willvsoclety realize that
It ' suffers from their internecine con-. ':
filets? If the difficulty betweenth
employe . in the garment: Industry- of, ,
Chicago had had to e submitted to'
arbitration, the world would not have '
been horrified by the starvation of 5000 :
babies. ' Compulsory arbitration, of in. '
dustrlal. differences must , be wrought
Into the fabrio of every American state.' ,
V""'" :'-' , ' ' ) " ' . "- .',:..' l
Enthmrlastlo Klamath Fall 'Odd Fel
lows pledged over $1200 rn one evening :
to furnish their new hall.
' (Contrihnted to The Joornal by Walt Miwon,
the famous Kni piifi. proae-poemi r a
regular feature ot this, colauin in Tbe Pill '
Journal). i. ... . . . . - ., .
' -: X"' ' ":'V .- -' "" ' ; -"'
. My feet, are broad and : flat ! and
larger and either shoe might be a barge.
My feet are always In my way j I stum
ble o'er them every day; 4and all the
people that A meet are ever looking at
my feet; I've .heard them saying, a
they 'passed, that Cinderella - is .out
classed. Is gaze -Upon my ..trilby wideb
and oft my bosom swells with pridi?
for, through they look like i hods of
bricks, I've tsatnod them to some useful
tr'ck's.'. If, there's a, sick man needing
ale those feet will give a . street pa
rade," and hasten to his, humbis dftnr,
that I may do some helpful chore. If.
there's a neighbor, plunged in woe, 'those
blamed old Urilbys seera to know,- and
they go 'scorching down the roaov that
I may case . that- neighbor's load. , If
mere s a sane ana neipiul plan' to bn.:
efit. the creature man, thobe feet are
Straining in their shoes, and not a 'min
ute will ,they lose;- they carry me in
haste aWay, that L may butt into the
fray. If" earnest men, with weapons
strong, are battling with some grtevofls
wrong, those trilbys fairly paw the
ground, as, though they heard tbe mur
UaLiiouili..anaba.ft. to- thiN-rTTe-of
.strife, that ,' I may fight as for ray
life.' "Sortie people hand me large bon
quets, and praiwe mo fort-'ifven ways,
but I'm an idle,, trifling skate, content
to go a earless traits wo' shies at car
and toll and sweat my feet dprerve
tV, rtrl.4A t a-ftt I r , ' , . , u , . .
;. V . Useful Feet
roprrirhf. into. V. Vt A
6