RAILROAD BUILDING NEAR MADRAS. OREGON
I
MODEST MAKER V VIOLINS
VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS
In Portland Is to Be Found an , Elderly Workman, Regarded as .
Among the Best in Ilia Line, Who Disclaims the Distinction
lie Tells, However, What Constitutes the Best, in Violin Mak
. lng, Insisting That Skill, Not Temperament, Counts. - - - -
By Miles Overholt
"T
HE quaint sayin that we fatten
upon what weeed Is1 as true
in music as in, anything else
and if we feed the mind on
, -,,n-
the best It
crave that grade of musio and "will even
.demand a better one."
A few weeks ago Tha Journal In Ita
pews dispatches from Washington re
., . . ""f3""' "" Bjari-
11ns information that among- tht violin
' makers in America, one of the best was
locaiea ai t-oruana. y vioim manors, eventually make it perfect And' age
, It meant those who make instruments brings out the melody. -that
are recognized, by professional mu-' we are-' told that Stradlvarius put
siclans, " ' , , ' the beauties of ' his surroundings into,'
i , The writer, called on him thus hailed bis Instruments; that from his-work-
as one, of the best violin . makers. He Bhpp in'the top of his house in Cremona
is located in the front room of a mod- he .looked out upon the most wonder"
est dwelling house on tha east side and, ful. skies -in the world' in. the morn
besides being a violin maker of note,, lng, seas and isles of rose And turquolBe
he Is probably the most modest man in '-at' sunset, sapphire lakes on ' fairy
s business on the broad Pacifio coast continents, of 'gold. .That he- looked
i, . . k down upon enchanting hanging gardens
, Distinction Disclaimed. , "" evrry breath ef , air that came
,T . . through his windows, laden with the
, He says he is not the best violin BWeet aromaB o( a thousand blossoms,
maker .in the, country. He says that set to weird harmonies the strings of,
there is no doubt that dosens are better the violins that hung from the rusty
than' he. But anyway, he Is sending nails In the beams of the celling," re
violins all over tha United States and cif Midtr' ' .... . '
. . VBut don't believe it,', ha continued.
many Portland players will positively , man hM nQt hafl exprlance
use no other make of Instrument Ho an(1 lf he naJ) riot tn knack of ,aking.
sells them in San Francisco, Chicago, violins, he can't make one, and that's
' Boston, New York, New Orleans, every, all there is to it. If he Is a good
where. But he says na doesn't amount "workman his work will be better than
to a great deal as a maker of violins, the amateur, no matter what his sur-
jno has been making violins for only a roundlngs. .A man works for the purs
' matter of about 60 years and, In conse- lovs of tha work.. Ha will, of course,
quence, his experience has been Urn- make his instruments as near perfect
Ited.- as he possibly can, because to make a
N But 8tradlvarlus' mads violins for perfect , Instrument is his desire; he
nly 60 years and some of his lnstru- lves to do perfect work. He has not
ments have sold as high aa 115,000. Mr. - the time to gase on his surroundings
Rider, the Portland violin maker in - " maker" M hav
question, has a Stradlvarius. a real one, J?J?It-
which ha says is worth 110.000. Ha ma"d tfJfi
offers It for sals for $5000. It is a ess. o, there is
trifle over 200 years old. Many have noth,,n ,n tnat Btor.y; .
var,u,ed vSin W 'EST T. -Valuable- Collection of Instrument,. '
s Rider Bua-ffests . that we be wary of Mr. Rider has violins that were made
purchasing one-that old,- principally for
the reason that there are none. Stradl-
various died In 17S7.- And if one owned
a violin made by him during his tenth
year it would not yet te more than 231
years old. - " . -
.. . AJUVtO aiB, HVWWTO., v . ..... -
in the country more man 300 years of
.age. Mr. Rider has a dosen or more in
. Vt vnrlrihnn . Anit tia will anil one.
guaranteed to be over S00 years old
for as low as 300-a dollar a year.
" Vr Bifl.r mat nothlnr hut irono" -
violins. And by that he' means violins
that are built for tone and volume com-
5?:J - IS- 2 Li
more critical as time goes byr but one
: tha.t is perfect and sensitive withal.
. - Loves His. Work..
' "It Is not because I want to make
'money," said Mr. Rider. "I could prob-
. ' m n.
ebly make more money In a dosen other
linea of business, but I love the work;
.1 love it," he said, almost reverently, i
"The country is flooded with cheap
" violins," he said after a time. "They
are klln-drled and machine made and
- are not worth as much ss the raw ma-
terial they are made of. They are com-
moniy known as 'store instruments" and
are mans jor tne mosi pari in wermany
- nd are Intended to deceive. The manu-
public; that he is deceiving the credu
loua. He knows' his goods are worth-,
less, but at tha same time, he knows
they will sell
, .b the. in-
struments are not Just as good as hand
made ones. They sly they !ook nice and
. ,11.- ..I.Hik ..V, ...J
uuiiu nivc vjuttii vujin- iu dvuiiu,
: far as they can tell Sure, they look
nice. A machine can do nicer work and
- more exact than can be done by hand.-
Ana ins varniuii Binnea. mat ui wum
it is put on for. not for the benefit of
But the machine made instrument is '
, made for the money there Is In the busi
ness; the hand-made for the pure love of
' the making. Mr. Rider says the profes-
ftlonal ' violin maker the . man . who.
"makes really good Instruments haq not
a commercial mind and cares not I for
gold, other than enough to keep body
.end soul together,
. Oregon Woods Satisfactory.
- Oregon furnishes as fine wood for
violin making as any In the world, says
Mr. Rider. The best wood we have for '
tone and volume combined is the moun- '.
, tain cedar that grows next to the snow- ;
- line. . The reason this particular growth
cf cedar is the best Is because it grows
slowly. Oregon yellow fir Is excellent
: violin wood for producing sound,; but
it does not carry the tone, while the
spruce , is mellw and sweet-toned, but :
r ' Hardly . loud enough outside of parlor
playing." The larch la between the two,
producing both tone and volume.
- It is true, however, that most violin
wood for Instruments in '-America is
shipped from Italy and Germany. . This
- is not because of the extra value of the -.
wood, but for the reason that It la ,
properly aged and seasoned. -
Jp Germany the laws of the empire
. are' strict In regard to the selling of ,
wood for violins. The laws are such
that not a stick of wood can be sold
- unless-it be aged sufficiently It must
, be 10 years of age and the tree must be
at least 10 years old when it is cut.
Moreover, when a tree is cut down an-.,
other . must be planted in its stead.
This, by the way, is the kind of conser
vation that bears results.
-The Italian sycamore' is' the. same
. wood as our- own .maple and the Swiss
pine is like our spruce.
4 Wood Preparation. Jf
v When a tree is cut here for violin
making It Is necessary to soak it in a
running stream for about 8 months.
avi. uiv vui v. i: . era 1 1 1 1 1 i uul
" 'i'' . 'V' 'i , ..
: ferably in an attic .until it is seasoned
and thoroughly - dry. After a .couple
ui years ii is reaay hi no pui into an
" Instrument. But it shoula bs seasoned
for1 at least ten ' years, and theatres
i ' when cut should be 100 years old and
. absolutely healthy, " '
, . Mr. Rider was asked lf there 'were
really, any secret in violin making, or
whether. Strsdlvarlous had a secret
iu&ujw'ia-J'ASJLaK , ,
Syrnmetry Essential.
' Tbe secret of the immense valu of
' ..u
lta age that and the fact, that Stradl-
varlus never had a superior as a maker
01 instruments. - look at a- biramvarius
lntrument There Is not a curve but
that is In perfect harmony with ' the
instrument. Every bend, every figure,
every scroll is perfect And that must
has a slightly. different angle than the
ether, why the tone will be slightly off.
"There Is no doubt that many Amer
ican violins will be as perfect as the
stradlvarius ' instruments - are today
wnen they ftre ajrd ara tne strad8;
constant playing on an Instrument-will
- tn Italr-over-80e--rears-: age - by-De
Salto, Amatl, Magglni. -He has at least
$100,000 worth of old instruments in
Ma jllttie worV;ghop. He expects to
,end them to 80ma aay t0 tna
auction house of Hart & Hill, which
makes a specialty of selling old and
valuable ' instruments. This firm em
ploys a board of experts which passes
'"Vla I . i .. 1 i.
the establishment, and this board s
wor is a positive guarantee that the.
i"8tr"mentB a".-th the. price asked
There are violin makers in the United
States. today who are no doubt turning
out as good instruments as did Stradl
varius away back. In the eighteenth
century. Among the best makers today
are Rlder-f Portland, Oaks of Seattle.
Robinson of St Paul, Mueller of 1 St
Louis and Squires of Boston,
. ,Ab ,tn ?tory that the maker puts
his soul into the instruments as well
M, thB beaut,,s of naturei and the 80nS9
o( Dlra8 and the fiower scented air Is
obsolete. It Is. the workmanship that
counts workmanship and age. -
. 1
lIaiUon dispelled.
And Stradlvarius tiid not communl-
cats to the dumb, wood of his violins a
thousand tonruea that todav Hive and
Bpeftft when th6 bow tg drawn " Softly
across the strings. ', The tones we bear
are not the pleading passion of the red
ros. whispers Of the night winds,
the anger of the storms, the gentle
voices of the evening shadows or the
anthem of a glorious sunrise. It is
? 'Ji JJfA
VXft t?ndM an(1
U"""M'
And so there
drcam dlspened
r
is another beautiful
-
.
Wood row wa
son
Dr. Woodrow ' Wilson, president of
Prlnoeton, , Is affording the public the"
unique example Of a man high in the
ranks of academic
field of learning for
Democratic nominee
htn In New .Teroev
aggressive '.campaign. As a historian
Dr. Wilson ranks high, s an" educator
he has shown rare abllltv. aa a citizen
he DoSsesses those Dualities r eaaential
to. leadership. He is now engaged in
convincing the people of a progressive
emmnnwaHhhatHie' - 4epiltfted - 'te, -
serve them In an executive capacity.
This plunge in stats politics is be-
lng closely watched the country over,
ouvwoo ty .u , uirau, ii ,ia i ubijvou,
ah attempt in the national pool in 1911.
' . . .
v..:ivi' C ... :'...,.iWfv.v
-r ' - ' , v r,, , ,
' .' . mmimitmm iti4.-Aiiiiiii'g:.ii.::;ia,rt iii,"iimmtaaatei.Mi 1 1 onrnniwiinniii "l 1
a.;Vvl , .11 n. , i &Mwiwr,zsr i , n V f,.,. VJ
.f-:i4.; -. ' W r JSyr ' 1 1 ii i i i m.i2immjj j't'j-:---,
.H ' ; ,rw,p""''" ,
, m t rvn i ' n
(VI A I J K A 1 I K
AWAITING LOCOMOTIVE'S WHISTLE
By Randall 'r. Howard.
most
1
ATVD AC? ( . , V.
bustling little town in Central
Oregon today. This chiefly be-,
cause it Is the headquarters for
BPmv Af rs rniirl tkrnrlr.
"en who are rushing the construction
nyer canyon and into the heart of Cen-
tral Oregon. Madras is the gateway
tewn the . first . station on these two
roads after they leave .the deep and
rugged Deschutes river canyon. And
Madras wllLbe the first Central Oregon
town to hear the railroad whistle of
both the Hill and the Harrlman trains,
U 1?;,proJaifed.t!!!t at lei" evnd
possibly both of these roads will have
been' completed to Madrae before Jan-
uary l.;1911. And then Madras will
be the hew shipping point, the Shaplko
of Central Oregon until the next unit
Of the parallel railroads are completed
to Redmond the second division point
in uie construction wors.
'TVnical Pailrnari TWn'
Madras Is today the typical new rail-
road town of the west, with its great
crowds of foreign laborers and crowded
eating places and noisy soft drink Joints,
The main street -and the several side
streets are filled at night, and the busl-
ness houses are busy at all times. At
least these are the first things that
the newcomer notices about Madras. A
little later-these same conditions' will
ef 1st at Redmond, and at Bend and
at- Crescent, as the two great railroad
systems move on mile by- mile south -
through Central Oregon. The chief dlf-
ference Is-, that Madras will see this'
condition .longer than any other of ths
clnef towns because the construction
work neart Madras Js very, heavy. . The.
resident of Madras oan, fay imagine
a perpetual Fourth of. July, for there
Is no hour of the day when rock blasts
cannot .be, heard at distances varying
?J. rLm iS'. si Jv t' Jlt
tl. fr?S iHTl
and the more distant ones sound like a
Hrm it rAvAnv fr KAtt " L
Old Stock Countrv , - . . i
own wuntry, -
There was a Madras even before there
vas any Deschutes canyon railroad talk,
Ten years ago the Madras country was
a'notcd stock range section. The horse-
men and the cattlemen gathered every
spring and every fall at the Willow
Creek basin, their chief camping place,
for the "ride." With the exception of
a few scattered ranches, the country
was all open range and some of the
produced by these few ranches proved
the land to be fertile, and other ranch'
ers locatea.
part of the year, and water could be
had in wells at depths of from 10 to 80
feet. Pollowlne- the huildlnr of the
- folumbia . Southern hrenh ntllMuul . in.
Shanlko, and its promised extension far-
ther south, there was- a homesteaders'
'Tq8h, - tff -theMgdrar wiinlt.y. 111 Try-new'
comers from other lands and other grain
sections said that 'the great area of
foiling hills and the. immense Agency
jriui . juei., west or ine wiuow vjreett
basin were promising wheat-growing
jue aeserunjf tne , vine . wuiow creeK oasin. wnere xnaa- ... . . ... .. .. tj.. ...1.
. tu.... i,. i time scienime vsou cultivation, ma it ,
tnr nrr.r. nn4nT, K Knm..t..J. ),. HIBJ . uo OTOUBITO U1M ITUD VieiQS Will vl
h ln-mnVtnr an wna nmnln wtr thrA.,-h thl rat.r eieHuiiy tncrrase. ine aiuiuae is rrom aisiance away
i n t iitrsv t t r - r - r
r,iil I INI 111 W 1 I
sections. During the land rush period
several thousands of homesteads were
filed upon and the country settled up
with surprising rapidity.. -
' The first year's cultivation proved
mat Tflfl SftCt ion nan ETent Brain tlfK1-
Mlitles Sod lands produced from 10
the average of all of the land in the
Madras country is in the neighborhood
of 20 bushels . per acre. The better
farmed lands are yielding 40 bushels in
many sections, and the possibilities of
section under scientific cultivation
not yet known. It Bhould be pien-
tioned, In Passing, that the yields this
r,"hCa M.r, 0vVethfhaV;
f . Ja , f"? TA?f - Zli
MtUeri i say that climatic conditions re
seemingly becoming better each year..,
Tf!
Towns Location.
. strangely enough, the location of the
town-of Madras was fixed by a defect
,n the guTroudmg country. In the Wil-
low Creek basin . there was plenty of
n, water durf a
Not fl0 0n tne roning hills about, and
the Agency Plains, 300 feet above.' The
well digger must go from 100 to 400
feet and more to get water for domestic
use. Consequently the greater number
of the ranchers did not get water, and
they have no well water even today.
One of the most common sights in this
great wheat and grain region is the
"well on a wagon"-wagon boxes crowd-
ed with splashing barrels and. long black
heavy tanks "drawn by four and six
horses. i
Business followed the "water' line in
the case of Madras. A store In the cen-
tor .of the W"low Creek basin was f ol-
lowed by a postof flee, blacksmith shop.
tnen ft feed Btable and a hotel and other
'stores. The greater part of the town of
800 or 400 inhabitants has been built
durlng the past tw0 yearB following the
talk of and the beginning of active con-
Deschutes, river canyon. Madras, now
,,oa Kv . ' ,. '
Mivt iv 1,91, u. iiv w naym ( a, ma-
chine shop, a . flouring mill, two drug
hivtvb ana a numoer 01 targe mercnan-
dise and other business establlHhments.
The town has been Incorporated since
the first of the year, and is talking of a
city water system, sewerage, electric
light, etc , ,
'
Agricultural Possibilities.
!ffl.,..(.1(l
ine one Sreat resource immediately
adjacent to Madras Is grain growing.
The soil, is rich and deep, and the rain-
t0 insure good cropsnearly every year
under careful methods of farming. Like
2200 to 2800 feet and it is said that the
rmuch
""w nuncoaoiy
milder during the past-five years.
s. .
Th depth to which the well digger
mut to in order to get his water for do-
mestic use is not so burdensome- as
wtght-ftrs-ppeari''. Thtfn si hhib ts
be nb lack of water at from 200 to 400
feet,-meaning the expenditure of from
$400 -to $800. Indeed' It seems nothlng
, juuro man i pcocraoimaiiion vnac csuneai
many Of the well to do ranchers, to con-
- r -r m t
M A I I
tlnue their twice a week trips to the
public well, where they pay 10 cents a
hundred gallons for the water with
which they fill their tanks and barrels,
The Madras section, like many other
norta if AAMtrn 1 Arnffdn V,n Ita IfMra.
tlon hopes and possibilities. It Is the
part the surplus waters of WlUow
creek to irrigate, between 1000 and 2000
near ih town. - Mora . nmhttloua
the plan of. a syndicate of men to
carry water from some of tne lnke8 of
tne uppep Dchutes river-to -irrigate
about 70 0M c8 of tne Agenoy PUln,
anfl th b Some pre-
ry surveying work has been done
toward the development of this latter
pro3nct, - Under Irrigation the Madras
ountry woul(J be vfy ftpt,to wUh ,m.
Intensified farming possibilities,
Jn addmo tQ vote root
crops, and especially potatoes, return-
large yields. In the protected spots
along Crooked river and the Deschutes,
and Hay creek and other streams, are a
b e. so that large areas of the rolling,
hln ,ands may become the best of
wlnter apple sections. The Madras eoun-
try Is still In the experimental stage so
far as more intensified agriculture is
concerned,
- .,
Railroad Routes.
The two rallroajje up the Deschutes
rlver take fliffererr0utes for th. last
1; 1. ' 1 I ? ! J J Lu
before they reach Madras. The
Oregon Trunk turns from the Deschutes
canyon into the Willow, Creek canyon,
and In the latter canyon encounters its
most heavy and . costly - construction
work. This.-road leaves thr. Willow
Creek canyon at Madras and curves
westward and south within the city,
limits. On the contrary the Harrlman
road climbs out of the Deschutes canyon
via the Trout Creek canyon, and crosses
over the roadbed of the Oregon Trunk
through the. Willow Creek canyon at
right angles, and more than 200 feet
h . a .
j. iiw 4 iai itmuu 1 vclu ucuui wait
thus be on top of the Agency Plains
noge aoove Aiaaras ana aooui a nine
from the town. The two roads reach the
same level and cross at a point about
four miles beyond Madras, and at the
top of the heavy grade out from the
Deschutes canyon. It Is likely that thts
poJnt on1 top of the ridge will become -a
railroad division point Also there wilt
be a number Of other stations through
Madra- fut belt countrv
Madras wheat belt country,
Na.tura.i Resources
. There are other large resources be-
sides grain that may be made, tributary
ve miles awav toward
.ported large deposit.
ntv. thnut ti,..m.
Twel
are reported
good quality. About the same
"
toward Grizzly Butts are
promising Indications of oil, which
cations of olL which as
yetihave not been thoroughly tested.
.Aounuam imioor 19 wjwmr 10 mues 01
Madras both- to the east and to the
west. In the Qrlszly Butte, section and
the Matoleas district.-Also. Madras Is as
1 1 eit r-1 h-tmrfme-wa le r vomrf t he
Deschutes river as has any other. town
.of central Oregon. There are almost
numberless, power sites within JO miles
' vi Maaras, me nearest oeing a DOUl elgnt
mtles distant
Four Hundred and Eighteen Years Ago Columbus Discovered Amer-
lea His-Achievement 1 Memorialized -in Several E.vtrm
States by Observance on Oc'tolx'r 12 of Columbus Day Vnyajje
and Landing of Columbus Described by Wa-hiiig(fln Iff iift
, Recounts Terlls of His Mission,
OUR HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN
years ago Columbus discovered
America, after a two months'
voyage through unknownseas in
unarrh of a now and shorter sea
route to the Wealth laflen lands of the in ' the direction , of these f-ivor.ibh'
far east. Several ' states of the east, signs, but he persevered lu stepping to
among them Massachusetts will on Oc- tha westward, misting that by kcfplnn
tober J2 o)t!erve Columbus Day. ' in one steady direction he should teach
1 In review of this historical event, the the coast of India, even It he should
following description of the voyage and miss the intervening islands.
' landing of Columbus as chronicled by Notwithstanding the precaution whli-h
"Washington Irving is of interest. had been taken to keep the'people Ig-
' It was early in the morning of Frl- norant of the distance they had sailed,
day, the 3d of August, 1492, that Co- they gradually, became uneasy at tl-
lumbus' set sari from the. bar of Saltes, length, o'f the voyage. The various in-
' small . Island formed by the rivers dlcations of land which occasionally
Odlcl and Tinto in front of Palos, steer- flattered thnir hops passed away one
ing for the Canary islands, where he after, the other, and the same lnterml-
' Intended to strike due west. As a tiable expanse of sea and Sky continued
guide by which to sail, he-had the con- to extend before them; ,
Jectural map or chart .sent him by Pa- They , had advanced much farther to
OIo Toscanolli of Florence." ' h west. than ever man had sailed be-
In this it is supposed that the coasts 'ore, and though already beyond the
of Tflurone and Africa from 'the south reach of succor, were still pressing on
of Ireland to the end of Guinea, were ward and onward into that apparently
'delineated as immediately opposlle ' to boundless abyss. They feared that ther
the extremity of Asia, while the great wind In these seas always prevailed
Island of Zlpango described by Marco fro'n the east, and lf so would never
Polo lay between tliem.JoOO miles from . P," th8lr jeturnto Spain. A few-
the Asiatic coast. At this island Co- breezes from the west allayed for
lumbus expected first to arrive. a t'"18 their last apprehension, and sev
On the third-day-after setting sail. "al small lirde such ss keep about
the Plnta mado a signal of distress, Ffves and , orchards came singing la
her- rudder being' broken and mnhung. V19 morn,n nd flew away at m"-
' This was- supposed to have been done .
through the. contrivance of the own- imaginary 1 errors. - . . -
' ers, ' Gome Rascon and Chrlstoval On the- following day there was" a pre
Qulntero, to disable the vessel and fond calnii and the Bea M far afl U(0
"To?umbVsCs mucrbed at this "ach wa. covered .with
occurrence. It gave him a foretaste weeds, so as to have the appearance of
of the difficulties to be apprehended ' a vast Inundated meadow.. The seamen
from people partly enlisted on compul-r now feared that the sea' was growing
lonr SndfuU'of doubt-and f orebod- ehallow, they dreaded lurking rocks and
lng. Trivial" obstacles might in th s stl0a3 and quga,,, and tnat their
early stage of the voyage spread panic ves8eis mlght rn aground In the midst
and mutiny through his crews, and In- of the ocan far out of the track .of
unci- ineiu vi leuounm inc piuovui.v..
of the enterprise.
Land Left .Behind.
On Sunday, the 9th of September, as
day broke he behold Ferro about nine
leagues-dlstantr-'-Fortuflately a-- breee.
sprang up with the sun. and in the
course of the day the heights of Ferro
gradually faded, from the horizon.
On losing sight of this last trace.-of
land the hearts tf the crews failed
'them, for they seemed to have taken
leave of the world. Behind them was
everyinmg qear 10 m neri. u '" fallacies, but .in vain, when fortunately
country, family, friends, life itself; be- there camo on..a heavy ,,wen pf thu
fore-them everything was Chaos, mys- Bea ( uaccompanted by wInd. n wag
tery end peril. Many of the rugged reKarded wlth aBt(mtShment by the mar
seamen shed tears, and some broke Into lners anJ dl ,M the , yn .,r.
loud lamentations.- rors occasioned by the calm.
thSr VXZ Vhe nlenrtlS The Wrt of Colubus was dally
Jhelr distress, describing the splendid, he'comlnr more and mor Kritinat Th
countries to which he expected td'eon- , J?t critical. . The
duct them and promising them land K lof " seamfn "os uob8?-
rlches and everything that could arouse 'ute m"tln- They Eathered together in
thotr -cupidity or Inflame their tmaglna- " 'e1t,rt'1 lml ot tha Bh,p- first
-tlons, nor were these promlses made for m lttlf, knot of two and three, which
purposes of deception, for he certainly Kfadually increased and. became fornld-
-'bellevod h should realize them all. Jomlns in murmurs and menaces
He now gave orders to the command- against the admiral. ,
ers of the other vessels in case they They exclaimed against him as an
should be separated by any accident, to ambitious desperado who, in a mad
continue directly westward, but that fancy, had determined to do something
after sailing 700 " leagues, they should extravagant to render himself notorious.
lay by from midnight until daylight, as Were .they to sail o until they per
at about that distance he confidently Ished, .or until all return' with their
.expected to find land.
Strange Signs.
, As they advanced, there were various;
other signs that gave, great , animation
to the crews. Many birds were seen
flying from the west There was - a
-"""' "i. -
hangs over land. Everyone was eager
" 00 lne t "l . Deno" na announce
, whcu-ivi
Xmaoe1erlSB1r,0IS,V
cover land. '
Columbus sounded occasionally with
It is not at all certain that the au
gust Senator Henry Cabot Lodge '"of
Massachusetts will escape . the whirl-
wind o.f popular opinion that is blow-
ng the toga from the shoulders of so
T of his leading colleagues, He da-
sires to retain his seat in the senate.
V,.i ,ny h. tn iin . btmnf flffht
t .a..,.
Z ?ZZ:::
UbBViitKhu.
tt Bmiihllcanlam unrest of the
.n-j . . r.n.niv i mi.m
evPrfisse(i itself in terms that predict
retirement for Senator Julins ' Caesar
- Burf0W,s'feTtrrfflflirf
th Democratic column Is a feat of po-
litieal acrobatlsm not ' considered Im-
possible of duplication In the Bay State,
Hence the" oouDie worry ror Benator
Lodge. - -
SenatorLodic .
t t J t " N P
1 "" i-" 1
I J
a line of 20o fathoms, but found no bt-
torn.. Martin Alonzo Pinion, as well
aa others of his officers and many of
the seamen, rore often sollHtous for
Columbus tO'altec his course, and steer
,. Bi,i minmhn. nrM.H tv.. fal.
lacy of this alarm by sounding wltha
deep sea line and finding no bottom.
tor three day there was a conttnu-
ance of light, summer airs from the
southward and westwardXand" the sea
- aa.as smooth- asailrw, The efewa
"ow Became uneasy at me calmness or
the weather there was a risk either of
perishing amidst stagnant and shore
less waters, or of being prevented by
contrary winds 'of ever returning to
their native country.
Columbus continued with admlrabla
patience to reason with these absurd
rrail shifie became impossible? Who
would blame them should they consult
their safety and return?
.The admiral was a foreigner, a man
without friends or influence. Ills
scheme had been condemned by the
learned aa idle and visionary; and dis
countenanced by people of all ranks.
uhere was, therefore, no party on-his
side, but rather a large number who
. would be gratified by bis failure
lnIcations Pf.Land
H w" ftowit open de'f lance with his
crew, and his t situation : would, hava
been desperate, but fortunately .. tha
manifestations of land on the following
day were such, as no longer to admit
-Of-xlouht 'X- green-fish,- such- ae-keepe
about rocks, swam by the ships and a
branch of thorn with berries on It float
ed by; they picked up also a seed, a
small board and above all a s'tafjr arti
ficially carved. All gloom and murmur
ing was now at an end, and through
out the day each one was on the watch
for the long-sought land.
In the evening, according to custom,
the mariners had sung the Salve Ra
glna or , vesper hymn to the Vlsgln,
Columbus made an Impressive address ,
to his crew, pointing- out the goodness
of . God in thus conducting them by
soft .und favoring breezes across a
tranquil ocean to the promised land.
i ... .
The Discovery. j
Suddenly, about 10 o'clock, he thought
he beheld a light glimmering at a dis
tance. Fearing that his eager hopes
might deceive him, he called to Pedro
Gutlerrer, gentleman of the king's' bed
chamber, and demanded whether fee law
a light in that direction. The latter r
plled in the affirmative, Columbus, yet
doubtful whether it might not be some
delusion of the fancy, called Kodrlgt
-Benches of Segovia and made the- am
Inquiry. By -the time the latter hid
ascended the roundhouse the light 'had
disappeared.
They saw It .once or twice afterwards
in passing gleams, as if It were a torch
in the bark of a fisherman,4rlslng and
sinking vth the waves, or in the hands
of some person on. shore, borne up and
down as he walked from houso to houso.
So transient and uncertain were thrs?
gleams that few attached any import
ance to them. Columbus, however, con- '
sldered them as-certain signs of land,
'and, moreover, that the land was inhab
ited. They continued on their course until
3 o'clock in the morning, when a gun
from the Pinta gave the Joyful wlgna!
of land. ' It was first discovered by ,i
mariner named Rodrlgues Uwrmcjo, tnt
the reward was afterward adlurUcJ t '
the admiral for havtng previously per
ceived the light,- The land wna n-v.
clearly seen about two leagues distant,
whereupon they took in sail nl laid t ,
waiting lPpX ZVon
P I'"""-.?' ' ' .
uua " ' J,lln V" vi nw.n
have been tumultuous and l(itMi.. At
leng-th. in miteySf every difficulty ,...
hadWompll.h.d ht. t .
Jn K"al mystery 01 tn cr M r-
vealed. . lilt theory, which bhti U- U
i;otf of sasr1. trlumphmiil v mi,,
Hahed. He had securH t ntf.M- K e
world itself.
.- it Is difficult even lot v-.i-1.?'
tion to conceive the feitit nf
man ai vne moiiieni Bum in
covery.
J