THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, JULY 10, 1C10.
''HE JOURNAL
INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER.
PBbiiahef"
I. 8. JACKSON.
FuhHahed mrrrf erenlpe; 'fTpt Bnndif) nI
eter Unnday morning atTbe Journal Build
In. rUlli and Vambill streets. Portland. Or.
Entered it the poatofflca at Portland, Or., foe
trmtmluloo through tba malla second-claee
matter. 1
TELEPHONES Main TITS; Horn. A-SOBI.
All department reached br theae unmbera.
It 11 tba operator what department want.
foreign advertising representative,
P'ti'nm'n A Kentnor Co., Bornawk-k Building,
- t2S r lfth ,Tntia, New Sorkj 1OW-08 Boyce
Rulialng. Chicago. -
(ubtcrlpttoo 'a rjna by nail- or t any address
a ue united states. Canada, or ateueoi
: . . DAILY. "
Cot rear ..15.00 I Om month ........ ,M
EDNDAt. , ...
Co rut,'.,.. ...12.50 1 Ont Btootti .. .SB
DAILY AKD SDN DAT. .
Ont year.. IT.SO I On Month...".'.... I .85
Small kindnesses, small courte
sies, small considerations, habit
ually practiced In our social In
tercourse, rlva a greater charnv
to tba character than the display
of great talents and accomplish
ments. Kelty.
-3
GAYNOR
I
AYOR GAYNOR has faults that
are lees so because they are
bbvlous. : ? There - Is - nothing
Becret about his acts; be has
nothing to conceal. What he thinks
he says ; what he honestly believes
he ought to do, he does; his con
science satisfied he cares' nothing
for criticism. ;" It is admitted by most
: of those who 'opposed him that he
has ' made so far one of the best
mayors New York ever had -Within
three months of his Inauguration he
had Introduced economies saving the
city, $1,700,000 i year,' and increas
ing its borrowing power $34,000,000,
and this was but a beginning. He
was nominated by Tammany, 'but
owes nothing to Tammany and pays
nothing. Murphy called on him he
received the boss cordially,' butf he
never returned the call, and Tam
many got: no . appointments. . lie
made excellent .appointments, as he
was exceptionally well qualified 1 to
do; he put at the heads of depart
ments . conspicuously efficient, irre
proachable men. His first lnstruc-
tlon.was to look to expenditures, to
cut out all graft, and millions upon
millions of graft have been cut out.
In the department of docks the pay
roll was reduced $300,000; in the
department of parks, $15 0,000; In
the water department, $343,000;
and by abolishing a needless board
he saved $225,000.' Tammany had
had a lino feast; no wonder It want
ed to govern New. York. , , . "
Gaynor. made five men In one in
stance do the work 17 had been do-
' ing, and made them do It better. In
one "bureau" he cut off 150 heads
at a blow.' He reformed the pur
chase of supplies, the armory board,
the city printing business; the bureau
of weights and measures, and kicked
out a lot of dummy city musicians.
But it was to the police depart
ment that he paid especial attention
He practically took Charge of It him
self. There are 10,000 policemen In
. New York, and the mayor Instructed
them that' their first duty was to
obey the law, never to go outside of
lt either to enter a saloon or .other
, place, or to club an offender, or , fori
any other purpose. " He . Bays that
"supreme danger lies in. trying to do
by , the policeman's cl ub what can
only be done very gradually by the
slow development, which comes prin
cipally from ; our, schools and
churches." - Policemen, he says, have
no more right to break Into a man's
house than burglars have; .' Under,
the New v, York law, policemen have
no power to make arrests for viola
tion of the excise law," only to gather
evidence against Violators of the law.
Yet the s police were collecting $2,
v 000.000 a year by . threatening ar
rests that they had no right to make.
Gaynor stopped all that. "Take my
word for It, my reverend friends," he
said, "the only way to fleal with the
saloon or vice Ik to do so lawfully."
Mayor Gaynor Is 59 years old. He
was born on a farm, went to a coun
try school, was a newspaper reporter,
studied law, -settled in Flatbush," a
suburb of Brooklyn, and soon turned
reformer there 'effectually. He' has
served as mayor of Brooklyn, and
long as a Judge, in which, capacity
he did more work than any Judge of
the same grade, with the least per
centage of reversals. He walks dally
from and to his home, seven miles,
and has a large family. Such is a
.condensed sketch of the work of an
eminently true and useful, if imper
fect 'man, vhQ may be a candidate
for president In 1912.
LAW IS LAW
"I
HAVE not the right by mere
'will to prohibit anything," de
clared Mayor Gaynor of New
York to a Boston organization
that requested him to prevent exhi
bitions of the Reno fight pictures in
, New York City.; He added: "I shall
consider what power lies within the
province of any official. But If -the
law does not- confer sucfi- power I
give you the solemn assurance that
It shall not be exerclsedr
It is refreshing to have an execu
tive declare that "government must
be by law. The effect of Mayor
Gaynor's utterance Is splendid in dl-
1 reeling general attention to the fact
that law is law and that the author
ity of the law ls rflnaL There Is
pressing need everywhere for youth,
maturity and age to be "taught that
no man or body of men Is bigger
man me jaw, u is or commanding
urn re&iize mat no Jaan or body of
men has a rlgbt to "suspend the law,
to abridge the law, to set aside the
-law, to evade the law, or to fjulllfy
tie !a. If cny man or body of men
has -such, powers, what Is the use
" " r"
of common councils, direct votes by
tne people, or any otner rorm ol
legislative enactment? If any execu-
tve as Bucn powers, what is the
use or state senates, .nouses or rep
resentatives and congresses?
Jn this country there are the ad
mlnistrattve, the legislative and the
Judicial departments' In every organ
Ized , government from the federal
organization down, .to . the smallest
Incorporated city. The legislative
body -enacts laws,-the courtlnter-
prets them, and-;-the executive ad
ministers them; The prerogatives of
each are unalterably fixed, and It
was especially provided by the most
solemn ordinances that one depart
ment should not encroach upon the
other. When therefore, Mayor Gay
nor Insists that 'l have not the right
by mere will to' prohibit anything,"
he stands squarely on the constitu
tion, and gives a splendid enuncia
tion of the duty of the citizen either
In private or public life.- As long
as law is not repealed' by tlve con
stituted authority, it should, be law.
If a, mayor has a right to set aside,
abridge or nullify the law, the petty
thief has a right to do it; . If one
man or a body of men has a right
to suspend or change the law, the
house breaker or any other criminal
has an equal right to do It. The only
way to change, Bubvert or supersede
a law Is by legislative process, and
when It ,1s attempted by any other
method, it Is lawlessness, and a law
lessness Just as vicious as the law
Iessness of the men who are daily
called to bar 'In the police courts
of the country.
POOR PAUPER PULLMAN COM
PAXY r
Hta interstate commerce com
mission having reduced Pull
man car rates on. the ground
that they, were excessive, the
Pullman company is .trying to make
a federal court In Chicago believe
that It is a poor, persecuted concern
that ; It Is scarcely making a living
now, and that if rates are reduced It
wilt become bankrupt Sleeping cars
on some lines, the company's attor
neys solemnly affirm, will be run at
a loss If rates are reduced.
One needs not to know the exact
Income and expenditures of the Pull
man company to know that this plea
is an audacious misrepresentation 6t
facts. .- It is possible that Juggling In
bookkeeping may serve to show fig
ures substantiating such statements
but It Is a matter of common knowl
edge that the profits of the Pullman
company have been and are enor
mous, - running up to many tens of
millions of dollars;, and it Is doing a
constantly increasing" business, of
which it has an absolute monopoly
throughout the country.
The Pullman Car company has
been one of the most profitable mo
nopolies of the country and its earn
ings have been nearer 60 per cent,
probably nearer 100 per cent, on act
ual investment, than the 5 per cent
that its lawyers say is all It can earn
If their statement Is true, It Is be
cause the greater part of the stock Is
"water." And while piling iip many
millions of net profits annually, this
great multimillionaire -monopoly
habitually evades or contests reason
able-taxesrand-pays -Its-porters so
little that they have to depend on
the charity- of jhe traveling public
ror a .imng. a
X The. Interstate commerce commis
sion doubtless investigated the mat
ter of Pullman rates thoroughly and
decided that they should come down
a little In Justice to the "millions of
people who travel." But the company
comes ; lnto court and plead? pov
erty, - that ; it is making only 6 per
cent now on some. lines, onlv 'iu
per cent, is really losing money,, or
will, if rates are lowered. No wonder
the people demand that such oncon
scionahle ; monopolistic - corporations
be regulated.
THE FIGHT PICTURES
HE week has seen the country
In near hysterics over the mov
ing pictures of the gentlemanly
affair at Reno. Governors,
mayors and others of the great and
near great have been urged to stop.
the exhibitions on grounds of public
morality.
The movement recalls the effec
tiveness of the photograph as an
agency In education. Language may
describe, but- It is the photograph
that fixes In the mind of child. or
man the contour and the Immensity
of the great pyramid of Egypt. Vol
umes may be read about the Wash
ington monument, but It . Is the-plc-i
ture that fixes 'lt .'.outline indelibly
on the mind. Columns in the news
papers failed to give the reader the
graphic conception '.of.'- the recent
Paris flood that was revealed In a
Bingle photograph of the swollen
Seine and the Immersed buildings.
Through the photos we can make a
tour of Europe, and when we go in
person there will ;be little that is
new for us to see.
The Impression that the picture
leaves on the mind of child, matur
ity or age la fixed. - There Is neither
forgetfulness nor " erasure. The
newspaper long ago learned the value
of the picture, and long ago em
ployed it as the quickest and most
effective . agent in communicating
thought. Nast's cartoons were one
of the most' powerful of all Influ
ences In breaking , up the ' reign f of
the Tweed ring. -., Every history,
every modern dictionary, every work
on ornithology, soblogy or ichthy
61ogy"mpl0ys the picture as one of
its chief educational assets. Even
tions and the advertising of the city
noomers are profusely Illustrated,
because, after all. It is the photo
graph tha creates the lasting im
pression"31 r ;,- ...
And, la the -evolution that-tlm 1
UU l i
brings,.. the photograph has been
vastly improved, and we have the
moving picture, men it, we are
able not only to give "the mere out
line of an object, but can actually
tell a whole story, and tell It as no
pen or tongue can describe It. W
can fix a happening-' on a human
mind with euch, vividness that noth
ing can ever obliterate It from mem
ory. We can tell the story of the
Reno affair exactly as Roccurre4,
eliminating xonlyithezi resounding
whacks on face and body as either
fighter delivered his" .punches and
the running, repartee between John
son and Corbett. .We can; literally
reproduce the fight, in Portland or
New York with complete exactness
of detail, except the ; speeches or
noises In' and out of the roped ring.
It is all one of the marvels of .this
marvelous age. ' . " : , i .
.The moving picture Js a fearful
and wonderful thing. It . is one of
the most effective educational agen
cles now In the hands of man. v Its
potency, for giving Impressions that
will never be forgotten Is so vat that
It arouses concern as to whether pic
tures that are exhibited are flclous
or elevating In their effects. If the
prize , fight Itself Is under the ban
of the law in every Btate but" NeVada,
what of the pictured reproduction of
it? If it Is harmful to see a prize fight
what Is lacking but the sounds of the
fighting -.' and . the noises V at , the
ringside to make the vltagrapha ap
proximately as harmful, especially
since millions of unhardened youth
and maturity can ee the pictures
while but a handful of old and faith
ful fight fans saw the original?. And
while we speculate on the fight pic
tures, It is-well also to keep In mind
the nickelodeons to which thousands
of children troop dally In every city,
village and ' hamlet in the - country.
What are the Impressions, what the
lessons and what the influences that
are radiated there? Are the pictures
such, as parents would admit to their
homes? . Are they such pictures as
would be fit to exhibit In the public
schools?
' JULY-"';
I
T IS NEARING the middle of the
midsummer month, ..the first of
the two principle harvest months
the month when.Ceres, rising
rank and high, puts paling Flora InJ
the shade, while on her other hand
Infant Pomona smiles- and waves
her chubby hands in anticipation of
her turn, coming soon, to feed and
bless the world.
. Hot grows the ground; hard
grows the . grain and yellw the
stalks that bear them. - Forth go-,the
reapers, the combines and lesser ma
chines, and the big Job of providing
the world with another year's flour
goes forward steadily, mightily; with
mueh perspjratiorij and hot flesh and
hearts pumping blood at full capac
ity, yet with Joy In the .work, with
triumph, for the harvesters will 'not
only keep famine; far out of sight,
but will have gold galore ere long.
But It is not all work Jo, July; for
many who do not till the "ground It
is uw piayume or me year, fluuionfi,
putting aside for a month or two
the routine duties and cares of the
rest of the year, have gone down to
the TJceanr up r Inter thrmoTrntainsron
recreative Journeys far and near,
and" are at play for older people as
well as children like and need to
play at times. For these; July Is a
happy, long-anticipated month.
Each month - has Its v peculiar
claims and . characteristics and
charms and uses, and the month of
great Julius Caesar has nothing to
be ashamed of, V
PERSONAL INJURY LITIGATION
HE TACOMA Commercial club
has Invited a conference of all
persons particularly Interested
In the subject of personal
injury litigation, for July 22-23.
in that ; city, It Is Intended
to make the ' conference fully
representative of both employers and
worklngtnen, the aim being to devise,
if possible, some legislative or other
means for doing away with or at
least greatly reducing the great and
Increasing amount of personal Injury
litigation. This Is a matter of gen
eral Interest, for taxpayers have to
pay a portion of the costs of these
numerous actions for damages. Most
such actions, it may be presumed,
have merit, but a good many have
none, and are brought by lawyers
with little else to do, who will take
the slimmest kind of a clance to
work somebody out of a few dollars.
The originators of the conference
seek to save the heavy costs of liti
gating personal Injury suits, aid to
encourage and aid the adjustment
of such cases out of court., This class
oi litigation m many cases aoes not
display Justice In a very favorable
light. An employe, may have, just
ground for damages, but if. the em
ployer resists he can delay the trial
for a good while, then if defeated
can appeal, and It will , be many
months, perhaps running Into" years;
before the employe, even If Injured
so that he can no longer work, can
get the damages that are his due.
On - the other hand, railroads and
other employers of many working-
men - are constantly- harassed , with
cases without any real "basis of
merit; or very large damages are
asked when the Injuries are hut
Blight Courts, it would seem, could
do much, . without such conferences
as- that proposed, ' to correct the
abusea of personal Injury litigation.
A movement of a similar rhmr1.
was made in Oregon, .but employers
andmolWHMo14-e-arw!nrir
each side will ask for a aw to suit
itself, neither, perhaps, being entire
ly fair and just to the other. Not
- . . --m - rr w-- -. 1"
mucu m ut way oi, jrameaiaie re-.
suits can'he,exn5ftM frnm tbl
other almllar oonf erencea, -butolti-
V'1-.-'' 'Hl.''i - "J I.Ji.i : !,' . l.,'Li.. ..
mate results raay be large and very
beneficial. Such-conferences respond
to the Injunctloji, "Let us reason to-
getner," and are educational.
it is estimated that only 40 per
cent or the money paid on account wounds." They have done so al
of personal Injuries or deaths reaches ready. Everything was going along
tne victims or their families. Law-
yers get a large fraction of the 60
per cent, but a good deal is absorbed
in court, costs and pay of expert wit
nesses., Any Bcheme that will mln
Imlze lhese Jees anl costs - will - be
beneficial te employes, employers
and the public
SKY MEN IN WART
n& comment or navai orycers
TTTfH .".' ' mmt .
on the CurUsa experiments in
dropping projectiles from mid -
I uu a oatuesuip target ro
of suggestion. Admiral von
full
Frankenburg said: "By much prac-
tice a ship may. be bombarded ' by
aeroplane.' Captain Capehart thinks
UTk. M f . 4 .
tuw lamw iouna wim tne aeroplane
can be overcome."- Admiral Monte-
cuwoh warns ureaunaugnt ouiiaers
io uear- m mina tne new : aanger.
Rear , Admiral SIgsby calls Curtiss
experiment "a lirst step toward mak-
ius toe aeropiane an insxrumeni or
. wariare. ; is oniy a question
oi aeveioping more perrecc insiru-
ments tor hurling shells; from the
sky with greater accuracy. .Then it
wiU bepossIble for the aerial de-
uoyer io ao us uamage. irom an
altitude of a mile In the air." ;
Hiram Maxim has ; pointed out
that a thousand rifle bullets may
pass mrougn ine wing ,or an aero-
plane without disabling it. The New
xorK wona adds that aeroplanes
cnange ineir aistance, speea ana ai-
rection almost every -instant, and
mai wi ID at an auituua. vi
a mile in the sky would be a matter
of extreme difficulty. . It asks the
significant ; question; ,; what ; would
nave oeen me position or Aamirai
Sampson's fleet, If, while desperate-
ly fearing a torpedo attack at night,
tnere naa Deen aaaea tne terrors or
a thousand . aeroplanes to appear
from behind the hills at Santiago
for delivery of an attack with, bombs
rrom me Bay. ine Boston neraia
says that "by the time our new 30,-
uuu ton - DatueBmps are in commis-
lion,. It is not at all unlikely that an
aeropiane wini nave oeen ; perrectea
that will be able to put them out of
business."
The field is . one for interesting
conjecture. Every s day adds to the
evolution in sky cratt The aeroplane
of today is the... automobile of six
or eight years ago. ) The puny , type
then is but a shadow of the highly,
perfected machine of the present
avery Beason b moaei is nigniy lm-
proved over that of the year before,
iixo evoiuuon in me auto is going
on bo rapicuy tnai every owner wants
j&e moaerjor the current season,
The same - developing process will
goon with! the sky machine. The
principle of '.. the heavier-than-alr
nyer was not even discovered unui
three yeare ago. This means . that I
as a war device, the aeroplane will
not remain what? It K It will be
developed. Its possibilities ought to
be reckoned with as we go on loading
ourselves up witn iio,uuuuwDat-
WOMAN PRESIDENT OF THE
. - N. E. A.
T
HOUGH the nominating commit
tee had recommended another,
a man, for the office, the Na
tional Educational association,
In session. In Boston, took the matter
into its own hands and elected Mrs,
Ella Flagg Young its president. Mrs
Young has risen in 1 her profession
until she Is superintendent, of the
public schools of Chicago the second
city of the country. It was appro
priate and logical to elect a woman,
such a woman as Mrs. Young, to this
position. While most of the super-
lntendents and principals of the pub-
He schools of the cities of the coun-
try are men, nearly all the grade
and country teachers are women. Wo-
men are chosen for these positions
not only because they will work for
inc. oX 1,0- ni .
an iSJS SSi Z
can afford to work for, but also be-
cause, as a rule, they.make the bet-
far tooMJo Th.tr
Wl VVUVIAVI Oa -A UV A A (A- V S AUUIV h,a
tlence, more tact, greater sympathy
and are more devoted to their, work
than men. Hence It was fitting that
this great army of women teachers
snouia db recognizea ana pieasea Dy
the election to this honorablevposl-
tlon of a woman, especially when
such a woman as Mrs. Young was
available...,.. . ... - . ... J
Roosevelt will make a speech inunder"tnd ft' came to be-established
behalf of Beveridge. a leadln Re-
publican Insurgent, and at the iiT2rt!J
all the insurgents are happy. But
perhaps Roosevelt will also make a
speech In behalf of Burrows of Mich-
lwersTf mrLmSi A$?H t
lowers 6t Aldrich. Hardly; but It
would not pe surprising lr tne Colonel Agency or Light Upon Nitrate of Sil
should .give quite as much aid, or T6'" " . - , ...
more u possible, to Senator Lodge i . ! v
, ' n : i"27, a German, who has been called
than to Senator Beverldge. Isn't "The Columbus of Photography," ob
Roosevelt golng.to bring all the Re- talned copies of writing by placing tbe
publicans, regulars and Insurgents, wrlten characters upon a level sur-i
together .into one harmoniously 1
bleating band, and lead them like Wedewoods article which ata.h-
lambs?
An Oregon City correspondent of
the Oregonian;. reports that "The
methods of the anti-assemblyites" sttlve than the nitrate; but notwtth
referrlng In particular to the letter Btanain8' his continued investigations,
of S. K. Kruse, recently published In 5, S! t0 .fl"?'it mwJn." by
The Journalare causing- much
criticism because they "are calcu-
lated to at'lr nn fnnHnnal otrl'o In
the party and open, wounds that wiU
r v vavuu U- a. V -A I 4
take a long time to heal.'
llCJJUllitttUa WUU1U I
agree with the assembly "leaders;"
wouldjust keen: their (hands off and
let a few of the old political gang Invention of Viepcje. who 'first discov
reconstruct and run a machine, Bhut- r'd tna th'nJ,i,latM o' bitumen Vere
ting the rank and fila out altnepthor
than All wnnlrt.fc V..mijx.T. .L.Hautr!6 "ce,ve1 pension of 6000
I a.
that there la no way to prevent the
"opening of wounds." Truth Is, how-
ever, that it is the assemblyltes and
nobody else that are "opening the.
all-right for the party until they
got selfishly busy,
AN ABSURD STATEMENT
T
HE CONDON- TIMES ' complains
that under the present no-con
vention primary law the Demo
crats get most of the best of
fices, although a large majority of
the voters of the state are RennhH-
I :
cans. What is the use of reneatln
this most gross. ODen aid nalnabla
1 misstatement of fact, when every-
ooay Knows that most of the offices
are filled hv Rr.iihHr na -'Anita on
urge a proportion as .was the case
J under the convention avstem? : The
oresent aovernor and .ecretarv of
I " -. 'r, -
state la a Rennhl ran. tn actlnt- -w.
ernor is a Republican, all the other
Btate officers are , Republicans, an
overwhelming majority of members
0f the legislature -are -Renuhlicana.
most of the dlstrlctVf fleers are Re-
publicans and nearly four fifths , of
the county officers are Republicans.
what more in the name, of the G. O
p aienhant rinoa no tim
The nroDortlon of ReniihHeanB in nf.
fice Is far greater than of Republi-
can voters at the polls. If that
doesn't satlsfv an anaflmhW r.rn.
what can? Does it want all Ttamn.
crats absolutely barred from holding
office. If by chance one here and
there should be. elected? It. would
Beem so.- Perhaps it would-be bet-
ter to disfranchise them entirely.
. .
one of the five Grant county
lynchers having been convicted i of
murder In the flrat derree anrl ftn-
tenced to be hanged, and another
having been 9nvlcted of murder in
the second desrree. the other threo
pleaded guilty to second degree mur-
d6r and all are already In the penl-
tentiary. It was prompt, efficient
work on the part of the Grant county
authorities. - The punishment is ter-
( Hbiy severe one to be haneed and
four sent to the penitentiary for life
for the murder of one man and he a
murderer--i)ut the lesson was need-
a,; Lynching of a nrlsoner will he
a very rare event In Oregon here
after. :.; ' - I
For those who cannot or do not
care to ko down to th roast - who
don't desire bo long a trip orjo be
away over -night, the ."Willamette
itself above Portland, offers a der
Hghtful opportunity for a little water
excursion or one can go by car and
find plenty of attractive places along
me river's bank for a plcnlo lunch
The Willamette in summer Is not
half appreciated.
- Having failed on amllcatlon to tret
Roosevelt.'a indorsement for Its
sembly. the tall tower is trvlnir bv
mathematics, aleebra. science, the
fourth dimension. PMerim's p.
reSs and ihTBlble to prove any way
that he favors It It is the hleh-
browed Intellectual's way of pulling
the wool over the eyes of what It
regards as Oregon's low brows.
Seeking to overcome or lessen op
position to Bhlp subsidy Its advocates
endeavored to substitute the word
"subvention" for "subsidy,'', the dif
ference between "which was rather
less than that between tweedledum
and tweedledee. Now In Orgon we
are not going to have "conventions";
O no, only . "assemblies. v The only
difference Is In the name. . , ..
Up In Crook county the voters
were so busy that the assembly lead
ers apparently with no followers
could not 'get an assembly together,
and gave up the effort. However,
i!4" A02?.0 tAGm, f ,t0"
r'V""1" lia
?. wuu nsaemoiy.
Belng perhaps angry a" t, himself
."Z". 7?'Zl'v lZ.l
"mtZ Zy, Z VTi L,.,T vl
politics when he had declared he
would t do so for two months, the
pAinat .
.CieLF! d.aL!xc ued. r
vufc u yVUCT ten IUUB
serene. But as It is, it la feared
July 1 in- History Tlie Art of PKotorapJiy
The. art "of nhotflo-riinhv; nr ratliAr.
the action of light on chloride-of sll-
ver, was known as early aa .the six
teenth century, 'it was carefully
studied by Scheele, Senebler. Ritter and
Wollaston,, and from. r the . results of
their Investigation, photography, as we
lBV D a nomas weagewooa ana
Wedgewood, after aeveral years of close'
study of the art, on July 10. 1802. nub-
,l8nea his paper, setting out the results,
"SS'
aiass and of Makin Prof ilea bv th
llshed photography as an art appeared
In the -Journal of the Royal Institute?"
L0?' ho s forking along the
Ury that silver chioriri n,nr.
&d rfc v 'V.W
Other investigators took up the lub-
Ject lator, among whom mav be- rnpn-
.-Ua7dP a! J
1 . . f .V. . 7 .
" , . . ....., , r , x aiuuk. in
'"""r"! iiiv.il, (l-QJU J.lie.jJ.
nven
uon , 5 celebrated process,
X SS !tffSf
The
en-
curiously arrected by light.
i irancs irorn tne trench government on
! :-. ... . . !
or nay ana cut aown a aozen trees'
or so. Then he felt better. He' will!
be .talking some more this week
NReally, the people of Portland
should be more thankful every day,
and especially ,on Sunday, than those
of eastern cities, on account of the
difference In the weather. It is
worth a good deal in the course of
a lifetime to live where pne can
be comfortable, as to Climate, the
year around, x . 1 -. ;'--- - -
Strangling of Finnish Liberty
' Prom tha (London) Nation.
Tha Russian douma, as It exists
in
Its third Incarnation, with'-a Jerrymah
dered electorate and a Siberian purg-a
behind It has dona little aa yet. to dis
tlngulsh Itself among the world's par
llamenta.,; But by the levity with which
It is votln away" the llbertlei of Fin
land,' It has at last succeeded in eata"b-
llshins- a record. For anything resem
bling tha frivolity of Its proceedings
ona would have to search tha records
of those sessions of our own house of
commons , which dealt In an equally
summary way with a conquered and tin
represented "Ireland under tha - last' of
the Stuarts. To the accompaniment of
the guillotine, under a reign of mltrall
leua-e speeches, each , limited to a few
minutes, the history of a century was
blotted out, the promises of dead czars
obliterated and a developed western
civilization subjected to a seml-Aslatlo
depotism. 1 , Tha Extreme Left,
It seems to us, took tha more self-re
specting course when It left .the house
In protest after- the first fatal decision.
The Liberals under M. Mlliukoff made
& good and, resolute fight, but against
gn overwhelming majority under sum
mary rules . of procedure their efforts
were foredoomed to failure. .
The sequel one may anticipate with a
certain gloomy assurance. . The ' Finns
are not of the stuff that bends before
a threat Everything which they val
ued. frora'the form of their cherished
constitution to the more lntlmata liber
ties of their dally life. Is now in dan
ger ef overthrow. : But ; Rus
sla. If she triumphs, will do so only by
losing the culture, the prosperity, and
the contentment of. the one corner of
her dominions which reaches In these
respects a European standard. .. It - re
mains for the democracies of the west
to see to it that she shall lose much
more than this. It happens that we
have .no legal ground for protest as
we had in the much less gross case of
Bosnia. But treaty rights nave none
the less been violated, solemn oathe for
gotten, and the publlo law of Europe
flouted.; The government which has
done these things has proclaimed itself
a government which does not keep
faith. Prudence itself counsels us that
the ally who attempts to transact with
it risks behavior . equally faithless.
There were reasons enough before In
pthe Internal mlsgovernment of Russia
why we should refrain from any en
tente cordials. Those reasons are mul
tiplied tenfold today. In all our deal
ings, diplomatic social and financial,
with the official ' classes of Russia,
there Is now a plain duty to remember.
first of all. that on them falls the guilt
of llbertlclde lq Finland.
v ; .. Not Sane and Safe..
From Mark Twain aa ah Orator, In the
juiy jrorum.
"Our ambassador has spoken of the
Fourth of July, ana the noise tt snakes.
We (have a double Fourth of July In
Atherica. We honor it all through the
daylight hours, and when the night
comes we dishonor It. Just at this hour
the pandemonium would be about to
begin. More than the noise, there
would be people crippled and killed.
all through the permission, which we
give to Irresponsible boys to play with
fire-arms and firecrackers. Really , we
destroy more property on the night of
the Fourth of July than the whole; of
the United states was worth 125 years
ago, and to thousands it Is turned Into
a day of mourning.
"I have suffered in that way myself.
I had an uncle in Chicago as good' an
uncle as ever I had. and I have had a
lot of them. He opened his mouth to
express his patriotism, and a rocket
went down his throat And before that
man could ask for a drink of water to
quench the thing It had scattered him
all over the 49 states. Really this is
true,. Twenty-four hours after that it
was a sort of raining buttons on the
Atlantic seaboard. A man cannot have
a disease like that and be entirely
cheerful during the . rest of his life.
These things grieve me, but don't let
mera maxe you sad,"
Asks Impudent Questions.
From thai T"rrnlt Kama
This man, La Follettels persistently
asking embarrassing questions. ' ' His
latest, propounded to Congress, was as
to how much It would cost the govern
ment to build and maintain poatofflce
railway cars, how much It costs the
railways now to equip and operate Buoh
cars, ana now- mucn the express companies-
pay the roads for car haulaarir
A man who would ask such impertinent
questions is a oiBturoer and Incendiary
During' the season : there have been six
carloads of nearly 609 barrels each of
me Dig Koyai Annes shipped from Eu
gene to the eastern cities hra tviv
command the fanciest prices because of
August 10, , 1889. , In consideration Of
which the details of his process were
given to the world. Information of this
Invention, reached the United States in
1839, through Samuel F. B. Morse, who
communicated tt to his colleague in the
New York university.- John W, Draper,
by whom the first sunlight picture of
a human , face- that of his aister Dor
bthy. Draper was made in 1840.
The development of the modern rapid
processes of photography may be said
to have begun with . the Introduction
of the dry collodion process by Bcott
Arrtier In 1851. In 1871 Maddox In
troduced, the earliest form of the "gelatin-emulsion
process," which has since
been considerably Improved and is now
used very largely. - . ' '; , ,
The lens Ss of very ancient origin.
There is a lens In the British museum,
which was found in the ruins of Nine
veh, and during the Middle Ages the
manufacture and properties of simple
lenses were well understood In - Eu
rope. The first camera made In Eng
land, as far as is known, was that by
Mr. Palmer,- of Newgate street i.n.
don, on the plan of Mr. Fry and for him
In 1839.
'On July 10. 18lr the national
of representatives passed the first war
loan cm and in 1890 Wyominsr was art.
mined to statehood In the Union. To
day is the birthday of John Calvin, Ithe
reformer and .theologian (1609); Sir
wuuam Biackstone, the English Jur
ist (1723); St George TucRer, "The
Blackntone . of America." (1752: Geor
M. Dallas, ylce-presfdent of the United
oriicer, and novelist - l79i); " Robert
Toombs, the southern soldier and states
man (1810)1 Benjamin Paul Akers, the
sculptor (1 825); and John V(. Griggs,
attorney 'general under McKihley
(1819); lt U the dale of the death of
Catherine Carnaro (ISIO'm Jhe Emperor
Adraln (188). and William. trinc if
urange ueitJr-
Nevi Forecast of
.omin
. Washijigton, July 9. So faf as the
national capital Is concerned, items of .
jhe news promises to be as scarce dur- j
ing the ensuing seven days as the pro
verbial hens teeth. The extrepie heat
seems to have driven all officialdom to
.seek relief at the seashore -orjn the
mountains. . The president, the cabinet.
members Of COnrr-pm.nnrl KnaAa ,.r ivh
various departments all have left
town, and for the time being the ma
chinery of government is. allowed to
come almost to a standstill.1
v The political world will probably keep
one eyeon Beverly and the other on
Oyster Bay, though there is no reason
to suppose -that any "big" news wilt
emanate from either point during the
week. .Golf, tennis and yachting will
abJ',?rbth attent,on of President Taft,
while Colonel Roosevelt la expected to
follow the routine of work and rest
which he.has pursued since his arrival"
home from Europe, which' has been
Interfered with only by his recent brief
trip to the Harvaitj commencement,
r The political campaigns will buzs
along in Georgia, Texas, Michigan, Cal
ifornia and other states where primary
elections are soon to be held. The Re
publican party of Alabama Is to hold
a state convention in Birmingham -Thursday'
to name a ticket to oppose
the Democrats at "the general election
this fall. Another political convention
will be- that of the Democrats of North "
Caroline., who will meet .In Charlotte
to complete plans for the coming cam
paign. , , ',-,.
v The Pan-American congress', the
fourth of a Series of great conferences '
that are steadily ; strengthenings, the ,
bonds between.the republics of the west
ern, hemisphere. , will continual it
sions In Buenos Ayres, the Argentine
metropolis, where the delegates have ;
already assembled from.,, the United
States, . Mexico and tha venunfMaa
Central and South America., ,
J The tate of the present conservative
government in Manitoba, which has -held
of fife continuously under Premier
Roblin for the past ten years, will be
decided by the provincial elections to
be held , Monday. The cammim "hm
been very keen -on the side of both pr- '
tlea. ' The government's elevator bill
and the extension of Manitoba's boun
daries are the chief Issues of the con-
test
The Polish population of America will
unite with their people across the wa
ter in the celebration text Friday of
the One 'hundredth anniversary nf rh
battle of Grunewald, in which the forc
es of Poland destroyed the power of
me teutonic Knights and placed their
terrltortes at the merer of tha Paiam
and- their: aWeayiA" U-;- .-;
Thousands' Of members nt
olent and Protective .Order of Elks from , '
all over the United States and Canada !
are gathered In Detroit for their for-,
ty-slxth annual convention and grand
lodge reunion. The sessions of the
grand lodge will begin Tuesday and con
tinue through the greater 'part of the
week. The annual parade, which is the
big spectacular event of the reunion,
is scheduled for Thursday. It la ex
pected that fully 100,000 Elks and their
friends will attend the convention this
Pursuant to the call of Judge Landls,
SDafllal -fnrtam er roni o 4..w r bpI1i Va
a.E,.iU jwij vvsai uw
convened in Chicago Thursday to re
new the Investigation of the nackinir
companies, who are suspected of vlolat-
6 Bnrman antt-trust. law.
The most notable wedding of the week
will be that of Miss Prlscllla Tnlanai.
daughter of Mr. and Mras Edward Dale
xoiana. ana Gaapar Gtlswold ' Bacon.
on of. the American ; ambassador - to
France, and Mrs. Robert Bacon.' . The
Wedding Is to take Place Baturdav at
Aubray, the country place of the bride's
parents at White Marsh, Pa,
The notable conventions of the week.
In addition to the gathering of the
Elks before mentioned,' will include the
International convention of h- Ranhat-
Toung People's Union, at Saratoga, the
annual eaengerfest of the Northweat-
era Norwegian-Danish 8uigeir assQcIa-
xion at bioui Falls, the convention of
the Upper Mississippi River Improve
ment association at St Paul, and the -
summer meeting of the America Chem
icai society in San Franclsce. - j
Capturing an Atom of Electricity. -
, From Electric News Service.'. '.,
A single ion. the atom erf ii(friiitir.
has been Isolated and studied, the ulti
mate eleotrlcal charge has been accu-.
raieiy measured and the actual stjuc
ture of . the charre 6barvA tnr tha
first time by Robert A. Mllllkan. asso-"
olate pofessor of physics at the Vhl
verslty of Chicarot
Professor Mllllkan . has swept away
iucn wr me mystery surrounding the "
nature of-the electrical charge since thu '"
discovery of eleotrlclty. , Besides cap
turing an individual Ion,' the long mis
understood carrier of electricity, he has
viewed In his laboratory peppery specks
of electricity on charged hrwii a-
proving the theory that electricity is an
imponderable fluid," and upholding the
Indefinite 'Ionic hypothesis" of Farra
day, who gave his theor th wnri i
In 1830. .... -v-s- .
Also he .has nrovad tha "ktnatln
theory," that molecules of air are In
rapid motion, and has measured the
"energy of agitation" of' these mole
cules..'.';, ....--!,. v
Professor Mllllkan'S announcement u
the result of an Investigation on which
he has been engaged intermittently for
the last four yeare, and uninterruptedly
for the last five months, during which
he has had the assistance of Harvey
Fletcher pf the physics department
,The actual catching of the single ions
was accomplished by the Introduction
of a "droplet" of oil between the niataa
of a horizontal air condenser. The pres
ence of the Ions became apparent owing'
to the action of the oil particles.
In an explanation of the fundamental
of electricity, .Professor MUHkan found
it necessary to state that -an ion was
ah atom, or piece of an atom, a mole-
cuie, or a group or molecules, which
carried the electrical charge. Then he.
gave the following statement of am -
of his results:;
"We have succeeded in Inniatinv an
individual Ion and holding it under ob
servation for an Indefinite length of
time an hbur or more, if desired. '
"We have been able to mi va avarv
tangible demonstration of the correct
ness of the view advanced many years .
ago that an electrical charge is not a
homogeneous something -a strain In
ether. or an Imponderable fluid' -spread ,
uniformly over the surface of the
charged body, but that it has a def lnlt .
granumr structure: consists. In fact
of a definite number of specks or atoms
of electricity, exactly alike, peppered
over the.surface of the charged body. It -follows,
of course, that an electric cur- .."
rent which is simply a charge In mo
tion consists of a movement of these
atoma of electricity through or over the
conducting body. ; v ? j , '
rwe have been able to bring forward'
new, direct and most convincing evl-dence-of
the correctness of the "kinetlo
theory; of matter, for we not only have .
shown directly that a molecule of air
is in rapid motion, but we have meas
furari IVi air-'aaai a, f. mt . , .
energy ox agitation and find it to agree
with the . computations based upon the
Ttlnetlo theory.' ". . - ; ; .. , , ..
In Jackson county, on the Fourth, bov
played with dynamite .cap, ,-whW ex
ploded, burning his, hands and setting
fire to his clothes, but fortunately the
Rogue river was rar and ha Jumrod
tnto JNand was ,not drowned. '
.